universal-dev-standards 5.16.0 → 6.0.0

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
Files changed (540) hide show
  1. package/bin/uds.js +13 -135
  2. package/bundled/ai/standards/acceptance-criteria-traceability.ai.yaml +13 -4
  3. package/bundled/ai/standards/accessibility-standards.ai.yaml +1 -1
  4. package/bundled/ai/standards/ai-response-navigation.ai.yaml +15 -2
  5. package/bundled/ai/standards/api-design-standards.ai.yaml +27 -4
  6. package/bundled/ai/standards/behavior-snapshot.ai.yaml +86 -9
  7. package/bundled/ai/standards/checkin-standards.ai.yaml +2 -2
  8. package/bundled/ai/standards/code-review.ai.yaml +2 -2
  9. package/bundled/ai/standards/context-aware-loading.ai.yaml +3 -3
  10. package/bundled/ai/standards/data-migration-testing.ai.yaml +79 -3
  11. package/bundled/ai/standards/deprecation-standards.ai.yaml +10 -2
  12. package/bundled/ai/standards/developer-memory.ai.yaml +4 -3
  13. package/bundled/ai/standards/flow-based-testing.ai.yaml +2 -2
  14. package/bundled/ai/standards/forward-derivation-standards.ai.yaml +26 -2
  15. package/bundled/ai/standards/full-coverage-testing.ai.yaml +34 -2
  16. package/bundled/ai/standards/git-worktree.ai.yaml +3 -3
  17. package/bundled/ai/standards/logging.ai.yaml +97 -3
  18. package/bundled/ai/standards/mock-boundary.ai.yaml +48 -2
  19. package/bundled/ai/standards/model-provenance.ai.yaml +297 -0
  20. package/bundled/ai/standards/model-selection.ai.yaml +11 -2
  21. package/bundled/ai/standards/observability-standards.ai.yaml +10 -0
  22. package/bundled/ai/standards/performance-standards.ai.yaml +46 -1
  23. package/bundled/ai/standards/pii-classification.ai.yaml +15 -1
  24. package/bundled/ai/standards/pipeline-security-gates.ai.yaml +10 -0
  25. package/bundled/ai/standards/privacy-standards.ai.yaml +2 -2
  26. package/bundled/ai/standards/project-context-memory.ai.yaml +2 -2
  27. package/bundled/ai/standards/refactoring-standards.ai.yaml +68 -3
  28. package/bundled/ai/standards/resource-cost-boundary.ai.yaml +279 -0
  29. package/bundled/ai/standards/reverse-engineering-standards.ai.yaml +55 -2
  30. package/bundled/ai/standards/security-testing.ai.yaml +13 -2
  31. package/bundled/ai/standards/skill-standard-alignment-check.ai.yaml +37 -2
  32. package/bundled/ai/standards/user-journey-testing.ai.yaml +107 -0
  33. package/bundled/ai/standards/verification-oracle.ai.yaml +278 -0
  34. package/bundled/ai/standards/versioning.ai.yaml +32 -38
  35. package/bundled/core/acceptance-criteria-traceability.md +15 -5
  36. package/bundled/core/accessibility-standards.md +8 -4
  37. package/bundled/core/ai-friendly-architecture.md +1 -1
  38. package/bundled/core/ai-response-navigation.md +31 -3
  39. package/bundled/core/anti-sycophancy-prompting.md +1 -1
  40. package/bundled/core/api-design-standards.md +92 -7
  41. package/bundled/core/audit-trail.md +119 -0
  42. package/bundled/core/behavior-snapshot.md +94 -7
  43. package/bundled/core/browser-compatibility-standards.md +15 -2
  44. package/bundled/core/checkin-standards.md +9 -2
  45. package/bundled/core/code-review-checklist.md +10 -2
  46. package/bundled/core/container-image-standards.md +97 -0
  47. package/bundled/core/context-aware-loading.md +2 -2
  48. package/bundled/core/cost-budget-test.md +1 -1
  49. package/bundled/core/cross-flow-regression.md +3 -2
  50. package/bundled/core/data-contract.md +104 -0
  51. package/bundled/core/data-migration-testing.md +90 -0
  52. package/bundled/core/data-pipeline.md +113 -0
  53. package/bundled/core/deprecation-standards.md +16 -2
  54. package/bundled/core/developer-memory.md +13 -8
  55. package/bundled/core/documentation-writing-standards.md +1 -1
  56. package/bundled/core/error-code-standards.md +4 -3
  57. package/bundled/core/flaky-test-management.md +1 -1
  58. package/bundled/core/flow-based-testing.md +3 -3
  59. package/bundled/core/forward-derivation-standards.md +33 -5
  60. package/bundled/core/full-coverage-testing.md +72 -0
  61. package/bundled/core/git-worktree.md +4 -4
  62. package/bundled/core/guides/performance-guide.md +1 -1
  63. package/bundled/core/guides/security-guide.md +1 -1
  64. package/bundled/core/health-check-standards.md +2 -2
  65. package/bundled/core/iac-design-principles.md +97 -0
  66. package/bundled/core/incident-response.md +119 -0
  67. package/bundled/core/license-compliance.md +2 -0
  68. package/bundled/core/logging-standards.md +78 -2
  69. package/bundled/core/mock-boundary.md +54 -2
  70. package/bundled/core/model-provenance.md +181 -0
  71. package/bundled/core/model-selection.md +27 -2
  72. package/bundled/core/packaging-standards.md +1 -0
  73. package/bundled/core/performance-standards.md +96 -2
  74. package/bundled/core/pii-classification.md +148 -0
  75. package/bundled/core/pipeline-security-gates.md +22 -2
  76. package/bundled/core/postmortem-standards.md +2 -0
  77. package/bundled/core/prd-standards.md +91 -0
  78. package/bundled/core/privacy-standards.md +14 -3
  79. package/bundled/core/product-metrics-standards.md +100 -0
  80. package/bundled/core/project-context-memory.md +8 -2
  81. package/bundled/core/prompt-regression.md +1 -1
  82. package/bundled/core/refactoring-standards.md +44 -3
  83. package/bundled/core/replay-test.md +1 -1
  84. package/bundled/core/resource-cost-boundary.md +180 -0
  85. package/bundled/core/reverse-engineering-standards.md +66 -2
  86. package/bundled/core/runbook.md +113 -0
  87. package/bundled/core/schema-evolution.md +105 -0
  88. package/bundled/core/secret-management-standards.md +110 -0
  89. package/bundled/core/security-testing.md +26 -2
  90. package/bundled/core/self-review-protocol.md +2 -2
  91. package/bundled/core/skill-standard-alignment-check.md +53 -0
  92. package/bundled/core/slo-sli.md +109 -0
  93. package/bundled/core/smoke-test.md +1 -1
  94. package/bundled/core/spec-driven-development.md +21 -3
  95. package/bundled/core/tech-debt-standards.md +1 -1
  96. package/bundled/core/test-data-standards.md +2 -2
  97. package/bundled/core/user-journey-testing.md +102 -0
  98. package/bundled/core/user-story-mapping.md +96 -0
  99. package/bundled/core/verification-oracle.md +167 -0
  100. package/bundled/core/versioning.md +133 -109
  101. package/bundled/locales/COVERAGE.md +84 -73
  102. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/CHANGELOG.md +81 -6
  103. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/CLAUDE.md +1 -1
  104. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/README.md +22 -9
  105. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/SECURITY.md +1 -1
  106. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/adoption/DAILY-WORKFLOW-GUIDE.md +2 -2
  107. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/acceptance-criteria-traceability.md +4 -6
  108. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/accessibility-standards.md +1 -1
  109. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/adversarial-test.md +226 -0
  110. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/agent-behavior-discipline.md +187 -0
  111. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/ai-response-navigation.md +32 -6
  112. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/anti-sycophancy-prompting.md +1 -1
  113. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/api-design-standards.md +1 -1
  114. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/behavior-snapshot.md +335 -0
  115. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/browser-compatibility-standards.md +229 -0
  116. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/cd-deployment-strategies.md +135 -0
  117. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/chaos-injection-tests.md +130 -0
  118. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/checkin-standards.md +1 -1
  119. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/code-review-checklist.md +1 -1
  120. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/container-security.md +535 -0
  121. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/context-aware-loading.md +1 -1
  122. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/contract-testing-standards.md +191 -0
  123. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/cost-budget-test.md +86 -0
  124. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/cross-flow-regression.md +199 -0
  125. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/data-migration-testing.md +217 -0
  126. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/deployment-standards.md +328 -9
  127. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/deprecation-standards.md +1 -1
  128. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/developer-memory.md +2 -2
  129. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/disaster-recovery-drill.md +87 -0
  130. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/documentation-structure.md +1 -1
  131. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/documentation-writing-standards.md +1 -1
  132. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/error-code-standards.md +2 -2
  133. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/feature-manifest-standard.md +222 -0
  134. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/flaky-test-management.md +87 -0
  135. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/flow-based-testing.md +284 -0
  136. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/forward-derivation-standards.md +3 -4
  137. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/full-coverage-testing.md +197 -0
  138. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/git-worktree.md +1 -1
  139. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/governance-layer.md +160 -0
  140. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/guides/performance-guide.md +515 -0
  141. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/guides/security-guide.md +494 -0
  142. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/knowledge-graph-memory.md +128 -0
  143. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/license-compliance.md +129 -0
  144. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/llm-output-validation.md +192 -0
  145. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/logging-standards.md +130 -8
  146. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/mock-boundary.md +109 -0
  147. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/model-selection.md +28 -5
  148. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/mutation-testing.md +106 -0
  149. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/no-cicd-deployment.md +219 -0
  150. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/packaging-standards.md +76 -5
  151. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/pipeline-security-gates.md +126 -0
  152. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/policy-as-code-testing.md +203 -0
  153. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/privacy-standards.md +1 -1
  154. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/project-context-memory.md +1 -1
  155. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/prompt-regression.md +88 -0
  156. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/property-based-testing.md +87 -0
  157. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/release-quality-manifest.md +207 -0
  158. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/release-readiness-gate.md +193 -0
  159. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/replay-test.md +102 -0
  160. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/reverse-engineering-standards.md +46 -1
  161. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/rollback-standards.md +120 -0
  162. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/sast-advanced.md +309 -0
  163. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/secure-op.md +328 -0
  164. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/security-testing.md +96 -0
  165. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/self-review-protocol.md +167 -0
  166. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/server-ops-security.md +507 -0
  167. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/smoke-test.md +79 -0
  168. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/spec-driven-development.md +55 -5
  169. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/supply-chain-attestation.md +131 -0
  170. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/core/versioning.md +1 -1
  171. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/CHEATSHEET.md +31 -6
  172. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/FEATURE-REFERENCE.md +61 -34
  173. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/MIGRATION-v6.md +88 -0
  174. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/USAGE-MODES-COMPARISON.md +2 -2
  175. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/USER-MANUAL.md +14 -14
  176. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/specs/system/memory-adoption-strategy.md +105 -0
  177. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/FAQ.md +132 -0
  178. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/GETTING-STARTED.md +144 -0
  179. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/GLOSSARY.md +178 -0
  180. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/README.md +70 -0
  181. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/docs/user/TROUBLESHOOTING.md +190 -0
  182. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/github-copilot/COPILOT-CHAT-REFERENCE.md +1 -1
  183. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/github-copilot/README.md +1 -1
  184. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/github-copilot/skills-mapping.md +3 -3
  185. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/integrations/opencode/skills-mapping.md +3 -3
  186. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/methodologies/guides/sdd-guide.md +836 -0
  187. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/changelog/auto-generated.md +166 -0
  188. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/changelog/keep-a-changelog.md +140 -0
  189. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/code-review/automated-review.md +214 -0
  190. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/code-review/pair-programming.md +166 -0
  191. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/code-review/pr-review.md +167 -0
  192. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/documentation/api-docs.md +191 -0
  193. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/documentation/markdown-docs.md +150 -0
  194. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/documentation/wiki-style.md +131 -0
  195. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/kotlin.md +144 -0
  196. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/php.md +168 -0
  197. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/ruby.md +156 -0
  198. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/rust.md +136 -0
  199. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/project-structure/swift.md +165 -0
  200. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/contract-testing.md +237 -0
  201. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/industry-pyramid.md +200 -0
  202. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/istqb-framework.md +144 -0
  203. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/performance-testing.md +251 -0
  204. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/options/testing/security-testing.md +192 -0
  205. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/README.md +89 -126
  206. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ac-coverage/SKILL.md +5 -7
  207. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/adr-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  208. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/code-architect.md +263 -0
  209. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/doc-writer.md +410 -0
  210. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/reviewer.md +357 -0
  211. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/spec-analyst.md +410 -0
  212. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/agents/test-specialist.md +368 -0
  213. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ai-collaboration-standards/SKILL.md +2 -2
  214. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ai-friendly-architecture/SKILL.md +2 -2
  215. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ai-instruction-standards/SKILL.md +1 -1
  216. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/atdd-assistant/acceptance-criteria-guide.md +1 -1
  217. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/atdd-assistant/atdd-workflow.md +3 -4
  218. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/audit-assistant/SKILL.md +2 -2
  219. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/bdd-assistant/guide.md +1 -2
  220. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/brainstorm-assistant/SKILL.md +109 -13
  221. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/brainstorm-assistant/guide.md +30 -8
  222. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/checkin-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  223. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/ci-cd-assistant/SKILL.md +50 -0
  224. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/code-review-assistant/SKILL.md +5 -5
  225. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/ac-coverage.md +1 -1
  226. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/atdd.md +3 -3
  227. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/bdd.md +2 -2
  228. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/brainstorm.md +26 -17
  229. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/{review.md → code-review.md} +4 -4
  230. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/derive-all.md +1 -1
  231. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/derive-atdd.md +1 -1
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  238. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commands/tdd.md +1 -1
  239. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/commit-standards/SKILL.md +1 -1
  240. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/contract-test-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  241. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/dev-methodology/SKILL.md +1 -1
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  245. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/dev-workflow-guide/SKILL.md +5 -5
  246. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/docs-generator/SKILL.md +1 -1
  247. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/e2e-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  248. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/incident-response-assistant/SKILL.md +2 -2
  249. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/journey-test-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  250. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/logging-guide/SKILL.md +146 -142
  251. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/migration-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  252. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/observability-assistant/guide.md +1 -1
  253. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/pr-automation-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  254. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/project-discovery/guide.md +2 -2
  255. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/reverse-engineer/SKILL.md +1 -1
  256. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/runbook-assistant/guide.md +1 -1
  257. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/security-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  258. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/skill-builder/SKILL.md +3 -3
  259. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/slo-assistant/guide.md +1 -1
  260. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/spec-derivation/SKILL.md +1 -1
  261. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/spec-derivation/guide.md +8 -9
  262. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/spec-driven-dev/SKILL.md +2 -2
  263. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/sweep/SKILL.md +1 -1
  264. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/tdd-assistant/SKILL.md +1 -1
  265. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/testing-guide/SKILL.md +2 -2
  266. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/testing-guide/testing-theory.md +2298 -0
  267. package/bundled/locales/zh-CN/skills/workflows/README.md +451 -0
  268. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/CHANGELOG.md +81 -6
  269. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/CLAUDE.md +1 -1
  270. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/MAINTENANCE.md +25 -2
  271. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/README.md +22 -9
  272. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/SECURITY.md +1 -1
  273. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/adoption/DAILY-WORKFLOW-GUIDE.md +2 -2
  274. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/ai/standards/versioning.ai.yaml +8 -48
  275. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/acceptance-criteria-traceability.md +4 -6
  276. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/accessibility-standards.md +1 -1
  277. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/adversarial-test.md +226 -0
  278. package/bundled/locales/zh-TW/core/agent-behavior-discipline.md +187 -0
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+ ---
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+ source: options/testing/istqb-framework.md
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+ source_version: 1.0.0
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+ translation_version: 1.0.0
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+ status: current
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+ ---
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+
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+ # ISTQB 測試框架
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+
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+ > **語言**: [English](../../../../options/testing/istqb-framework.md) | 繁體中文
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+
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+ **上層標準**: [Testing Completeness](../../core/test-completeness-dimensions.md)
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 概觀
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+
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+ ISTQB(International Software Testing Qualifications Board,國際軟體測試認證委員會)測試框架提供標準化的四層測試模型。它具備正式的結構、明確的文件要求,並在企業環境中廣泛採用。
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+
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+ ## 最適用情境
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+
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+ - 需要正式 QA 流程的企業專案
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+ - 需要認證或合規的專案
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+ - 設有專責 QA 團隊的組織
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+ - 瀑布式或混合式開發方法論
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+ - 具備嚴格稽核要求的專案
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+
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+ ## 測試層級(Testing Levels)
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+
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+ ### 1. 單元測試(Unit Testing, UT)
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+
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+ | 面向 | 說明 |
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+ |--------|---------|
34
+ | **ISTQB 術語** | Component Testing(元件測試) |
35
+ | **定義** | 隔離地測試個別軟體元件 |
36
+ | **目的** | 驗證程式碼單元是否正確運作 |
37
+ | **執行者** | 開發人員 |
38
+
39
+ ### 2. 整合測試(Integration Testing, IT/SIT)
40
+
41
+ | 面向 | 說明 |
42
+ |--------|---------|
43
+ | **ISTQB 術語** | Integration Testing(整合測試) |
44
+ | **縮寫** | IT 或 SIT |
45
+ | **定義** | 測試已整合元件之間的介面與互動 |
46
+ | **目的** | 驗證元件之間的互動 |
47
+ | **執行者** | 開發人員或 QA |
48
+
49
+ **注意:**
50
+ - IT(Integration Testing,整合測試):常見於 Agile/DevOps 環境
51
+ - SIT(System Integration Testing,系統整合測試):常見於 Enterprise/ISTQB 情境
52
+ - 兩個術語指的是同一個測試層級
53
+
54
+ ### 3. 系統測試(System Testing, ST)
55
+
56
+ | 面向 | 說明 |
57
+ |--------|---------|
58
+ | **ISTQB 術語** | System Testing(系統測試) |
59
+ | **定義** | 測試完整整合後的系統,以驗證其是否符合需求 |
60
+ | **目的** | 驗證系統是否滿足功能性與非功能性需求 |
61
+ | **執行者** | QA 團隊 |
62
+
63
+ ### 4. 驗收測試(Acceptance Testing, AT/UAT)
64
+
65
+ | 面向 | 說明 |
66
+ |--------|---------|
67
+ | **ISTQB 術語** | Acceptance Testing(驗收測試) |
68
+ | **縮寫** | AT 或 UAT |
69
+ | **定義** | 進行測試以判定系統是否滿足業務需求 |
70
+ | **目的** | 驗證系統是否符合業務需求 |
71
+ | **執行者** | 終端使用者或業務利害關係人 |
72
+
73
+ **子類型:**
74
+ - **使用者驗收測試(User Acceptance Testing, UAT):** 由實際使用者進行驗證
75
+ - **合約驗收測試(Contract Acceptance Testing):** 對照合約條件進行驗證
76
+ - **法規驗收測試(Regulatory Acceptance Testing):** 合規性驗證
77
+
78
+ ## 測試類型(Test Types)
79
+
80
+ ### 功能性測試(Functional Testing)
81
+
82
+ - 功能測試(Functional testing)
83
+ - 使用者介面測試(User interface testing)
84
+ - 回歸測試(Regression testing)
85
+
86
+ ### 非功能性測試(Non-Functional Testing)
87
+
88
+ - 效能測試(Performance testing)
89
+ - 安全測試(Security testing)
90
+ - 可用性測試(Usability testing)
91
+ - 可靠性測試(Reliability testing)
92
+
93
+ ## 何時選擇 ISTQB
94
+
95
+ **適合選擇的情況:**
96
+ - 需要正式的測試文件
97
+ - 與 QA 認證機構合作
98
+ - 具備合規要求的企業環境
99
+ - 團隊中包含 ISTQB 認證的專業人員
100
+ - 重視稽核軌跡(audit trail)
101
+
102
+ **應避免的情況:**
103
+ - 以快速迭代為優先
104
+ - 沒有專責 QA 的小型團隊
105
+ - 純 DevOps/持續交付(Continuous Delivery)導向
106
+ - 在意文件開銷(documentation overhead)
107
+
108
+ ## 與 Industry Pyramid 的比較
109
+
110
+ | ISTQB 層級 | 業界對應 | 主要差異 |
111
+ |-------------|---------------------|----------------|
112
+ | Unit Testing | Unit Testing (UT) | 概念相同 |
113
+ | Integration Testing | Integration Testing (IT/SIT) | 概念相同,縮寫慣例不同 |
114
+ | System Testing | 通常與 E2E 合併 | ISTQB 將系統驗證與使用者驗收分開 |
115
+ | Acceptance Testing | E2E 的一部分 | ISTQB 設有專屬層級進行業務驗證 |
116
+
117
+ ## 規則
118
+
119
+ | 規則 | 說明 | 優先級 |
120
+ |------|-------------|----------|
121
+ | 四層結構 | 採用 4 個層級:UT → IT/SIT → ST → AT/UAT,並設有進入/退出條件(entry/exit criteria) | Required |
122
+ | 需求可追溯性 | 每個測試案例應可追溯至某項需求 | Required |
123
+ | 缺陷分類 | 依 ISTQB 準則按嚴重性(severity)與優先級(priority)分類缺陷 | Recommended |
124
+
125
+ ## 相關選項
126
+
127
+ - [Industry Pyramid](./industry-pyramid.md) - Agile 三層測試模型
128
+ - [Unit Testing](./unit-testing.md) - 詳細的單元測試實務
129
+ - [System Testing](./system-testing.md) - 系統測試實務
130
+
131
+ ---
132
+
133
+ ## 參考資料
134
+
135
+ - [ISTQB Glossary v4.0](https://glossary.istqb.org)
136
+ - [ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus](https://www.istqb.org/certifications/certified-tester-foundation-level)
137
+
138
+ ---
139
+
140
+ ## 授權
141
+
142
+ 本文件以 [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 授權發布。
143
+
144
+ **來源**: [universal-dev-standards](https://github.com/AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards)
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
1
+ ---
2
+ source: options/testing/performance-testing.md
3
+ source_version: 1.0.0
4
+ translation_version: 1.0.0
5
+ status: current
6
+ ---
7
+ # 效能測試(Performance Testing)
8
+
9
+ > **語言**: [English](../../../../options/testing/performance-testing.md) | 繁體中文
10
+
11
+ **上層標準**: [測試完整性](../../core/test-completeness-dimensions.md)
12
+
13
+ ---
14
+
15
+ ## 概觀
16
+
17
+ 效能測試驗證應用程式在各種負載條件下是否符合速度、可擴展性與穩定性需求。它有助於找出瓶頸,並確保系統能承受預期的流量。
18
+
19
+ ## 最適用於
20
+
21
+ - 高流量應用程式
22
+ - 即時系統
23
+ - 電子商務平台
24
+ - API 與微服務
25
+ - 資料庫密集型應用程式
26
+
27
+ ## 測試類型
28
+
29
+ ### Load Testing(負載測試)
30
+
31
+ 測試系統在預期負載下的行為。
32
+
33
+ | 面向 | 細節 |
34
+ |--------|---------|
35
+ | **目的** | 驗證系統能處理正常流量 |
36
+ | **指標** | 回應時間(P50、P95、P99)、Throughput(TPS/RPS)、錯誤率 |
37
+
38
+ **工具:**
39
+
40
+ | 工具 | 類型 | 語言 |
41
+ |------|------|----------|
42
+ | k6 | 開源 | JavaScript |
43
+ | JMeter | 開源 | Java/XML |
44
+ | Gatling | 開源 | Scala |
45
+ | Locust | 開源 | Python |
46
+
47
+ ### Stress Testing(壓力測試)
48
+
49
+ 測試系統在超出正常負載下的行為。
50
+
51
+ | 面向 | 細節 |
52
+ |--------|---------|
53
+ | **目的** | 找出崩潰點與失效模式 |
54
+ | **指標** | 最大容量、劣化曲線、復原時間 |
55
+
56
+ **做法:**
57
+ - 逐步增加負載
58
+ - 監控錯誤與效能下降
59
+ - 找出瓶頸
60
+ - 記錄失效門檻
61
+
62
+ ### Spike Testing(尖峰測試)
63
+
64
+ 測試流量突然增加的情況。
65
+
66
+ | 面向 | 細節 |
67
+ |--------|---------|
68
+ | **目的** | 驗證對流量尖峰的處理能力 |
69
+ | **情境** | 限時搶購、爆紅內容、行銷活動、特定時段事件 |
70
+
71
+ ### Soak Testing(耐久測試 / Endurance Testing)
72
+
73
+ 測試系統在長時間運作下的穩定性。
74
+
75
+ | 面向 | 細節 |
76
+ |--------|---------|
77
+ | **目的** | 找出 memory leak 與效能劣化 |
78
+ | **持續時間** | 數小時到數天 |
79
+
80
+ **需留意:**
81
+ - Memory leak
82
+ - Connection pool 耗盡
83
+ - 日誌檔成長
84
+ - 效能逐漸劣化
85
+
86
+ ### Capacity Testing(容量測試)
87
+
88
+ 判定系統的最大容量。
89
+
90
+ | 面向 | 細節 |
91
+ |--------|---------|
92
+ | **目的** | 規劃擴展與基礎設施 |
93
+ | **產出** | 使用者容量上限、資源需求、擴展門檻 |
94
+
95
+ ## 關鍵指標
96
+
97
+ ### Latency(延遲)
98
+
99
+ | 百分位數 | 描述 | 目標 |
100
+ |------------|-------------|--------|
101
+ | P50 | 中位數回應時間 | 基準值 |
102
+ | P95 | 第 95 百分位數 | 基準值的 2–3 倍 |
103
+ | P99 | 第 99 百分位數 | 最多基準值的 5 倍 |
104
+
105
+ **注意:** 對使用者體驗而言,P99 往往比平均值更重要。
106
+
107
+ ### Throughput(吞吐量)
108
+
109
+ | 量測 | 描述 |
110
+ |-------------|-------------|
111
+ | TPS | 每秒交易數(Transactions Per Second) |
112
+ | RPS | 每秒請求數(Requests Per Second) |
113
+ | QPS | 每秒查詢數(Queries Per Second) |
114
+
115
+ ### 錯誤率
116
+
117
+ | 等級 | 目標 |
118
+ |-------|--------|
119
+ | 可接受 | < 0.1% |
120
+ | 劣化 | < 1% |
121
+ | 危急 | > 1% |
122
+
123
+ ### 資源使用率
124
+
125
+ - CPU 使用率
126
+ - 記憶體使用率
127
+ - 網路 I/O
128
+ - 磁碟 I/O
129
+ - Connection pool 使用率
130
+
131
+ ## Service Level Objectives(服務等級目標)
132
+
133
+ 定義可量測的效能目標:
134
+
135
+ ```yaml
136
+ latency_slo: "P99 latency < 200ms"
137
+ availability_slo: "99.9% uptime"
138
+ throughput_slo: "1000 RPS sustained"
139
+ error_slo: "Error rate < 0.1%"
140
+ ```
141
+
142
+ **注意:** SLO 應以使用者需求為基礎,而非系統能力。
143
+
144
+ ## 測試階段
145
+
146
+ | 階段 | 描述 | 持續時間 |
147
+ |-------|-------------|----------|
148
+ | **1. 基準(Baseline)** | 在最小負載下建立目前的效能基準 | 1–2 天 |
149
+ | **2. 負載(Load)** | 模擬預期流量,驗證是否符合 SLO | 2–3 天 |
150
+ | **3. 壓力(Stress)** | 增加負載直到失效,記錄崩潰點 | 1–2 天 |
151
+ | **4. 耐久(Soak)** | 執行 24–72 小時,監控效能劣化 | 1–3 天 |
152
+
153
+ ## CI 整合
154
+
155
+ ### k6 範例
156
+
157
+ ```javascript
158
+ import http from 'k6/http';
159
+ import { check, sleep } from 'k6';
160
+
161
+ export const options = {
162
+ stages: [
163
+ { duration: '30s', target: 10 },
164
+ { duration: '1m', target: 10 },
165
+ { duration: '30s', target: 0 },
166
+ ],
167
+ thresholds: {
168
+ http_req_duration: ['p(95)<500'],
169
+ http_req_failed: ['rate<0.01'],
170
+ },
171
+ };
172
+
173
+ export default function () {
174
+ const res = http.get('https://api.example.com/health');
175
+ check(res, { 'status 200': (r) => r.status === 200 });
176
+ sleep(1);
177
+ }
178
+ ```
179
+
180
+ ### GitHub Actions
181
+
182
+ ```yaml
183
+ name: Performance Test
184
+ on:
185
+ pull_request:
186
+ branches: [main]
187
+ jobs:
188
+ k6:
189
+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
190
+ steps:
191
+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
192
+ - name: Run k6 test
193
+ uses: grafana/k6-action@v0.3.1
194
+ with:
195
+ filename: tests/performance/load-test.js
196
+ ```
197
+
198
+ ## 規則
199
+
200
+ | 規則 | 描述 | 優先級 |
201
+ |------|-------------|----------|
202
+ | 先建立基準 | 在最佳化前先建立基準指標 | 必要 |
203
+ | 真實資料 | 使用接近正式環境的資料量與模式 | 必要 |
204
+ | 隔離環境 | 使用隔離環境以避免干擾 | 必要 |
205
+ | 漸進負載 | 逐步增加負載以找出門檻 | 建議 |
206
+ | 監控資源 | 監控所有系統資源(CPU、記憶體、I/O) | 必要 |
207
+ | 聚焦百分位數 | 聚焦於 P95/P99 latency,而非平均值 | 必要 |
208
+ | 回歸測試 | 在 CI/CD 中納入效能回歸測試 | 建議 |
209
+
210
+ ## 快速參考
211
+
212
+ ### 測試類型
213
+
214
+ | 類型 | 目的 | 持續時間 | 時機 |
215
+ |------|---------|----------|------|
216
+ | Load | 正常流量 | 數分鐘 | 每次發版 |
217
+ | Stress | 崩潰點 | 數小時 | 重大發版 |
218
+ | Spike | 突然增加 | 數分鐘 | 視情況需要 |
219
+ | Soak | 長期穩定性 | 數天 | 每季 |
220
+ | Capacity | 最大容量 | 數小時 | 規劃時 |
221
+
222
+ ### 關鍵指標
223
+
224
+ | 指標 | 量測內容 | 目標 |
225
+ |--------|-----------------|--------|
226
+ | P50 Latency | 中位數回應 | 基準值 |
227
+ | P95 Latency | 典型最差情況 | 基準值的 2–3 倍 |
228
+ | P99 Latency | 極端情況 | 最多基準值的 5 倍 |
229
+ | Throughput | 每秒請求數 | 依 SLO 定義 |
230
+ | 錯誤率 | 失敗的請求 | < 0.1% |
231
+
232
+ ## 相關選項
233
+
234
+ - [單元測試](./unit-testing.md) - 單元測試實務
235
+ - [安全測試](./security-testing.md) - 安全測試實務
236
+
237
+ ---
238
+
239
+ ## 參考資料
240
+
241
+ - [ISTQB Performance Testing](https://www.istqb.org/)
242
+ - [Google SRE Book](https://sre.google/sre-book/table-of-contents/)
243
+ - [k6 Documentation](https://k6.io/docs/)
244
+
245
+ ---
246
+
247
+ ## 授權
248
+
249
+ 本文件以 [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 授權釋出。
250
+
251
+ **來源**: [universal-dev-standards](https://github.com/AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards)
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
1
+ ---
2
+ source: options/testing/security-testing.md
3
+ source_version: 1.0.0
4
+ translation_version: 1.0.0
5
+ status: current
6
+ ---
7
+ # 安全測試(Security Testing)
8
+
9
+ > **語言**: [English](../../../../options/testing/security-testing.md) | 繁體中文
10
+
11
+ **上層標準**: [測試完整性(Testing Completeness)](../../core/test-completeness-dimensions.md)
12
+
13
+ ---
14
+
15
+ ## 概觀
16
+
17
+ 安全測試(security testing)在弱點被利用之前,先找出應用程式中的漏洞。它涵蓋靜態分析(static analysis)、動態測試(dynamic testing)、相依套件掃描(dependency scanning)與滲透測試(penetration testing),以確保全面的安全覆蓋。
18
+
19
+ ## 最適用於
20
+
21
+ - 處理敏感資料的應用程式
22
+ - 金融服務
23
+ - 醫療照護應用程式
24
+ - 電子商務平台
25
+ - 任何對外公開的應用程式
26
+
27
+ ## 測試類型
28
+
29
+ ### 靜態應用程式安全測試(SAST)
30
+
31
+ 不執行程式的情況下分析原始碼。
32
+
33
+ | 面向 | 細節 |
34
+ |--------|---------|
35
+ | **何時使用** | 開發早期、CI/CD pipeline |
36
+
37
+ **工具:**
38
+
39
+ | 工具 | 語言 |
40
+ |------|-----------|
41
+ | SonarQube | 多語言 |
42
+ | Semgrep | 多語言 |
43
+ | CodeQL | 多語言 |
44
+ | Bandit | Python |
45
+ | Brakeman | Ruby |
46
+ | ESLint security plugins | JavaScript/TypeScript |
47
+
48
+ ### 動態應用程式安全測試(DAST)
49
+
50
+ 針對運行中的應用程式測試漏洞。
51
+
52
+ | 面向 | 細節 |
53
+ |--------|---------|
54
+ | **何時使用** | Staging 環境、預備上線(pre-production) |
55
+
56
+ **工具:**
57
+
58
+ | 工具 | 類型 |
59
+ |------|------|
60
+ | OWASP ZAP | 開源 |
61
+ | Burp Suite | 商業 |
62
+ | Nuclei | 開源 |
63
+ | Nikto | 開源 |
64
+
65
+ ### 軟體組成分析(SCA)
66
+
67
+ 檢查相依套件是否存在已知漏洞。
68
+
69
+ | 面向 | 細節 |
70
+ |--------|---------|
71
+ | **何時使用** | 每次建置、持續監控 |
72
+
73
+ **工具:**
74
+
75
+ | 工具 | 類型 |
76
+ |------|------|
77
+ | Snyk | SaaS/CLI |
78
+ | Dependabot | GitHub 整合 |
79
+ | npm audit | CLI |
80
+ | OWASP Dependency-Check | 開源 |
81
+
82
+ ### 滲透測試(Penetration Testing)
83
+
84
+ 由安全專業人員執行的模擬攻擊。
85
+
86
+ | 面向 | 細節 |
87
+ |--------|---------|
88
+ | **何時使用** | 重大發布前、每年一次 |
89
+
90
+ **類型:**
91
+ - **黑箱(Black box):** 無事先資訊
92
+ - **白箱(White box):** 完整存取權限
93
+ - **灰箱(Grey box):** 部分資訊
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+
95
+ ### 機密掃描(Secret Scanning)
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+
97
+ 偵測外洩的憑證與機密資訊。
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+
99
+ **工具:**
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+
101
+ | 工具 | 類型 |
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+ |------|------|
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+ | GitLeaks | 開源 |
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+ | TruffleHog | 開源 |
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+ | GitHub Secret Scanning | GitHub 整合 |
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+
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+ ## OWASP Top 10(2021)
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+
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+ | ID | 風險 | 測試重點 |
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+ |----|------|------------|
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+ | A01 | 失效的存取控制(Broken Access Control) | 授權檢查、權限提升 |
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+ | A02 | 加密失效(Cryptographic Failures) | 加密、金鑰管理、資料外洩 |
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+ | A03 | 注入(Injection) | SQL、NoSQL、OS、LDAP injection |
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+ | A04 | 不安全的設計(Insecure Design) | 安全需求、威脅建模(threat modeling) |
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+ | A05 | 安全設定錯誤(Security Misconfiguration) | 預設設定、不必要的功能 |
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+ | A06 | 易受攻擊的元件(Vulnerable Components) | 過時的相依套件、已知 CVE |
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+ | A07 | 身分驗證失效(Authentication Failures) | Session 管理、憑證填充(credential stuffing) |
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+ | A08 | 軟體與資料完整性失效(Software and Data Integrity Failures) | CI/CD pipeline 安全、序列化(serialization) |
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+ | A09 | 安全日誌與監控失效(Security Logging and Monitoring Failures) | 稽核日誌、警示 |
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+ | A10 | 伺服器端請求偽造(Server-Side Request Forgery) | URL 驗證、網路分段(network segmentation) |
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+
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+ ## CI 整合
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+
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+ ### GitHub Actions 範例
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+
126
+ ```yaml
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+ name: Security Scan
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+ on: [push, pull_request]
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+ jobs:
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+ sast:
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+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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+ steps:
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+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
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+ - name: Run Semgrep
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+ uses: semgrep/semgrep-action@v1
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+
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+ dependency-scan:
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+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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+ steps:
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+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
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+ - name: Run Snyk
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+ uses: snyk/actions/node@master
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+
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+ secret-scan:
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+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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+ steps:
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+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
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+ - name: Run Gitleaks
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+ uses: gitleaks/gitleaks-action@v2
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+ ```
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+
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+ ## 規則
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+
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+ | 規則 | 描述 | 優先級 |
155
+ |------|-------------|----------|
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+ | CI 中的 SAST | 在每條建置 pipeline 中納入 SAST | 必要 |
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+ | 相依套件掃描 | 掃描所有相依套件的漏洞 | 必要 |
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+ | 機密掃描 | 在 push 之前掃描外洩的機密資訊 | 必要 |
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+ | DAST staging | 針對 staging 環境執行 DAST | 建議 |
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+ | 年度滲透測試 | 至少每年進行一次滲透測試 | 建議 |
161
+ | OWASP 檢查清單 | 在測試計畫中涵蓋所有 OWASP Top 10 風險 | 必要 |
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+
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+ ## 快速參考
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+
165
+ | 類型 | 縮寫 | 何時 | 工具 |
166
+ |------|--------------|------|-------|
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+ | 靜態分析 | SAST | CI/CD | SonarQube, Semgrep |
168
+ | 動態分析 | DAST | Staging | OWASP ZAP, Burp |
169
+ | 相依套件掃描 | SCA | 每次建置 | Snyk, Dependabot |
170
+ | 滲透測試 | Pentest | 每年 | 手動/專業人員 |
171
+ | 機密掃描 | - | Pre-commit | GitLeaks, TruffleHog |
172
+
173
+ ## 相關選項
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+
175
+ - [效能測試(Performance Testing)](./performance-testing.md) - 效能測試實踐
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+ - [單元測試(Unit Testing)](./unit-testing.md) - 單元測試實踐
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+
178
+ ---
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+
180
+ ## 參考資料
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+
182
+ - [OWASP Testing Guide](https://owasp.org/www-project-web-security-testing-guide/)
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+ - [OWASP Top 10](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/)
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+ - [NIST SP 800-115](https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-115/final)
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+
186
+ ---
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+
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+ ## 授權
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+
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+ 本文件依 [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 授權釋出。
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+
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+ **來源**: [universal-dev-standards](https://github.com/AsiaOstrich/universal-dev-standards)