typia 5.0.0-dev.2023084 → 5.0.0

package/src/programmers/json/JsonStringifyProgrammer.ts

@@ -1,995 +1,964 @@
-import ts from "typescript";
-
-import { ExpressionFactory } from "../../factories/ExpressionFactory";
-import { IdentifierFactory } from "../../factories/IdentifierFactory";
-import { MetadataCollection } from "../../factories/MetadataCollection";
-import { MetadataFactory } from "../../factories/MetadataFactory";
-import { StatementFactory } from "../../factories/StatementFactory";
-import { TypeFactory } from "../../factories/TypeFactory";
-import { ValueFactory } from "../../factories/ValueFactory";
-
-import { IJsDocTagInfo } from "../../schemas/metadata/IJsDocTagInfo";
-import { IMetadataTag } from "../../schemas/metadata/IMetadataTag";
-import { Metadata } from "../../schemas/metadata/Metadata";
-import { MetadataArray } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataArray";
-import { MetadataObject } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataObject";
-import { MetadataTuple } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataTuple";
-
-import { IProject } from "../../transformers/IProject";
-
-import { Atomic } from "../../typings/Atomic";
-
-import { ArrayUtil } from "../../utils/ArrayUtil";
-
-import { FeatureProgrammer } from "../FeatureProgrammer";
-import { IsProgrammer } from "../IsProgrammer";
-import { AtomicPredicator } from "../helpers/AtomicPredicator";
-import { FunctionImporter } from "../helpers/FunctionImporeter";
-import { IExpressionEntry } from "../helpers/IExpressionEntry";
-import { OptionPredicator } from "../helpers/OptionPredicator";
-import { StringifyJoiner } from "../helpers/StringifyJoinder";
-import { StringifyPredicator } from "../helpers/StringifyPredicator";
-import { UnionExplorer } from "../helpers/UnionExplorer";
-import { check_native } from "../internal/check_native";
-import { decode_union_object } from "../internal/decode_union_object";
-import { feature_object_entries } from "../internal/feature_object_entries";
-import { wrap_metadata_rest_tuple } from "../internal/wrap_metadata_rest_tuple";
-
-export namespace JsonStringifyProgrammer {
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        WRITER
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-    export const write =
-        (project: IProject) => (modulo: ts.LeftHandSideExpression) => {
-            const importer: FunctionImporter = new FunctionImporter(
-                modulo.getText(),
-            );
-            const config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig =
-                configure(project)(importer);
-
-            return FeatureProgrammer.write(project)({
-                ...config,
-                addition: (collection) => [
-                    ...IsProgrammer.write_function_statements(project)(
-                        importer,
-                    )(collection),
-                    ...importer.declare(modulo),
-                ],
-            })(importer);
-        };
-
-    const write_array_functions =
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (collection: MetadataCollection): ts.VariableStatement[] =>
-            collection
-                .arrays()
-                .filter((a) => a.recursive)
-                .map((array, i) =>
-                    StatementFactory.constant(
-                        `${config.prefix}a${i}`,
-                        ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
-                            undefined,
-                            undefined,
-                            FeatureProgrammer.parameterDeclarations(config)(
-                                TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
-                            )(ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")),
-                            TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
-                            undefined,
-                            decode_array_inline(config)(importer)(
-                                ts.factory.createIdentifier("input"),
-                                array,
-                                {
-                                    tracable: config.trace,
-                                    source: "function",
-                                    from: "array",
-                                    postfix: "",
-                                },
-                            ),
-                        ),
-                    ),
-                );
-
-    const write_tuple_functions =
-        (project: IProject) =>
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (collection: MetadataCollection): ts.VariableStatement[] =>
-            collection
-                .tuples()
-                .filter((t) => t.recursive)
-                .map((tuple, i) =>
-                    StatementFactory.constant(
-                        `${config.prefix}t${i}`,
-                        ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
-                            undefined,
-                            undefined,
-                            FeatureProgrammer.parameterDeclarations(config)(
-                                TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
-                            )(ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")),
-                            TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
-                            undefined,
-                            decode_tuple_inline(project)(config)(importer)(
-                                ts.factory.createIdentifier("input"),
-                                tuple,
-                                {
-                                    tracable: config.trace,
-                                    source: "function",
-                                    from: "array",
-                                    postfix: "",
-                                },
-                            ),
-                        ),
-                    ),
-                );
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        DECODERS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    const decode =
-        (project: IProject) =>
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            meta: Metadata,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ): ts.Expression => {
-            // ANY TYPE
-            if (meta.any === true)
-                return wrap_required(
-                    input,
-                    meta,
-                    explore,
-                )(
-                    wrap_functional(
-                        input,
-                        meta,
-                        explore,
-                    )(
-                        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                            ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
-                            undefined,
-                            [input],
-                        ),
-                    ),
-                );
-
-            // ONLY NULL OR UNDEFINED
-            const size: number = meta.size();
-            if (
-                size === 0 &&
-                (meta.isRequired() === false || meta.nullable === true)
-            ) {
-                if (meta.isRequired() === false && meta.nullable === true)
-                    return explore.from === "array"
-                        ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
-                        : ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
-                              ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
-                                  ts.factory.createNull(),
-                                  input,
-                              ),
-                              undefined,
-                              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null"),
-                              undefined,
-                              ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
-                          );
-                else if (meta.isRequired() === false)
-                    return explore.from === "array"
-                        ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
-                        : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined");
-                else return ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null");
-            }
-
-            //----
-            // LIST UP UNION TYPES
-            //----
-            const unions: IUnion[] = [];
-
-            // toJSON() METHOD
-            if (meta.escaped !== null)
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "resolved",
-                    is: () => IsProgrammer.decode_to_json(false)(input),
-                    value: () =>
-                        decode_to_json(project)(config)(importer)(
-                            input,
-                            meta.escaped!.returns,
-                            explore,
-                        ),
-                });
-            else if (meta.functional === true)
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "functional",
-                    is: () => IsProgrammer.decode_functional(input),
-                    value: () => decode_functional(explore),
-                });
-
-            // TEMPLATES
-            if (
-                meta.templates.length ||
-                ArrayUtil.has(meta.constants, (c) => c.type === "string")
-            )
-                if (AtomicPredicator.template(meta)) {
-                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                    partial.atomics.push({ type: "string", tags: [] }),
-                        unions.push({
-                            type: "template literal",
-                            is: () =>
-                                IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
-                                    input,
-                                    partial,
-                                    explore,
-                                    [],
-                                    [],
-                                ),
-                            value: () =>
-                                decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
-                                    input,
-                                    "string",
-                                    explore,
-                                ),
-                        });
-                }
-
-            // CONSTANTS
-            for (const constant of meta.constants)
-                if (AtomicPredicator.constant(meta)(constant.type) === false)
-                    continue;
-                else if (constant.type !== "string")
-                    unions.push({
-                        type: "atomic",
-                        is: () =>
-                            IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
-                                input,
-                                (() => {
-                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                                    partial.atomics.push({
-                                        type: constant.type,
-                                        tags: [],
-                                    });
-                                    return partial;
-                                })(),
-                                explore,
-                                [],
-                                [],
-                            ),
-                        value: () =>
-                            decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
-                                input,
-                                constant.type,
-                                explore,
-                            ),
-                    });
-                else if (meta.templates.length === 0)
-                    unions.push({
-                        type: "const string",
-                        is: () =>
-                            IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
-                                input,
-                                (() => {
-                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                                    partial.atomics.push({
-                                        type: "string",
-                                        tags: [],
-                                    });
-                                    return partial;
-                                })(),
-                                explore,
-                                [],
-                                [],
-                            ),
-                        value: () =>
-                            decode_constant_string(project)(importer)(
-                                input,
-                                [...constant.values] as string[],
-                                explore,
-                            ),
-                    });
-
-            /// ATOMICS
-            for (const a of meta.atomics)
-                if (AtomicPredicator.atomic(meta)(a.type))
-                    unions.push({
-                        type: "atomic",
-                        is: () =>
-                            IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
-                                input,
-                                (() => {
-                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                                    partial.atomics.push(a);
-                                    return partial;
-                                })(),
-                                explore,
-                                [],
-                                [],
-                            ),
-                        value: () =>
-                            decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
-                                input,
-                                a.type,
-                                explore,
-                            ),
-                    });
-
-            // TUPLES
-            for (const tuple of meta.tuples) {
-                for (const child of tuple.elements)
-                    if (StringifyPredicator.undefindable(meta))
-                        throw new Error(
-                            `Error on typia.json.stringify(): tuple cannot contain undefined value - (${child.getName()}).`,
-                        );
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "tuple",
-                    is: () =>
-                        IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
-                            input,
-                            (() => {
-                                const partial = Metadata.initialize();
-                                partial.tuples.push(tuple);
-                                return partial;
-                            })(),
-                            explore,
-                            [],
-                            [],
-                        ),
-                    value: () =>
-                        decode_tuple(project)(config)(importer)(
-                            input,
-                            tuple,
-                            explore,
-                        ),
-                });
-            }
-
-            // ARRAYS
-            if (meta.arrays.length) {
-                for (const child of meta.arrays)
-                    if (StringifyPredicator.undefindable(child.value))
-                        throw new Error(
-                            `Error on typia.json.stringify(): array cannot contain undefined value (${child.value.getName()}).`,
-                        );
-                const value: () => ts.Expression =
-                    meta.arrays.length === 1
-                        ? () =>
-                              decode_array(config)(importer)(
-                                  input,
-                                  meta.arrays[0]!,
-                                  {
-                                      ...explore,
-                                      from: "array",
-                                  },
-                              )
-                        : meta.arrays.some((elem) => elem.value.any)
-                        ? () =>
-                              ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                                  ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
-                                  undefined,
-                                  [input],
-                              )
-                        : () =>
-                              explore_arrays(project)(config)(importer)(
-                                  input,
-                                  meta.arrays,
-                                  {
-                                      ...explore,
-                                      from: "array",
-                                  },
-                              );
-
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "array",
-                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isArray(input),
-                    value,
-                });
-            }
-
-            // BUILT-IN CLASSES
-            if (meta.natives.length)
-                for (const native of meta.natives)
-                    unions.push({
-                        type: "object",
-                        is: () => check_native(native)(input),
-                        value: () =>
-                            AtomicPredicator.native(native)
-                                ? decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
-                                      input,
-                                      native.toLowerCase() as Atomic.Literal,
-                                      explore,
-                                  )
-                                : ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
-                    });
-
-            // SETS
-            if (meta.sets.length)
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "object",
-                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf("Set")(input),
-                    value: () => ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
-                });
-
-            // MAPS
-            if (meta.maps.length)
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "object",
-                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf("Map")(input),
-                    value: () => ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
-                });
-
-            // OBJECTS
-            if (meta.objects.length)
-                unions.push({
-                    type: "object",
-                    is: () =>
-                        ExpressionFactory.isObject({
-                            checkNull: true,
-                            checkArray: meta.objects.some((obj) =>
-                                obj.properties.every(
-                                    (prop) =>
-                                        !prop.key.isSoleLiteral() ||
-                                        !prop.value.isRequired(),
-                                ),
-                            ),
-                        })(input),
-                    value: () =>
-                        meta.isParentResolved() === false &&
-                        meta.objects.length === 1 &&
-                        meta.objects[0]!._Is_simple(
-                            explore.from === "top" ? 0 : 1,
-                        )
-                            ? (() => {
-                                  const obj: MetadataObject = meta.objects[0]!;
-                                  const entries: IExpressionEntry<ts.Expression>[] =
-                                      feature_object_entries({
-                                          decoder: () =>
-                                              decode(project)(config)(importer),
-                                          trace: false,
-                                          path: false,
-                                      })(importer)(obj)(
-                                          ts.factory.createAsExpression(
-                                              input,
-                                              TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
-                                          ),
-                                      );
-                                  return StringifyJoiner.object(importer)(
-                                      ts.factory.createAsExpression(
-                                          input,
-                                          TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
-                                      ),
-                                      entries,
-                                  );
-                              })()
-                            : explore_objects(config)(importer)(input, meta, {
-                                  ...explore,
-                                  from: "object",
-                              }),
-                });
-
-            //----
-            // RETURNS
-            //----
-            // CHECK NULL AND UNDEFINED
-            const wrapper = (output: ts.Expression) =>
-                wrap_required(
-                    input,
-                    meta,
-                    explore,
-                )(wrap_nullable(input, meta)(output));
-
-            // DIRECT RETURN
-            if (unions.length === 0)
-                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
-                    undefined,
-                    [input],
-                );
-            else if (unions.length === 1) return wrapper(unions[0]!.value());
-
-            // RETURN WITH TYPE CHECKING
-            return wrapper(
-                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
-                        undefined,
-                        undefined,
-                        [],
-                        undefined,
-                        undefined,
-                        iterate(importer, input, unions, meta.getName()),
-                    ),
-                    undefined,
-                    undefined,
-                ),
-            );
-        };
-
-    const decode_object = (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        FeatureProgrammer.decode_object({
-            trace: false,
-            path: false,
-            prefix: PREFIX,
-        })(importer);
-
-    const decode_array =
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            array: MetadataArray,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ) =>
-            array.recursive
-                ? ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                      ts.factory.createIdentifier(
-                          importer.useLocal(`${config.prefix}a${array.index}`),
-                      ),
-                      undefined,
-                      FeatureProgrammer.argumentsArray(config)({
-                          ...explore,
-                          source: "function",
-                          from: "array",
-                      })(input),
-                  )
-                : decode_array_inline(config)(importer)(input, array, explore);
-
-    const decode_array_inline =
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            array: MetadataArray,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ) =>
-            FeatureProgrammer.decode_array(config)(importer)(
-                StringifyJoiner.array,
-            )(input, array, explore, [], []);
-
-    const decode_tuple =
-        (project: IProject) =>
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            tuple: MetadataTuple,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ): ts.Expression =>
-            tuple.recursive
-                ? ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                      ts.factory.createIdentifier(
-                          importer.useLocal(`${config.prefix}t${tuple.index}`),
-                      ),
-                      undefined,
-                      FeatureProgrammer.argumentsArray(config)({
-                          ...explore,
-                          source: "function",
-                      })(input),
-                  )
-                : decode_tuple_inline(project)(config)(importer)(
-                      input,
-                      tuple,
-                      explore,
-                  );
-
-    const decode_tuple_inline =
-        (project: IProject) =>
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            tuple: MetadataTuple,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ): ts.Expression => {
-            const children: ts.Expression[] = tuple.elements
-                .filter((elem) => elem.rest === null)
-                .map((elem, index) =>
-                    decode(project)(config)(importer)(
-                        ts.factory.createElementAccessExpression(input, index),
-                        elem,
-                        {
-                            ...explore,
-                            from: "array",
-                            postfix: explore.postfix.length
-                                ? `${explore.postfix.slice(0, -1)}[${index}]"`
-                                : `"[${index}]"`,
-                        },
-                    ),
-                );
-            const rest = (() => {
-                if (tuple.elements.length === 0) return null;
-                const last = tuple.elements.at(-1)!;
-                if (last.rest === null) return null;
-
-                const code = decode(project)(config)(importer)(
-                    ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                        IdentifierFactory.access(input)("slice"),
-                        undefined,
-                        [
-                            ts.factory.createNumericLiteral(
-                                tuple.elements.length - 1,
-                            ),
-                        ],
-                    ),
-                    wrap_metadata_rest_tuple(tuple.elements.at(-1)!.rest!),
-                    {
-                        ...explore,
-                        start: tuple.elements.length - 1,
-                    },
-                );
-                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    importer.use("rest"),
-                    undefined,
-                    [code],
-                );
-            })();
-            return StringifyJoiner.tuple(children, rest);
-        };
-
-    const decode_atomic =
-        (project: IProject) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            type: string,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ) => {
-            if (type === "string")
-                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    importer.use("string"),
-                    undefined,
-                    [input],
-                );
-            else if (
-                type === "number" &&
-                OptionPredicator.numeric(project.options)
-            )
-                input = ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    importer.use("number"),
-                    undefined,
-                    [input],
-                );
-
-            return explore.from !== "top"
-                ? input
-                : ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                      IdentifierFactory.access(input)("toString"),
-                      undefined,
-                      undefined,
-                  );
-        };
-
-    const decode_constant_string =
-        (project: IProject) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            values: string[],
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ): ts.Expression => {
-            if (values.every((v) => !StringifyPredicator.require_escape(v)))
-                return [
-                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
-                    input,
-                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
-                ].reduce((x, y) => ts.factory.createAdd(x, y));
-            else
-                return decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
-                    input,
-                    "string",
-                    explore,
-                );
-        };
-
-    const decode_to_json =
-        (project: IProject) =>
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            resolved: Metadata,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ): ts.Expression => {
-            return decode(project)(config)(importer)(
-                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    IdentifierFactory.access(input)("toJSON"),
-                    undefined,
-                    [],
-                ),
-                resolved,
-                explore,
-            );
-        };
-
-    const decode_functional = (explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore) =>
-        explore.from === "array"
-            ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
-            : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined");
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        EXPLORERS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    const explore_objects =
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            meta: Metadata,
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ) =>
-            meta.objects.length === 1
-                ? decode_object(importer)(input, meta.objects[0]!, explore)
-                : ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                      ts.factory.createIdentifier(
-                          importer.useLocal(`${PREFIX}u${meta.union_index!}`),
-                      ),
-                      undefined,
-                      FeatureProgrammer.argumentsArray(config)(explore)(input),
-                  );
-
-    const explore_arrays =
-        (project: IProject) =>
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            elements: MetadataArray[],
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ): ts.Expression =>
-            explore_array_like_union_types(config)(importer)(
-                UnionExplorer.array({
-                    checker: IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer),
-                    decoder: decode_array(config)(importer),
-                    empty: ts.factory.createStringLiteral("[]"),
-                    success: ts.factory.createTrue(),
-                    failure: (input, expected) =>
-                        create_throw_error(importer)(expected)(input),
-                }),
-            )(input, elements, explore);
-
-    const explore_array_like_union_types =
-        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        <T extends MetadataArray | MetadataTuple>(
-            factory: (
-                parameters: ts.ParameterDeclaration[],
-            ) => (
-                input: ts.Expression,
-                elements: T[],
-                explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-                tags: IMetadataTag[],
-                jsDocTags: IJsDocTagInfo[],
-            ) => ts.ArrowFunction,
-        ) =>
-        (
-            input: ts.Expression,
-            elements: T[],
-            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-        ): ts.Expression => {
-            const arrow =
-                (parameters: ts.ParameterDeclaration[]) =>
-                (explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore) =>
-                (input: ts.Expression): ts.ArrowFunction =>
-                    factory(parameters)(input, elements, explore, [], []);
-            if (elements.every((e) => e.recursive === false))
-                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    arrow([])(explore)(input),
-                    undefined,
-                    [],
-                );
-
-            explore = {
-                ...explore,
-                source: "function",
-                from: "array",
-            };
-            return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                ts.factory.createIdentifier(
-                    importer.emplaceUnion(
-                        config.prefix,
-                        elements.map((e) => e.name).join(" | "),
-                        () =>
-                            arrow(
-                                FeatureProgrammer.parameterDeclarations(config)(
-                                    TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
-                                )(ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")),
-                            )({
-                                ...explore,
-                                postfix: "",
-                            })(ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")),
-                    ),
-                ),
-                undefined,
-                FeatureProgrammer.argumentsArray(config)(explore)(input),
-            );
-        };
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        RETURN SCRIPTS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    const wrap_required = (
-        input: ts.Expression,
-        meta: Metadata,
-        explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-    ): ((expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression) => {
-        if (meta.isRequired() === true && meta.any === false)
-            return (expression) => expression;
-        return (expression) =>
-            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
-                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                    ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
-                    input,
-                ),
-                undefined,
-                expression,
-                undefined,
-                explore.from === "array"
-                    ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
-                    : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
-            );
-    };
-
-    const wrap_nullable = (
-        input: ts.Expression,
-        meta: Metadata,
-    ): ((expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression) => {
-        if (meta.nullable === false) return (expression) => expression;
-        return (expression) =>
-            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
-                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                    ts.factory.createNull(),
-                    input,
-                ),
-                undefined,
-                expression,
-                undefined,
-                ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null"),
-            );
-    };
-
-    const wrap_functional = (
-        input: ts.Expression,
-        meta: Metadata,
-        explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
-    ): ((expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression) => {
-        if (meta.functional === false) return (expression) => expression;
-        return (expression) =>
-            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
-                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
-                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral("function"),
-                    ValueFactory.TYPEOF(input),
-                ),
-                undefined,
-                expression,
-                undefined,
-                decode_functional(explore),
-            );
-    };
-
-    const iterate = (
-        importer: FunctionImporter,
-        input: ts.Expression,
-        unions: IUnion[],
-        expected: string,
-    ) =>
-        ts.factory.createBlock(
-            [
-                ...unions.map((u) =>
-                    ts.factory.createIfStatement(
-                        u.is(),
-                        ts.factory.createReturnStatement(u.value()),
-                    ),
-                ),
-                create_throw_error(importer)(expected)(input),
-            ],
-            true,
-        );
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        CONFIGURATIONS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    const PREFIX = "$s";
-
-    const configure =
-        (project: IProject) =>
-        (importer: FunctionImporter): FeatureProgrammer.IConfig => {
-            const config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig = {
-                types: {
-                    input: (type, name) =>
-                        ts.factory.createTypeReferenceNode(
-                            name ??
-                                TypeFactory.getFullName(project.checker)(type),
-                        ),
-                    output: () => TypeFactory.keyword("string"),
-                },
-                prefix: PREFIX,
-                trace: false,
-                path: false,
-                initializer,
-                decoder: () => decode(project)(config)(importer),
-                objector: {
-                    checker: () => (input, meta, explore) =>
-                        IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
-                            input,
-                            meta,
-                            explore,
-                            [],
-                            [],
-                        ),
-                    decoder: () => decode_object(importer),
-                    joiner: StringifyJoiner.object(importer),
-                    unionizer: decode_union_object(
-                        IsProgrammer.decode_object(importer),
-                    )(decode_object(importer))((exp) => exp)(
-                        (value, expected) =>
-                            create_throw_error(importer)(expected)(value),
-                    ),
-                    failure: (input, expected) =>
-                        create_throw_error(importer)(expected)(input),
-                },
-                generator: {
-                    arrays: () => write_array_functions(config)(importer),
-                    tuples: () =>
-                        write_tuple_functions(project)(config)(importer),
-                },
-            };
-            return config;
-        };
-
-    const initializer: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig["initializer"] =
-        ({ checker }) =>
-        (type) => {
-            const collection: MetadataCollection = new MetadataCollection();
-            const meta: Metadata = MetadataFactory.analyze(checker)({
-                escape: true,
-                constant: true,
-                absorb: true,
-                validate: (meta) => {
-                    if (meta.atomics.find((a) => a.type === "bigint"))
-                        throw new Error(NO_BIGINT);
-                    else if (
-                        meta.arrays.some(
-                            (array) => array.value.isRequired() === false,
-                        )
-                    )
-                        throw new Error(NO_UNDEFINED_IN_ARRAY);
-                },
-            })(collection)(type);
-            return [collection, meta];
-        };
-
-    const create_throw_error =
-        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
-        (expected: string) =>
-        (value: ts.Expression) =>
-            ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
-                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
-                    importer.use("throws"),
-                    [],
-                    [
-                        ts.factory.createObjectLiteralExpression(
-                            [
-                                ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
-                                    "expected",
-                                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral(expected),
-                                ),
-                                ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
-                                    "value",
-                                    value,
-                                ),
-                            ],
-                            true,
-                        ),
-                    ],
-                ),
-            );
-}
-
-interface IUnion {
-    type: string;
-    is: () => ts.Expression;
-    value: () => ts.Expression;
-}
-
-const NO_BIGINT =
-    "Error on typia.json.stringify(): does not allow bigint type.";
-const NO_UNDEFINED_IN_ARRAY =
-    "Error on typia.json.stringify(): does not allow undefined type in array.";
+import ts from "typescript";
+
+import { ExpressionFactory } from "../../factories/ExpressionFactory";
+import { IdentifierFactory } from "../../factories/IdentifierFactory";
+import { JsonMetadataFactory } from "../../factories/JsonMetadataFactory";
+import { MetadataCollection } from "../../factories/MetadataCollection";
+import { StatementFactory } from "../../factories/StatementFactory";
+import { TypeFactory } from "../../factories/TypeFactory";
+import { ValueFactory } from "../../factories/ValueFactory";
+
+import { Metadata } from "../../schemas/metadata/Metadata";
+import { MetadataArray } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataArray";
+import { MetadataAtomic } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataAtomic";
+import { MetadataObject } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataObject";
+import { MetadataTuple } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataTuple";
+import { MetadataTupleType } from "../../schemas/metadata/MetadataTupleType";
+
+import { IProject } from "../../transformers/IProject";
+
+import { Atomic } from "../../typings/Atomic";
+
+import { ArrayUtil } from "../../utils/ArrayUtil";
+
+import { FeatureProgrammer } from "../FeatureProgrammer";
+import { IsProgrammer } from "../IsProgrammer";
+import { AtomicPredicator } from "../helpers/AtomicPredicator";
+import { FunctionImporter } from "../helpers/FunctionImporeter";
+import { IExpressionEntry } from "../helpers/IExpressionEntry";
+import { OptionPredicator } from "../helpers/OptionPredicator";
+import { StringifyJoiner } from "../helpers/StringifyJoinder";
+import { StringifyPredicator } from "../helpers/StringifyPredicator";
+import { UnionExplorer } from "../helpers/UnionExplorer";
+import { check_native } from "../internal/check_native";
+import { decode_union_object } from "../internal/decode_union_object";
+import { feature_object_entries } from "../internal/feature_object_entries";
+import { wrap_metadata_rest_tuple } from "../internal/wrap_metadata_rest_tuple";
+
+export namespace JsonStringifyProgrammer {
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        WRITER
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    export const write =
+        (project: IProject) => (modulo: ts.LeftHandSideExpression) => {
+            const importer: FunctionImporter = new FunctionImporter(
+                modulo.getText(),
+            );
+            const config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig =
+                configure(project)(importer);
+
+            return FeatureProgrammer.write(project)({
+                ...config,
+                addition: (collection) => [
+                    ...IsProgrammer.write_function_statements(project)(
+                        importer,
+                    )(collection),
+                    ...importer.declare(modulo),
+                ],
+            })(importer);
+        };
+
+    const write_array_functions =
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (collection: MetadataCollection): ts.VariableStatement[] =>
+            collection
+                .arrays()
+                .filter((a) => a.recursive)
+                .map((type, i) =>
+                    StatementFactory.constant(
+                        `${config.prefix}a${i}`,
+                        ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
+                            undefined,
+                            undefined,
+                            FeatureProgrammer.parameterDeclarations(config)(
+                                TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
+                            )(ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")),
+                            TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
+                            undefined,
+                            decode_array_inline(config)(importer)(
+                                ts.factory.createIdentifier("input"),
+                                MetadataArray.create({
+                                    type,
+                                    tags: [],
+                                }),
+                                {
+                                    tracable: config.trace,
+                                    source: "function",
+                                    from: "array",
+                                    postfix: "",
+                                },
+                            ),
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                );
+
+    const write_tuple_functions =
+        (project: IProject) =>
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (collection: MetadataCollection): ts.VariableStatement[] =>
+            collection
+                .tuples()
+                .filter((t) => t.recursive)
+                .map((tuple, i) =>
+                    StatementFactory.constant(
+                        `${config.prefix}t${i}`,
+                        ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
+                            undefined,
+                            undefined,
+                            FeatureProgrammer.parameterDeclarations(config)(
+                                TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
+                            )(ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")),
+                            TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
+                            undefined,
+                            decode_tuple_inline(project)(config)(importer)(
+                                ts.factory.createIdentifier("input"),
+                                tuple,
+                                {
+                                    tracable: config.trace,
+                                    source: "function",
+                                    from: "array",
+                                    postfix: "",
+                                },
+                            ),
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                );
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        DECODERS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    const decode =
+        (project: IProject) =>
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            meta: Metadata,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ): ts.Expression => {
+            // ANY TYPE
+            if (meta.any === true)
+                return wrap_required(
+                    input,
+                    meta,
+                    explore,
+                )(
+                    wrap_functional(
+                        input,
+                        meta,
+                        explore,
+                    )(
+                        ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                            ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
+                            undefined,
+                            [input],
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                );
+
+            // ONLY NULL OR UNDEFINED
+            const size: number = meta.size();
+            if (
+                size === 0 &&
+                (meta.isRequired() === false || meta.nullable === true)
+            ) {
+                if (meta.isRequired() === false && meta.nullable === true)
+                    return explore.from === "array"
+                        ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
+                        : ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
+                              ts.factory.createStrictEquality(
+                                  ts.factory.createNull(),
+                                  input,
+                              ),
+                              undefined,
+                              ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null"),
+                              undefined,
+                              ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
+                          );
+                else if (meta.isRequired() === false)
+                    return explore.from === "array"
+                        ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
+                        : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined");
+                else return ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null");
+            }
+
+            //----
+            // LIST UP UNION TYPES
+            //----
+            const unions: IUnion[] = [];
+
+            // toJSON() METHOD
+            if (meta.escaped !== null)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "resolved",
+                    is: () => IsProgrammer.decode_to_json(false)(input),
+                    value: () =>
+                        decode_to_json(project)(config)(importer)(
+                            input,
+                            meta.escaped!.returns,
+                            explore,
+                        ),
+                });
+            else if (meta.functional === true)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "functional",
+                    is: () => IsProgrammer.decode_functional(input),
+                    value: () => decode_functional(explore),
+                });
+
+            // TEMPLATES
+            if (
+                meta.templates.length ||
+                ArrayUtil.has(meta.constants, (c) => c.type === "string")
+            )
+                if (AtomicPredicator.template(meta)) {
+                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                    partial.atomics.push(
+                        MetadataAtomic.create({ type: "string", tags: [] }),
+                    ),
+                        unions.push({
+                            type: "template literal",
+                            is: () =>
+                                IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
+                                    input,
+                                    partial,
+                                    explore,
+                                ),
+                            value: () =>
+                                decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
+                                    input,
+                                    "string",
+                                    explore,
+                                ),
+                        });
+                }
+
+            // CONSTANTS
+            for (const constant of meta.constants)
+                if (AtomicPredicator.constant(meta)(constant.type) === false)
+                    continue;
+                else if (constant.type !== "string")
+                    unions.push({
+                        type: "atomic",
+                        is: () =>
+                            IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
+                                input,
+                                (() => {
+                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                                    partial.atomics.push(
+                                        MetadataAtomic.create({
+                                            type: constant.type,
+                                            tags: [],
+                                        }),
+                                    );
+                                    return partial;
+                                })(),
+                                explore,
+                            ),
+                        value: () =>
+                            decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
+                                input,
+                                constant.type,
+                                explore,
+                            ),
+                    });
+                else if (meta.templates.length === 0)
+                    unions.push({
+                        type: "const string",
+                        is: () =>
+                            IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
+                                input,
+                                (() => {
+                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                                    partial.atomics.push(
+                                        MetadataAtomic.create({
+                                            type: "string",
+                                            tags: [],
+                                        }),
+                                    );
+                                    return partial;
+                                })(),
+                                explore,
+                            ),
+                        value: () =>
+                            decode_constant_string(project)(importer)(
+                                input,
+                                [...constant.values] as string[],
+                                explore,
+                            ),
+                    });
+
+            /// ATOMICS
+            for (const a of meta.atomics)
+                if (AtomicPredicator.atomic(meta)(a.type))
+                    unions.push({
+                        type: "atomic",
+                        is: () =>
+                            IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
+                                input,
+                                (() => {
+                                    const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                                    partial.atomics.push(a);
+                                    return partial;
+                                })(),
+                                explore,
+                            ),
+                        value: () =>
+                            decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
+                                input,
+                                a.type,
+                                explore,
+                            ),
+                    });
+
+            // TUPLES
+            for (const tuple of meta.tuples)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "tuple",
+                    is: () =>
+                        IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
+                            input,
+                            (() => {
+                                const partial = Metadata.initialize();
+                                partial.tuples.push(tuple);
+                                return partial;
+                            })(),
+                            explore,
+                        ),
+                    value: () =>
+                        decode_tuple(project)(config)(importer)(
+                            input,
+                            tuple,
+                            explore,
+                        ),
+                });
+
+            // ARRAYS
+            if (meta.arrays.length) {
+                const value: () => ts.Expression =
+                    meta.arrays.length === 1
+                        ? () =>
+                              decode_array(config)(importer)(
+                                  input,
+                                  meta.arrays[0]!,
+                                  {
+                                      ...explore,
+                                      from: "array",
+                                  },
+                              )
+                        : meta.arrays.some((elem) => elem.type.value.any)
+                        ? () =>
+                              ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                                  ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
+                                  undefined,
+                                  [input],
+                              )
+                        : () =>
+                              explore_arrays(project)(config)(importer)(
+                                  input,
+                                  meta.arrays,
+                                  {
+                                      ...explore,
+                                      from: "array",
+                                  },
+                              );
+
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "array",
+                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isArray(input),
+                    value,
+                });
+            }
+
+            // BUILT-IN CLASSES
+            if (meta.natives.length)
+                for (const native of meta.natives)
+                    unions.push({
+                        type: "object",
+                        is: () => check_native(native)(input),
+                        value: () =>
+                            AtomicPredicator.native(native)
+                                ? decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
+                                      input,
+                                      native.toLowerCase() as Atomic.Literal,
+                                      explore,
+                                  )
+                                : ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
+                    });
+
+            // SETS
+            if (meta.sets.length)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "object",
+                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf("Set")(input),
+                    value: () => ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
+                });
+
+            // MAPS
+            if (meta.maps.length)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "object",
+                    is: () => ExpressionFactory.isInstanceOf("Map")(input),
+                    value: () => ts.factory.createStringLiteral("{}"),
+                });
+
+            // OBJECTS
+            if (meta.objects.length)
+                unions.push({
+                    type: "object",
+                    is: () =>
+                        ExpressionFactory.isObject({
+                            checkNull: true,
+                            checkArray: meta.objects.some((obj) =>
+                                obj.properties.every(
+                                    (prop) =>
+                                        !prop.key.isSoleLiteral() ||
+                                        !prop.value.isRequired(),
+                                ),
+                            ),
+                        })(input),
+                    value: () =>
+                        meta.isParentResolved() === false &&
+                        meta.objects.length === 1 &&
+                        meta.objects[0]!._Is_simple(
+                            explore.from === "top" ? 0 : 1,
+                        )
+                            ? (() => {
+                                  const obj: MetadataObject = meta.objects[0]!;
+                                  const entries: IExpressionEntry<ts.Expression>[] =
+                                      feature_object_entries({
+                                          decoder: () =>
+                                              decode(project)(config)(importer),
+                                          trace: false,
+                                          path: false,
+                                      })(importer)(obj)(
+                                          ts.factory.createAsExpression(
+                                              input,
+                                              TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
+                                          ),
+                                      );
+                                  return StringifyJoiner.object(importer)(
+                                      ts.factory.createAsExpression(
+                                          input,
+                                          TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
+                                      ),
+                                      entries,
+                                  );
+                              })()
+                            : explore_objects(config)(importer)(input, meta, {
+                                  ...explore,
+                                  from: "object",
+                              }),
+                });
+
+            //----
+            // RETURNS
+            //----
+            // CHECK NULL AND UNDEFINED
+            const wrapper = (output: ts.Expression) =>
+                wrap_required(
+                    input,
+                    meta,
+                    explore,
+                )(wrap_nullable(input, meta)(output));
+
+            // DIRECT RETURN
+            if (unions.length === 0)
+                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    ts.factory.createIdentifier("JSON.stringify"),
+                    undefined,
+                    [input],
+                );
+            else if (unions.length === 1) return wrapper(unions[0]!.value());
+
+            // RETURN WITH TYPE CHECKING
+            return wrapper(
+                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    ts.factory.createArrowFunction(
+                        undefined,
+                        undefined,
+                        [],
+                        undefined,
+                        undefined,
+                        iterate(importer, input, unions, meta.getName()),
+                    ),
+                    undefined,
+                    undefined,
+                ),
+            );
+        };
+
+    const decode_object = (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        FeatureProgrammer.decode_object({
+            trace: false,
+            path: false,
+            prefix: PREFIX,
+        })(importer);
+
+    const decode_array =
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            array: MetadataArray,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ) =>
+            array.type.recursive
+                ? ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                      ts.factory.createIdentifier(
+                          importer.useLocal(
+                              `${config.prefix}a${array.type.index}`,
+                          ),
+                      ),
+                      undefined,
+                      FeatureProgrammer.argumentsArray(config)({
+                          ...explore,
+                          source: "function",
+                          from: "array",
+                      })(input),
+                  )
+                : decode_array_inline(config)(importer)(input, array, explore);
+
+    const decode_array_inline =
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            array: MetadataArray,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ) =>
+            FeatureProgrammer.decode_array(config)(importer)(
+                StringifyJoiner.array,
+            )(input, array, explore);
+
+    const decode_tuple =
+        (project: IProject) =>
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            tuple: MetadataTuple,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ): ts.Expression =>
+            tuple.type.recursive
+                ? ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                      ts.factory.createIdentifier(
+                          importer.useLocal(
+                              `${config.prefix}t${tuple.type.index}`,
+                          ),
+                      ),
+                      undefined,
+                      FeatureProgrammer.argumentsArray(config)({
+                          ...explore,
+                          source: "function",
+                      })(input),
+                  )
+                : decode_tuple_inline(project)(config)(importer)(
+                      input,
+                      tuple.type,
+                      explore,
+                  );
+
+    const decode_tuple_inline =
+        (project: IProject) =>
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            tuple: MetadataTupleType,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ): ts.Expression => {
+            const children: ts.Expression[] = tuple.elements
+                .filter((elem) => elem.rest === null)
+                .map((elem, index) =>
+                    decode(project)(config)(importer)(
+                        ts.factory.createElementAccessExpression(input, index),
+                        elem,
+                        {
+                            ...explore,
+                            from: "array",
+                            postfix: explore.postfix.length
+                                ? `${explore.postfix.slice(0, -1)}[${index}]"`
+                                : `"[${index}]"`,
+                        },
+                    ),
+                );
+            const rest = (() => {
+                if (tuple.elements.length === 0) return null;
+                const last = tuple.elements.at(-1)!;
+                if (last.rest === null) return null;
+
+                const code = decode(project)(config)(importer)(
+                    ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                        IdentifierFactory.access(input)("slice"),
+                        undefined,
+                        [
+                            ts.factory.createNumericLiteral(
+                                tuple.elements.length - 1,
+                            ),
+                        ],
+                    ),
+                    wrap_metadata_rest_tuple(tuple.elements.at(-1)!.rest!),
+                    {
+                        ...explore,
+                        start: tuple.elements.length - 1,
+                    },
+                );
+                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    importer.use("rest"),
+                    undefined,
+                    [code],
+                );
+            })();
+            return StringifyJoiner.tuple(children, rest);
+        };
+
+    const decode_atomic =
+        (project: IProject) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            type: string,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ) => {
+            if (type === "string")
+                return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    importer.use("string"),
+                    undefined,
+                    [input],
+                );
+            else if (
+                type === "number" &&
+                OptionPredicator.numeric(project.options)
+            )
+                input = ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    importer.use("number"),
+                    undefined,
+                    [input],
+                );
+
+            return explore.from !== "top"
+                ? input
+                : ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                      IdentifierFactory.access(input)("toString"),
+                      undefined,
+                      undefined,
+                  );
+        };
+
+    const decode_constant_string =
+        (project: IProject) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            values: string[],
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ): ts.Expression => {
+            if (values.every((v) => !StringifyPredicator.require_escape(v)))
+                return [
+                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
+                    input,
+                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral('"'),
+                ].reduce((x, y) => ts.factory.createAdd(x, y));
+            else
+                return decode_atomic(project)(importer)(
+                    input,
+                    "string",
+                    explore,
+                );
+        };
+
+    const decode_to_json =
+        (project: IProject) =>
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            resolved: Metadata,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ): ts.Expression => {
+            return decode(project)(config)(importer)(
+                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    IdentifierFactory.access(input)("toJSON"),
+                    undefined,
+                    [],
+                ),
+                resolved,
+                explore,
+            );
+        };
+
+    const decode_functional = (explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore) =>
+        explore.from === "array"
+            ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
+            : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined");
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        EXPLORERS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    const explore_objects =
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            meta: Metadata,
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ) =>
+            meta.objects.length === 1
+                ? decode_object(importer)(input, meta.objects[0]!, explore)
+                : ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                      ts.factory.createIdentifier(
+                          importer.useLocal(`${PREFIX}u${meta.union_index!}`),
+                      ),
+                      undefined,
+                      FeatureProgrammer.argumentsArray(config)(explore)(input),
+                  );
+
+    const explore_arrays =
+        (project: IProject) =>
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            elements: MetadataArray[],
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ): ts.Expression =>
+            explore_array_like_union_types(config)(importer)(
+                UnionExplorer.array({
+                    checker: IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer),
+                    decoder: decode_array(config)(importer),
+                    empty: ts.factory.createStringLiteral("[]"),
+                    success: ts.factory.createTrue(),
+                    failure: (input, expected) =>
+                        create_throw_error(importer)(expected)(input),
+                }),
+            )(input, elements, explore);
+
+    const explore_array_like_union_types =
+        (config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        <T extends MetadataArray | MetadataTuple>(
+            factory: (
+                parameters: ts.ParameterDeclaration[],
+            ) => (
+                input: ts.Expression,
+                elements: T[],
+                explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+            ) => ts.ArrowFunction,
+        ) =>
+        (
+            input: ts.Expression,
+            elements: T[],
+            explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+        ): ts.Expression => {
+            const arrow =
+                (parameters: ts.ParameterDeclaration[]) =>
+                (explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore) =>
+                (input: ts.Expression): ts.ArrowFunction =>
+                    factory(parameters)(input, elements, explore);
+            if (elements.every((e) => e.type.recursive === false))
+                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    arrow([])(explore)(input),
+                    undefined,
+                    [],
+                );
+
+            explore = {
+                ...explore,
+                source: "function",
+                from: "array",
+            };
+            return ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                ts.factory.createIdentifier(
+                    importer.emplaceUnion(
+                        config.prefix,
+                        elements.map((e) => e.type.name).join(" | "),
+                        () =>
+                            arrow(
+                                FeatureProgrammer.parameterDeclarations(config)(
+                                    TypeFactory.keyword("any"),
+                                )(ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")),
+                            )({
+                                ...explore,
+                                postfix: "",
+                            })(ts.factory.createIdentifier("input")),
+                    ),
+                ),
+                undefined,
+                FeatureProgrammer.argumentsArray(config)(explore)(input),
+            );
+        };
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        RETURN SCRIPTS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    const wrap_required = (
+        input: ts.Expression,
+        meta: Metadata,
+        explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+    ): ((expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression) => {
+        if (meta.isRequired() === true && meta.any === false)
+            return (expression) => expression;
+        return (expression) =>
+            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
+                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                    ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
+                    input,
+                ),
+                undefined,
+                expression,
+                undefined,
+                explore.from === "array"
+                    ? ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null")
+                    : ts.factory.createIdentifier("undefined"),
+            );
+    };
+
+    const wrap_nullable = (
+        input: ts.Expression,
+        meta: Metadata,
+    ): ((expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression) => {
+        if (meta.nullable === false) return (expression) => expression;
+        return (expression) =>
+            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
+                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                    ts.factory.createNull(),
+                    input,
+                ),
+                undefined,
+                expression,
+                undefined,
+                ts.factory.createStringLiteral("null"),
+            );
+    };
+
+    const wrap_functional = (
+        input: ts.Expression,
+        meta: Metadata,
+        explore: FeatureProgrammer.IExplore,
+    ): ((expression: ts.Expression) => ts.Expression) => {
+        if (meta.functional === false) return (expression) => expression;
+        return (expression) =>
+            ts.factory.createConditionalExpression(
+                ts.factory.createStrictInequality(
+                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral("function"),
+                    ValueFactory.TYPEOF(input),
+                ),
+                undefined,
+                expression,
+                undefined,
+                decode_functional(explore),
+            );
+    };
+
+    const iterate = (
+        importer: FunctionImporter,
+        input: ts.Expression,
+        unions: IUnion[],
+        expected: string,
+    ) =>
+        ts.factory.createBlock(
+            [
+                ...unions.map((u) =>
+                    ts.factory.createIfStatement(
+                        u.is(),
+                        ts.factory.createReturnStatement(u.value()),
+                    ),
+                ),
+                create_throw_error(importer)(expected)(input),
+            ],
+            true,
+        );
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        CONFIGURATIONS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    const PREFIX = "$s";
+
+    const configure =
+        (project: IProject) =>
+        (importer: FunctionImporter): FeatureProgrammer.IConfig => {
+            const config: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig = {
+                types: {
+                    input: (type, name) =>
+                        ts.factory.createTypeReferenceNode(
+                            name ??
+                                TypeFactory.getFullName(project.checker)(type),
+                        ),
+                    output: () => TypeFactory.keyword("string"),
+                },
+                prefix: PREFIX,
+                trace: false,
+                path: false,
+                initializer,
+                decoder: () => decode(project)(config)(importer),
+                objector: {
+                    checker: () => (input, meta, explore) =>
+                        IsProgrammer.decode(project)(importer)(
+                            input,
+                            meta,
+                            explore,
+                        ),
+                    decoder: () => decode_object(importer),
+                    joiner: StringifyJoiner.object(importer),
+                    unionizer: decode_union_object(
+                        IsProgrammer.decode_object(importer),
+                    )(decode_object(importer))((exp) => exp)(
+                        (value, expected) =>
+                            create_throw_error(importer)(expected)(value),
+                    ),
+                    failure: (input, expected) =>
+                        create_throw_error(importer)(expected)(input),
+                },
+                generator: {
+                    arrays: () => write_array_functions(config)(importer),
+                    tuples: () =>
+                        write_tuple_functions(project)(config)(importer),
+                },
+            };
+            return config;
+        };
+
+    const initializer: FeatureProgrammer.IConfig["initializer"] =
+        ({ checker }) =>
+        (importer) =>
+        (type) =>
+            JsonMetadataFactory.analyze(`typia.json.${importer.method}`)(
+                checker,
+            )(type);
+
+    const create_throw_error =
+        (importer: FunctionImporter) =>
+        (expected: string) =>
+        (value: ts.Expression) =>
+            ts.factory.createExpressionStatement(
+                ts.factory.createCallExpression(
+                    importer.use("throws"),
+                    [],
+                    [
+                        ts.factory.createObjectLiteralExpression(
+                            [
+                                ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
+                                    "expected",
+                                    ts.factory.createStringLiteral(expected),
+                                ),
+                                ts.factory.createPropertyAssignment(
+                                    "value",
+                                    value,
+                                ),
+                            ],
+                            true,
+                        ),
+                    ],
+                ),
+            );
+}
+
+interface IUnion {
+    type: string;
+    is: () => ts.Expression;
+    value: () => ts.Expression;
+}