typia 5.0.0-dev.20230823 → 5.0.0-dev.2023084

package/src/schemas/metadata/Metadata.ts

@@ -1,637 +1,643 @@
-import { Atomic } from "../../typings/Atomic";
-import { ClassProperties } from "../../typings/ClassProperties";
-import { Writable } from "../../typings/Writable";
-
-import { ArrayUtil } from "../../utils/ArrayUtil";
-
-import { IMetadata } from "./IMetadata";
-import { IMetadataCollection } from "./IMetadataCollection";
-import { IMetadataDictionary } from "./IMetadataDictionary";
-import { MetadataAlias } from "./MetadataAlias";
-import { MetadataArray } from "./MetadataArray";
-import { MetadataConstant } from "./MetadataConstant";
-import { MetadataObject } from "./MetadataObject";
-import { MetadataProperty } from "./MetadataProperty";
-import { MetadataResolved } from "./MetadataResolved";
-import { MetadataTuple } from "./MetadataTuple";
-
-export class Metadata {
-    public any: boolean;
-    public required: boolean;
-    public optional: boolean;
-    public nullable: boolean;
-    public functional: boolean;
-
-    public resolved: MetadataResolved | null;
-    public atomics: Atomic.Literal[];
-    public constants: MetadataConstant[];
-    public templates: Metadata[][];
-
-    public rest: Metadata | null;
-    public aliases: MetadataAlias[];
-    public arrays: MetadataArray[];
-    public tuples: MetadataTuple[];
-    public objects: MetadataObject[];
-
-    public natives: string[];
-    public sets: Metadata[];
-    public maps: Metadata.Entry[];
-
-    /** @internal */ private name_?: string;
-    /** @internal */ private parent_resolved_: boolean = false;
-    /** @internal */ public union_index?: number;
-    /** @internal */ public fixed_?: number | null;
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        CONSTRUCTORS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    /**
-     * @hidden
-     */
-    private constructor(props: ClassProperties<Metadata>) {
-        this.any = props.any;
-        this.required = props.required;
-        this.optional = props.optional;
-        this.nullable = props.nullable;
-        this.functional = props.functional;
-
-        this.resolved = props.resolved;
-        this.atomics = props.atomics;
-        this.constants = props.constants;
-        this.templates = props.templates;
-
-        this.rest = props.rest;
-        this.arrays = props.arrays;
-        this.tuples = props.tuples;
-        this.objects = props.objects;
-        this.aliases = props.aliases;
-
-        this.natives = props.natives;
-        this.sets = props.sets;
-        this.maps = props.maps;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    public static create(props: ClassProperties<Metadata>): Metadata {
-        return new Metadata(props);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    public static initialize(parentResolved: boolean = false): Metadata {
-        const meta: Metadata = this.create({
-            any: false,
-            nullable: false,
-            required: true,
-            optional: false,
-            functional: false,
-
-            resolved: null,
-            constants: [],
-            atomics: [],
-            templates: [],
-            arrays: [],
-            tuples: [],
-            objects: [],
-            aliases: [],
-
-            rest: null,
-            natives: [],
-            sets: [],
-            maps: [],
-        });
-        meta.parent_resolved_ = parentResolved;
-        return meta;
-    }
-
-    public toJSON(): IMetadata {
-        return {
-            any: this.any,
-            required: this.required,
-            optional: this.optional,
-            nullable: this.nullable,
-            functional: this.functional,
-
-            atomics: this.atomics.slice(),
-            constants: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(this.constants)),
-            templates: this.templates.map((tpl) =>
-                tpl.map((meta) => meta.toJSON()),
-            ),
-            resolved: this.resolved ? this.resolved.toJSON() : null,
-
-            rest: this.rest ? this.rest.toJSON() : null,
-            arrays: this.arrays.map((array) => array.name),
-            tuples: this.tuples.map((tuple) => tuple.name),
-            objects: this.objects.map((obj) => obj.name),
-            aliases: this.aliases.map((alias) => alias.name),
-
-            natives: this.natives.slice(),
-            sets: this.sets.map((meta) => meta.toJSON()),
-            maps: this.maps.map((entry) => ({
-                key: entry.key.toJSON(),
-                value: entry.value.toJSON(),
-            })),
-        };
-    }
-
-    public static from(
-        meta: IMetadata,
-        collection: IMetadataCollection,
-    ): Metadata {
-        const dict: IMetadataDictionary = {
-            objects: new Map(
-                collection.objects.map((obj) => [
-                    obj.name,
-                    MetadataObject._From_without_properties(obj),
-                ]),
-            ),
-            aliases: new Map(
-                collection.aliases.map((alias) => [
-                    alias.name,
-                    MetadataAlias._From_without_value(alias),
-                ]),
-            ),
-            arrays: new Map(
-                collection.arrays.map((arr) => [
-                    arr.name,
-                    MetadataArray._From_without_value(arr),
-                ]),
-            ),
-            tuples: new Map(
-                collection.tuples.map((tpl) => [
-                    tpl.name,
-                    MetadataTuple._From_without_elements(tpl),
-                ]),
-            ),
-        };
-
-        for (const obj of collection.objects) {
-            const initialized = dict.objects.get(obj.name)!;
-            initialized.properties.push(
-                ...obj.properties.map((prop) =>
-                    MetadataProperty._From(prop, dict),
-                ),
-            );
-        }
-        for (const alias of collection.aliases)
-            Writable(dict.aliases.get(alias.name)!).value = this._From(
-                alias.value,
-                dict,
-            );
-        for (const array of collection.arrays)
-            Writable(dict.arrays.get(array.name)!).value = this._From(
-                array.value,
-                dict,
-            );
-        for (const tuple of collection.tuples)
-            Writable(dict.tuples.get(tuple.name)!).elements =
-                tuple.elements.map((elem) => this._From(elem, dict));
-
-        return this._From(meta, dict);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    public static _From(meta: IMetadata, dict: IMetadataDictionary): Metadata {
-        return this.create({
-            any: meta.any,
-            required: meta.required,
-            optional: meta.optional,
-            nullable: meta.nullable,
-            functional: meta.functional,
-
-            constants: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(meta.constants)),
-            atomics: meta.atomics.slice(),
-            templates: meta.templates.map((tpl) =>
-                tpl.map((meta) => this._From(meta, dict)),
-            ),
-            resolved: meta.resolved
-                ? MetadataResolved._From(meta.resolved, dict)
-                : null,
-
-            rest: meta.rest ? this._From(meta.rest, dict) : null,
-            arrays: meta.arrays.map((id) => {
-                const array = dict.arrays.get(id);
-                if (array === undefined)
-                    throw new Error(
-                        `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find array "${id}".`,
-                    );
-                return array;
-            }),
-            tuples: meta.tuples.map((id) => {
-                const tuple = dict.tuples.get(id);
-                if (tuple === undefined)
-                    throw new Error(
-                        `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find tuple "${id}".`,
-                    );
-                return tuple;
-            }),
-            objects: meta.objects.map((name) => {
-                const found = dict.objects.get(name);
-                if (found === undefined)
-                    throw new Error(
-                        `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find object "${name}".`,
-                    );
-                return found;
-            }),
-            aliases: meta.aliases.map((alias) => {
-                const found = dict.aliases.get(alias);
-                if (found === undefined)
-                    throw new Error(
-                        `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find alias "${alias}".`,
-                    );
-                return found;
-            }),
-
-            natives: meta.natives.slice(),
-            sets: meta.sets.map((meta) => this._From(meta, dict)),
-            maps: meta.maps.map((entry) => ({
-                key: this._From(entry.key, dict),
-                value: this._From(entry.value, dict),
-            })),
-        });
-    }
-
-    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
-        ACCESSORS
-    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
-    public getName(): string {
-        this.name_ ??= getName(this);
-        return this.name_;
-    }
-
-    public empty(): boolean {
-        return this.bucket() === 0 || this.size() === 0;
-    }
-
-    public size(): number {
-        return (
-            (this.any ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.resolved ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.functional ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.rest ? this.rest.size() : 0) +
-            this.templates.length +
-            this.atomics.length +
-            this.constants
-                .map((c) => c.values.length)
-                .reduce((x, y) => x + y, 0) +
-            this.arrays.length +
-            this.tuples.length +
-            this.natives.length +
-            this.maps.length +
-            this.sets.length +
-            this.objects.length +
-            this.aliases.length
-        );
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    public binarySize(): number {
-        return (
-            new Set([
-                ...this.atomics,
-                ...this.constants.map((c) => c.type),
-                ...(this.templates.length ? ["string"] : []),
-            ]).size +
-            this.arrays.length +
-            this.tuples.length +
-            this.natives.length +
-            this.objects.length +
-            this.maps.length
-        );
-    }
-
-    public bucket(): number {
-        return (
-            (this.any ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.resolved ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.functional ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.templates.length ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.atomics.length ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.constants.length ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.rest ? this.rest.size() : 0) +
-            (this.arrays.length ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.tuples.length ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.natives.length ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.sets.length ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.maps.length ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.objects.length ? 1 : 0) +
-            (this.aliases.length ? 1 : 0)
-        );
-    }
-
-    public isConstant(): boolean {
-        return this.bucket() === (this.constants.length ? 1 : 0);
-    }
-
-    public isRequired(): boolean {
-        return this.required === true && this.optional === false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    public isUnionBucket(): boolean {
-        const size: number = this.bucket();
-        const emended: number =
-            !!this.atomics.length && !!this.constants.length ? size - 1 : size;
-        return emended > 1;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    public isBinaryUnion(): boolean {
-        return this.binarySize() > 1;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    public getSoleLiteral(): string | null {
-        if (
-            this.size() === 1 &&
-            this.constants.length === 1 &&
-            this.constants[0]!.type === "string" &&
-            this.constants[0]!.values.length === 1
-        )
-            return this.constants[0]!.values[0] as string;
-        else return null;
-    }
-
-    public isSoleLiteral(): boolean {
-        return this.getSoleLiteral() !== null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    public isParentResolved(): boolean {
-        return this.parent_resolved_;
-    }
-}
-export namespace Metadata {
-    export const intersects = (x: Metadata, y: Metadata): boolean => {
-        // CHECK ANY & OPTIONAL
-        if (x.any || y.any) return true;
-        if (x.isRequired() === false && false === y.isRequired()) return true;
-        if (x.nullable === true && true === y.nullable) return true;
-        if (x.functional === true && y.functional === true) return true;
-
-        //----
-        // INSTANCES
-        //----
-        // ARRAYS
-        if (x.arrays.length && y.arrays.length) return true;
-        if (x.tuples.length && y.tuples.length) return true;
-        if (x.objects.length && y.objects.length) return true;
-        if (x.aliases.length && y.aliases.length) return true;
-
-        // NATIVES
-        if (x.natives.length && y.natives.length)
-            if (x.natives.some((xn) => y.natives.some((yn) => xn === yn)))
-                return true;
-
-        //----
-        // VALUES
-        //----
-        // ATOMICS
-        for (const atomic of x.atomics)
-            if (y.atomics.includes(atomic)) return true;
-
-        // CONSTANTS
-        for (const constant of x.constants) {
-            const opposite: MetadataConstant | undefined = y.constants.find(
-                (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
-            );
-            if (opposite === undefined) continue;
-
-            const values: Set<any> = new Set([
-                ...constant.values,
-                ...opposite.values,
-            ]);
-            if (values.size !== constant.values.length + opposite.values.length)
-                return true;
-        }
-        return false;
-    };
-
-    export const covers = (
-        x: Metadata,
-        y: Metadata,
-        level: number = 0,
-    ): boolean => {
-        // CHECK ANY
-        if (x === y) return false;
-        else if (x.any) return true;
-        else if (y.any) return false;
-
-        //----
-        // INSTANCES
-        //----
-        if (level === 0) {
-            // ARRAYS
-            for (const ya of y.arrays)
-                if (
-                    !x.arrays.some((xa) =>
-                        covers(xa.value, ya.value, level + 1),
-                    )
-                ) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-
-            // TUPLES
-            for (const yt of y.tuples)
-                if (
-                    yt.elements.length !== 0 &&
-                    x.tuples.some(
-                        (xt) =>
-                            xt.elements.length >= yt.elements.length &&
-                            xt.elements
-                                .slice(yt.elements.length)
-                                .every((xv, i) =>
-                                    covers(xv, yt.elements[i]!, level + 1),
-                                ),
-                    ) === false
-                )
-                    return false;
-        }
-
-        // OBJECTS
-        for (const yo of y.objects)
-            if (x.objects.some((xo) => MetadataObject.covers(xo, yo)) === false)
-                return false;
-
-        // ALIASES
-        for (const yd of y.aliases)
-            if (x.aliases.some((xd) => xd.name === yd.name) === false)
-                return false;
-
-        // NATIVES
-        for (const yn of y.natives)
-            if (x.natives.some((xn) => xn === yn) === false) return false;
-
-        // SETS
-        for (const ys of y.sets)
-            if (x.sets.some((xs) => covers(xs, ys)) === false) return false;
-
-        //----
-        // VALUES
-        //----
-        // ATOMICS
-        if (y.atomics.some((atomic) => x.atomics.includes(atomic) === false))
-            return false;
-
-        // CONSTANTS
-        for (const yc of y.constants) {
-            if (x.atomics.some((type) => yc.type === type)) continue;
-            const xc: MetadataConstant | undefined = x.constants.find(
-                (elem) => elem.type === yc.type,
-            );
-            if (xc === undefined) return false;
-            else if (
-                (yc.values as number[]).some(
-                    (yv) => xc.values.includes(yv as never) === false,
-                )
-            )
-                return false;
-        }
-
-        // FUNCTIONAL
-        if (x.functional === false && y.functional) return false;
-
-        // SUCCESS
-        return true;
-    };
-
-    /**
-     * @internal
-     */
-    export const merge = (x: Metadata, y: Metadata): Metadata => {
-        const output: Metadata = Metadata.create({
-            any: x.any || y.any,
-            nullable: x.nullable || y.nullable,
-            required: x.required && y.required,
-            optional: x.optional || y.optional,
-            functional: x.functional || y.functional,
-
-            resolved:
-                x.resolved !== null && y.resolved !== null
-                    ? //? merge(x.resolved, y.resolved)
-                      MetadataResolved.create({
-                          original: merge(
-                              x.resolved.original,
-                              y.resolved.original,
-                          ),
-                          returns: merge(
-                              x.resolved.returns,
-                              y.resolved.returns,
-                          ),
-                      })
-                    : x.resolved ?? y.resolved,
-            atomics: [...new Set([...x.atomics, ...y.atomics])],
-            constants: [...x.constants],
-            templates: x.templates.slice(),
-
-            rest:
-                x.rest !== null && y.rest !== null
-                    ? merge(x.rest, y.rest)
-                    : x.rest ?? y.rest,
-            arrays: x.arrays.slice(),
-            tuples: x.tuples.slice(),
-            objects: x.objects.slice(),
-            aliases: x.aliases.slice(),
-
-            natives: [...new Set([...x.natives, ...y.natives])],
-            sets: x.sets.slice(),
-            maps: x.maps.slice(),
-        });
-        for (const constant of y.constants) {
-            const target: MetadataConstant = ArrayUtil.take(
-                output.constants,
-                (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
-                () => ({
-                    type: constant.type,
-                    values: [],
-                }),
-            );
-            for (const value of constant.values)
-                ArrayUtil.add(target.values, value);
-        }
-        for (const array of y.arrays)
-            ArrayUtil.set(output.arrays, array, (elem) => elem.name);
-        for (const tuple of y.tuples)
-            ArrayUtil.set(output.tuples, tuple, (elem) => elem.name);
-        for (const obj of y.objects)
-            ArrayUtil.set(output.objects, obj, (elem) => elem.name);
-        for (const alias of y.aliases)
-            ArrayUtil.set(output.aliases, alias, (elem) => elem.name);
-
-        return output;
-    };
-}
-
-const getName = (metadata: Metadata): string => {
-    if (metadata.any === true) return "any";
-
-    const elements: string[] = [];
-
-    // OPTIONAL
-    if (metadata.nullable === true) elements.push("null");
-    if (metadata.isRequired() === false) elements.push("undefined");
-
-    // ATOMIC
-    for (const type of metadata.atomics) {
-        elements.push(type);
-    }
-    for (const constant of metadata.constants)
-        for (const value of constant.values)
-            elements.push(JSON.stringify(value));
-    for (const template of metadata.templates)
-        elements.push(
-            "`" +
-                template
-                    .map((child) =>
-                        child.isConstant() && child.size() === 1
-                            ? child.constants[0]!.values[0]!
-                            : `$\{${child.getName()}\}`,
-                    )
-                    .join("")
-                    .split("`")
-                    .join("\\`") +
-                "`",
-        );
-
-    // NATIVES
-    for (const native of metadata.natives) elements.push(native);
-    for (const set of metadata.sets) elements.push(`Set<${set.getName()}>`);
-    for (const map of metadata.maps)
-        elements.push(`Map<${map.key.getName()}, ${map.value.getName()}>`);
-
-    // INSTANCES
-    if (metadata.rest !== null) elements.push(`...${metadata.rest.getName()}`);
-    for (const tuple of metadata.tuples) elements.push(tuple.name);
-    for (const array of metadata.arrays) elements.push(array.name);
-    for (const object of metadata.objects) elements.push(object.name);
-    for (const alias of metadata.aliases) elements.push(alias.name);
-    if (metadata.resolved !== null) elements.push(metadata.resolved.getName());
-
-    // RETURNS
-    if (elements.length === 0) return "unknown";
-    else if (elements.length === 1) return elements[0]!;
-
-    elements.sort();
-    return `(${elements.join(" | ")})`;
-};
-export namespace Metadata {
-    export interface Entry {
-        key: Metadata;
-        value: Metadata;
-    }
-}
+import { ClassProperties } from "../../typings/ClassProperties";
+import { Writable } from "../../typings/Writable";
+
+import { ArrayUtil } from "../../utils/ArrayUtil";
+
+import { IMetadata } from "./IMetadata";
+import { IMetadataAtomic } from "./IMetadataAtomic";
+import { IMetadataCollection } from "./IMetadataCollection";
+import { IMetadataDictionary } from "./IMetadataDictionary";
+import { MetadataAlias } from "./MetadataAlias";
+import { MetadataArray } from "./MetadataArray";
+import { MetadataConstant } from "./MetadataConstant";
+import { MetadataEscaped } from "./MetadataEscaped";
+import { MetadataObject } from "./MetadataObject";
+import { MetadataProperty } from "./MetadataProperty";
+import { MetadataTuple } from "./MetadataTuple";
+
+export class Metadata {
+    public any: boolean;
+    public required: boolean;
+    public optional: boolean;
+    public nullable: boolean;
+    public functional: boolean;
+
+    public escaped: MetadataEscaped | null;
+    public atomics: IMetadataAtomic[];
+    public constants: MetadataConstant[];
+    public templates: Metadata[][];
+
+    public rest: Metadata | null;
+    public aliases: MetadataAlias[];
+    public arrays: MetadataArray[];
+    public tuples: MetadataTuple[];
+    public objects: MetadataObject[];
+
+    public natives: string[];
+    public sets: Metadata[];
+    public maps: Metadata.Entry[];
+
+    /** @internal */ private name_?: string;
+    /** @internal */ private parent_resolved_: boolean = false;
+    /** @internal */ public union_index?: number;
+    /** @internal */ public fixed_?: number | null;
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        CONSTRUCTORS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    /**
+     * @hidden
+     */
+    private constructor(props: ClassProperties<Metadata>) {
+        this.any = props.any;
+        this.required = props.required;
+        this.optional = props.optional;
+        this.nullable = props.nullable;
+        this.functional = props.functional;
+
+        this.escaped = props.escaped;
+        this.atomics = props.atomics;
+        this.constants = props.constants;
+        this.templates = props.templates;
+
+        this.rest = props.rest;
+        this.arrays = props.arrays;
+        this.tuples = props.tuples;
+        this.objects = props.objects;
+        this.aliases = props.aliases;
+
+        this.natives = props.natives;
+        this.sets = props.sets;
+        this.maps = props.maps;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public static create(props: ClassProperties<Metadata>): Metadata {
+        return new Metadata(props);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public static initialize(parentResolved: boolean = false): Metadata {
+        const meta: Metadata = this.create({
+            any: false,
+            nullable: false,
+            required: true,
+            optional: false,
+            functional: false,
+
+            escaped: null,
+            constants: [],
+            atomics: [],
+            templates: [],
+            arrays: [],
+            tuples: [],
+            objects: [],
+            aliases: [],
+
+            rest: null,
+            natives: [],
+            sets: [],
+            maps: [],
+        });
+        meta.parent_resolved_ = parentResolved;
+        return meta;
+    }
+
+    public toJSON(): IMetadata {
+        return {
+            any: this.any,
+            required: this.required,
+            optional: this.optional,
+            nullable: this.nullable,
+            functional: this.functional,
+
+            atomics: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(this.atomics)),
+            constants: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(this.constants)),
+            templates: this.templates.map((tpl) =>
+                tpl.map((meta) => meta.toJSON()),
+            ),
+            escaped: this.escaped ? this.escaped.toJSON() : null,
+
+            rest: this.rest ? this.rest.toJSON() : null,
+            arrays: this.arrays.map((array) => array.name),
+            tuples: this.tuples.map((tuple) => tuple.name),
+            objects: this.objects.map((obj) => obj.name),
+            aliases: this.aliases.map((alias) => alias.name),
+
+            natives: this.natives.slice(),
+            sets: this.sets.map((meta) => meta.toJSON()),
+            maps: this.maps.map((entry) => ({
+                key: entry.key.toJSON(),
+                value: entry.value.toJSON(),
+            })),
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static from(
+        meta: IMetadata,
+        collection: IMetadataCollection,
+    ): Metadata {
+        const dict: IMetadataDictionary = {
+            objects: new Map(
+                collection.objects.map((obj) => [
+                    obj.name,
+                    MetadataObject._From_without_properties(obj),
+                ]),
+            ),
+            aliases: new Map(
+                collection.aliases.map((alias) => [
+                    alias.name,
+                    MetadataAlias._From_without_value(alias),
+                ]),
+            ),
+            arrays: new Map(
+                collection.arrays.map((arr) => [
+                    arr.name,
+                    MetadataArray._From_without_value(arr),
+                ]),
+            ),
+            tuples: new Map(
+                collection.tuples.map((tpl) => [
+                    tpl.name,
+                    MetadataTuple._From_without_elements(tpl),
+                ]),
+            ),
+        };
+
+        for (const obj of collection.objects) {
+            const initialized = dict.objects.get(obj.name)!;
+            initialized.properties.push(
+                ...obj.properties.map((prop) =>
+                    MetadataProperty._From(prop, dict),
+                ),
+            );
+        }
+        for (const alias of collection.aliases)
+            Writable(dict.aliases.get(alias.name)!).value = this._From(
+                alias.value,
+                dict,
+            );
+        for (const array of collection.arrays)
+            Writable(dict.arrays.get(array.name)!).value = this._From(
+                array.value,
+                dict,
+            );
+        for (const tuple of collection.tuples)
+            Writable(dict.tuples.get(tuple.name)!).elements =
+                tuple.elements.map((elem) => this._From(elem, dict));
+
+        return this._From(meta, dict);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public static _From(meta: IMetadata, dict: IMetadataDictionary): Metadata {
+        return this.create({
+            any: meta.any,
+            required: meta.required,
+            optional: meta.optional,
+            nullable: meta.nullable,
+            functional: meta.functional,
+
+            constants: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(meta.constants)),
+            atomics: JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(meta.atomics)),
+            templates: meta.templates.map((tpl) =>
+                tpl.map((meta) => this._From(meta, dict)),
+            ),
+            escaped: meta.escaped
+                ? MetadataEscaped._From(meta.escaped, dict)
+                : null,
+
+            rest: meta.rest ? this._From(meta.rest, dict) : null,
+            arrays: meta.arrays.map((id) => {
+                const array = dict.arrays.get(id);
+                if (array === undefined)
+                    throw new Error(
+                        `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find array "${id}".`,
+                    );
+                return array;
+            }),
+            tuples: meta.tuples.map((id) => {
+                const tuple = dict.tuples.get(id);
+                if (tuple === undefined)
+                    throw new Error(
+                        `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find tuple "${id}".`,
+                    );
+                return tuple;
+            }),
+            objects: meta.objects.map((name) => {
+                const found = dict.objects.get(name);
+                if (found === undefined)
+                    throw new Error(
+                        `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find object "${name}".`,
+                    );
+                return found;
+            }),
+            aliases: meta.aliases.map((alias) => {
+                const found = dict.aliases.get(alias);
+                if (found === undefined)
+                    throw new Error(
+                        `Error on Metadata.from(): failed to find alias "${alias}".`,
+                    );
+                return found;
+            }),
+
+            natives: meta.natives.slice(),
+            sets: meta.sets.map((meta) => this._From(meta, dict)),
+            maps: meta.maps.map((entry) => ({
+                key: this._From(entry.key, dict),
+                value: this._From(entry.value, dict),
+            })),
+        });
+    }
+
+    /* -----------------------------------------------------------
+        ACCESSORS
+    ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+    public getName(): string {
+        this.name_ ??= getName(this);
+        return this.name_;
+    }
+
+    public empty(): boolean {
+        return this.bucket() === 0 || this.size() === 0;
+    }
+
+    public size(): number {
+        return (
+            (this.any ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.escaped ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.functional ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.rest ? this.rest.size() : 0) +
+            this.templates.length +
+            this.atomics.length +
+            this.constants
+                .map((c) => c.values.length)
+                .reduce((x, y) => x + y, 0) +
+            this.arrays.length +
+            this.tuples.length +
+            this.natives.length +
+            this.maps.length +
+            this.sets.length +
+            this.objects.length +
+            this.aliases.length
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public binarySize(): number {
+        return (
+            new Set<string>([
+                ...this.atomics.map((a) => a.type),
+                ...this.constants.map((c) => c.type),
+                ...(this.templates.length ? ["string"] : []),
+            ]).size +
+            this.arrays.length +
+            this.tuples.length +
+            this.natives.length +
+            this.objects.length +
+            this.maps.length
+        );
+    }
+
+    public bucket(): number {
+        return (
+            (this.any ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.escaped ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.functional ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.templates.length ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.atomics.length ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.constants.length ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.rest ? this.rest.size() : 0) +
+            (this.arrays.length ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.tuples.length ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.natives.length ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.sets.length ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.maps.length ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.objects.length ? 1 : 0) +
+            (this.aliases.length ? 1 : 0)
+        );
+    }
+
+    public isConstant(): boolean {
+        return this.bucket() === (this.constants.length ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+
+    public isRequired(): boolean {
+        return this.required === true && this.optional === false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public isUnionBucket(): boolean {
+        const size: number = this.bucket();
+        const emended: number =
+            !!this.atomics.length && !!this.constants.length ? size - 1 : size;
+        return emended > 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public isBinaryUnion(): boolean {
+        return this.binarySize() > 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public getSoleLiteral(): string | null {
+        if (
+            this.size() === 1 &&
+            this.constants.length === 1 &&
+            this.constants[0]!.type === "string" &&
+            this.constants[0]!.values.length === 1
+        )
+            return this.constants[0]!.values[0] as string;
+        else return null;
+    }
+
+    public isSoleLiteral(): boolean {
+        return this.getSoleLiteral() !== null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    public isParentResolved(): boolean {
+        return this.parent_resolved_;
+    }
+}
+export namespace Metadata {
+    export const intersects = (x: Metadata, y: Metadata): boolean => {
+        // CHECK ANY & OPTIONAL
+        if (x.any || y.any) return true;
+        if (x.isRequired() === false && false === y.isRequired()) return true;
+        if (x.nullable === true && true === y.nullable) return true;
+        if (x.functional === true && y.functional === true) return true;
+
+        //----
+        // INSTANCES
+        //----
+        // ARRAYS
+        if (x.arrays.length && y.arrays.length) return true;
+        if (x.tuples.length && y.tuples.length) return true;
+        if (x.objects.length && y.objects.length) return true;
+        if (x.aliases.length && y.aliases.length) return true;
+
+        // NATIVES
+        if (x.natives.length && y.natives.length)
+            if (x.natives.some((xn) => y.natives.some((yn) => xn === yn)))
+                return true;
+
+        //----
+        // VALUES
+        //----
+        // ATOMICS
+        for (const atomic of x.atomics)
+            if (y.atomics.some((ya) => atomic.type === ya.type)) return true;
+
+        // CONSTANTS
+        for (const constant of x.constants) {
+            const opposite: MetadataConstant | undefined = y.constants.find(
+                (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
+            );
+            if (opposite === undefined) continue;
+
+            const values: Set<any> = new Set([
+                ...constant.values,
+                ...opposite.values,
+            ]);
+            if (values.size !== constant.values.length + opposite.values.length)
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    export const covers = (
+        x: Metadata,
+        y: Metadata,
+        level: number = 0,
+    ): boolean => {
+        // CHECK ANY
+        if (x === y) return false;
+        else if (x.any) return true;
+        else if (y.any) return false;
+
+        //----
+        // INSTANCES
+        //----
+        if (level === 0) {
+            // ARRAYS
+            for (const ya of y.arrays)
+                if (
+                    !x.arrays.some((xa) =>
+                        covers(xa.value, ya.value, level + 1),
+                    )
+                ) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+            // TUPLES
+            for (const yt of y.tuples)
+                if (
+                    yt.elements.length !== 0 &&
+                    x.tuples.some(
+                        (xt) =>
+                            xt.elements.length >= yt.elements.length &&
+                            xt.elements
+                                .slice(yt.elements.length)
+                                .every((xv, i) =>
+                                    covers(xv, yt.elements[i]!, level + 1),
+                                ),
+                    ) === false
+                )
+                    return false;
+        }
+
+        // OBJECTS
+        for (const yo of y.objects)
+            if (x.objects.some((xo) => MetadataObject.covers(xo, yo)) === false)
+                return false;
+
+        // ALIASES
+        for (const yd of y.aliases)
+            if (x.aliases.some((xd) => xd.name === yd.name) === false)
+                return false;
+
+        // NATIVES
+        for (const yn of y.natives)
+            if (x.natives.some((xn) => xn === yn) === false) return false;
+
+        // SETS
+        for (const ys of y.sets)
+            if (x.sets.some((xs) => covers(xs, ys)) === false) return false;
+
+        //----
+        // VALUES
+        //----
+        // ATOMICS
+        if (
+            y.atomics.some(
+                (ya) => x.atomics.some((xa) => xa.type === ya.type) === false,
+            )
+        )
+            return false;
+
+        // CONSTANTS
+        for (const yc of y.constants) {
+            if (x.atomics.some((atom) => yc.type === atom.type)) continue;
+            const xc: MetadataConstant | undefined = x.constants.find(
+                (elem) => elem.type === yc.type,
+            );
+            if (xc === undefined) return false;
+            else if (
+                (yc.values as number[]).some(
+                    (yv) => xc.values.includes(yv as never) === false,
+                )
+            )
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        // FUNCTIONAL
+        if (x.functional === false && y.functional) return false;
+
+        // SUCCESS
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * @internal
+     */
+    export const merge = (x: Metadata, y: Metadata): Metadata => {
+        const output: Metadata = Metadata.create({
+            any: x.any || y.any,
+            nullable: x.nullable || y.nullable,
+            required: x.required && y.required,
+            optional: x.optional || y.optional,
+            functional: x.functional || y.functional,
+
+            escaped:
+                x.escaped !== null && y.escaped !== null
+                    ? //? merge(x.resolved, y.resolved)
+                      MetadataEscaped.create({
+                          original: merge(
+                              x.escaped.original,
+                              y.escaped.original,
+                          ),
+                          returns: merge(x.escaped.returns, y.escaped.returns),
+                      })
+                    : x.escaped ?? y.escaped,
+            atomics: [
+                ...new Set([
+                    ...x.atomics.map((a) => a.type),
+                    ...y.atomics.map((a) => a.type),
+                ]),
+            ].map((type) => ({ type, tags: [] })),
+            constants: [...x.constants],
+            templates: x.templates.slice(),
+
+            rest:
+                x.rest !== null && y.rest !== null
+                    ? merge(x.rest, y.rest)
+                    : x.rest ?? y.rest,
+            arrays: x.arrays.slice(),
+            tuples: x.tuples.slice(),
+            objects: x.objects.slice(),
+            aliases: x.aliases.slice(),
+
+            natives: [...new Set([...x.natives, ...y.natives])],
+            sets: x.sets.slice(),
+            maps: x.maps.slice(),
+        });
+        for (const constant of y.constants) {
+            const target: MetadataConstant = ArrayUtil.take(
+                output.constants,
+                (elem) => elem.type === constant.type,
+                () => ({
+                    type: constant.type,
+                    values: [],
+                }),
+            );
+            for (const value of constant.values)
+                ArrayUtil.add(target.values, value);
+        }
+        for (const array of y.arrays)
+            ArrayUtil.set(output.arrays, array, (elem) => elem.name);
+        for (const tuple of y.tuples)
+            ArrayUtil.set(output.tuples, tuple, (elem) => elem.name);
+        for (const obj of y.objects)
+            ArrayUtil.set(output.objects, obj, (elem) => elem.name);
+        for (const alias of y.aliases)
+            ArrayUtil.set(output.aliases, alias, (elem) => elem.name);
+
+        return output;
+    };
+}
+
+const getName = (metadata: Metadata): string => {
+    if (metadata.any === true) return "any";
+
+    const elements: string[] = [];
+
+    // OPTIONAL
+    if (metadata.nullable === true) elements.push("null");
+    if (metadata.isRequired() === false) elements.push("undefined");
+
+    // ATOMIC
+    for (const atom of metadata.atomics) {
+        elements.push(atom.type);
+    }
+    for (const constant of metadata.constants)
+        for (const value of constant.values)
+            elements.push(JSON.stringify(value));
+    for (const template of metadata.templates)
+        elements.push(
+            "`" +
+                template
+                    .map((child) =>
+                        child.isConstant() && child.size() === 1
+                            ? child.constants[0]!.values[0]!
+                            : `$\{${child.getName()}\}`,
+                    )
+                    .join("")
+                    .split("`")
+                    .join("\\`") +
+                "`",
+        );
+
+    // NATIVES
+    for (const native of metadata.natives) elements.push(native);
+    for (const set of metadata.sets) elements.push(`Set<${set.getName()}>`);
+    for (const map of metadata.maps)
+        elements.push(`Map<${map.key.getName()}, ${map.value.getName()}>`);
+
+    // INSTANCES
+    if (metadata.rest !== null) elements.push(`...${metadata.rest.getName()}`);
+    for (const tuple of metadata.tuples) elements.push(tuple.name);
+    for (const array of metadata.arrays) elements.push(array.name);
+    for (const object of metadata.objects) elements.push(object.name);
+    for (const alias of metadata.aliases) elements.push(alias.name);
+    if (metadata.escaped !== null) elements.push(metadata.escaped.getName());
+
+    // RETURNS
+    if (elements.length === 0) return "unknown";
+    else if (elements.length === 1) return elements[0]!;
+
+    elements.sort();
+    return `(${elements.join(" | ")})`;
+};
+export namespace Metadata {
+    export interface Entry {
+        key: Metadata;
+        value: Metadata;
+    }
+}