tulingcode 0.1.0

package/test/provider/transform.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,3379 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { ProviderTransform, type Provider } from "../../src/provider"
+import { ModelID, ProviderID } from "../../src/provider/schema"
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.options - setCacheKey", () => {
+  const sessionID = "test-session-123"
+
+  const mockModel = {
+    id: "anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet",
+    providerID: "anthropic",
+    api: {
+      id: "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
+      url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+      npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+    },
+    name: "Claude 3.5 Sonnet",
+    capabilities: {
+      temperature: true,
+      reasoning: false,
+      attachment: true,
+      toolcall: true,
+      input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: true },
+      output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+      interleaved: false,
+    },
+    cost: {
+      input: 0.003,
+      output: 0.015,
+      cache: { read: 0.0003, write: 0.00375 },
+    },
+    limit: {
+      context: 200000,
+      output: 8192,
+    },
+    status: "active",
+    options: {},
+    headers: {},
+  } as any
+
+  test("should set promptCacheKey when providerOptions.setCacheKey is true", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({
+      model: mockModel,
+      sessionID,
+      providerOptions: { setCacheKey: true },
+    })
+    expect(result.promptCacheKey).toBe(sessionID)
+  })
+
+  test("should not set promptCacheKey when providerOptions.setCacheKey is false", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({
+      model: mockModel,
+      sessionID,
+      providerOptions: { setCacheKey: false },
+    })
+    expect(result.promptCacheKey).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("should not set promptCacheKey when providerOptions is undefined", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({
+      model: mockModel,
+      sessionID,
+      providerOptions: undefined,
+    })
+    expect(result.promptCacheKey).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("should not set promptCacheKey when providerOptions does not have setCacheKey", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model: mockModel, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result.promptCacheKey).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("should set promptCacheKey for openai provider regardless of setCacheKey", () => {
+    const openaiModel = {
+      ...mockModel,
+      providerID: "openai",
+      api: {
+        id: "gpt-4",
+        url: "https://api.openai.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+      },
+    }
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model: openaiModel, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result.promptCacheKey).toBe(sessionID)
+  })
+
+  test("should set store=false for openai provider", () => {
+    const openaiModel = {
+      ...mockModel,
+      providerID: "openai",
+      api: {
+        id: "gpt-4",
+        url: "https://api.openai.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+      },
+    }
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({
+      model: openaiModel,
+      sessionID,
+      providerOptions: {},
+    })
+    expect(result.store).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  test("should set store=true for azure provider by default", () => {
+    const azureModel = {
+      ...mockModel,
+      providerID: "azure",
+      api: {
+        id: "gpt-4",
+        url: "https://azure.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/azure",
+      },
+    }
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({
+      model: azureModel,
+      sessionID,
+      providerOptions: {},
+    })
+    expect(result.store).toBe(true)
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.maxOutputTokens", () => {
+  const baseModel: Provider.Model = {
+    id: ModelID.make("model"),
+    providerID: ProviderID.make("test"),
+    api: {
+      id: "model",
+      url: "https://example.com",
+      npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+    },
+    name: "Test Model",
+    capabilities: {
+      temperature: true,
+      reasoning: true,
+      attachment: false,
+      toolcall: true,
+      input: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+      output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+      interleaved: false,
+    },
+    cost: { input: 0, output: 0, cache: { read: 0, write: 0 } },
+    limit: { context: 1_000_000, output: 8_192 },
+    status: "active",
+    options: {},
+    headers: {},
+    release_date: "2026-01-01",
+  }
+
+  test("uses 128K for mimo provider models", () => {
+    expect(
+      ProviderTransform.maxOutputTokens({
+        ...baseModel,
+        id: ModelID.make("mimo-auto"),
+        providerID: ProviderID.make("mimo"),
+      }),
+    ).toBe(128_000)
+  })
+
+  test("uses 128K for xiaomi provider models", () => {
+    expect(
+      ProviderTransform.maxOutputTokens({
+        ...baseModel,
+        id: ModelID.make("TulingCoder"),
+        providerID: ProviderID.make("xiaomi"),
+      }),
+    ).toBe(128_000)
+  })
+
+  test("keeps the default cap for non-mimo models", () => {
+    expect(ProviderTransform.maxOutputTokens({ ...baseModel, limit: { context: 1_000_000, output: 64_000 } })).toBe(
+      32_000,
+    )
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.options - zai/zhipuai thinking", () => {
+  const sessionID = "test-session-123"
+
+  const createModel = (providerID: string) =>
+    ({
+      id: `${providerID}/glm-4.6`,
+      providerID,
+      api: {
+        id: "glm-4.6",
+        url: "https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+      },
+      name: "GLM 4.6",
+      capabilities: {
+        temperature: true,
+        reasoning: true,
+        attachment: true,
+        toolcall: true,
+        input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: true },
+        output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+        interleaved: false,
+      },
+      cost: {
+        input: 0.001,
+        output: 0.002,
+        cache: { read: 0.0001, write: 0.0002 },
+      },
+      limit: {
+        context: 128000,
+        output: 8192,
+      },
+      status: "active",
+      options: {},
+      headers: {},
+    }) as any
+
+  for (const providerID of ["zai-coding-plan", "zai", "zhipuai-coding-plan", "zhipuai"]) {
+    test(`${providerID} should set thinking cfg`, () => {
+      const result = ProviderTransform.options({
+        model: createModel(providerID),
+        sessionID,
+        providerOptions: {},
+      })
+
+      expect(result.thinking).toEqual({
+        type: "enabled",
+        clear_thinking: false,
+      })
+    })
+  }
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.options - google thinkingConfig gating", () => {
+  const sessionID = "test-session-123"
+
+  const createGoogleModel = (reasoning: boolean, npm: "@ai-sdk/google" | "@ai-sdk/google-vertex") =>
+    ({
+      id: `${npm === "@ai-sdk/google" ? "google" : "google-vertex"}/gemini-2.0-flash`,
+      providerID: npm === "@ai-sdk/google" ? "google" : "google-vertex",
+      api: {
+        id: "gemini-2.0-flash",
+        url: npm === "@ai-sdk/google" ? "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com" : "https://vertexai.googleapis.com",
+        npm,
+      },
+      name: "Gemini 2.0 Flash",
+      capabilities: {
+        temperature: true,
+        reasoning,
+        attachment: true,
+        toolcall: true,
+        input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: true },
+        output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+        interleaved: false,
+      },
+      cost: {
+        input: 0.001,
+        output: 0.002,
+        cache: { read: 0.0001, write: 0.0002 },
+      },
+      limit: {
+        context: 1_000_000,
+        output: 8192,
+      },
+      status: "active",
+      options: {},
+      headers: {},
+    }) as any
+
+  test("does not set thinkingConfig for google models without reasoning capability", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({
+      model: createGoogleModel(false, "@ai-sdk/google"),
+      sessionID,
+      providerOptions: {},
+    })
+    expect(result.thinkingConfig).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("sets thinkingConfig for google models with reasoning capability", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({
+      model: createGoogleModel(true, "@ai-sdk/google"),
+      sessionID,
+      providerOptions: {},
+    })
+    expect(result.thinkingConfig).toEqual({
+      includeThoughts: true,
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("does not set thinkingConfig for vertex models without reasoning capability", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({
+      model: createGoogleModel(false, "@ai-sdk/google-vertex"),
+      sessionID,
+      providerOptions: {},
+    })
+    expect(result.thinkingConfig).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.options - gpt-5 textVerbosity", () => {
+  const sessionID = "test-session-123"
+
+  const createGpt5Model = (apiId: string) =>
+    ({
+      id: `openai/${apiId}`,
+      providerID: "openai",
+      api: {
+        id: apiId,
+        url: "https://api.openai.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+      },
+      name: apiId,
+      capabilities: {
+        temperature: true,
+        reasoning: true,
+        attachment: true,
+        toolcall: true,
+        input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: false },
+        output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+        interleaved: false,
+      },
+      cost: { input: 0.03, output: 0.06, cache: { read: 0.001, write: 0.002 } },
+      limit: { context: 128000, output: 4096 },
+      status: "active",
+      options: {},
+      headers: {},
+    }) as any
+
+  test("gpt-5.2 should have textVerbosity set to low", () => {
+    const model = createGpt5Model("gpt-5.2")
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result.textVerbosity).toBe("low")
+  })
+
+  test("gpt-5.1 should have textVerbosity set to low", () => {
+    const model = createGpt5Model("gpt-5.1")
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result.textVerbosity).toBe("low")
+  })
+
+  test("gpt-5.2-chat-latest should NOT have textVerbosity set (only supports medium)", () => {
+    const model = createGpt5Model("gpt-5.2-chat-latest")
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result.textVerbosity).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("gpt-5.1-chat-latest should NOT have textVerbosity set (only supports medium)", () => {
+    const model = createGpt5Model("gpt-5.1-chat-latest")
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result.textVerbosity).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("gpt-5.2-chat should NOT have textVerbosity set", () => {
+    const model = createGpt5Model("gpt-5.2-chat")
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result.textVerbosity).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("gpt-5-chat should NOT have textVerbosity set", () => {
+    const model = createGpt5Model("gpt-5-chat")
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result.textVerbosity).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("gpt-5.2-codex should NOT have textVerbosity set (codex models excluded)", () => {
+    const model = createGpt5Model("gpt-5.2-codex")
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result.textVerbosity).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.options - gateway", () => {
+  const sessionID = "test-session-123"
+
+  const createModel = (id: string) =>
+    ({
+      id,
+      providerID: "vercel",
+      api: {
+        id,
+        url: "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v3/ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+      },
+      name: id,
+      capabilities: {
+        temperature: true,
+        reasoning: true,
+        attachment: true,
+        toolcall: true,
+        input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: true },
+        output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+        interleaved: false,
+      },
+      cost: {
+        input: 0.001,
+        output: 0.002,
+        cache: { read: 0.0001, write: 0.0002 },
+      },
+      limit: {
+        context: 200_000,
+        output: 8192,
+      },
+      status: "active",
+      options: {},
+      headers: {},
+      release_date: "2024-01-01",
+    }) as any
+
+  test("puts gateway defaults under gateway key", () => {
+    const model = createModel("anthropic/claude-sonnet-4")
+    const result = ProviderTransform.options({ model, sessionID, providerOptions: {} })
+    expect(result).toEqual({
+      gateway: {
+        caching: "auto",
+      },
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.providerOptions", () => {
+  const createModel = (overrides: Partial<any> = {}) =>
+    ({
+      id: "test/test-model",
+      providerID: "test",
+      api: {
+        id: "test-model",
+        url: "https://api.test.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+      },
+      name: "Test Model",
+      capabilities: {
+        temperature: true,
+        reasoning: true,
+        attachment: true,
+        toolcall: true,
+        input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: false },
+        output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+        interleaved: false,
+      },
+      cost: {
+        input: 0.001,
+        output: 0.002,
+        cache: { read: 0.0001, write: 0.0002 },
+      },
+      limit: {
+        context: 200_000,
+        output: 64_000,
+      },
+      status: "active",
+      options: {},
+      headers: {},
+      release_date: "2024-01-01",
+      ...overrides,
+    }) as any
+
+  test("uses sdk key for non-gateway models", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      providerID: "my-bedrock",
+      api: {
+        id: "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4",
+        url: "https://bedrock.aws",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(ProviderTransform.providerOptions(model, { cachePoint: { type: "default" } })).toEqual({
+      bedrock: { cachePoint: { type: "default" } },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("uses gateway model provider slug for gateway models", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      providerID: "vercel",
+      api: {
+        id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
+        url: "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v3/ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(ProviderTransform.providerOptions(model, { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 12_000 } })).toEqual({
+      anthropic: { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 12_000 } },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("falls back to gateway key when gateway api id is unscoped", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
+      providerID: "vercel",
+      api: {
+        id: "claude-sonnet-4",
+        url: "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v3/ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(ProviderTransform.providerOptions(model, { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 12_000 } })).toEqual({
+      gateway: { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 12_000 } },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("splits gateway routing options from provider-specific options", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      providerID: "vercel",
+      api: {
+        id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
+        url: "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v3/ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(
+      ProviderTransform.providerOptions(model, {
+        gateway: { order: ["vertex", "anthropic"] },
+        thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 12_000 },
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      gateway: { order: ["vertex", "anthropic"] },
+      anthropic: { thinking: { type: "enabled", budgetTokens: 12_000 } },
+    } as any)
+  })
+
+  test("falls back to gateway key when model id has no provider slug", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      id: "claude-sonnet-4",
+      providerID: "vercel",
+      api: {
+        id: "claude-sonnet-4",
+        url: "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v3/ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(ProviderTransform.providerOptions(model, { reasoningEffort: "high" })).toEqual({
+      gateway: { reasoningEffort: "high" },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("maps amazon slug to bedrock for provider options", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      providerID: "vercel",
+      api: {
+        id: "amazon/nova-2-lite",
+        url: "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v3/ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(ProviderTransform.providerOptions(model, { reasoningConfig: { type: "enabled" } })).toEqual({
+      bedrock: { reasoningConfig: { type: "enabled" } },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("uses groq slug for groq models", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      providerID: "vercel",
+      api: {
+        id: "groq/llama-3.3-70b-versatile",
+        url: "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v3/ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+      },
+    })
+
+    expect(ProviderTransform.providerOptions(model, { reasoningFormat: "parsed" })).toEqual({
+      groq: { reasoningFormat: "parsed" },
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.schema - gemini array items", () => {
+  test("adds missing items for array properties", () => {
+    const geminiModel = {
+      providerID: "google",
+      api: {
+        id: "gemini-3-pro",
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        nodes: { type: "array" },
+        edges: { type: "array", items: { type: "string" } },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(result.properties.nodes.items).toBeDefined()
+    expect(result.properties.edges.items.type).toBe("string")
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.schema - gemini nested array items", () => {
+  const geminiModel = {
+    providerID: "google",
+    api: {
+      id: "gemini-3-pro",
+    },
+  } as any
+
+  test("adds type to 2D array with empty inner items", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        values: {
+          type: "array",
+          items: {
+            type: "array",
+            items: {}, // Empty items object
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    // Inner items should have a default type
+    expect(result.properties.values.items.items.type).toBe("string")
+  })
+
+  test("adds items and type to 2D array with missing inner items", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        data: {
+          type: "array",
+          items: { type: "array" }, // No items at all
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(result.properties.data.items.items).toBeDefined()
+    expect(result.properties.data.items.items.type).toBe("string")
+  })
+
+  test("handles deeply nested arrays (3D)", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        matrix: {
+          type: "array",
+          items: {
+            type: "array",
+            items: {
+              type: "array",
+              // No items
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(result.properties.matrix.items.items.items).toBeDefined()
+    expect(result.properties.matrix.items.items.items.type).toBe("string")
+  })
+
+  test("preserves existing item types in nested arrays", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        numbers: {
+          type: "array",
+          items: {
+            type: "array",
+            items: { type: "number" }, // Has explicit type
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    // Should preserve the explicit type
+    expect(result.properties.numbers.items.items.type).toBe("number")
+  })
+
+  test("handles mixed nested structures with objects and arrays", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        spreadsheetData: {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: {
+            rows: {
+              type: "array",
+              items: {
+                type: "array",
+                items: {}, // Empty items
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(result.properties.spreadsheetData.properties.rows.items.items.type).toBe("string")
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.schema - gemini combiner nodes", () => {
+  const geminiModel = {
+    providerID: "google",
+    api: {
+      id: "gemini-3-pro",
+    },
+  } as any
+
+  const walk = (node: any, cb: (node: any, path: (string | number)[]) => void, path: (string | number)[] = []) => {
+    if (node === null || typeof node !== "object") {
+      return
+    }
+    if (Array.isArray(node)) {
+      node.forEach((item, i) => walk(item, cb, [...path, i]))
+      return
+    }
+    cb(node, path)
+    Object.entries(node).forEach(([key, value]) => walk(value, cb, [...path, key]))
+  }
+
+  test("keeps edits.items.anyOf without adding type", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        edits: {
+          type: "array",
+          items: {
+            anyOf: [
+              {
+                type: "object",
+                properties: {
+                  old_string: { type: "string" },
+                  new_string: { type: "string" },
+                },
+                required: ["old_string", "new_string"],
+              },
+              {
+                type: "object",
+                properties: {
+                  old_string: { type: "string" },
+                  new_string: { type: "string" },
+                  replace_all: { type: "boolean" },
+                },
+                required: ["old_string", "new_string"],
+              },
+            ],
+          },
+        },
+      },
+      required: ["edits"],
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(Array.isArray(result.properties.edits.items.anyOf)).toBe(true)
+    expect(result.properties.edits.items.type).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("does not add sibling keys to combiner nodes during sanitize", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        edits: {
+          type: "array",
+          items: {
+            anyOf: [{ type: "string" }, { type: "number" }],
+          },
+        },
+        value: {
+          oneOf: [{ type: "string" }, { type: "boolean" }],
+        },
+        meta: {
+          allOf: [
+            {
+              type: "object",
+              properties: { a: { type: "string" } },
+            },
+            {
+              type: "object",
+              properties: { b: { type: "string" } },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+    const input = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(schema))
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    walk(result, (node, path) => {
+      const hasCombiner = Array.isArray(node.anyOf) || Array.isArray(node.oneOf) || Array.isArray(node.allOf)
+      if (!hasCombiner) {
+        return
+      }
+      const before = path.reduce((acc: any, key) => acc?.[key], input)
+      const added = Object.keys(node).filter((key) => !(key in before))
+      expect(added).toEqual([])
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.schema - gemini non-object properties removal", () => {
+  const geminiModel = {
+    providerID: "google",
+    api: {
+      id: "gemini-3-pro",
+    },
+  } as any
+
+  test("removes properties from non-object types", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        data: {
+          type: "string",
+          properties: { invalid: { type: "string" } },
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(result.properties.data.type).toBe("string")
+    expect(result.properties.data.properties).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("removes required from non-object types", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        data: {
+          type: "array",
+          items: { type: "string" },
+          required: ["invalid"],
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(result.properties.data.type).toBe("array")
+    expect(result.properties.data.required).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("removes properties and required from nested non-object types", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        outer: {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: {
+            inner: {
+              type: "number",
+              properties: { bad: { type: "string" } },
+              required: ["bad"],
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(result.properties.outer.properties.inner.type).toBe("number")
+    expect(result.properties.outer.properties.inner.properties).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.properties.outer.properties.inner.required).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("keeps properties and required on object types", () => {
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        data: {
+          type: "object",
+          properties: { name: { type: "string" } },
+          required: ["name"],
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(geminiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(result.properties.data.type).toBe("object")
+    expect(result.properties.data.properties).toBeDefined()
+    expect(result.properties.data.required).toEqual(["name"])
+  })
+
+  test("does not affect non-gemini providers", () => {
+    const openaiModel = {
+      providerID: "openai",
+      api: {
+        id: "gpt-4",
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const schema = {
+      type: "object",
+      properties: {
+        data: {
+          type: "string",
+          properties: { invalid: { type: "string" } },
+        },
+      },
+    } as any
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(openaiModel, schema) as any
+
+    expect(result.properties.data.properties).toBeDefined()
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.message - DeepSeek reasoning content", () => {
+  test("DeepSeek with tool calls includes reasoning_content in providerOptions", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "reasoning", text: "Let me think about this..." },
+          {
+            type: "tool-call",
+            toolCallId: "test",
+            toolName: "bash",
+            input: { command: "echo hello" },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(
+      msgs,
+      {
+        id: ModelID.make("deepseek/deepseek-chat"),
+        providerID: ProviderID.make("deepseek"),
+        api: {
+          id: "deepseek-chat",
+          url: "https://api.deepseek.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        },
+        name: "DeepSeek Chat",
+        capabilities: {
+          temperature: true,
+          reasoning: true,
+          attachment: false,
+          toolcall: true,
+          input: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+          output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+          interleaved: {
+            field: "reasoning_content",
+          },
+        },
+        cost: {
+          input: 0.001,
+          output: 0.002,
+          cache: { read: 0.0001, write: 0.0002 },
+        },
+        limit: {
+          context: 128000,
+          output: 8192,
+        },
+        status: "active",
+        options: {},
+        headers: {},
+        release_date: "2023-04-01",
+      },
+      {},
+    )
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content).toEqual([
+      {
+        type: "tool-call",
+        toolCallId: "test",
+        toolName: "bash",
+        input: { command: "echo hello" },
+      },
+    ])
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.openaiCompatible?.reasoning_content).toBe("Let me think about this...")
+  })
+
+  test("Non-DeepSeek providers leave reasoning content unchanged", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "reasoning", text: "Should not be processed" },
+          { type: "text", text: "Answer" },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(
+      msgs,
+      {
+        id: ModelID.make("openai/gpt-4"),
+        providerID: ProviderID.make("openai"),
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-4",
+          url: "https://api.openai.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+        },
+        name: "GPT-4",
+        capabilities: {
+          temperature: true,
+          reasoning: false,
+          attachment: true,
+          toolcall: true,
+          input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: false },
+          output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+          interleaved: false,
+        },
+        cost: {
+          input: 0.03,
+          output: 0.06,
+          cache: { read: 0.001, write: 0.002 },
+        },
+        limit: {
+          context: 128000,
+          output: 4096,
+        },
+        status: "active",
+        options: {},
+        headers: {},
+        release_date: "2023-04-01",
+      },
+      {},
+    )
+
+    expect(result[0].content).toEqual([
+      { type: "reasoning", text: "Should not be processed" },
+      { type: "text", text: "Answer" },
+    ])
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.openaiCompatible?.reasoning_content).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.message - empty image handling", () => {
+  const mockModel = {
+    id: "anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet",
+    providerID: "anthropic",
+    api: {
+      id: "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
+      url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+      npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+    },
+    name: "Claude 3.5 Sonnet",
+    capabilities: {
+      temperature: true,
+      reasoning: false,
+      attachment: true,
+      toolcall: true,
+      input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: true },
+      output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+      interleaved: false,
+    },
+    cost: {
+      input: 0.003,
+      output: 0.015,
+      cache: { read: 0.0003, write: 0.00375 },
+    },
+    limit: {
+      context: 200000,
+      output: 8192,
+    },
+    status: "active",
+    options: {},
+    headers: {},
+  } as any
+
+  test("should replace empty base64 image with error text", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: [
+          { type: "text", text: "What is in this image?" },
+          { type: "image", image: "data:image/png;base64," },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, mockModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(result[0].content[0]).toEqual({ type: "text", text: "What is in this image?" })
+    expect(result[0].content[1]).toEqual({
+      type: "text",
+      text: "ERROR: Image file is empty or corrupted. Please provide a valid image.",
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("should keep valid base64 images unchanged", () => {
+    const validBase64 =
+      "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M9QDwADhgGAWjR9awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: [
+          { type: "text", text: "What is in this image?" },
+          { type: "image", image: `data:image/png;base64,${validBase64}` },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, mockModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(result[0].content[0]).toEqual({ type: "text", text: "What is in this image?" })
+    expect(result[0].content[1]).toEqual({ type: "image", image: `data:image/png;base64,${validBase64}` })
+  })
+
+  test("should handle mixed valid and empty images", () => {
+    const validBase64 =
+      "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M9QDwADhgGAWjR9awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: [
+          { type: "text", text: "Compare these images" },
+          { type: "image", image: `data:image/png;base64,${validBase64}` },
+          { type: "image", image: "data:image/jpeg;base64," },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, mockModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content).toHaveLength(3)
+    expect(result[0].content[0]).toEqual({ type: "text", text: "Compare these images" })
+    expect(result[0].content[1]).toEqual({ type: "image", image: `data:image/png;base64,${validBase64}` })
+    expect(result[0].content[2]).toEqual({
+      type: "text",
+      text: "ERROR: Image file is empty or corrupted. Please provide a valid image.",
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.message - anthropic empty content filtering", () => {
+  const anthropicModel = {
+    id: "anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet",
+    providerID: "anthropic",
+    api: {
+      id: "claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022",
+      url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+      npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+    },
+    name: "Claude 3.5 Sonnet",
+    capabilities: {
+      temperature: true,
+      reasoning: false,
+      attachment: true,
+      toolcall: true,
+      input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: true },
+      output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+      interleaved: false,
+    },
+    cost: {
+      input: 0.003,
+      output: 0.015,
+      cache: { read: 0.0003, write: 0.00375 },
+    },
+    limit: {
+      context: 200000,
+      output: 8192,
+    },
+    status: "active",
+    options: {},
+    headers: {},
+  } as any
+
+  test("filters out messages with empty string content", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      { role: "user", content: "Hello" },
+      { role: "assistant", content: "" },
+      { role: "user", content: "World" },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(result[0].content).toBe("Hello")
+    expect(result[1].content).toBe("World")
+  })
+
+  test("filters out empty text parts from array content", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "text", text: "" },
+          { type: "text", text: "Hello" },
+          { type: "text", text: "" },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content[0]).toEqual({ type: "text", text: "Hello" })
+  })
+
+  test("filters out empty reasoning parts from array content", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "reasoning", text: "" },
+          { type: "text", text: "Answer" },
+          { type: "reasoning", text: "" },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content[0]).toEqual({ type: "text", text: "Answer" })
+  })
+
+  test("removes entire message when all parts are empty", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      { role: "user", content: "Hello" },
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "text", text: "" },
+          { type: "reasoning", text: "" },
+        ],
+      },
+      { role: "user", content: "World" },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(result[0].content).toBe("Hello")
+    expect(result[1].content).toBe("World")
+  })
+
+  test("keeps non-text/reasoning parts even if text parts are empty", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "text", text: "" },
+          { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "123", toolName: "bash", input: { command: "ls" } },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content[0]).toEqual({
+      type: "tool-call",
+      toolCallId: "123",
+      toolName: "bash",
+      input: { command: "ls" },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("keeps messages with valid text alongside empty parts", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "reasoning", text: "Thinking..." },
+          { type: "text", text: "" },
+          { type: "text", text: "Result" },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(result[0].content[0]).toEqual({ type: "reasoning", text: "Thinking..." })
+    expect(result[0].content[1]).toEqual({ type: "text", text: "Result" })
+  })
+
+  test("filters empty content for bedrock provider", () => {
+    const bedrockModel = {
+      ...anthropicModel,
+      id: "amazon-bedrock/anthropic.claude-opus-4-6",
+      providerID: "amazon-bedrock",
+      api: {
+        id: "anthropic.claude-opus-4-6",
+        url: "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+      },
+    }
+
+    const msgs = [
+      { role: "user", content: "Hello" },
+      { role: "assistant", content: "" },
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "text", text: "" },
+          { type: "text", text: "Answer" },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, bedrockModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(result[0].content).toBe("Hello")
+    expect(result[1].content).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[1].content[0]).toEqual({ type: "text", text: "Answer" })
+  })
+
+  test("does not filter for non-anthropic providers", () => {
+    const openaiModel = {
+      ...anthropicModel,
+      providerID: "openai",
+      api: {
+        id: "gpt-4",
+        url: "https://api.openai.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+      },
+    }
+
+    const msgs = [
+      { role: "assistant", content: "" },
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [{ type: "text", text: "" }],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, openaiModel, {})
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(result[0].content).toBe("")
+    expect(result[1].content).toHaveLength(1)
+  })
+
+  test("splits anthropic assistant messages when text trails tool calls", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: [{ type: "text", text: "Check my home directory for PDFs" }],
+      },
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_1", toolName: "read", input: { filePath: "/root" } },
+          { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_2", toolName: "glob", input: { pattern: "**/*.pdf" } },
+          { type: "text", text: "I checked your home directory and looked for PDF files." },
+        ],
+      },
+      {
+        role: "tool",
+        content: [
+          { type: "tool-result", toolCallId: "toolu_1", toolName: "read", output: { type: "text", value: "ok" } },
+          {
+            type: "tool-result",
+            toolCallId: "toolu_2",
+            toolName: "glob",
+            output: { type: "text", value: "No files found" },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(4)
+    expect(result[1]).toMatchObject({
+      role: "assistant",
+      content: [{ type: "text", text: "I checked your home directory and looked for PDF files." }],
+    })
+    expect(result[2]).toMatchObject({
+      role: "assistant",
+      content: [
+        { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_1", toolName: "read", input: { filePath: "/root" } },
+        { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_2", toolName: "glob", input: { pattern: "**/*.pdf" } },
+      ],
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("leaves valid anthropic assistant tool ordering unchanged", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "text", text: "I checked your home directory and looked for PDF files." },
+          { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_1", toolName: "read", input: { filePath: "/root" } },
+          { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_2", toolName: "glob", input: { pattern: "**/*.pdf" } },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content).toMatchObject([
+      { type: "text", text: "I checked your home directory and looked for PDF files." },
+      { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_1", toolName: "read", input: { filePath: "/root" } },
+      { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_2", toolName: "glob", input: { pattern: "**/*.pdf" } },
+    ])
+  })
+
+  test("splits vertex anthropic assistant messages when text trails tool calls", () => {
+    const model = {
+      ...anthropicModel,
+      providerID: "google-vertex-anthropic",
+      api: {
+        id: "claude-sonnet-4@20250514",
+        url: "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
+      },
+    }
+
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_1", toolName: "read", input: { filePath: "/root" } },
+          { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_2", toolName: "glob", input: { pattern: "**/*.pdf" } },
+          { type: "text", text: "I checked your home directory and looked for PDF files." },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(result[0]).toMatchObject({
+      role: "assistant",
+      content: [{ type: "text", text: "I checked your home directory and looked for PDF files." }],
+    })
+    expect(result[1]).toMatchObject({
+      role: "assistant",
+      content: [
+        { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_1", toolName: "read", input: { filePath: "/root" } },
+        { type: "tool-call", toolCallId: "toolu_2", toolName: "glob", input: { pattern: "**/*.pdf" } },
+      ],
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.message - strip openai metadata when store=false", () => {
+  const openaiModel = {
+    id: "openai/gpt-5",
+    providerID: "openai",
+    api: {
+      id: "gpt-5",
+      url: "https://api.openai.com",
+      npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+    },
+    name: "GPT-5",
+    capabilities: {
+      temperature: true,
+      reasoning: true,
+      attachment: true,
+      toolcall: true,
+      input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: false },
+      output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+      interleaved: false,
+    },
+    cost: { input: 0.03, output: 0.06, cache: { read: 0.001, write: 0.002 } },
+    limit: { context: 128000, output: 4096 },
+    status: "active",
+    options: {},
+    headers: {},
+  } as any
+
+  test("preserves itemId and reasoningEncryptedContent when store=false", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: "reasoning",
+            text: "thinking...",
+            providerOptions: {
+              openai: {
+                itemId: "rs_123",
+                reasoningEncryptedContent: "encrypted",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            text: "Hello",
+            providerOptions: {
+              openai: {
+                itemId: "msg_456",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, openaiModel, { store: false }) as any[]
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("rs_123")
+    expect(result[0].content[1].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("msg_456")
+  })
+
+  test("preserves itemId and reasoningEncryptedContent when store=false even when not openai", () => {
+    const zenModel = {
+      ...openaiModel,
+      providerID: "zen",
+    }
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: "reasoning",
+            text: "thinking...",
+            providerOptions: {
+              openai: {
+                itemId: "rs_123",
+                reasoningEncryptedContent: "encrypted",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            text: "Hello",
+            providerOptions: {
+              openai: {
+                itemId: "msg_456",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, zenModel, { store: false }) as any[]
+
+    expect(result).toHaveLength(1)
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("rs_123")
+    expect(result[0].content[1].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("msg_456")
+  })
+
+  test("preserves other openai options including itemId", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            text: "Hello",
+            providerOptions: {
+              openai: {
+                itemId: "msg_123",
+                otherOption: "value",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, openaiModel, { store: false }) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("msg_123")
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.openai?.otherOption).toBe("value")
+  })
+
+  test("preserves metadata for openai package when store is true", () => {
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            text: "Hello",
+            providerOptions: {
+              openai: {
+                itemId: "msg_123",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    // openai package preserves itemId regardless of store value
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, openaiModel, { store: true }) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("msg_123")
+  })
+
+  test("preserves metadata for non-openai packages when store is false", () => {
+    const anthropicModel = {
+      ...openaiModel,
+      providerID: "anthropic",
+      api: {
+        id: "claude-3",
+        url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+      },
+    }
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            text: "Hello",
+            providerOptions: {
+              openai: {
+                itemId: "msg_123",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    // store=false preserves metadata for non-openai packages
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, { store: false }) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("msg_123")
+  })
+
+  test("preserves metadata using providerID key when store is false", () => {
+    const opencodeModel = {
+      ...openaiModel,
+      providerID: "opencode",
+      api: {
+        id: "opencode-test",
+        url: "https://api.tulingcode.ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+      },
+    }
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            text: "Hello",
+            providerOptions: {
+              opencode: {
+                itemId: "msg_123",
+                otherOption: "value",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, opencodeModel, { store: false }) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.opencode?.itemId).toBe("msg_123")
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.opencode?.otherOption).toBe("value")
+  })
+
+  test("preserves itemId across all providerOptions keys", () => {
+    const opencodeModel = {
+      ...openaiModel,
+      providerID: "opencode",
+      api: {
+        id: "opencode-test",
+        url: "https://api.tulingcode.ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+      },
+    }
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        providerOptions: {
+          openai: { itemId: "msg_root" },
+          opencode: { itemId: "msg_opencode" },
+          extra: { itemId: "msg_extra" },
+        },
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            text: "Hello",
+            providerOptions: {
+              openai: { itemId: "msg_openai_part" },
+              opencode: { itemId: "msg_opencode_part" },
+              extra: { itemId: "msg_extra_part" },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, opencodeModel, { store: false }) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("msg_root")
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.opencode?.itemId).toBe("msg_opencode")
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.extra?.itemId).toBe("msg_extra")
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("msg_openai_part")
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.opencode?.itemId).toBe("msg_opencode_part")
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.extra?.itemId).toBe("msg_extra_part")
+  })
+
+  test("does not strip metadata for non-openai packages when store is not false", () => {
+    const anthropicModel = {
+      ...openaiModel,
+      providerID: "anthropic",
+      api: {
+        id: "claude-3",
+        url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+      },
+    }
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "assistant",
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            text: "Hello",
+            providerOptions: {
+              openai: {
+                itemId: "msg_123",
+              },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, anthropicModel, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.openai?.itemId).toBe("msg_123")
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.message - providerOptions key remapping", () => {
+  const createModel = (providerID: string, npm: string) =>
+    ({
+      id: `${providerID}/test-model`,
+      providerID,
+      api: {
+        id: "test-model",
+        url: "https://api.test.com",
+        npm,
+      },
+      name: "Test Model",
+      capabilities: {
+        temperature: true,
+        reasoning: false,
+        attachment: true,
+        toolcall: true,
+        input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: true },
+        output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+        interleaved: false,
+      },
+      cost: { input: 0.001, output: 0.002, cache: { read: 0.0001, write: 0.0002 } },
+      limit: { context: 128000, output: 8192 },
+      status: "active",
+      options: {},
+      headers: {},
+    }) as any
+
+  test("azure keeps 'azure' key and does not remap to 'openai'", () => {
+    const model = createModel("azure", "@ai-sdk/azure")
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: "Hello",
+        providerOptions: {
+          azure: { someOption: "value" },
+        },
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {})
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.azure).toEqual({ someOption: "value" })
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.openai).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("azure cognitive services remaps providerID to 'azure' key", () => {
+    const model = createModel("azure-cognitive-services", "@ai-sdk/azure")
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: "text",
+            text: "Hello",
+            providerOptions: {
+              "azure-cognitive-services": { part: true },
+            },
+          },
+        ],
+        providerOptions: {
+          "azure-cognitive-services": { someOption: "value" },
+        },
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {}) as any[]
+    const part = result[0].content[0] as any
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.azure).toEqual({ someOption: "value" })
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.["azure-cognitive-services"]).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(part.providerOptions?.azure).toEqual({ part: true })
+    expect(part.providerOptions?.["azure-cognitive-services"]).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("copilot remaps providerID to 'copilot' key", () => {
+    const model = createModel("github-copilot", "@ai-sdk/github-copilot")
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: "Hello",
+        providerOptions: {
+          copilot: { someOption: "value" },
+        },
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {})
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.copilot).toEqual({ someOption: "value" })
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.["github-copilot"]).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("bedrock remaps providerID to 'bedrock' key", () => {
+    const model = createModel("my-bedrock", "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock")
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: "Hello",
+        providerOptions: {
+          "my-bedrock": { someOption: "value" },
+        },
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {})
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.bedrock).toEqual({ someOption: "value" })
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.["my-bedrock"]).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.message - claude w/bedrock custom inference profile", () => {
+  test("adds cachePoint", () => {
+    const model = {
+      id: "amazon-bedrock/custom-claude-sonnet-4.5",
+      providerID: "amazon-bedrock",
+      api: {
+        id: "arn:aws:bedrock:xxx:yyy:application-inference-profile/zzz",
+        url: "https://api.test.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+      },
+      name: "Custom inference profile",
+      capabilities: {},
+      options: {},
+      headers: {},
+    } as any
+
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: "Hello",
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {})
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.bedrock).toEqual(
+      expect.objectContaining({
+        cachePoint: {
+          type: "default",
+        },
+      }),
+    )
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.message - bedrock caching with non-bedrock providerID", () => {
+  test("applies cache options at message level when npm package is amazon-bedrock", () => {
+    const model = {
+      id: "aws/us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+      providerID: "aws",
+      api: {
+        id: "us.anthropic.claude-opus-4-6-v1",
+        url: "https://bedrock-runtime.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+      },
+      name: "Claude Opus 4.6",
+      capabilities: {},
+      options: {},
+      headers: {},
+    } as any
+
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "system",
+        content: [{ type: "text", text: "You are a helpful assistant" }],
+      },
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: [{ type: "text", text: "Hello" }],
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {}) as any[]
+
+    // Cache should be at the message level and not the content-part level
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.bedrock).toEqual({
+      cachePoint: { type: "default" },
+    })
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions?.bedrock).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.message - cache control on gateway", () => {
+  const createModel = (overrides: Partial<any> = {}) =>
+    ({
+      id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
+      providerID: "vercel",
+      api: {
+        id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
+        url: "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v3/ai",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+      },
+      name: "Claude Sonnet 4",
+      capabilities: {
+        temperature: true,
+        reasoning: true,
+        attachment: true,
+        toolcall: true,
+        input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: true },
+        output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+        interleaved: false,
+      },
+      cost: { input: 0.001, output: 0.002, cache: { read: 0.0001, write: 0.0002 } },
+      limit: { context: 200_000, output: 8192 },
+      status: "active",
+      options: {},
+      headers: {},
+      ...overrides,
+    }) as any
+
+  test("gateway does not set cache control for anthropic models", () => {
+    const model = createModel()
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "system",
+        content: [{ type: "text", text: "You are a helpful assistant" }],
+      },
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: "Hello",
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].content[0].providerOptions).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("non-gateway anthropic keeps existing cache control behavior", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      providerID: "anthropic",
+      api: {
+        id: "claude-sonnet-4",
+        url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+      },
+    })
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "system",
+        content: "You are a helpful assistant",
+      },
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: "Hello",
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions).toEqual({
+      anthropic: {
+        cacheControl: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+      openrouter: {
+        cacheControl: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+      bedrock: {
+        cachePoint: {
+          type: "default",
+        },
+      },
+      openaiCompatible: {
+        cache_control: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+      copilot: {
+        copilot_cache_control: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+      alibaba: {
+        cacheControl: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("non-gateway anthropic with cachePromptTTL '1h' sets ttl on anthropic and openrouter only", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      providerID: "anthropic",
+      api: {
+        id: "claude-sonnet-4",
+        url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+      },
+      cachePromptTTL: "1h",
+    })
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "system",
+        content: "You are a helpful assistant",
+      },
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: "Hello",
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions).toEqual({
+      anthropic: {
+        cacheControl: { type: "ephemeral", ttl: "1h" },
+      },
+      openrouter: {
+        cacheControl: { type: "ephemeral", ttl: "1h" },
+      },
+      bedrock: {
+        cachePoint: { type: "default" },
+      },
+      openaiCompatible: {
+        cache_control: { type: "ephemeral" },
+      },
+      copilot: {
+        copilot_cache_control: { type: "ephemeral" },
+      },
+      alibaba: {
+        cacheControl: { type: "ephemeral" },
+      },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("non-gateway anthropic with cachePromptTTL '5m' does not set ttl (default behavior)", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      providerID: "anthropic",
+      api: {
+        id: "claude-sonnet-4",
+        url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+      },
+      cachePromptTTL: "5m",
+    })
+    const msgs = [
+      { role: "system", content: "You are a helpful assistant" },
+      { role: "user", content: "Hello" },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.anthropic).toEqual({ cacheControl: { type: "ephemeral" } })
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions?.openrouter).toEqual({ cacheControl: { type: "ephemeral" } })
+  })
+
+  test("google-vertex-anthropic applies cache control", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      providerID: "google-vertex-anthropic",
+      api: {
+        id: "google-vertex-anthropic",
+        url: "https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic",
+      },
+      id: "claude-sonnet-4@20250514",
+    })
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "system",
+        content: "You are a helpful assistant",
+      },
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: "Hello",
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions).toEqual({
+      anthropic: {
+        cacheControl: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+      openrouter: {
+        cacheControl: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+      bedrock: {
+        cachePoint: {
+          type: "default",
+        },
+      },
+      openaiCompatible: {
+        cache_control: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+      copilot: {
+        copilot_cache_control: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+      alibaba: {
+        cacheControl: {
+          type: "ephemeral",
+        },
+      },
+    })
+  })
+
+  test("openai-compatible with claude in model id does NOT trigger caching", () => {
+    const model = createModel({
+      id: "mimorouter/claude-opus-4-8",
+      providerID: "custom",
+      api: {
+        id: "mimorouter/claude-opus-4-8",
+        url: "https://proxy.example.com/v1",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+      },
+    })
+    const msgs = [
+      {
+        role: "system",
+        content: "You are a helpful assistant",
+      },
+      {
+        role: "user",
+        content: "Hello",
+      },
+    ] as any[]
+
+    const result = ProviderTransform.message(msgs, model, {}) as any[]
+
+    expect(result[0].providerOptions).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})
+
+describe("ProviderTransform.variants", () => {
+  const createMockModel = (overrides: Partial<any> = {}): any => ({
+    id: "test/test-model",
+    providerID: "test",
+    api: {
+      id: "test-model",
+      url: "https://api.test.com",
+      npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+    },
+    name: "Test Model",
+    capabilities: {
+      temperature: true,
+      reasoning: true,
+      attachment: true,
+      toolcall: true,
+      input: { text: true, audio: false, image: true, video: false, pdf: false },
+      output: { text: true, audio: false, image: false, video: false, pdf: false },
+      interleaved: false,
+    },
+    cost: {
+      input: 0.001,
+      output: 0.002,
+      cache: { read: 0.0001, write: 0.0002 },
+    },
+    limit: {
+      context: 200_000,
+      output: 64_000,
+    },
+    status: "active",
+    options: {},
+    headers: {},
+    release_date: "2024-01-01",
+    ...overrides,
+  })
+
+  test("returns empty object when model has no reasoning capabilities", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      capabilities: { reasoning: false },
+    })
+    const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+    expect(result).toEqual({})
+  })
+
+  test("deepseek returns empty object", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      id: "deepseek/deepseek-chat",
+      providerID: "deepseek",
+      api: {
+        id: "deepseek-chat",
+        url: "https://api.deepseek.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+      },
+    })
+    const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+    expect(result).toEqual({})
+  })
+
+  test("minimax returns empty object", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      id: "minimax/minimax-model",
+      providerID: "minimax",
+      api: {
+        id: "minimax-model",
+        url: "https://api.minimax.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+      },
+    })
+    const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+    expect(result).toEqual({})
+  })
+
+  test("glm returns empty object", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      id: "glm/glm-4",
+      providerID: "glm",
+      api: {
+        id: "glm-4",
+        url: "https://api.glm.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+      },
+    })
+    const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+    expect(result).toEqual({})
+  })
+
+  test("mistral returns empty object", () => {
+    const model = createMockModel({
+      id: "mistral/mistral-large",
+      providerID: "mistral",
+      api: {
+        id: "mistral-large-latest",
+        url: "https://api.mistral.com",
+        npm: "@ai-sdk/mistral",
+      },
+    })
+    const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+    expect(result).toEqual({})
+  })
+
+  describe("@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider", () => {
+    test("returns empty object for non-qualifying models", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "openrouter/test-model",
+        providerID: "openrouter",
+        api: {
+          id: "test-model",
+          url: "https://openrouter.ai",
+          npm: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    test("gpt models return OPENAI_EFFORTS with reasoning", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "openrouter/gpt-4",
+        providerID: "openrouter",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-4",
+          url: "https://openrouter.ai",
+          npm: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["none", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoning: { effort: "low" } })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoning: { effort: "high" } })
+    })
+
+    test("gemini-3 returns OPENAI_EFFORTS with reasoning", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "openrouter/gemini-3-5-pro",
+        providerID: "openrouter",
+        api: {
+          id: "gemini-3-5-pro",
+          url: "https://openrouter.ai",
+          npm: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["none", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+    })
+
+    test("grok-4 returns empty object", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "openrouter/grok-4",
+        providerID: "openrouter",
+        api: {
+          id: "grok-4",
+          url: "https://openrouter.ai",
+          npm: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    test("grok-3-mini returns low and high with reasoning", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "openrouter/grok-3-mini",
+        providerID: "openrouter",
+        api: {
+          id: "grok-3-mini",
+          url: "https://openrouter.ai",
+          npm: "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoning: { effort: "low" } })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoning: { effort: "high" } })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/gateway", () => {
+    test("anthropic sonnet 4.6 models return adaptive thinking options", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6",
+        providerID: "gateway",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6",
+          url: "https://gateway.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "max"])
+      expect(result.medium).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+        },
+        effort: "medium",
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("anthropic sonnet 4.6 dot-format models return adaptive thinking options", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6",
+        providerID: "gateway",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.6",
+          url: "https://gateway.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "max"])
+      expect(result.medium).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+        },
+        effort: "medium",
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("anthropic opus 4.6 dot-format models return adaptive thinking options", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-6",
+        providerID: "gateway",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic/claude-opus-4.6",
+          url: "https://gateway.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "max"])
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+        },
+        effort: "high",
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("anthropic opus 4.7 models return adaptive thinking options with xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-7",
+        providerID: "gateway",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-7",
+          url: "https://gateway.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"])
+      expect(result.xhigh).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+        },
+        effort: "xhigh",
+      })
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+        },
+        effort: "max",
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("anthropic opus 4.7 dot-format models return adaptive thinking options with xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-7",
+        providerID: "gateway",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic/claude-opus-4.7",
+          url: "https://gateway.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"])
+    })
+
+    test("anthropic models return anthropic thinking options", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
+        providerID: "gateway",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
+          url: "https://gateway.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["high", "max"])
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "enabled",
+          budgetTokens: 16000,
+        },
+      })
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "enabled",
+          budgetTokens: 31999,
+        },
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("returns OPENAI_EFFORTS with reasoningEffort", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gateway/gateway-model",
+        providerID: "gateway",
+        api: {
+          id: "gateway-model",
+          url: "https://gateway.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/gateway",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["none", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "low" })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "high" })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/github-copilot", () => {
+    test("standard models return low, medium, high", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-4.5",
+        providerID: "github-copilot",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-4.5",
+          url: "https://api.githubcopilot.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: "low",
+        reasoningSummary: "auto",
+        include: ["reasoning.encrypted_content"],
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("gpt-5.1-codex-max includes xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5.1-codex-max",
+        providerID: "github-copilot",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5.1-codex-max",
+          url: "https://api.githubcopilot.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+    })
+
+    test("gpt-5.1-codex-mini does not include xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5.1-codex-mini",
+        providerID: "github-copilot",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5.1-codex-mini",
+          url: "https://api.githubcopilot.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+    })
+
+    test("gpt-5.1-codex does not include xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5.1-codex",
+        providerID: "github-copilot",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5.1-codex",
+          url: "https://api.githubcopilot.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+    })
+
+    test("gpt-5.2 includes xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5.2",
+        providerID: "github-copilot",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5.2",
+          url: "https://api.githubcopilot.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+      expect(result.xhigh).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: "xhigh",
+        reasoningSummary: "auto",
+        include: ["reasoning.encrypted_content"],
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("gpt-5.2-codex includes xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5.2-codex",
+        providerID: "github-copilot",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5.2-codex",
+          url: "https://api.githubcopilot.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+    })
+
+    test("gpt-5.3-codex includes xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5.3-codex",
+        providerID: "github-copilot",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5.3-codex",
+          url: "https://api.githubcopilot.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+    })
+
+    test("gpt-5.4 includes xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5.4",
+        release_date: "2026-03-05",
+        providerID: "github-copilot",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5.4",
+          url: "https://api.githubcopilot.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/github-copilot",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/cerebras", () => {
+    test("returns WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS with reasoningEffort", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "cerebras/llama-4",
+        providerID: "cerebras",
+        api: {
+          id: "llama-4-sc",
+          url: "https://api.cerebras.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/cerebras",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "low" })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "high" })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/togetherai", () => {
+    test("returns WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS with reasoningEffort", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "togetherai/llama-4",
+        providerID: "togetherai",
+        api: {
+          id: "llama-4-sc",
+          url: "https://api.togetherai.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/togetherai",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "low" })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "high" })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/xai", () => {
+    test("grok-3 returns empty object", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "xai/grok-3",
+        providerID: "xai",
+        api: {
+          id: "grok-3",
+          url: "https://api.x.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/xai",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    test("grok-3-mini returns low and high with reasoningEffort", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "xai/grok-3-mini",
+        providerID: "xai",
+        api: {
+          id: "grok-3-mini",
+          url: "https://api.x.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/xai",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "low" })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "high" })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/deepinfra", () => {
+    test("returns WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS with reasoningEffort", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "deepinfra/llama-4",
+        providerID: "deepinfra",
+        api: {
+          id: "llama-4-sc",
+          url: "https://api.deepinfra.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/deepinfra",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "low" })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "high" })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/openai-compatible", () => {
+    test("returns WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS with reasoningEffort", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "custom-provider/custom-model",
+        providerID: "custom-provider",
+        api: {
+          id: "custom-model",
+          url: "https://api.custom.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "low" })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "high" })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/azure", () => {
+    test("o1-mini returns empty object", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "o1-mini",
+        providerID: "azure",
+        api: {
+          id: "o1-mini",
+          url: "https://azure.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/azure",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    test("standard azure models return custom efforts with reasoningSummary", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "o1",
+        providerID: "azure",
+        api: {
+          id: "o1",
+          url: "https://azure.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/azure",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: "low",
+        reasoningSummary: "auto",
+        include: ["reasoning.encrypted_content"],
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("gpt-5 adds minimal effort", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5",
+        providerID: "azure",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5",
+          url: "https://azure.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/azure",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["minimal", "low", "medium", "high"])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/openai", () => {
+    test("gpt-5-pro returns empty object", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5-pro",
+        providerID: "openai",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5-pro",
+          url: "https://api.openai.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    test("standard openai models return custom efforts with reasoningSummary", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5",
+        providerID: "openai",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5",
+          url: "https://api.openai.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+        },
+        release_date: "2024-06-01",
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["minimal", "low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: "low",
+        reasoningSummary: "auto",
+        include: ["reasoning.encrypted_content"],
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("models after 2025-11-13 include 'none' effort", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "gpt-5-nano",
+        providerID: "openai",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5-nano",
+          url: "https://api.openai.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+        },
+        release_date: "2025-11-14",
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["none", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high"])
+    })
+
+    test("models after 2025-12-04 include 'xhigh' effort", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "openai/gpt-5-chat",
+        providerID: "openai",
+        api: {
+          id: "gpt-5-chat",
+          url: "https://api.openai.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/openai",
+        },
+        release_date: "2025-12-05",
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["none", "minimal", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/anthropic", () => {
+    test("sonnet 4.6 returns adaptive thinking options", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6",
+        providerID: "anthropic",
+        api: {
+          id: "claude-sonnet-4-6",
+          url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "max"])
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+        },
+        effort: "high",
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("opus 4.7 returns adaptive thinking options with xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "anthropic/claude-opus-4-7",
+        providerID: "anthropic",
+        api: {
+          id: "claude-opus-4-7",
+          url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"])
+      expect(result.xhigh).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+          display: "summarized",
+        },
+        effort: "xhigh",
+      })
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+          display: "summarized",
+        },
+        effort: "max",
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("returns high and max with thinking config", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "anthropic/claude-4",
+        providerID: "anthropic",
+        api: {
+          id: "claude-4",
+          url: "https://api.anthropic.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["high", "max"])
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "enabled",
+          budgetTokens: 16000,
+        },
+      })
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "enabled",
+          budgetTokens: 31999,
+        },
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock", () => {
+    test("anthropic sonnet 4.6 returns adaptive reasoning options", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "bedrock/anthropic-claude-sonnet-4-6",
+        providerID: "bedrock",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6",
+          url: "https://bedrock.amazonaws.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "max"])
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        reasoningConfig: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+          maxReasoningEffort: "max",
+        },
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("anthropic opus 4.7 returns adaptive reasoning options with xhigh", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "bedrock/anthropic-claude-opus-4-7",
+        providerID: "bedrock",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic.claude-opus-4-7",
+          url: "https://bedrock.amazonaws.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"])
+      expect(result.xhigh).toEqual({
+        reasoningConfig: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+          maxReasoningEffort: "xhigh",
+          display: "summarized",
+        },
+      })
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        reasoningConfig: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+          maxReasoningEffort: "max",
+          display: "summarized",
+        },
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("returns WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS with reasoningConfig", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "bedrock/llama-4",
+        providerID: "bedrock",
+        api: {
+          id: "llama-4-sc",
+          url: "https://bedrock.amazonaws.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({
+        reasoningConfig: {
+          type: "enabled",
+          maxReasoningEffort: "low",
+        },
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/google", () => {
+    test("gemini-2.5 returns high and max with thinkingConfig and thinkingBudget", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "google/gemini-2.5-pro",
+        providerID: "google",
+        api: {
+          id: "gemini-2.5-pro",
+          url: "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/google",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["high", "max"])
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          includeThoughts: true,
+          thinkingBudget: 16000,
+        },
+      })
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          includeThoughts: true,
+          thinkingBudget: 24576,
+        },
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("other gemini models return low and high with thinkingLevel", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "google/gemini-2.0-pro",
+        providerID: "google",
+        api: {
+          id: "gemini-2.0-pro",
+          url: "https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/google",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          includeThoughts: true,
+          thinkingLevel: "low",
+        },
+      })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          includeThoughts: true,
+          thinkingLevel: "high",
+        },
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/google-vertex", () => {
+    test("gemini-2.5 returns high and max with thinkingConfig and thinkingBudget", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "google-vertex/gemini-2.5-pro",
+        providerID: "google-vertex",
+        api: {
+          id: "gemini-2.5-pro",
+          url: "https://vertexai.googleapis.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["high", "max"])
+    })
+
+    test("other vertex models return low and high with thinkingLevel", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "google-vertex/gemini-2.0-pro",
+        providerID: "google-vertex",
+        api: {
+          id: "gemini-2.0-pro",
+          url: "https://vertexai.googleapis.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/google-vertex",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "high"])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/cohere", () => {
+    test("returns empty object", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "cohere/command-r",
+        providerID: "cohere",
+        api: {
+          id: "command-r",
+          url: "https://api.cohere.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/cohere",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/groq", () => {
+    test("returns none and WIDELY_SUPPORTED_EFFORTS with thinkingLevel", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "groq/llama-4",
+        providerID: "groq",
+        api: {
+          id: "llama-4-sc",
+          url: "https://api.groq.com",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/groq",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["none", "low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.none).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: "none",
+      })
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: "low",
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@ai-sdk/perplexity", () => {
+    test("returns empty object", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "perplexity/sonar-plus",
+        providerID: "perplexity",
+        api: {
+          id: "sonar-plus",
+          url: "https://api.perplexity.ai",
+          npm: "@ai-sdk/perplexity",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe("@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2", () => {
+    test("anthropic models return thinking variants", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "sap-ai-core/anthropic--claude-sonnet-4",
+        providerID: "sap-ai-core",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic--claude-sonnet-4",
+          url: "https://api.ai.sap",
+          npm: "@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["high", "max"])
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "enabled",
+          budgetTokens: 16000,
+        },
+      })
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "enabled",
+          budgetTokens: 31999,
+        },
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("anthropic 4.6 models return adaptive thinking variants", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "sap-ai-core/anthropic--claude-sonnet-4-6",
+        providerID: "sap-ai-core",
+        api: {
+          id: "anthropic--claude-sonnet-4-6",
+          url: "https://api.ai.sap",
+          npm: "@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high", "max"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+        },
+        effort: "low",
+      })
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: "adaptive",
+        },
+        effort: "max",
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("gemini 2.5 models return thinkingConfig variants", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "sap-ai-core/gcp--gemini-2.5-pro",
+        providerID: "sap-ai-core",
+        api: {
+          id: "gcp--gemini-2.5-pro",
+          url: "https://api.ai.sap",
+          npm: "@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["high", "max"])
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          includeThoughts: true,
+          thinkingBudget: 16000,
+        },
+      })
+      expect(result.max).toEqual({
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          includeThoughts: true,
+          thinkingBudget: 24576,
+        },
+      })
+    })
+
+    test("gpt models return reasoningEffort variants", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "sap-ai-core/azure-openai--gpt-4o",
+        providerID: "sap-ai-core",
+        api: {
+          id: "azure-openai--gpt-4o",
+          url: "https://api.ai.sap",
+          npm: "@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "low" })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "high" })
+    })
+
+    test("o-series models return reasoningEffort variants", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "sap-ai-core/azure-openai--o3-mini",
+        providerID: "sap-ai-core",
+        api: {
+          id: "azure-openai--o3-mini",
+          url: "https://api.ai.sap",
+          npm: "@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(["low", "medium", "high"])
+      expect(result.low).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "low" })
+      expect(result.high).toEqual({ reasoningEffort: "high" })
+    })
+
+    test("sonar models return empty object", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "sap-ai-core/perplexity--sonar-pro",
+        providerID: "sap-ai-core",
+        api: {
+          id: "perplexity--sonar-pro",
+          url: "https://api.ai.sap",
+          npm: "@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    test("mistral models return empty object", () => {
+      const model = createMockModel({
+        id: "sap-ai-core/mistral--mistral-large",
+        providerID: "sap-ai-core",
+        api: {
+          id: "mistral--mistral-large",
+          url: "https://api.ai.sap",
+          npm: "@jerome-benoit/sap-ai-provider-v2",
+        },
+      })
+      const result = ProviderTransform.variants(model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+  })
+})
+
+// Regression: OpenAI's function-calling validator rejects discriminated-union
+// tools with "schema must have type 'object' and not have 'oneOf'/'anyOf'/
+// 'allOf'/'enum'/'not' at the top level." Adding `type: "object"` to a root
+// anyOf is NOT enough — the union itself must be removed from the top level.
+// The transform flattens variants into a single object, with the discriminator
+// becoming an enum and per-variant required encoded in its description.
+describe("ProviderTransform.schema - openai discriminated-union flatten", () => {
+  const anyOfSchema = {
+    anyOf: [
+      {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          action: { const: "create", description: "Operation" },
+          summary: { type: "string", minLength: 1 },
+          parent_id: { type: "string", minLength: 1 },
+        },
+        required: ["action", "summary"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+      },
+      {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: { action: { const: "list" } },
+        required: ["action"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+      },
+      {
+        type: "object",
+        properties: {
+          action: { const: "rename" },
+          id: { type: "string", minLength: 1 },
+          summary: { type: "string", minLength: 1 },
+        },
+        required: ["action", "id", "summary"],
+        additionalProperties: false,
+      },
+    ],
+  } as any
+
+  test("openai providerID — flattens to single object, no oneOf/anyOf at root", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema({ providerID: "openai", api: { id: "gpt-4" } } as any, anyOfSchema) as any
+    expect(result.type).toBe("object")
+    expect(result.anyOf).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.oneOf).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.allOf).toBeUndefined()
+    expect(result.additionalProperties).toBe(false)
+  })
+
+  test("openai — merges variant properties at root", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema({ providerID: "openai", api: { id: "gpt-4" } } as any, anyOfSchema) as any
+    // All non-discriminator properties merged in (the flatten adds an
+    // "(only when action=...)" prefix to descriptions; assert structurally).
+    expect(result.properties.summary.type).toBe("string")
+    expect(result.properties.summary.minLength).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.properties.parent_id.type).toBe("string")
+    expect(result.properties.parent_id.minLength).toBe(1)
+    expect(result.properties.id.type).toBe("string")
+    expect(result.properties.id.minLength).toBe(1)
+  })
+
+  test("openai — annotates each property with which actions own it", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema({ providerID: "openai", api: { id: "gpt-4" } } as any, anyOfSchema) as any
+    // parent_id only appears in the "create" variant
+    expect(result.properties.parent_id.description).toContain('only when action="create"')
+    // id only appears in the "rename" variant
+    expect(result.properties.id.description).toContain('only when action="rename"')
+    // summary appears in both create and rename
+    expect(result.properties.summary.description).toContain('only when action="create"|"rename"')
+  })
+
+  test("openai — discriminator becomes enum with per-variant required hints", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema({ providerID: "openai", api: { id: "gpt-4" } } as any, anyOfSchema) as any
+    expect(result.properties.action.type).toBe("string")
+    expect(result.properties.action.enum).toEqual(["create", "list", "rename"])
+    expect(result.properties.action.description).toContain("create: requires summary")
+    expect(result.properties.action.description).toContain("list: no extra required")
+    expect(result.properties.action.description).toContain("rename: requires id, summary")
+  })
+
+  test("openai — only discriminator is required at root", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema({ providerID: "openai", api: { id: "gpt-4" } } as any, anyOfSchema) as any
+    expect(result.required).toEqual(["action"])
+  })
+
+  test("@ai-sdk/openai-compatible npm — also flattens", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(
+      { providerID: "custom-router", api: { id: "x", npm: "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible" } } as any,
+      anyOfSchema,
+    ) as any
+    expect(result.type).toBe("object")
+    expect(result.anyOf).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("azure providerID — also flattens", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema({ providerID: "azure", api: { id: "gpt-4" } } as any, anyOfSchema) as any
+    expect(result.type).toBe("object")
+    expect(result.anyOf).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("anthropic — also flattens anyOf-rooted schema (bedrock proxy compatibility)", () => {
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema(
+      { providerID: "anthropic", api: { id: "claude", npm: "@ai-sdk/anthropic" } } as any,
+      anyOfSchema,
+    ) as any
+    expect(result.type).toBe("object")
+    expect(result.anyOf).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  test("openai — passes through schemas that are already type: object", () => {
+    const flat = { type: "object", properties: { a: { type: "string" } }, required: ["a"] } as any
+    const result = ProviderTransform.schema({ providerID: "openai", api: { id: "gpt-4" } } as any, flat) as any
+    expect(result.type).toBe("object")
+    expect(result.properties.a).toBeDefined()
+    expect(result.anyOf).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+})