tribunal-kit 4.5.0 → 4.6.0

package/.agent/skills/database-design/SKILL.md

@@ -1,244 +1,249 @@
----
-name: database-design
-description: Database design mastery. Schema design with normalization, denormalization strategies, indexing, migration pipelines, ORM selection (Prisma/Drizzle/SQLAlchemy/EF Core), connection pooling, soft deletes, audit trails, multi-tenancy, and serverless database patterns. Use when designing schemas, choosing databases, planning migrations, or architecting data layers.
-allowed-tools: Read, Write, Edit, Glob, Grep
-version: 3.1.0
-last-updated: 2026-04-07
-applies-to-model: gemini-3-1-pro, claude-3-7-sonnet
----
-
-# Database Design — Schema & Architecture Mastery
-
-## Hallucination Traps (Read First)
-- ❌ `TIMESTAMP` → ✅ Always `TIMESTAMPTZ` (with timezone). `TIMESTAMP` is ambiguous across timezones.
-- ❌ UUID v4 as primary key → ✅ UUID v7 (time-ordered) or `BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY`. UUID v4 is random — destroys B-tree index performance on high-insert tables.
-- ❌ No index on foreign keys → ✅ PostgreSQL does NOT auto-index FK columns. Cascading deletes cause full table scans without them.
-- ❌ Adding `NOT NULL` column directly to a large table → ✅ Locks the entire table. Add as nullable, backfill in batches, then add constraint.
-- ❌ Soft delete without a partial index → ✅ Every query must filter `WHERE deleted_at IS NULL`. Add `CREATE INDEX ... WHERE deleted_at IS NULL` or use a view.
-- ❌ Serverless functions without a connection pooler → ✅ Each Lambda/Vercel invocation opens a new connection. Use PgBouncer or Supabase Supavisor — without it, you'll hit `max_connections` instantly.
-
----
-
-## Database Selection
-
-```
-Relational / Complex queries → PostgreSQL (primary choice)
-  Serverless PG              → Neon, Supabase
-  Edge / Ultra-low latency   → Turso (SQLite @ edge)
-  Simple / Embedded          → SQLite
-  Global distribution (MySQL) → PlanetScale (no FK support)
-
-Key-value / Cache            → Redis / Valkey / Upstash
-Document store               → MongoDB / Firestore
-Full-text search             → PostgreSQL tsvector (built-in) or Meilisearch / Typesense
-Time-series                  → TimescaleDB / ClickHouse
-Vector (AI embeddings)       → pgvector (PostgreSQL ext) / Pinecone / Weaviate
-```
-
----
-
-## Standard Table Template
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE users (
-    id          BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
-    -- OR: id UUID DEFAULT gen_random_uuid() PRIMARY KEY (use v7 for perf)
-    email       TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-    name        TEXT NOT NULL,
-    role        TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'user' CHECK (role IN ('admin', 'user', 'moderator')),
-    is_active   BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true,
-    metadata    JSONB DEFAULT '{}',
-    created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
-    updated_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
-    deleted_at  TIMESTAMPTZ  -- soft delete
-);
-
--- Required: auto-update updated_at
-CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION update_updated_at() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
-BEGIN NEW.updated_at = now(); RETURN NEW; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
-CREATE TRIGGER trg_users_updated_at BEFORE UPDATE ON users FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION update_updated_at();
-
--- Required indexes
-CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users (email);
-CREATE INDEX idx_users_active ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL; -- partial index for soft delete
-CREATE INDEX idx_users_created_at ON users (created_at DESC);
-```
-
----
-
-## Schema Patterns
-
-### Relationships
-```sql
--- One-to-Many: FK on the "many" side + INDEX
-CREATE TABLE posts (
-    id        BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
-    author_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    ...
-);
-CREATE INDEX idx_posts_author_id ON posts (author_id); -- REQUIRED in Postgres
-
--- Many-to-Many: junction table with composite PK
-CREATE TABLE post_tags (
-    post_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES posts(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    tag_id  BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES tags(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
-    PRIMARY KEY (post_id, tag_id)
-);
-CREATE INDEX idx_post_tags_tag_id ON post_tags (tag_id); -- index the non-PK side
-```
-
-### Multi-Tenancy
-```sql
--- Pattern 1: tenant_id column (simplest — enforce via RLS)
-ALTER TABLE projects ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
-CREATE POLICY tenant_isolation ON projects
-    USING (tenant_id = current_setting('app.current_tenant_id')::bigint);
-
--- Pattern 2: Schema per tenant (better isolation, harder migrations)
--- CREATE SCHEMA tenant_acme;
-
--- Pattern 3: DB per tenant — only for compliance/regulatory needs
-```
-
----
-
-## ORM Selection
-
-| ORM | Best For | Trade-offs |
-|-----|----------|------------|
-| **Drizzle** | Edge, TypeScript, bundle-size sensitive | Newer, fewer examples |
-| **Prisma** | DX, schema management, Prisma Studio | Heavy, NOT edge-compatible |
-| **Kysely** | Type-safe SQL builder, full control | Manual migrations |
-| **Raw SQL** | Complex queries, performance-critical | Manual type safety |
-| **SQLAlchemy 2.0** | Python async ecosystem | Python only |
-
-```typescript
-// Drizzle — SQL-like, edge-compatible
-const result = await db.select({ id: users.id, name: users.name }).from(users)
-  .where(and(eq(users.role, "admin"), eq(users.isActive, true)))
-  .orderBy(desc(users.createdAt)).limit(20);
-
-// Prisma — ❌ TRAP: can't express complex joins natively → use prisma.$queryRaw<Type>
-const user = await prisma.user.findUnique({ where: { email }, include: { posts: { take: 10 } } });
-```
-
----
-
-## Migrations (Zero-Downtime Strategy)
-
-```sql
--- Safe column add on a large production table:
--- Step 1: Add nullable (no lock)
-ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN phone TEXT;
--- Step 2: Backfill in batches (non-blocking)
-UPDATE users SET phone = '' WHERE phone IS NULL AND id BETWEEN 1 AND 10000;
--- Step 3: Add constraint AFTER all code deploys write the column
-ALTER TABLE users ALTER COLUMN phone SET NOT NULL;
-```
-
-**Migration Rules:**
-- Never modify a migration already applied to production — create a new one
-- Remove column in 2 deploys: first remove all code references, then `DROP COLUMN`
-- `CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY` to avoid table locks on existing data
-- Test migrations against a copy of production data before running live
-
----
-
-## Indexing Reference
-
-| Index Type | Use For |
-|------------|---------|
-| **B-tree** | General purpose — equality & range queries (default) |
-| **Hash** | Equality-only lookups (faster than B-tree for =) |
-| **GIN** | JSONB, arrays, full-text (`tsvector`) |
-| **GiST** | Geometric, range types |
-| **HNSW / IVFFlat** | Vector similarity (pgvector) |
-
-**Composite index column order:** equality columns first → range columns last → most selective first
-
----
-
-## Audit Trail
-
-```sql
-CREATE TABLE audit_log (
-    id         BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
-    table_name TEXT NOT NULL, record_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
-    action     TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (action IN ('INSERT', 'UPDATE', 'DELETE')),
-    old_data   JSONB, new_data JSONB,
-    changed_by BIGINT REFERENCES users(id),
-    changed_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
-);
-CREATE INDEX idx_audit_log_table_record ON audit_log (table_name, record_id);
-CREATE INDEX idx_audit_log_changed_at ON audit_log USING brin (changed_at); -- BRIN for time-ordered append-only tables
-```
-
----
-
-## Connection Pooling
-
-```
-Without pooling: 100 concurrent requests → 100 DB connections → overwhelms DB
-With pooling:    100 concurrent requests → 10–20 reused connections
-
-Sizing formula: max_connections = (cpu_cores × 2) + disk_spindles  (typically 25–50)
-
-Poolers:
-  PgBouncer          → External, most common for self-hosted Postgres
-  Prisma Accelerate  → Managed, for Prisma projects
-  Supabase Supavisor → Managed, for Supabase projects
-```
-
-
----
-
-
-
-AI coding assistants often fall into specific bad habits when dealing with this domain. These are strictly forbidden:
-
-1. **Over-engineering:** Proposing complex abstractions or distributed systems when a simpler approach suffices.
-2. **Hallucinated Libraries/Methods:** Using non-existent methods or packages. Always `// VERIFY` or check `package.json` / `requirements.txt`.
-3. **Skipping Edge Cases:** Writing the "happy path" and ignoring error handling, timeouts, or data validation.
-4. **Context Amnesia:** Forgetting the user's constraints and offering generic advice instead of tailored solutions.
-5. **Silent Degradation:** Catching and suppressing errors without logging or re-raising.
-
----
-
-
-
-**Slash command: `/review` or `/tribunal-full`**
-**Active reviewers: `logic-reviewer` · `security-auditor`**
-
-### ❌ Forbidden AI Tropes
-
-1. **Blind Assumptions:** Never make an assumption without documenting it clearly with `// VERIFY: [reason]`.
-2. **Silent Degradation:** Catching and suppressing errors without logging or handling.
-3. **Context Amnesia:** Forgetting the user's constraints and offering generic advice instead of tailored solutions.
-
-
-
-Review these questions before confirming output:
-```
-✅ Did I rely ONLY on real, verified tools and methods?
-✅ Is this solution appropriately scoped to the user's constraints?
-✅ Did I handle potential failure modes and edge cases?
-✅ Have I avoided generic boilerplate that doesn't add value?
-```
-
-### 🛑 Verification-Before-Completion (VBC) Protocol
-
-**CRITICAL:** You must follow a strict "evidence-based closeout" state machine.
-- ❌ **Forbidden:** Declaring a task complete because the output "looks correct."
-- ✅ **Required:** You are explicitly forbidden from finalizing any task without providing **concrete evidence** (terminal output, passing tests, compile success, or equivalent proof) that your output works as intended.
-
-
-## Pre-Flight Checklist
-- [ ] Have I reviewed the user's specific constraints and requests?
-- [ ] Have I checked the environment for relevant existing implementations?
-
-## VBC Protocol (Verification-Before-Completion)
-You MUST verify existing code signatures and variables before attempting to modify or call them. No hallucination is permitted.
+---
+name: database-design
+description: Database design mastery. Schema design with normalization, denormalization strategies, indexing, migration pipelines, ORM selection (Prisma/Drizzle/SQLAlchemy/EF Core), connection pooling, soft deletes, audit trails, multi-tenancy, and serverless database patterns. Use when designing schemas, choosing databases, planning migrations, or architecting data layers.
+allowed-tools: Read, Write, Edit, Glob, Grep
+version: 3.1.0
+last-updated: 2026-04-07
+applies-to-model: gemini-3-1-pro, claude-3-7-sonnet
+routing:
+  domain: general
+  tier: basic
+---
+
+# Database Design — Schema & Architecture Mastery
+
+## Hallucination Traps (Read First)
+
+- ❌ `TIMESTAMP` → ✅ Always `TIMESTAMPTZ` (with timezone). `TIMESTAMP` is ambiguous across timezones.
+- ❌ UUID v4 as primary key → ✅ UUID v7 (time-ordered) or `BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY`. UUID v4 is random — destroys B-tree index performance on high-insert tables.
+- ❌ No index on foreign keys → ✅ PostgreSQL does NOT auto-index FK columns. Cascading deletes cause full table scans without them.
+- ❌ Adding `NOT NULL` column directly to a large table → ✅ Locks the entire table. Add as nullable, backfill in batches, then add constraint.
+- ❌ Soft delete without a partial index → ✅ Every query must filter `WHERE deleted_at IS NULL`. Add `CREATE INDEX ... WHERE deleted_at IS NULL` or use a view.
+- ❌ Serverless functions without a connection pooler → ✅ Each Lambda/Vercel invocation opens a new connection. Use PgBouncer or Supabase Supavisor — without it, you'll hit `max_connections` instantly.
+
+---
 
+## Database Selection
+
+```
+Relational / Complex queries → PostgreSQL (primary choice)
+  Serverless PG              → Neon, Supabase
+  Edge / Ultra-low latency   → Turso (SQLite @ edge)
+  Simple / Embedded          → SQLite
+  Global distribution (MySQL) → PlanetScale (no FK support)
+
+Key-value / Cache            → Redis / Valkey / Upstash
+Document store               → MongoDB / Firestore
+Full-text search             → PostgreSQL tsvector (built-in) or Meilisearch / Typesense
+Time-series                  → TimescaleDB / ClickHouse
+Vector (AI embeddings)       → pgvector (PostgreSQL ext) / Pinecone / Weaviate
+```
+
+---
+
+## Standard Table Template
+
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE users (
+    id          BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    -- OR: id UUID DEFAULT gen_random_uuid() PRIMARY KEY (use v7 for perf)
+    email       TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+    name        TEXT NOT NULL,
+    role        TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'user' CHECK (role IN ('admin', 'user', 'moderator')),
+    is_active   BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT true,
+    metadata    JSONB DEFAULT '{}',
+    created_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    updated_at  TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now(),
+    deleted_at  TIMESTAMPTZ  -- soft delete
+);
+
+-- Required: auto-update updated_at
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION update_updated_at() RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$
+BEGIN NEW.updated_at = now(); RETURN NEW; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER trg_users_updated_at BEFORE UPDATE ON users FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE FUNCTION update_updated_at();
+
+-- Required indexes
+CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users (email);
+CREATE INDEX idx_users_active ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL; -- partial index for soft delete
+CREATE INDEX idx_users_created_at ON users (created_at DESC);
+```
+
+---
+
+## Schema Patterns
+
+### Relationships
+
+```sql
+-- One-to-Many: FK on the "many" side + INDEX
+CREATE TABLE posts (
+    id        BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    author_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    ...
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_posts_author_id ON posts (author_id); -- REQUIRED in Postgres
+
+-- Many-to-Many: junction table with composite PK
+CREATE TABLE post_tags (
+    post_id BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES posts(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    tag_id  BIGINT NOT NULL REFERENCES tags(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    PRIMARY KEY (post_id, tag_id)
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_post_tags_tag_id ON post_tags (tag_id); -- index the non-PK side
+```
+
+### Multi-Tenancy
+
+```sql
+-- Pattern 1: tenant_id column (simplest — enforce via RLS)
+ALTER TABLE projects ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+CREATE POLICY tenant_isolation ON projects
+    USING (tenant_id = current_setting('app.current_tenant_id')::bigint);
+
+-- Pattern 2: Schema per tenant (better isolation, harder migrations)
+-- CREATE SCHEMA tenant_acme;
+
+-- Pattern 3: DB per tenant — only for compliance/regulatory needs
+```
+
+---
+
+## ORM Selection
+
+| ORM                | Best For                                | Trade-offs                 |
+| ------------------ | --------------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
+| **Drizzle**        | Edge, TypeScript, bundle-size sensitive | Newer, fewer examples      |
+| **Prisma**         | DX, schema management, Prisma Studio    | Heavy, NOT edge-compatible |
+| **Kysely**         | Type-safe SQL builder, full control     | Manual migrations          |
+| **Raw SQL**        | Complex queries, performance-critical   | Manual type safety         |
+| **SQLAlchemy 2.0** | Python async ecosystem                  | Python only                |
+
+```typescript
+// Drizzle — SQL-like, edge-compatible
+const result = await db
+  .select({ id: users.id, name: users.name })
+  .from(users)
+  .where(and(eq(users.role, "admin"), eq(users.isActive, true)))
+  .orderBy(desc(users.createdAt))
+  .limit(20);
+
+// Prisma — ❌ TRAP: can't express complex joins natively → use prisma.$queryRaw<Type>
+const user = await prisma.user.findUnique({ where: { email }, include: { posts: { take: 10 } } });
+```
+
+---
+
+## Migrations (Zero-Downtime Strategy)
+
+```sql
+-- Safe column add on a large production table:
+-- Step 1: Add nullable (no lock)
+ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN phone TEXT;
+-- Step 2: Backfill in batches (non-blocking)
+UPDATE users SET phone = '' WHERE phone IS NULL AND id BETWEEN 1 AND 10000;
+-- Step 3: Add constraint AFTER all code deploys write the column
+ALTER TABLE users ALTER COLUMN phone SET NOT NULL;
+```
+
+**Migration Rules:**
+
+- Never modify a migration already applied to production — create a new one
+- Remove column in 2 deploys: first remove all code references, then `DROP COLUMN`
+- `CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY` to avoid table locks on existing data
+- Test migrations against a copy of production data before running live
+
+---
+
+## Indexing Reference
+
+| Index Type         | Use For                                              |
+| ------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------- |
+| **B-tree**         | General purpose — equality & range queries (default) |
+| **Hash**           | Equality-only lookups (faster than B-tree for =)     |
+| **GIN**            | JSONB, arrays, full-text (`tsvector`)                |
+| **GiST**           | Geometric, range types                               |
+| **HNSW / IVFFlat** | Vector similarity (pgvector)                         |
+
+**Composite index column order:** equality columns first → range columns last → most selective first
+
+---
+
+## Audit Trail
+
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE audit_log (
+    id         BIGINT GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
+    table_name TEXT NOT NULL, record_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    action     TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (action IN ('INSERT', 'UPDATE', 'DELETE')),
+    old_data   JSONB, new_data JSONB,
+    changed_by BIGINT REFERENCES users(id),
+    changed_at TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL DEFAULT now()
+);
+CREATE INDEX idx_audit_log_table_record ON audit_log (table_name, record_id);
+CREATE INDEX idx_audit_log_changed_at ON audit_log USING brin (changed_at); -- BRIN for time-ordered append-only tables
+```
+
+---
+
+## Connection Pooling
+
+```
+Without pooling: 100 concurrent requests → 100 DB connections → overwhelms DB
+With pooling:    100 concurrent requests → 10–20 reused connections
+
+Sizing formula: max_connections = (cpu_cores × 2) + disk_spindles  (typically 25–50)
+
+Poolers:
+  PgBouncer          → External, most common for self-hosted Postgres
+  Prisma Accelerate  → Managed, for Prisma projects
+  Supabase Supavisor → Managed, for Supabase projects
+```
+
+---
+
+AI coding assistants often fall into specific bad habits when dealing with this domain. These are strictly forbidden:
+
+1. **Over-engineering:** Proposing complex abstractions or distributed systems when a simpler approach suffices.
+2. **Hallucinated Libraries/Methods:** Using non-existent methods or packages. Always `// VERIFY` or check `package.json` / `requirements.txt`.
+3. **Skipping Edge Cases:** Writing the "happy path" and ignoring error handling, timeouts, or data validation.
+4. **Context Amnesia:** Forgetting the user's constraints and offering generic advice instead of tailored solutions.
+5. **Silent Degradation:** Catching and suppressing errors without logging or re-raising.
+
+---
+
+**Slash command: `/review` or `/tribunal-full`**
+**Active reviewers: `logic-reviewer` · `security-auditor`**
+
+### ❌ Forbidden AI Tropes
+
+1. **Blind Assumptions:** Never make an assumption without documenting it clearly with `// VERIFY: [reason]`.
+2. **Silent Degradation:** Catching and suppressing errors without logging or handling.
+3. **Context Amnesia:** Forgetting the user's constraints and offering generic advice instead of tailored solutions.
+
+Review these questions before confirming output:
+
+```
+✅ Did I rely ONLY on real, verified tools and methods?
+✅ Is this solution appropriately scoped to the user's constraints?
+✅ Did I handle potential failure modes and edge cases?
+✅ Have I avoided generic boilerplate that doesn't add value?
+```
+
+### 🛑 Verification-Before-Completion (VBC) Protocol
+
+**CRITICAL:** You must follow a strict "evidence-based closeout" state machine.
+
+- ❌ **Forbidden:** Declaring a task complete because the output "looks correct."
+- ✅ **Required:** You are explicitly forbidden from finalizing any task without providing **concrete evidence** (terminal output, passing tests, compile success, or equivalent proof) that your output works as intended.
+
+## Pre-Flight Checklist
+
+- [ ] Have I reviewed the user's specific constraints and requests?
+- [ ] Have I checked the environment for relevant existing implementations?
+
+## VBC Protocol (Verification-Before-Completion)
+
+You MUST verify existing code signatures and variables before attempting to modify or call them. No hallucination is permitted.
 
 ---
 
@@ -268,6 +273,7 @@ AI coding assistants often fall into specific bad habits when dealing with this
 ### ✅ Pre-Flight Self-Audit
 
 Review these questions before confirming output:
+
 ```
 ✅ Did I rely ONLY on real, verified tools and methods?
 ✅ Is this solution appropriately scoped to the user's constraints?
@@ -278,5 +284,6 @@ Review these questions before confirming output:
 ### 🛑 Verification-Before-Completion (VBC) Protocol
 
 **CRITICAL:** You must follow a strict "evidence-based closeout" state machine.
+
 - ❌ **Forbidden:** Declaring a task complete because the output "looks correct."
 - ✅ **Required:** You are explicitly forbidden from finalizing any task without providing **concrete evidence** (terminal output, passing tests, compile success, or equivalent proof) that your output works as intended.