testeiya 0.2.0 → 0.3.9

package/skills/playwright-best-practices-skill/testing-patterns/visual-regression.md

@@ -1,634 +0,0 @@
-# Visual Regression Testing
-
-## Table of Contents
-
-1. [Quick Reference](#quick-reference)
-2. [Patterns](#patterns)
-3. [Decision Guide](#decision-guide)
-4. [Anti-Patterns](#anti-patterns)
-5. [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
-
-> **When to use**: Detecting unintended visual changes—layout shifts, style regressions, broken responsive designs—that functional assertions miss.
-
-## Quick Reference
-
-```typescript
-// Element screenshot
-await expect(page.getByTestId('product-card')).toHaveScreenshot();
-
-// Full page screenshot
-await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('landing-hero.png');
-
-// Threshold for minor pixel variance
-await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot({ maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01 });
-
-// Mask volatile content
-await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot({
-  mask: [page.getByTestId('clock'), page.getByRole('img', { name: 'User photo' })],
-});
-
-// Disable CSS animations
-await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot({ animations: 'disabled' });
-
-// Update baselines
-npx playwright test --update-snapshots
-```
-
-## Patterns
-
-### Masking Volatile Content
-
-**Use when**: Page contains timestamps, avatars, ad slots, relative dates, random images, or A/B variants.
-
-The `mask` option overlays a solid box over specified locators before capturing.
-
-```typescript
-test('analytics panel with masked dynamic elements', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/analytics');
-
-  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('analytics.png', {
-    mask: [
-      page.getByTestId('last-updated'),
-      page.getByTestId('profile-avatar'),
-      page.getByTestId('active-users'),
-      page.locator('.promo-banner'),
-    ],
-    maskColor: '#FF00FF',
-  });
-});
-
-test('activity stream with relative times', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/activity');
-
-  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('activity.png', {
-    mask: [page.locator('time[datetime]')],
-  });
-});
-```
-
-**Alternative: freeze content with JavaScript** when masking affects layout:
-
-```typescript
-test('freeze timestamps before capture', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/analytics');
-
-  await page.evaluate(() => {
-    document.querySelectorAll('[data-testid="time-display"]').forEach((el) => {
-      el.textContent = 'Jan 1, 2025 12:00 PM';
-    });
-  });
-
-  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('analytics-frozen.png');
-});
-```
-
-### Disabling Animations
-
-**Use when**: Always. CSS animations and transitions are the primary cause of flaky visual diffs.
-
-```typescript
-test('renders without animation interference', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/');
-
-  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('home.png', {
-    animations: 'disabled',
-  });
-});
-```
-
-**Set globally** in config:
-
-```typescript
-// playwright.config.ts
-export default defineConfig({
-  expect: {
-    toHaveScreenshot: {
-      animations: 'disabled',
-    },
-  },
-});
-```
-
-When `animations: 'disabled'` is set, Playwright injects CSS forcing animation/transition duration to 0s, waits for running animations to finish, then captures.
-
-For JavaScript-driven animations (GSAP, Framer Motion), wait for stability:
-
-```typescript
-test('page with JS animations', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/animated-hero');
-
-  const heroBanner = page.getByTestId('hero-banner');
-  await heroBanner.waitFor({ state: 'visible' });
-  
-  // Wait for animation to complete by checking for stable state
-  await expect(heroBanner).not.toHaveClass(/animating/);
-
-  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('hero.png', {
-    animations: 'disabled',
-  });
-});
-```
-
-### Configuring Thresholds
-
-**Use when**: Minor rendering differences from anti-aliasing, font hinting, or sub-pixel rendering cause false failures.
-
-| Option | Controls | Typical Value |
-|---|---|---|
-| `maxDiffPixels` | Absolute pixel count that can differ | `100` for pages, `10` for components |
-| `maxDiffPixelRatio` | Fraction of total pixels (0-1) | `0.01` (1%) for pages |
-| `threshold` | Per-pixel color tolerance (0-1) | `0.2` for most UIs, `0.1` for design systems |
-
-```typescript
-test('control panel allows minor variance', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/control-panel');
-
-  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('control-panel.png', {
-    maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01,
-  });
-});
-
-test('brand logo renders pixel-perfect', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/brand');
-
-  await expect(page.getByTestId('brand-logo')).toHaveScreenshot('brand-logo.png', {
-    maxDiffPixels: 0,
-    threshold: 0,
-  });
-});
-
-test('graph allows anti-aliasing differences', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/reports');
-
-  await expect(page.getByTestId('sales-graph')).toHaveScreenshot('sales-graph.png', {
-    threshold: 0.3,
-    maxDiffPixels: 200,
-  });
-});
-```
-
-**Global thresholds** in config:
-
-```typescript
-// playwright.config.ts
-export default defineConfig({
-  expect: {
-    toHaveScreenshot: {
-      maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01,
-      threshold: 0.2,
-      animations: 'disabled',
-    },
-  },
-});
-```
-
-### CI Configuration
-
-**Use when**: Running visual tests in CI. Consistent rendering is critical—the same test must produce identical screenshots every time.
-
-**The problem**: Font rendering and anti-aliasing differ across operating systems. macOS snapshots won't match Linux.
-
-**The solution**: Run visual tests in Docker using the official Playwright container. Generate and update snapshots from the same container.
-
-**GitHub Actions with Docker**
-
-```yaml
-# .github/workflows/visual-tests.yml
-name: Visual Regression Tests
-on: [push, pull_request]
-
-jobs:
-  visual-tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container:
-      image: mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.48.0-noble
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
-        with:
-          node-version: lts/*
-          cache: npm
-
-      - run: npm ci
-
-      - name: Run visual tests
-        run: npx playwright test --project=visual
-        env:
-          HOME: /root
-
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        if: failure()
-        with:
-          name: visual-test-report
-          path: playwright-report/
-          retention-days: 14
-```
-
-**Updating snapshots locally using Docker**:
-
-```bash
-docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/work -w /work \
-  mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.48.0-noble \
-  npx playwright test --update-snapshots --project=visual
-```
-
-**Add script to `package.json`**:
-
-```json
-{
-  "scripts": {
-    "test:visual": "npx playwright test --project=visual",
-    "test:visual:update": "docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/work -w /work mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.48.0-noble npx playwright test --update-snapshots --project=visual"
-  }
-}
-```
-
-**Platform-agnostic snapshots** (requires Docker for generation):
-
-```typescript
-// playwright.config.ts
-export default defineConfig({
-  snapshotPathTemplate: '{testDir}/{testFileDir}/{testFileName}-snapshots/{arg}{-projectName}{ext}',
-  projects: [
-    {
-      name: 'visual',
-      testMatch: '**/*.visual.spec.ts',
-      use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'] },
-    },
-  ],
-});
-```
-
-### Full Page vs Element Screenshots
-
-**Use when**: Deciding scope. Full page catches layout shifts. Element screenshots isolate components and are more stable.
-
-```typescript
-test('full page captures layout shifts', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/');
-
-  // Visible viewport
-  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('home-viewport.png');
-
-  // Entire scrollable page
-  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('home-full.png', {
-    fullPage: true,
-  });
-});
-
-test('element screenshot isolates component', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/catalog');
-
-  await expect(page.getByRole('table')).toHaveScreenshot('catalog-table.png');
-  await expect(page.getByTestId('featured-item')).toHaveScreenshot('featured-item.png');
-});
-```
-
-**Rule of thumb**: Element screenshots for independently changing components. Full page screenshots for key layouts where spacing matters.
-
-### Responsive Visual Testing
-
-**Use when**: Application has responsive breakpoints requiring verification at different viewport sizes.
-
-```typescript
-const breakpoints = [
-  { name: 'phone', width: 375, height: 812 },
-  { name: 'tablet', width: 768, height: 1024 },
-  { name: 'desktop', width: 1440, height: 900 },
-];
-
-for (const bp of breakpoints) {
-  test(`landing at ${bp.name} (${bp.width}x${bp.height})`, async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.setViewportSize({ width: bp.width, height: bp.height });
-    await page.goto('/');
-
-    await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot(`landing-${bp.name}.png`, {
-      animations: 'disabled',
-      fullPage: true,
-    });
-  });
-}
-```
-
-**Alternative: use projects for responsive testing**:
-
-```typescript
-// playwright.config.ts
-export default defineConfig({
-  projects: [
-    {
-      name: 'desktop',
-      testMatch: '**/*.visual.spec.ts',
-      use: {
-        ...devices['Desktop Chrome'],
-        viewport: { width: 1440, height: 900 },
-      },
-    },
-    {
-      name: 'tablet',
-      testMatch: '**/*.visual.spec.ts',
-      use: { ...devices['iPad (gen 7)'] },
-    },
-    {
-      name: 'mobile',
-      testMatch: '**/*.visual.spec.ts',
-      use: { ...devices['iPhone 14'] },
-    },
-  ],
-});
-```
-
-### Component Visual Testing
-
-**Use when**: Testing individual UI components in isolation—buttons, cards, forms, modals. Faster and more stable than full-page screenshots.
-
-```typescript
-test.describe('Button visual states', () => {
-  test('primary button', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/storybook/iframe.html?id=button--primary');
-    const btn = page.getByRole('button');
-    await expect(btn).toHaveScreenshot('btn-primary.png', {
-      animations: 'disabled',
-    });
-  });
-
-  test('primary button hover', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/storybook/iframe.html?id=button--primary');
-    const btn = page.getByRole('button');
-    await btn.hover();
-    await expect(btn).toHaveScreenshot('btn-primary-hover.png', {
-      animations: 'disabled',
-    });
-  });
-
-  test('button sizes', async ({ page }) => {
-    for (const size of ['small', 'medium', 'large']) {
-      await page.goto(`/storybook/iframe.html?id=button--${size}`);
-      const btn = page.getByRole('button');
-      await expect(btn).toHaveScreenshot(`btn-${size}.png`, {
-        animations: 'disabled',
-      });
-    }
-  });
-});
-```
-
-**Using a dedicated test harness** instead of Storybook:
-
-```typescript
-test.describe('Card component', () => {
-  test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/test-harness/card');
-  });
-
-  test('default state', async ({ page }) => {
-    await expect(page.getByTestId('card')).toHaveScreenshot('card-default.png', {
-      animations: 'disabled',
-    });
-  });
-
-  test('truncates long content', async ({ page }) => {
-    await page.goto('/test-harness/card?content=long');
-    await expect(page.getByTestId('card')).toHaveScreenshot('card-long.png', {
-      animations: 'disabled',
-    });
-  });
-});
-```
-
-### Updating Snapshots
-
-**Use when**: Intentionally changed UI—design refresh, rebrand, new feature. Never update when diff is unexpected.
-
-```bash
-# Update all snapshots
-npx playwright test --update-snapshots
-
-# Update for specific file
-npx playwright test tests/landing.spec.ts --update-snapshots
-
-# Update for specific project
-npx playwright test --project=chromium --update-snapshots
-```
-
-**Workflow for reviewing changes:**
-
-1. Run tests and view failures in HTML report:
-   ```bash
-   npx playwright test
-   npx playwright show-report
-   ```
-   The report shows expected, actual, and diff images side-by-side.
-
-2. If changes are intentional, update:
-   ```bash
-   npx playwright test --update-snapshots
-   ```
-
-3. Review updated snapshots before committing:
-   ```bash
-   git diff --name-only
-   ```
-
-**Tag visual tests for selective updates:**
-
-```typescript
-test('landing visual @visual', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/');
-  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('landing.png', {
-    animations: 'disabled',
-  });
-});
-```
-
-```bash
-npx playwright test --grep @visual --update-snapshots
-```
-
-### Cross-Browser Visual Testing
-
-**Use when**: Users span Chrome, Firefox, Safari and you need per-browser rendering verification.
-
-Playwright separates snapshots by project name automatically. Each browser gets its own baseline—browsers render fonts and shadows differently.
-
-```typescript
-// playwright.config.ts
-export default defineConfig({
-  expect: {
-    toHaveScreenshot: {
-      animations: 'disabled',
-      maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01,
-    },
-  },
-  projects: [
-    {
-      name: 'chromium',
-      use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'] },
-    },
-    {
-      name: 'firefox',
-      use: { ...devices['Desktop Firefox'] },
-    },
-    {
-      name: 'webkit',
-      use: { ...devices['Desktop Safari'] },
-    },
-  ],
-});
-```
-
-**Strategy**: Run visual tests in a single browser (Chromium on Linux in CI) to minimize snapshot count. Add other browsers only when you have actual cross-browser rendering bugs:
-
-```typescript
-// playwright.config.ts
-export default defineConfig({
-  projects: [
-    {
-      name: 'visual',
-      testMatch: '**/*.visual.spec.ts',
-      use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'] },
-    },
-    {
-      name: 'chromium',
-      testIgnore: '**/*.visual.spec.ts',
-      use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'] },
-    },
-    {
-      name: 'firefox',
-      testIgnore: '**/*.visual.spec.ts',
-      use: { ...devices['Desktop Firefox'] },
-    },
-  ],
-});
-```
-
-## Decision Guide
-
-| Scenario | Approach | Rationale |
-|---|---|---|
-| Key landing/marketing pages | Full page, `fullPage: true` | Catches layout shifts, spacing, overall harmony |
-| Individual components | Element screenshot | Isolated, fast, immune to unrelated changes |
-| Page with dynamic content | Full page + `mask` | Covers layout while ignoring volatile content |
-| Design system library | Element per variant, zero threshold | Pixel-perfect enforcement |
-| Responsive verification | Screenshot per viewport | Catches breakpoint bugs |
-| Cross-browser consistency | Separate snapshots per browser | Browsers render differently |
-| CI pipeline | Docker container, Linux-only snapshots | Consistent rendering |
-| Threshold: design system | `threshold: 0`, `maxDiffPixels: 0` | Zero tolerance |
-| Threshold: content pages | `maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01`, `threshold: 0.2` | Minor anti-aliasing variance |
-| Threshold: charts/graphs | `maxDiffPixels: 200`, `threshold: 0.3` | Anti-aliasing on curves varies |
-
-## Anti-Patterns
-
-| Don't | Problem | Do Instead |
-|---|---|---|
-| Visual test every page | Massive maintenance, constant false failures | Pick 5-10 key pages and critical components |
-| Skip masking dynamic content | Screenshots differ every run, permanently flaky | Use `mask` for all volatile elements |
-| Run across macOS, Linux, Windows | Font rendering differs, snapshots never match | Standardize on Linux via Docker |
-| Skip Docker in CI | OS updates shift rendering silently | Pin specific Playwright Docker image |
-| Blindly run `--update-snapshots` | Accepts unintentional regressions | Always review diff in HTML report first |
-| Skip `animations: 'disabled'` | CSS transitions create random diffs | Set globally in config |
-| Replace functional assertions with visual tests | Diffs don't tell you *what* broke | Visual tests complement, never replace |
-| Commit snapshots from different platforms | Tests fail for everyone | All team members use same Docker container |
-| Set threshold too high (`0.1`) | 10% pixel change passes, defeats purpose | Start with `0.01`, adjust per-test |
-| Full page on infinite scroll pages | Page height nondeterministic | Element screenshots on above-the-fold content |
-
-## Troubleshooting
-
-### "Screenshot comparison failed" on first CI run after local development
-
-**Cause**: Snapshots generated on macOS locally. CI runs on Linux. Font rendering differs.
-
-**Fix**: Generate snapshots using Docker:
-
-```bash
-docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/work -w /work \
-  mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.48.0-noble \
-  npx playwright test --update-snapshots --project=visual
-```
-
-Commit Linux-generated snapshots.
-
-### "Expected screenshot to match but X pixels differ"
-
-**Cause**: Anti-aliasing, font hinting, sub-pixel rendering differences.
-
-**Fix**: Add tolerance:
-
-```typescript
-await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('page.png', {
-  maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01,
-  threshold: 0.2,
-});
-```
-
-Check HTML report diff image to determine if it's regression or noise.
-
-### Visual tests pass locally but fail in CI (even with Docker)
-
-**Cause**: Different Playwright versions locally vs CI.
-
-**Fix**: Ensure `package.json` version matches Docker image tag:
-
-```json
-{
-  "devDependencies": {
-    "@playwright/test": "latest"
-  }
-}
-```
-
-```yaml
-container:
-  image: mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.48.0-noble
-```
-
-### Animations cause random diff failures
-
-**Cause**: CSS animations captured mid-frame.
-
-**Fix**: Set `animations: 'disabled'` globally:
-
-```typescript
-// playwright.config.ts
-export default defineConfig({
-  expect: {
-    toHaveScreenshot: {
-      animations: 'disabled',
-    },
-  },
-});
-```
-
-For JS animations, wait for stable state before capture.
-
-### Snapshot file names conflict between tests
-
-**Cause**: Two tests use same screenshot name without unique paths.
-
-**Fix**: Use explicit unique names:
-
-```typescript
-await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('auth-home.png');
-await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('public-home.png');
-```
-
-Or customize snapshot path template:
-
-```typescript
-export default defineConfig({
-  snapshotPathTemplate: '{testDir}/{testFileDir}/{testFileName}-snapshots/{arg}{-projectName}{ext}',
-});
-```
-
-### Too many snapshot files to maintain
-
-**Cause**: Visual tests for every page, browser, viewport.
-
-**Fix**: Be selective. Visual test only high-risk pages:
-- Landing and marketing pages
-- Design system components
-- Complex layouts (dashboards, data tables)
-- Pages after major refactor
-
-Skip pages where functional assertions cover key elements.