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package/assets/.agent/skills/convex-http-actions/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: convex-http-actions
+displayName: Convex HTTP Actions
+description: External API integration and webhook handling including HTTP endpoint routing, request/response handling, authentication, CORS configuration, and webhook signature validation
+version: 1.0.0
+author: Convex
+tags: [convex, http, actions, webhooks, api, endpoints]
+---
+
+# Convex HTTP Actions
+
+Build HTTP endpoints for webhooks, external API integrations, and custom routes in Convex applications.
+
+## Documentation Sources
+
+Before implementing, do not assume; fetch the latest documentation:
+
+- Primary: https://docs.convex.dev/functions/http-actions
+- Actions Overview: https://docs.convex.dev/functions/actions
+- Authentication: https://docs.convex.dev/auth
+- For broader context: https://docs.convex.dev/llms.txt
+
+## Instructions
+
+### HTTP Actions Overview
+
+HTTP actions allow you to define HTTP endpoints in Convex that can:
+
+- Receive webhooks from third-party services
+- Create custom API routes
+- Handle file uploads
+- Integrate with external services
+- Serve dynamic content
+
+### Basic HTTP Router Setup
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+// Simple GET endpoint
+http.route({
+  path: "/health",
+  method: "GET",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    return new Response(JSON.stringify({ status: "ok" }), {
+      status: 200,
+      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+    });
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+### Request Handling
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+// Handle JSON body
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/data",
+  method: "POST",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    // Parse JSON body
+    const body = await request.json();
+    
+    // Access headers
+    const authHeader = request.headers.get("Authorization");
+    
+    // Access URL parameters
+    const url = new URL(request.url);
+    const queryParam = url.searchParams.get("filter");
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({ received: body, filter: queryParam }),
+      {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+      }
+    );
+  }),
+});
+
+// Handle form data
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/form",
+  method: "POST",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const formData = await request.formData();
+    const name = formData.get("name");
+    const email = formData.get("email");
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({ name, email }),
+      {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+      }
+    );
+  }),
+});
+
+// Handle raw bytes
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/upload",
+  method: "POST",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const bytes = await request.bytes();
+    const contentType = request.headers.get("Content-Type") ?? "application/octet-stream";
+    
+    // Store in Convex storage
+    const blob = new Blob([bytes], { type: contentType });
+    const storageId = await ctx.storage.store(blob);
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({ storageId }),
+      {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+      }
+    );
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+### Path Parameters
+
+Use path prefix matching for dynamic routes:
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+// Match /api/users/* with pathPrefix
+http.route({
+  pathPrefix: "/api/users/",
+  method: "GET",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const url = new URL(request.url);
+    // Extract user ID from path: /api/users/123 -> "123"
+    const userId = url.pathname.replace("/api/users/", "");
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({ userId }),
+      {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+      }
+    );
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+### CORS Configuration
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+// CORS headers helper
+const corsHeaders = {
+  "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
+  "Access-Control-Allow-Methods": "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS",
+  "Access-Control-Allow-Headers": "Content-Type, Authorization",
+  "Access-Control-Max-Age": "86400",
+};
+
+// Handle preflight requests
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/data",
+  method: "OPTIONS",
+  handler: httpAction(async () => {
+    return new Response(null, {
+      status: 204,
+      headers: corsHeaders,
+    });
+  }),
+});
+
+// Actual endpoint with CORS
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/data",
+  method: "POST",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const body = await request.json();
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify({ success: true, data: body }),
+      {
+        status: 200,
+        headers: {
+          "Content-Type": "application/json",
+          ...corsHeaders,
+        },
+      }
+    );
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+### Webhook Handling
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+import { internal } from "./_generated/api";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+// Stripe webhook
+http.route({
+  path: "/webhooks/stripe",
+  method: "POST",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const signature = request.headers.get("stripe-signature");
+    if (!signature) {
+      return new Response("Missing signature", { status: 400 });
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.text();
+
+    // Verify webhook signature (in action with Node.js)
+    try {
+      await ctx.runAction(internal.stripe.verifyAndProcessWebhook, {
+        body,
+        signature,
+      });
+      return new Response("OK", { status: 200 });
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error("Webhook error:", error);
+      return new Response("Webhook error", { status: 400 });
+    }
+  }),
+});
+
+// GitHub webhook
+http.route({
+  path: "/webhooks/github",
+  method: "POST",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const event = request.headers.get("X-GitHub-Event");
+    const signature = request.headers.get("X-Hub-Signature-256");
+    
+    if (!signature) {
+      return new Response("Missing signature", { status: 400 });
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.text();
+
+    await ctx.runAction(internal.github.processWebhook, {
+      event: event ?? "unknown",
+      body,
+      signature,
+    });
+
+    return new Response("OK", { status: 200 });
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+### Webhook Signature Verification
+
+```typescript
+// convex/stripe.ts
+"use node";
+
+import { internalAction, internalMutation } from "./_generated/server";
+import { internal } from "./_generated/api";
+import { v } from "convex/values";
+import Stripe from "stripe";
+
+const stripe = new Stripe(process.env.STRIPE_SECRET_KEY!);
+
+export const verifyAndProcessWebhook = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    body: v.string(),
+    signature: v.string(),
+  },
+  returns: v.null(),
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const webhookSecret = process.env.STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET!;
+
+    // Verify signature
+    const event = stripe.webhooks.constructEvent(
+      args.body,
+      args.signature,
+      webhookSecret
+    );
+
+    // Process based on event type
+    switch (event.type) {
+      case "checkout.session.completed":
+        await ctx.runMutation(internal.payments.handleCheckoutComplete, {
+          sessionId: event.data.object.id,
+          customerId: event.data.object.customer as string,
+        });
+        break;
+
+      case "customer.subscription.updated":
+        await ctx.runMutation(internal.subscriptions.handleUpdate, {
+          subscriptionId: event.data.object.id,
+          status: event.data.object.status,
+        });
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Authentication in HTTP Actions
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+import { internal } from "./_generated/api";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+// API key authentication
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/protected",
+  method: "GET",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const apiKey = request.headers.get("X-API-Key");
+    
+    if (!apiKey) {
+      return new Response(
+        JSON.stringify({ error: "Missing API key" }),
+        { status: 401, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Validate API key
+    const isValid = await ctx.runQuery(internal.auth.validateApiKey, {
+      apiKey,
+    });
+
+    if (!isValid) {
+      return new Response(
+        JSON.stringify({ error: "Invalid API key" }),
+        { status: 403, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Process authenticated request
+    const data = await ctx.runQuery(internal.data.getProtectedData, {});
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify(data),
+      { status: 200, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
+    );
+  }),
+});
+
+// Bearer token authentication
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/user",
+  method: "GET",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const authHeader = request.headers.get("Authorization");
+    
+    if (!authHeader?.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
+      return new Response(
+        JSON.stringify({ error: "Missing or invalid Authorization header" }),
+        { status: 401, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
+      );
+    }
+
+    const token = authHeader.slice(7);
+
+    // Validate token and get user
+    const user = await ctx.runQuery(internal.auth.validateToken, { token });
+
+    if (!user) {
+      return new Response(
+        JSON.stringify({ error: "Invalid token" }),
+        { status: 403, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
+      );
+    }
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify(user),
+      { status: 200, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
+    );
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+### Calling Mutations and Queries
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+import { api, internal } from "./_generated/api";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/items",
+  method: "POST",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const body = await request.json();
+
+    // Call a mutation
+    const itemId = await ctx.runMutation(internal.items.create, {
+      name: body.name,
+      description: body.description,
+    });
+
+    // Query the created item
+    const item = await ctx.runQuery(internal.items.get, { id: itemId });
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify(item),
+      { status: 201, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
+    );
+  }),
+});
+
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/items",
+  method: "GET",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const url = new URL(request.url);
+    const limit = parseInt(url.searchParams.get("limit") ?? "10");
+
+    const items = await ctx.runQuery(internal.items.list, { limit });
+
+    return new Response(
+      JSON.stringify(items),
+      { status: 200, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }
+    );
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+### Error Handling
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+// Helper for JSON responses
+function jsonResponse(data: unknown, status = 200) {
+  return new Response(JSON.stringify(data), {
+    status,
+    headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+  });
+}
+
+// Helper for error responses
+function errorResponse(message: string, status: number) {
+  return jsonResponse({ error: message }, status);
+}
+
+http.route({
+  path: "/api/process",
+  method: "POST",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    try {
+      // Validate content type
+      const contentType = request.headers.get("Content-Type");
+      if (!contentType?.includes("application/json")) {
+        return errorResponse("Content-Type must be application/json", 415);
+      }
+
+      // Parse body
+      let body;
+      try {
+        body = await request.json();
+      } catch {
+        return errorResponse("Invalid JSON body", 400);
+      }
+
+      // Validate required fields
+      if (!body.data) {
+        return errorResponse("Missing required field: data", 400);
+      }
+
+      // Process request
+      const result = await ctx.runMutation(internal.process.handle, {
+        data: body.data,
+      });
+
+      return jsonResponse({ success: true, result }, 200);
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error("Processing error:", error);
+      return errorResponse("Internal server error", 500);
+    }
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+### File Downloads
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+import { Id } from "./_generated/dataModel";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+http.route({
+  pathPrefix: "/files/",
+  method: "GET",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const url = new URL(request.url);
+    const fileId = url.pathname.replace("/files/", "") as Id<"_storage">;
+
+    // Get file URL from storage
+    const fileUrl = await ctx.storage.getUrl(fileId);
+
+    if (!fileUrl) {
+      return new Response("File not found", { status: 404 });
+    }
+
+    // Redirect to the file URL
+    return Response.redirect(fileUrl, 302);
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Complete Webhook Integration
+
+```typescript
+// convex/http.ts
+import { httpRouter } from "convex/server";
+import { httpAction } from "./_generated/server";
+import { internal } from "./_generated/api";
+
+const http = httpRouter();
+
+// Clerk webhook for user sync
+http.route({
+  path: "/webhooks/clerk",
+  method: "POST",
+  handler: httpAction(async (ctx, request) => {
+    const svixId = request.headers.get("svix-id");
+    const svixTimestamp = request.headers.get("svix-timestamp");
+    const svixSignature = request.headers.get("svix-signature");
+
+    if (!svixId || !svixTimestamp || !svixSignature) {
+      return new Response("Missing Svix headers", { status: 400 });
+    }
+
+    const body = await request.text();
+
+    try {
+      await ctx.runAction(internal.clerk.verifyAndProcess, {
+        body,
+        svixId,
+        svixTimestamp,
+        svixSignature,
+      });
+      return new Response("OK", { status: 200 });
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error("Clerk webhook error:", error);
+      return new Response("Webhook verification failed", { status: 400 });
+    }
+  }),
+});
+
+export default http;
+```
+
+```typescript
+// convex/clerk.ts
+"use node";
+
+import { internalAction, internalMutation } from "./_generated/server";
+import { internal } from "./_generated/api";
+import { v } from "convex/values";
+import { Webhook } from "svix";
+
+export const verifyAndProcess = internalAction({
+  args: {
+    body: v.string(),
+    svixId: v.string(),
+    svixTimestamp: v.string(),
+    svixSignature: v.string(),
+  },
+  returns: v.null(),
+  handler: async (ctx, args) => {
+    const webhookSecret = process.env.CLERK_WEBHOOK_SECRET!;
+    const wh = new Webhook(webhookSecret);
+
+    const event = wh.verify(args.body, {
+      "svix-id": args.svixId,
+      "svix-timestamp": args.svixTimestamp,
+      "svix-signature": args.svixSignature,
+    }) as { type: string; data: Record<string, unknown> };
+
+    switch (event.type) {
+      case "user.created":
+        await ctx.runMutation(internal.users.create, {
+          clerkId: event.data.id as string,
+          email: (event.data.email_addresses as Array<{ email_address: string }>)[0]?.email_address,
+          name: `${event.data.first_name} ${event.data.last_name}`,
+        });
+        break;
+
+      case "user.updated":
+        await ctx.runMutation(internal.users.update, {
+          clerkId: event.data.id as string,
+          email: (event.data.email_addresses as Array<{ email_address: string }>)[0]?.email_address,
+          name: `${event.data.first_name} ${event.data.last_name}`,
+        });
+        break;
+
+      case "user.deleted":
+        await ctx.runMutation(internal.users.remove, {
+          clerkId: event.data.id as string,
+        });
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  },
+});
+```
+
+### Schema for HTTP API
+
+```typescript
+// convex/schema.ts
+import { defineSchema, defineTable } from "convex/server";
+import { v } from "convex/values";
+
+export default defineSchema({
+  apiKeys: defineTable({
+    key: v.string(),
+    userId: v.id("users"),
+    name: v.string(),
+    createdAt: v.number(),
+    lastUsedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+    revokedAt: v.optional(v.number()),
+  })
+    .index("by_key", ["key"])
+    .index("by_user", ["userId"]),
+
+  webhookEvents: defineTable({
+    source: v.string(),
+    eventType: v.string(),
+    payload: v.any(),
+    processedAt: v.number(),
+    status: v.union(
+      v.literal("success"),
+      v.literal("failed")
+    ),
+    error: v.optional(v.string()),
+  })
+    .index("by_source", ["source"])
+    .index("by_status", ["status"]),
+
+  users: defineTable({
+    clerkId: v.string(),
+    email: v.string(),
+    name: v.string(),
+  }).index("by_clerk_id", ["clerkId"]),
+});
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- Never run `npx convex deploy` unless explicitly instructed
+- Never run any git commands unless explicitly instructed
+- Always validate and sanitize incoming request data
+- Use internal functions for database operations
+- Implement proper error handling with appropriate status codes
+- Add CORS headers for browser-accessible endpoints
+- Verify webhook signatures before processing
+- Log webhook events for debugging
+- Use environment variables for secrets
+- Handle timeouts gracefully
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+
+1. **Missing CORS preflight handler** - Browsers send OPTIONS requests first
+2. **Not validating webhook signatures** - Security vulnerability
+3. **Exposing internal functions** - Use internal functions from HTTP actions
+4. **Forgetting Content-Type headers** - Clients may not parse responses correctly
+5. **Not handling request body errors** - Invalid JSON will throw
+6. **Blocking on long operations** - Use scheduled functions for heavy processing
+
+## References
+
+- Convex Documentation: https://docs.convex.dev/
+- Convex LLMs.txt: https://docs.convex.dev/llms.txt
+- HTTP Actions: https://docs.convex.dev/functions/http-actions
+- Actions: https://docs.convex.dev/functions/actions
+- Authentication: https://docs.convex.dev/auth