sparkforensics-server 0.5.2 → 0.8.1

This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
Files changed (445) hide show
  1. package/index.js +16 -7
  2. package/package.json +1 -1
  3. package/public/assets/AutoscalingChurn-DenWKTv-.js +1 -0
  4. package/public/assets/CacheUtilization-DLz7NdjV.js +1 -0
  5. package/public/assets/CachingOpportunity-zpQIqhzm.js +1 -0
  6. package/public/assets/ChartTheme-DAiARbLP.js +8 -0
  7. package/public/assets/ColdStart-C-9HjxWl.js +1 -0
  8. package/public/assets/ConfigAudit-D0V9tcrJ.js +1 -0
  9. package/public/assets/CoreUsageArea-yeerrljd.js +1 -0
  10. package/public/assets/Dashboard-DkUPrHKV.js +1 -0
  11. package/public/assets/DisclosureContext-DK1_iz6J.js +1 -0
  12. package/public/assets/DuplicatePlanSubtree-xDNDbCd3.js +1 -0
  13. package/public/assets/DurationHistogram-B6jsE0Ov.js +1 -0
  14. package/public/assets/EmptyState-C1uL40VU.js +1 -0
  15. package/public/assets/ExecutorUtilization-DXDZKmSc.js +1 -0
  16. package/public/assets/GcPressure-MRf7I4IG.js +1 -0
  17. package/public/assets/ImpactEstimate-Dm3xWbzV.js +1 -0
  18. package/public/assets/IncompleteRun-CaLOhMtf.js +1 -0
  19. package/public/assets/JobFailures-CzmzlvhO.js +1 -0
  20. package/public/assets/MemoryUtilization-AWUMUjCH.js +1 -0
  21. package/public/assets/NestedLoopJoin-C9sNr6Ss.js +1 -0
  22. package/public/assets/OverBroadcast-BOmRE6ca.js +1 -0
  23. package/public/assets/PartitionHint-BL2EmJfE.js +1 -0
  24. package/public/assets/PartitionSizing-BzBySvUq.js +1 -0
  25. package/public/assets/PlanExplorer-DdiQRcJU.js +1 -0
  26. package/public/assets/PlanGraphRoute-CIH9gBuR.js +1 -0
  27. package/public/assets/PlanView-B1hxzFRs.js +2 -0
  28. package/public/assets/PythonUdf-DvgCCueD.js +1 -0
  29. package/public/assets/RetryWaste-uXXu_CyM.js +1 -0
  30. package/public/assets/RowPagination-C-LzWkI5.js +1 -0
  31. package/public/assets/RowStatusCluster-Dbtmte7l.js +1 -0
  32. package/public/assets/ShuffleIO-nALwzC1_.js +1 -0
  33. package/public/assets/Skew-CHMEKgvk.js +1 -0
  34. package/public/assets/SlowHost-yyvjpHk6.js +1 -0
  35. package/public/assets/SmallFiles-y6odJ97n.js +1 -0
  36. package/public/assets/SpeculationWaste-C-SD2LOt.js +1 -0
  37. package/public/assets/Spill-DHTMmOup.js +1 -0
  38. package/public/assets/StageFailed-CQ3DxC9R.js +1 -0
  39. package/public/assets/StageFindingGroup-BgYLyj5q.js +1 -0
  40. package/public/assets/StageHeader-CIETkjVZ.js +1 -0
  41. package/public/assets/StagePill--P7PDd3s.js +1 -0
  42. package/public/assets/StageShape-BIv8vx_o.js +1 -0
  43. package/public/assets/StageSlowness-MMqzERxN.js +1 -0
  44. package/public/assets/Straggler-BgrY7AyW.js +1 -0
  45. package/public/assets/TaskFailures-BHHyKYTs.js +1 -0
  46. package/public/assets/TinyTask-DDScNhCl.js +1 -0
  47. package/public/assets/UnderBroadcast-CGIC04TI.js +1 -0
  48. package/public/assets/WidgetLeadSummary-CXFZP00C.js +1 -0
  49. package/public/assets/button-DbpTz2yk.js +1 -0
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  53. package/public/assets/detector-registry-Bp8hrLua.js +2 -0
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  67. package/public/assets/{parser-worker-CA5RxqKc.js → parser-worker-CRIOPMOW.js} +8 -8
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data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/spark-architecture.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Spark Execution Model</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/memory-model.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Memory Management</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/partitioning.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" 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Specifics</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/aqe.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Adaptive Query Execution</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/cluster-config.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Cluster Tuning</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/anti-patterns.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Anti-Patterns</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 has-active" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Detector Catalog</h2><!----></div><div class="items" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-skew.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Task Skew</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-shuffle.html" 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data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>On this page</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _docs_tuning-reference_bottleneck-straggler" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="bottleneck-straggler" tabindex="-1">Stragglers <a class="header-anchor" href="#bottleneck-straggler" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Stragglers {#bottleneck-straggler}&quot;">​</a></h1><p><span class="tag">STRAG</span></p><h2 id="what-it-is" tabindex="-1">What it is <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-it-is" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;What it is&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A straggler is one task (or a small handful of tasks) that runs far longer than the rest of the tasks in its stage, even when the stage is otherwise healthy. Because a stage only completes once its last task finishes, a single straggler holds up the whole stage, and every other executor sits idle waiting for it to catch up.</p><h2 id="how-it-s-detected" tabindex="-1">How it&#39;s detected <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-s-detected" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How it&#39;s detected&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A task counts as a straggler when speculative tasks fired for it, or when more than 5% of the tasks in a stage run at least 4× the stage&#39;s median task duration; this rule only applies once a stage has at least 10 tasks.</p><p>&quot;Duration&quot; here is <code>executorRunTime</code>: elapsed wall-clock time, not CPU time, and it already includes any time the task spent blocked fetching shuffle data<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">[1]</a></sup>. That matters when tracking down why a task is slow: a long <code>executorRunTime</code> doesn&#39;t necessarily mean more compute happened. A <a href="./bottleneck-gc.html">garbage-collection pause</a> is counted inside it rather than added on top (<code>jvmGCTime</code> is a subset of <code>executorRunTime</code>, not additive<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:1">[1:1]</a></sup>), and a task waiting on a remote shuffle block it needs next shows up in <code>shuffleReadMetrics.fetchWaitTime</code>, which only counts genuine blocking time, not blocks being prefetched in the background<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:2">[1:2]</a></sup>.</p><p>The &quot;speculative tasks fired&quot; half of the rule is Spark&#39;s own detector: once <code>spark.speculation.quantile</code> (default <code>0.9</code>) of a stage&#39;s tasks finish, Spark compares each remaining task&#39;s duration against <code>spark.speculation.multiplier</code> (default <code>3</code>) times the median of the tasks that already finished, subject to a <code>spark.speculation.minTaskRuntime</code> floor (default <code>100ms</code>) so short tasks aren&#39;t flagged just for being slower than a tiny median<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">[2]</a></sup>. Speculation itself is off by default (<code>spark.speculation</code> defaults to <code>false</code>), so this half of the rule only fires on stages where it&#39;s been turned on<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:1">[2:1]</a></sup>.</p><p>Watch for overlap with <a href="./bottleneck-skew.html">task skew</a>: an unevenly distributed key sends one partition far more data than its peers, and that partition&#39;s task will trip this same duration threshold even though the underlying cause is data volume, not a slow host or a GC pause. Check the skew signals before assuming the latter.</p><h2 id="why-it-matters" tabindex="-1">Why it matters <a class="header-anchor" href="#why-it-matters" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Why it matters&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A straggler wastes cluster capacity the same way a skewed stage does: every executor other than the one running the slow task finishes early and idles, while total job time still tracks the single slowest task. Because a straggler&#39;s duration can be inflated by a GC pause<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:3">[1:3]</a></sup> or a slow <a href="./shuffle.html">shuffle</a> fetch<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:4">[1:4]</a></sup> rather than genuinely more work, it&#39;s worth checking those angles (and whether the real cause is skew rather than anything task-local) before assuming a hardware explanation.</p><h2 id="how-to-fix-it" tabindex="-1">How to fix it <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-fix-it" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How to fix it&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>Enable speculative execution: <code>spark.speculation</code> is <code>false</code> by default, so nothing reruns a slow task automatically until it&#39;s turned on<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:2">[2:2]</a></sup>.</li><li>Tune the trigger: <code>spark.speculation.quantile</code> (default <code>0.9</code>) sets how much of the stage must finish before speculation kicks in, and <code>spark.speculation.multiplier</code> (default <code>3</code>) sets how many times slower than the median a task must be. For stages with very few tasks, <code>spark.speculation.task.duration.threshold</code> (available since 3.0.0) gives an absolute-duration trigger instead of relying on the median<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:3">[2:3]</a></sup>.</li><li>Since Spark 3.4, <code>spark.speculation.efficiency.enabled</code> (default <code>true</code>) adds a filter so a task is only speculated if its data-process rate is below the stage average (times <code>spark.speculation.efficiency.processRateMultiplier</code>, default <code>0.75</code>) or its duration exceeds <code>spark.speculation.efficiency.longRunTaskFactor</code> (default <code>2</code>) times the same time threshold. This avoids wasting a duplicate task slot on work that&#39;s simply doing more, not running slower<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:4">[2:4]</a></sup>.</li><li>If the cause is really a skewed key, treat it as <a href="./bottleneck-skew.html">task skew</a> instead: AQE&#39;s skew-join optimization automatically splits a partition once it&#39;s larger than <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.skewedPartitionFactor</code> (default <code>5.0</code>) times the median partition size and above <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.skewedPartitionThresholdInBytes</code> (default <code>256 MB</code>)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:5">[2:5]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3">[3]</a></sup>. Manual salting (appending a random prefix to the skewed key so it spreads across more partitions) is the pre-AQE fallback, though the design doc behind AQE&#39;s skew handling calls salting and other manual approaches limited compared to the automatic option<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4">[4]</a></sup>.</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>PySpark:</strong> speculation settings can be set on the session directly, no <code>spark-submit</code> flag needed: <code>spark.conf.set(&quot;spark.speculation&quot;, &quot;true&quot;)</code>, then the quantile/multiplier equivalents the same way.</p></blockquote><p>Speculation config: defaults shown, plus the absolute-duration trigger for small stages:</p><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># Speculatively relaunch straggler tasks (OFF by default)</span></span>
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class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-tiny-tasks.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Tiny Tasks</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-job-failure-rate.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Job Failure Rate</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-memory-utilization.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Memory Utilization</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-duplicate-plan-subtree.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Duplicate Plan Subtree</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-small-files.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Small Files</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-broadcast-sizing.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Broadcast Sizing</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><div class="no-transition group" data-v-c40bc020><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0" data-v-c40bc020 data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><h2 class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Reference</h2><!----></div><div class="items" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/metrics.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Metrics Glossary</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="item" data-v-b3fd67f8><div class="indicator" data-v-b3fd67f8></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/docs/tuning-reference/config.html" data-v-b3fd67f8><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-b3fd67f8>Spark Config Quick-Reference</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-5d98c3a5 data-v-1428d186><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-1428d186 data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39a288b8></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39a288b8><div class="aside-content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-3f215769><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" class="VPDocAsideOutline" data-v-3f215769 data-v-a5bbad30><div class="content" data-v-a5bbad30><div class="outline-marker" data-v-a5bbad30></div><div aria-level="2" class="outline-title" id="doc-outline-aria-label" role="heading" data-v-a5bbad30>On this page</div><ul class="VPDocOutlineItem root" data-v-a5bbad30 data-v-b933a997><!--[--><!--]--></ul></div></nav><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-3f215769></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39a288b8><div class="content-container" data-v-39a288b8><!--[--><!--]--><main class="main" data-v-39a288b8><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _docs_tuning-reference_bottleneck-straggler" data-v-39a288b8><div><h1 id="bottleneck-straggler" tabindex="-1">Stragglers <a class="header-anchor" href="#bottleneck-straggler" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Stragglers {#bottleneck-straggler}&quot;">​</a></h1><p><span class="tag">STRAG</span></p><h2 id="what-it-is" tabindex="-1">What it is <a class="header-anchor" href="#what-it-is" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;What it is&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A straggler is one task (or a small handful of tasks) that runs far longer than the rest of the tasks in its stage, even when the stage is otherwise healthy. Because a stage only completes once its last task finishes, a single straggler holds up the whole stage, and every other executor sits idle waiting for it to catch up.</p><h2 id="how-it-s-detected" tabindex="-1">How it&#39;s detected <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-s-detected" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How it&#39;s detected&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A task counts as a straggler when speculative tasks fired for it, or when more than 5% of the tasks in a stage run at least 4× the stage&#39;s median task duration; this rule only applies once a stage has at least 10 tasks.</p><p>&quot;Duration&quot; here is <code>executorRunTime</code>: elapsed wall-clock time, not CPU time, and it already includes any time the task spent blocked fetching shuffle data<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1">[1]</a></sup>. That matters when tracking down why a task is slow: a long <code>executorRunTime</code> doesn&#39;t necessarily mean more compute happened. A <a href="./bottleneck-gc.html">garbage-collection pause</a> is counted inside it rather than added on top (<code>jvmGCTime</code> is a subset of <code>executorRunTime</code>, not additive<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:1">[1:1]</a></sup>), and a task waiting on a remote shuffle block it needs next shows up in <code>shuffleReadMetrics.fetchWaitTime</code>, which only counts genuine blocking time, not blocks being prefetched in the background<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:2">[1:2]</a></sup>.</p><p>The &quot;speculative tasks fired&quot; half of the rule is Spark&#39;s own detector: once <code>spark.speculation.quantile</code> (default <code>0.9</code>) of a stage&#39;s tasks finish, Spark compares each remaining task&#39;s duration against <code>spark.speculation.multiplier</code> (default <code>3</code>) times the median of the tasks that already finished, subject to a <code>spark.speculation.minTaskRuntime</code> floor (default <code>100ms</code>) so short tasks aren&#39;t flagged just for being slower than a tiny median<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2">[2]</a></sup>. Speculation itself is off by default (<code>spark.speculation</code> defaults to <code>false</code>), so this half of the rule only fires on stages where it&#39;s been turned on<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:1">[2:1]</a></sup>.</p><p>Watch for overlap with <a href="./bottleneck-skew.html">task skew</a>: an unevenly distributed key sends one partition far more data than its peers, and that partition&#39;s task will trip this same duration threshold even though the underlying cause is data volume, not a slow host or a GC pause. Check the skew signals before assuming the latter.</p><h2 id="why-it-matters" tabindex="-1">Why it matters <a class="header-anchor" href="#why-it-matters" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Why it matters&quot;">​</a></h2><p>A straggler wastes cluster capacity the same way a skewed stage does: every executor other than the one running the slow task finishes early and idles, while total job time still tracks the single slowest task. Because a straggler&#39;s duration can be inflated by a GC pause<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:3">[1:3]</a></sup> or a slow <a href="./shuffle.html">shuffle</a> fetch<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn1" id="fnref1:4">[1:4]</a></sup> rather than genuinely more work, it&#39;s worth checking those angles (and whether the real cause is skew rather than anything task-local) before assuming a hardware explanation.</p><h2 id="how-to-fix-it" tabindex="-1">How to fix it <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-fix-it" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How to fix it&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>Enable speculative execution: <code>spark.speculation</code> is <code>false</code> by default, so nothing reruns a slow task automatically until it&#39;s turned on<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:2">[2:2]</a></sup>.</li><li>Tune the trigger: <code>spark.speculation.quantile</code> (default <code>0.9</code>) sets how much of the stage must finish before speculation kicks in, and <code>spark.speculation.multiplier</code> (default <code>3</code>) sets how many times slower than the median a task must be. For stages with very few tasks, <code>spark.speculation.task.duration.threshold</code> (available since 3.0.0) gives an absolute-duration trigger instead of relying on the median<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:3">[2:3]</a></sup>.</li><li>Since Spark 3.4, <code>spark.speculation.efficiency.enabled</code> (default <code>true</code>) adds a filter so a task is only speculated if its data-process rate is below the stage average (times <code>spark.speculation.efficiency.processRateMultiplier</code>, default <code>0.75</code>) or its duration exceeds <code>spark.speculation.efficiency.longRunTaskFactor</code> (default <code>2</code>) times the same time threshold. This avoids wasting a duplicate task slot on work that&#39;s simply doing more, not running slower<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:4">[2:4]</a></sup>.</li><li>If the cause is really a skewed key, treat it as <a href="./bottleneck-skew.html">task skew</a> instead: AQE&#39;s skew-join optimization automatically splits a partition once it&#39;s larger than <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.skewedPartitionFactor</code> (default <code>5.0</code>) times the median partition size and above <code>spark.sql.adaptive.skewJoin.skewedPartitionThresholdInBytes</code> (default <code>256 MB</code>)<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn2" id="fnref2:5">[2:5]</a></sup><sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn3" id="fnref3">[3]</a></sup>. Manual salting (appending a random prefix to the skewed key so it spreads across more partitions) is the pre-AQE fallback, though the design doc behind AQE&#39;s skew handling calls salting and other manual approaches limited compared to the automatic option<sup class="footnote-ref"><a href="#fn4" id="fnref4">[4]</a></sup>.</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>PySpark:</strong> speculation settings can be set on the session directly, no <code>spark-submit</code> flag needed: <code>spark.conf.set(&quot;spark.speculation&quot;, &quot;true&quot;)</code>, then the quantile/multiplier equivalents the same way.</p></blockquote><p>Speculation config: defaults shown, plus the absolute-duration trigger for small stages:</p><div class="language-properties vp-adaptive-theme"><button title="Copy Code" class="copy"></button><span class="lang">properties</span><pre class="shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark vp-code" tabindex="0"><code><span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># Speculatively relaunch straggler tasks (OFF by default)</span></span>
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  <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.speculation</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=true</span></span>
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  <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.speculation.quantile</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=0.9 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># default; portion of tasks finished before speculation begins</span></span>
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  <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.speculation.multiplier</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=3 </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># default; multiple of median duration that marks a task slow</span></span>
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  <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># Absolute-duration trigger for stages with very few tasks (since Spark 3.0)</span></span>
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  <span class="line"><span style="--shiki-light:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583;">spark.speculation.task.duration.threshold</span><span style="--shiki-light:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;">=10s </span><span style="--shiki-light:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;"># 10s is an example</span></span></code></pre></div><h2 id="confidence" tabindex="-1">Confidence <a class="header-anchor" href="#confidence" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Confidence&quot;">​</a></h2><p>Validated.</p><h2 id="limitations-false-positive-risk" tabindex="-1">Limitations / false-positive risk <a class="header-anchor" href="#limitations-false-positive-risk" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Limitations / false-positive risk&quot;">​</a></h2><p>The 4x-median rule flags a slow task, but slow is not the same as broken. The same threshold trips on a skewed key that simply has more data to process, or on a task that spent its time in a GC pause rather than doing extra work, so a flagged task is not automatically a slow host. Small stages make this worse: with only a handful of tasks the median is unstable, and one moderately slow task can look like a straggler against a median computed from too few peers.</p><h2 id="bottleneck-speculation-waste" tabindex="-1">Speculation waste <a class="header-anchor" href="#bottleneck-speculation-waste" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Speculation waste {#bottleneck-speculation-waste}&quot;">​</a></h2><p><span class="tag">SPEC</span></p><p>A straggler is reported by whichever signal, straggler share or speculative-task count, best explains it. Speculation waste is a separate, narrower signal: the executor time speculative attempts burned without confirming a genuine straggler, whether the speculative copy lost the race to the original attempt or the other way around. Either way, the losing attempt&#39;s executor time is pure waste.</p><h3 id="how-it-s-detected-1" tabindex="-1">How it&#39;s detected <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-it-s-detected-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How it&#39;s detected&quot;">​</a></h3><table tabindex="0"><thead><tr><th>Signal</th><th>Fires when</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Wasted speculative attempts in a stage</td><td>≥ 5</td></tr><tr><td>Wasted executor time from those attempts</td><td>≥ 60 seconds</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Both conditions have to hold together. Severity tracks the estimated recoverable time as a share of the app&#39;s total runtime, the same model used across this page: ≥2% is critical, ≥0.5% is warning, anything smaller is info.</p><h3 id="why-it-matters-1" tabindex="-1">Why it matters <a class="header-anchor" href="#why-it-matters-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Why it matters&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Every wasted speculative attempt occupies an executor slot that could have run other work, so a stage generating a lot of speculative waste is trading cluster capacity for copies that never pay off.</p><h3 id="how-to-fix-it-1" tabindex="-1">How to fix it <a class="header-anchor" href="#how-to-fix-it-1" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;How to fix it&quot;">​</a></h3><p>If task durations are naturally variable rather than genuine stragglers, speculation is firing too eagerly: tune <code>spark.speculation.multiplier</code> (require a bigger gap from the median before speculating) or <code>spark.speculation.quantile</code> (wait for more of the stage to finish first) so fewer ordinary slow tasks get speculated in the first place.</p><h2 id="related" tabindex="-1">Related <a class="header-anchor" href="#related" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Related&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li><strong>When the real cause is a skewed key:</strong> <a href="./partitioning.html">Partitioning</a>, <a href="./aqe.html">Adaptive Query Execution</a></li></ul><hr class="footnotes-sep"><section class="footnotes"><ol class="footnotes-list"><li id="fn1" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/monitoring.html#spark-history-server" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Monitoring and Instrumentation</a> <a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref1:4" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn2" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/configuration.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Configuration (Spark)</a> <a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref2:1" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref2:2" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref2:3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref2:4" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a> <a href="#fnref2:5" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn3" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-performance-tuning.html#optimizing-skew-join" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Optimizing Skew Join (Spark SQL, DataFrames and Datasets Guide)</a> <a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li><li id="fn4" class="footnote-item"><p><a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-29544" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">SPARK-29544: Optimize Skewed Join at Runtime with New Adaptive Execution</a> <a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-backref">↩︎</a></p></li></ol></section></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39a288b8 data-v-e257564d><!--[--><!--]--><!----><nav class="prev-next" aria-labelledby="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-footer-aria-label" data-v-e257564d>Pager</span><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link prev" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-failures.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Task Failures</span><!--]--></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-e257564d><a class="VPLink link pager-link next" href="/docs/tuning-reference/bottleneck-retry-waste.html" data-v-e257564d><!--[--><span class="desc" data-v-e257564d>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-e257564d>Retry Waste</span><!--]--></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><!----><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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