rocksdb-native 2.6.3 → 2.6.4

package/vendor/librocksdb/vendor/rocksdb/db/compaction/compaction_job.cc

@@ -1,2155 +0,0 @@
-//  Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc.  All rights reserved.
-//  This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
-//  COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
-//  (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
-//
-// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
-// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
-
-#include "db/compaction/compaction_job.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cinttypes>
-#include <memory>
-#include <optional>
-#include <set>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "db/blob/blob_counting_iterator.h"
-#include "db/blob/blob_file_addition.h"
-#include "db/blob/blob_file_builder.h"
-#include "db/builder.h"
-#include "db/compaction/clipping_iterator.h"
-#include "db/compaction/compaction_state.h"
-#include "db/db_impl/db_impl.h"
-#include "db/dbformat.h"
-#include "db/error_handler.h"
-#include "db/event_helpers.h"
-#include "db/history_trimming_iterator.h"
-#include "db/log_writer.h"
-#include "db/merge_helper.h"
-#include "db/range_del_aggregator.h"
-#include "db/version_edit.h"
-#include "db/version_set.h"
-#include "file/filename.h"
-#include "file/read_write_util.h"
-#include "file/sst_file_manager_impl.h"
-#include "file/writable_file_writer.h"
-#include "logging/log_buffer.h"
-#include "logging/logging.h"
-#include "monitoring/iostats_context_imp.h"
-#include "monitoring/thread_status_util.h"
-#include "options/configurable_helper.h"
-#include "options/options_helper.h"
-#include "port/port.h"
-#include "rocksdb/db.h"
-#include "rocksdb/env.h"
-#include "rocksdb/options.h"
-#include "rocksdb/statistics.h"
-#include "rocksdb/status.h"
-#include "rocksdb/table.h"
-#include "rocksdb/utilities/options_type.h"
-#include "table/merging_iterator.h"
-#include "table/table_builder.h"
-#include "table/unique_id_impl.h"
-#include "test_util/sync_point.h"
-#include "util/stop_watch.h"
-
-namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE {
-
-const char* GetCompactionReasonString(CompactionReason compaction_reason) {
-  switch (compaction_reason) {
-    case CompactionReason::kUnknown:
-      return "Unknown";
-    case CompactionReason::kLevelL0FilesNum:
-      return "LevelL0FilesNum";
-    case CompactionReason::kLevelMaxLevelSize:
-      return "LevelMaxLevelSize";
-    case CompactionReason::kUniversalSizeAmplification:
-      return "UniversalSizeAmplification";
-    case CompactionReason::kUniversalSizeRatio:
-      return "UniversalSizeRatio";
-    case CompactionReason::kUniversalSortedRunNum:
-      return "UniversalSortedRunNum";
-    case CompactionReason::kFIFOMaxSize:
-      return "FIFOMaxSize";
-    case CompactionReason::kFIFOReduceNumFiles:
-      return "FIFOReduceNumFiles";
-    case CompactionReason::kFIFOTtl:
-      return "FIFOTtl";
-    case CompactionReason::kManualCompaction:
-      return "ManualCompaction";
-    case CompactionReason::kFilesMarkedForCompaction:
-      return "FilesMarkedForCompaction";
-    case CompactionReason::kBottommostFiles:
-      return "BottommostFiles";
-    case CompactionReason::kTtl:
-      return "Ttl";
-    case CompactionReason::kFlush:
-      return "Flush";
-    case CompactionReason::kExternalSstIngestion:
-      return "ExternalSstIngestion";
-    case CompactionReason::kPeriodicCompaction:
-      return "PeriodicCompaction";
-    case CompactionReason::kChangeTemperature:
-      return "ChangeTemperature";
-    case CompactionReason::kForcedBlobGC:
-      return "ForcedBlobGC";
-    case CompactionReason::kRoundRobinTtl:
-      return "RoundRobinTtl";
-    case CompactionReason::kRefitLevel:
-      return "RefitLevel";
-    case CompactionReason::kNumOfReasons:
-      // fall through
-    default:
-      assert(false);
-      return "Invalid";
-  }
-}
-
-const char* GetCompactionPenultimateOutputRangeTypeString(
-    Compaction::PenultimateOutputRangeType range_type) {
-  switch (range_type) {
-    case Compaction::PenultimateOutputRangeType::kNotSupported:
-      return "NotSupported";
-    case Compaction::PenultimateOutputRangeType::kFullRange:
-      return "FullRange";
-    case Compaction::PenultimateOutputRangeType::kNonLastRange:
-      return "NonLastRange";
-    case Compaction::PenultimateOutputRangeType::kDisabled:
-      return "Disabled";
-    default:
-      assert(false);
-      return "Invalid";
-  }
-}
-
-CompactionJob::CompactionJob(
-    int job_id, Compaction* compaction, const ImmutableDBOptions& db_options,
-    const MutableDBOptions& mutable_db_options, const FileOptions& file_options,
-    VersionSet* versions, const std::atomic<bool>* shutting_down,
-    LogBuffer* log_buffer, FSDirectory* db_directory,
-    FSDirectory* output_directory, FSDirectory* blob_output_directory,
-    Statistics* stats, InstrumentedMutex* db_mutex,
-    ErrorHandler* db_error_handler,
-    std::vector<SequenceNumber> existing_snapshots,
-    SequenceNumber earliest_write_conflict_snapshot,
-    const SnapshotChecker* snapshot_checker, JobContext* job_context,
-    std::shared_ptr<Cache> table_cache, EventLogger* event_logger,
-    bool paranoid_file_checks, bool measure_io_stats, const std::string& dbname,
-    CompactionJobStats* compaction_job_stats, Env::Priority thread_pri,
-    const std::shared_ptr<IOTracer>& io_tracer,
-    const std::atomic<bool>& manual_compaction_canceled,
-    const std::string& db_id, const std::string& db_session_id,
-    std::string full_history_ts_low, std::string trim_ts,
-    BlobFileCompletionCallback* blob_callback, int* bg_compaction_scheduled,
-    int* bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled)
-    : compact_(new CompactionState(compaction)),
-      compaction_stats_(compaction->compaction_reason(), 1),
-      db_options_(db_options),
-      mutable_db_options_copy_(mutable_db_options),
-      log_buffer_(log_buffer),
-      output_directory_(output_directory),
-      stats_(stats),
-      bottommost_level_(false),
-      write_hint_(Env::WLTH_NOT_SET),
-      compaction_job_stats_(compaction_job_stats),
-      job_id_(job_id),
-      dbname_(dbname),
-      db_id_(db_id),
-      db_session_id_(db_session_id),
-      file_options_(file_options),
-      env_(db_options.env),
-      io_tracer_(io_tracer),
-      fs_(db_options.fs, io_tracer),
-      file_options_for_read_(
-          fs_->OptimizeForCompactionTableRead(file_options, db_options_)),
-      versions_(versions),
-      shutting_down_(shutting_down),
-      manual_compaction_canceled_(manual_compaction_canceled),
-      db_directory_(db_directory),
-      blob_output_directory_(blob_output_directory),
-      db_mutex_(db_mutex),
-      db_error_handler_(db_error_handler),
-      existing_snapshots_(std::move(existing_snapshots)),
-      earliest_snapshot_(existing_snapshots_.empty()
-                             ? kMaxSequenceNumber
-                             : existing_snapshots_.at(0)),
-      earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_(earliest_write_conflict_snapshot),
-      snapshot_checker_(snapshot_checker),
-      job_context_(job_context),
-      table_cache_(std::move(table_cache)),
-      event_logger_(event_logger),
-      paranoid_file_checks_(paranoid_file_checks),
-      measure_io_stats_(measure_io_stats),
-      thread_pri_(thread_pri),
-      full_history_ts_low_(std::move(full_history_ts_low)),
-      trim_ts_(std::move(trim_ts)),
-      blob_callback_(blob_callback),
-      extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_(0),
-      bg_compaction_scheduled_(bg_compaction_scheduled),
-      bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_(bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled) {
-  assert(compaction_job_stats_ != nullptr);
-  assert(log_buffer_ != nullptr);
-
-  const auto* cfd = compact_->compaction->column_family_data();
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetEnableTracking(db_options_.enable_thread_tracking);
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetColumnFamily(cfd);
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperation(ThreadStatus::OP_COMPACTION);
-  ReportStartedCompaction(compaction);
-}
-
-CompactionJob::~CompactionJob() {
-  assert(compact_ == nullptr);
-  ThreadStatusUtil::ResetThreadStatus();
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::ReportStartedCompaction(Compaction* compaction) {
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperationProperty(ThreadStatus::COMPACTION_JOB_ID,
-                                               job_id_);
-
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperationProperty(
-      ThreadStatus::COMPACTION_INPUT_OUTPUT_LEVEL,
-      (static_cast<uint64_t>(compact_->compaction->start_level()) << 32) +
-          compact_->compaction->output_level());
-
-  // In the current design, a CompactionJob is always created
-  // for non-trivial compaction.
-  assert(compaction->IsTrivialMove() == false ||
-         compaction->is_manual_compaction() == true);
-
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperationProperty(
-      ThreadStatus::COMPACTION_PROP_FLAGS,
-      compaction->is_manual_compaction() +
-          (compaction->deletion_compaction() << 1));
-
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperationProperty(
-      ThreadStatus::COMPACTION_TOTAL_INPUT_BYTES,
-      compaction->CalculateTotalInputSize());
-
-  IOSTATS_RESET(bytes_written);
-  IOSTATS_RESET(bytes_read);
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperationProperty(
-      ThreadStatus::COMPACTION_BYTES_WRITTEN, 0);
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperationProperty(
-      ThreadStatus::COMPACTION_BYTES_READ, 0);
-
-  // Set the thread operation after operation properties
-  // to ensure GetThreadList() can always show them all together.
-  ThreadStatusUtil::SetThreadOperation(ThreadStatus::OP_COMPACTION);
-
-  compaction_job_stats_->is_manual_compaction =
-      compaction->is_manual_compaction();
-  compaction_job_stats_->is_full_compaction = compaction->is_full_compaction();
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::Prepare() {
-  AutoThreadOperationStageUpdater stage_updater(
-      ThreadStatus::STAGE_COMPACTION_PREPARE);
-
-  // Generate file_levels_ for compaction before making Iterator
-  auto* c = compact_->compaction;
-  ColumnFamilyData* cfd = c->column_family_data();
-  assert(cfd != nullptr);
-  assert(cfd->current()->storage_info()->NumLevelFiles(
-             compact_->compaction->level()) > 0);
-
-  write_hint_ = cfd->CalculateSSTWriteHint(c->output_level());
-  bottommost_level_ = c->bottommost_level();
-
-  if (c->ShouldFormSubcompactions()) {
-    StopWatch sw(db_options_.clock, stats_, SUBCOMPACTION_SETUP_TIME);
-    GenSubcompactionBoundaries();
-  }
-  if (boundaries_.size() >= 1) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i <= boundaries_.size(); i++) {
-      compact_->sub_compact_states.emplace_back(
-          c, (i != 0) ? std::optional<Slice>(boundaries_[i - 1]) : std::nullopt,
-          (i != boundaries_.size()) ? std::optional<Slice>(boundaries_[i])
-                                    : std::nullopt,
-          static_cast<uint32_t>(i));
-      // assert to validate that boundaries don't have same user keys (without
-      // timestamp part).
-      assert(i == 0 || i == boundaries_.size() ||
-             cfd->user_comparator()->CompareWithoutTimestamp(
-                 boundaries_[i - 1], boundaries_[i]) < 0);
-    }
-    RecordInHistogram(stats_, NUM_SUBCOMPACTIONS_SCHEDULED,
-                      compact_->sub_compact_states.size());
-  } else {
-    compact_->sub_compact_states.emplace_back(c, std::nullopt, std::nullopt,
-                                              /*sub_job_id*/ 0);
-  }
-
-  // collect all seqno->time information from the input files which will be used
-  // to encode seqno->time to the output files.
-
-  uint64_t preserve_time_duration =
-      std::max(c->immutable_options()->preserve_internal_time_seconds,
-               c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds);
-
-  if (preserve_time_duration > 0) {
-    const ReadOptions read_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
-    // Setup seqno_to_time_mapping_ with relevant time range.
-    seqno_to_time_mapping_.SetMaxTimeSpan(preserve_time_duration);
-    for (const auto& each_level : *c->inputs()) {
-      for (const auto& fmd : each_level.files) {
-        std::shared_ptr<const TableProperties> tp;
-        Status s =
-            cfd->current()->GetTableProperties(read_options, &tp, fmd, nullptr);
-        if (s.ok()) {
-          s = seqno_to_time_mapping_.DecodeFrom(tp->seqno_to_time_mapping);
-        }
-        if (!s.ok()) {
-          ROCKS_LOG_WARN(
-              db_options_.info_log,
-              "Problem reading or processing seqno-to-time mapping: %s",
-              s.ToString().c_str());
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    int64_t _current_time = 0;
-    Status s = db_options_.clock->GetCurrentTime(&_current_time);
-    if (!s.ok()) {
-      ROCKS_LOG_WARN(db_options_.info_log,
-                     "Failed to get current time in compaction: Status: %s",
-                     s.ToString().c_str());
-      // preserve all time information
-      preserve_time_min_seqno_ = 0;
-      preclude_last_level_min_seqno_ = 0;
-      seqno_to_time_mapping_.Enforce();
-    } else {
-      seqno_to_time_mapping_.Enforce(_current_time);
-      seqno_to_time_mapping_.GetCurrentTieringCutoffSeqnos(
-          static_cast<uint64_t>(_current_time),
-          c->immutable_options()->preserve_internal_time_seconds,
-          c->immutable_options()->preclude_last_level_data_seconds,
-          &preserve_time_min_seqno_, &preclude_last_level_min_seqno_);
-    }
-    // For accuracy of the GetProximalSeqnoBeforeTime queries above, we only
-    // limit the capacity after them.
-    // Here If we set capacity to the per-SST limit, we could be throwing away
-    // fidelity when a compaction output file has a narrower seqno range than
-    // all the inputs. If we only limit capacity for each compaction output, we
-    // could be doing a lot of unnecessary recomputation in a large compaction
-    // (up to quadratic in number of files). Thus, we do soemthing in the
-    // middle: enforce a resonably large constant size limit substantially
-    // larger than kMaxSeqnoTimePairsPerSST.
-    seqno_to_time_mapping_.SetCapacity(kMaxSeqnoToTimeEntries);
-  }
-}
-
-uint64_t CompactionJob::GetSubcompactionsLimit() {
-  return extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_ +
-         std::max(
-             std::uint64_t(1),
-             static_cast<uint64_t>(compact_->compaction->max_subcompactions()));
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::AcquireSubcompactionResources(
-    int num_extra_required_subcompactions) {
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::AcquireSubcompactionResources:0");
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::AcquireSubcompactionResources:1");
-  int max_db_compactions =
-      DBImpl::GetBGJobLimits(
-          mutable_db_options_copy_.max_background_flushes,
-          mutable_db_options_copy_.max_background_compactions,
-          mutable_db_options_copy_.max_background_jobs,
-          versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()
-              ->write_controller()
-              ->NeedSpeedupCompaction())
-          .max_compactions;
-  InstrumentedMutexLock l(db_mutex_);
-  // Apply min function first since We need to compute the extra subcompaction
-  // against compaction limits. And then try to reserve threads for extra
-  // subcompactions. The actual number of reserved threads could be less than
-  // the desired number.
-  int available_bg_compactions_against_db_limit =
-      std::max(max_db_compactions - *bg_compaction_scheduled_ -
-                   *bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_,
-               0);
-  // Reservation only supports backgrdoun threads of which the priority is
-  // between BOTTOM and HIGH. Need to degrade the priority to HIGH if the
-  // origin thread_pri_ is higher than that. Similar to ReleaseThreads().
-  extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_ =
-      env_->ReserveThreads(std::min(num_extra_required_subcompactions,
-                                    available_bg_compactions_against_db_limit),
-                           std::min(thread_pri_, Env::Priority::HIGH));
-
-  // Update bg_compaction_scheduled_ or bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_
-  // depending on if this compaction has the bottommost priority
-  if (thread_pri_ == Env::Priority::BOTTOM) {
-    *bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_ +=
-        extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_;
-  } else {
-    *bg_compaction_scheduled_ += extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_;
-  }
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::ShrinkSubcompactionResources(uint64_t num_extra_resources) {
-  // Do nothing when we have zero resources to shrink
-  if (num_extra_resources == 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-  db_mutex_->Lock();
-  // We cannot release threads more than what we reserved before
-  int extra_num_subcompaction_threads_released = env_->ReleaseThreads(
-      (int)num_extra_resources, std::min(thread_pri_, Env::Priority::HIGH));
-  // Update the number of reserved threads and the number of background
-  // scheduled compactions for this compaction job
-  extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_ -=
-      extra_num_subcompaction_threads_released;
-  // TODO (zichen): design a test case with new subcompaction partitioning
-  // when the number of actual partitions is less than the number of planned
-  // partitions
-  assert(extra_num_subcompaction_threads_released == (int)num_extra_resources);
-  // Update bg_compaction_scheduled_ or bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_
-  // depending on if this compaction has the bottommost priority
-  if (thread_pri_ == Env::Priority::BOTTOM) {
-    *bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_ -=
-        extra_num_subcompaction_threads_released;
-  } else {
-    *bg_compaction_scheduled_ -= extra_num_subcompaction_threads_released;
-  }
-  db_mutex_->Unlock();
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::ShrinkSubcompactionResources:0");
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::ReleaseSubcompactionResources() {
-  if (extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_ == 0) {
-    return;
-  }
-  {
-    InstrumentedMutexLock l(db_mutex_);
-    // The number of reserved threads becomes larger than 0 only if the
-    // compaction prioity is round robin and there is no sufficient
-    // sub-compactions available
-
-    // The scheduled compaction must be no less than 1 + extra number
-    // subcompactions using acquired resources since this compaction job has not
-    // finished yet
-    assert(*bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_ >=
-               1 + extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_ ||
-           *bg_compaction_scheduled_ >=
-               1 + extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_);
-  }
-  ShrinkSubcompactionResources(extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_);
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::GenSubcompactionBoundaries() {
-  // The goal is to find some boundary keys so that we can evenly partition
-  // the compaction input data into max_subcompactions ranges.
-  // For every input file, we ask TableReader to estimate 128 anchor points
-  // that evenly partition the input file into 128 ranges and the range
-  // sizes. This can be calculated by scanning index blocks of the file.
-  // Once we have the anchor points for all the input files, we merge them
-  // together and try to find keys dividing ranges evenly.
-  // For example, if we have two input files, and each returns following
-  // ranges:
-  //   File1: (a1, 1000), (b1, 1200), (c1, 1100)
-  //   File2: (a2, 1100), (b2, 1000), (c2, 1000)
-  // We total sort the keys to following:
-  //  (a1, 1000), (a2, 1100), (b1, 1200), (b2, 1000), (c1, 1100), (c2, 1000)
-  // We calculate the total size by adding up all ranges' size, which is 6400.
-  // If we would like to partition into 2 subcompactions, the target of the
-  // range size is 3200. Based on the size, we take "b1" as the partition key
-  // since the first three ranges would hit 3200.
-  //
-  // Note that the ranges are actually overlapping. For example, in the example
-  // above, the range ending with "b1" is overlapping with the range ending with
-  // "b2". So the size 1000+1100+1200 is an underestimation of data size up to
-  // "b1". In extreme cases where we only compact N L0 files, a range can
-  // overlap with N-1 other ranges. Since we requested a relatively large number
-  // (128) of ranges from each input files, even N range overlapping would
-  // cause relatively small inaccuracy.
-  ReadOptions read_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
-  read_options.rate_limiter_priority = GetRateLimiterPriority();
-  auto* c = compact_->compaction;
-  if (c->immutable_options()->table_factory->Name() ==
-      TableFactory::kPlainTableName()) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (c->max_subcompactions() <= 1 &&
-      !(c->immutable_options()->compaction_pri == kRoundRobin &&
-        c->immutable_options()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleLevel)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  auto* cfd = c->column_family_data();
-  const Comparator* cfd_comparator = cfd->user_comparator();
-  const InternalKeyComparator& icomp = cfd->internal_comparator();
-
-  auto* v = compact_->compaction->input_version();
-  int base_level = v->storage_info()->base_level();
-  InstrumentedMutexUnlock unlock_guard(db_mutex_);
-
-  uint64_t total_size = 0;
-  std::vector<TableReader::Anchor> all_anchors;
-  int start_lvl = c->start_level();
-  int out_lvl = c->output_level();
-
-  for (size_t lvl_idx = 0; lvl_idx < c->num_input_levels(); lvl_idx++) {
-    int lvl = c->level(lvl_idx);
-    if (lvl >= start_lvl && lvl <= out_lvl) {
-      const LevelFilesBrief* flevel = c->input_levels(lvl_idx);
-      size_t num_files = flevel->num_files;
-
-      if (num_files == 0) {
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < num_files; i++) {
-        FileMetaData* f = flevel->files[i].file_metadata;
-        std::vector<TableReader::Anchor> my_anchors;
-        Status s = cfd->table_cache()->ApproximateKeyAnchors(
-            read_options, icomp, *f,
-            c->mutable_cf_options()->block_protection_bytes_per_key,
-            my_anchors);
-        if (!s.ok() || my_anchors.empty()) {
-          my_anchors.emplace_back(f->largest.user_key(), f->fd.GetFileSize());
-        }
-        for (auto& ac : my_anchors) {
-          // Can be optimize to avoid this loop.
-          total_size += ac.range_size;
-        }
-
-        all_anchors.insert(all_anchors.end(), my_anchors.begin(),
-                           my_anchors.end());
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  // Here we total sort all the anchor points across all files and go through
-  // them in the sorted order to find partitioning boundaries.
-  // Not the most efficient implementation. A much more efficient algorithm
-  // probably exists. But they are more complex. If performance turns out to
-  // be a problem, we can optimize.
-  std::sort(
-      all_anchors.begin(), all_anchors.end(),
-      [cfd_comparator](TableReader::Anchor& a, TableReader::Anchor& b) -> bool {
-        return cfd_comparator->CompareWithoutTimestamp(a.user_key, b.user_key) <
-               0;
-      });
-
-  // Remove duplicated entries from boundaries.
-  all_anchors.erase(
-      std::unique(all_anchors.begin(), all_anchors.end(),
-                  [cfd_comparator](TableReader::Anchor& a,
-                                   TableReader::Anchor& b) -> bool {
-                    return cfd_comparator->CompareWithoutTimestamp(
-                               a.user_key, b.user_key) == 0;
-                  }),
-      all_anchors.end());
-
-  // Get the number of planned subcompactions, may update reserve threads
-  // and update extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_ for round-robin
-  uint64_t num_planned_subcompactions;
-  if (c->immutable_options()->compaction_pri == kRoundRobin &&
-      c->immutable_options()->compaction_style == kCompactionStyleLevel) {
-    // For round-robin compaction prioity, we need to employ more
-    // subcompactions (may exceed the max_subcompaction limit). The extra
-    // subcompactions will be executed using reserved threads and taken into
-    // account bg_compaction_scheduled or bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled.
-
-    // Initialized by the number of input files
-    num_planned_subcompactions = static_cast<uint64_t>(c->num_input_files(0));
-    uint64_t max_subcompactions_limit = GetSubcompactionsLimit();
-    if (max_subcompactions_limit < num_planned_subcompactions) {
-      // Assert two pointers are not empty so that we can use extra
-      // subcompactions against db compaction limits
-      assert(bg_bottom_compaction_scheduled_ != nullptr);
-      assert(bg_compaction_scheduled_ != nullptr);
-      // Reserve resources when max_subcompaction is not sufficient
-      AcquireSubcompactionResources(
-          (int)(num_planned_subcompactions - max_subcompactions_limit));
-      // Subcompactions limit changes after acquiring additional resources.
-      // Need to call GetSubcompactionsLimit() again to update the number
-      // of planned subcompactions
-      num_planned_subcompactions =
-          std::min(num_planned_subcompactions, GetSubcompactionsLimit());
-    } else {
-      num_planned_subcompactions = max_subcompactions_limit;
-    }
-  } else {
-    num_planned_subcompactions = GetSubcompactionsLimit();
-  }
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("CompactionJob::GenSubcompactionBoundaries:0",
-                           &num_planned_subcompactions);
-  if (num_planned_subcompactions == 1) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Group the ranges into subcompactions
-  uint64_t target_range_size = std::max(
-      total_size / num_planned_subcompactions,
-      MaxFileSizeForLevel(
-          *(c->mutable_cf_options()), out_lvl,
-          c->immutable_options()->compaction_style, base_level,
-          c->immutable_options()->level_compaction_dynamic_level_bytes));
-
-  if (target_range_size >= total_size) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  uint64_t next_threshold = target_range_size;
-  uint64_t cumulative_size = 0;
-  uint64_t num_actual_subcompactions = 1U;
-  for (TableReader::Anchor& anchor : all_anchors) {
-    cumulative_size += anchor.range_size;
-    if (cumulative_size > next_threshold) {
-      next_threshold += target_range_size;
-      num_actual_subcompactions++;
-      boundaries_.push_back(anchor.user_key);
-    }
-    if (num_actual_subcompactions == num_planned_subcompactions) {
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("CompactionJob::GenSubcompactionBoundaries:1",
-                           &num_actual_subcompactions);
-  // Shrink extra subcompactions resources when extra resrouces are acquired
-  ShrinkSubcompactionResources(
-      std::min((int)(num_planned_subcompactions - num_actual_subcompactions),
-               extra_num_subcompaction_threads_reserved_));
-}
-
-Status CompactionJob::Run() {
-  AutoThreadOperationStageUpdater stage_updater(
-      ThreadStatus::STAGE_COMPACTION_RUN);
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::Run():Start");
-  log_buffer_->FlushBufferToLog();
-  LogCompaction();
-
-  const size_t num_threads = compact_->sub_compact_states.size();
-  assert(num_threads > 0);
-  const uint64_t start_micros = db_options_.clock->NowMicros();
-  compact_->compaction->GetOrInitInputTableProperties();
-
-  // Launch a thread for each of subcompactions 1...num_threads-1
-  std::vector<port::Thread> thread_pool;
-  thread_pool.reserve(num_threads - 1);
-  for (size_t i = 1; i < compact_->sub_compact_states.size(); i++) {
-    thread_pool.emplace_back(&CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompaction, this,
-                             &compact_->sub_compact_states[i]);
-  }
-
-  // Always schedule the first subcompaction (whether or not there are also
-  // others) in the current thread to be efficient with resources
-  ProcessKeyValueCompaction(compact_->sub_compact_states.data());
-
-  // Wait for all other threads (if there are any) to finish execution
-  for (auto& thread : thread_pool) {
-    thread.join();
-  }
-
-  compaction_stats_.SetMicros(db_options_.clock->NowMicros() - start_micros);
-
-  for (auto& state : compact_->sub_compact_states) {
-    compaction_stats_.AddCpuMicros(state.compaction_job_stats.cpu_micros);
-    state.RemoveLastEmptyOutput();
-  }
-
-  RecordTimeToHistogram(stats_, COMPACTION_TIME,
-                        compaction_stats_.stats.micros);
-  RecordTimeToHistogram(stats_, COMPACTION_CPU_TIME,
-                        compaction_stats_.stats.cpu_micros);
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::Run:BeforeVerify");
-
-  // Check if any thread encountered an error during execution
-  Status status;
-  IOStatus io_s;
-  bool wrote_new_blob_files = false;
-
-  for (const auto& state : compact_->sub_compact_states) {
-    if (!state.status.ok()) {
-      status = state.status;
-      io_s = state.io_status;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    if (state.Current().HasBlobFileAdditions()) {
-      wrote_new_blob_files = true;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (io_status_.ok()) {
-    io_status_ = io_s;
-  }
-  if (status.ok()) {
-    constexpr IODebugContext* dbg = nullptr;
-
-    if (output_directory_) {
-      io_s = output_directory_->FsyncWithDirOptions(
-          IOOptions(), dbg,
-          DirFsyncOptions(DirFsyncOptions::FsyncReason::kNewFileSynced));
-    }
-
-    if (io_s.ok() && wrote_new_blob_files && blob_output_directory_ &&
-        blob_output_directory_ != output_directory_) {
-      io_s = blob_output_directory_->FsyncWithDirOptions(
-          IOOptions(), dbg,
-          DirFsyncOptions(DirFsyncOptions::FsyncReason::kNewFileSynced));
-    }
-  }
-  if (io_status_.ok()) {
-    io_status_ = io_s;
-  }
-  if (status.ok()) {
-    status = io_s;
-  }
-  if (status.ok()) {
-    thread_pool.clear();
-    std::vector<const CompactionOutputs::Output*> files_output;
-    for (const auto& state : compact_->sub_compact_states) {
-      for (const auto& output : state.GetOutputs()) {
-        files_output.emplace_back(&output);
-      }
-    }
-    ColumnFamilyData* cfd = compact_->compaction->column_family_data();
-    auto& prefix_extractor =
-        compact_->compaction->mutable_cf_options()->prefix_extractor;
-    std::atomic<size_t> next_file_idx(0);
-    auto verify_table = [&](Status& output_status) {
-      while (true) {
-        size_t file_idx = next_file_idx.fetch_add(1);
-        if (file_idx >= files_output.size()) {
-          break;
-        }
-        // Verify that the table is usable
-        // We set for_compaction to false and don't
-        // OptimizeForCompactionTableRead here because this is a special case
-        // after we finish the table building No matter whether
-        // use_direct_io_for_flush_and_compaction is true, we will regard this
-        // verification as user reads since the goal is to cache it here for
-        // further user reads
-        ReadOptions verify_table_read_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
-        verify_table_read_options.rate_limiter_priority =
-            GetRateLimiterPriority();
-        InternalIterator* iter = cfd->table_cache()->NewIterator(
-            verify_table_read_options, file_options_,
-            cfd->internal_comparator(), files_output[file_idx]->meta,
-            /*range_del_agg=*/nullptr, prefix_extractor,
-            /*table_reader_ptr=*/nullptr,
-            cfd->internal_stats()->GetFileReadHist(
-                compact_->compaction->output_level()),
-            TableReaderCaller::kCompactionRefill, /*arena=*/nullptr,
-            /*skip_filters=*/false, compact_->compaction->output_level(),
-            MaxFileSizeForL0MetaPin(
-                *compact_->compaction->mutable_cf_options()),
-            /*smallest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
-            /*largest_compaction_key=*/nullptr,
-            /*allow_unprepared_value=*/false,
-            compact_->compaction->mutable_cf_options()
-                ->block_protection_bytes_per_key);
-        auto s = iter->status();
-
-        if (s.ok() && paranoid_file_checks_) {
-          OutputValidator validator(cfd->internal_comparator(),
-                                    /*_enable_hash=*/true);
-          for (iter->SeekToFirst(); iter->Valid(); iter->Next()) {
-            s = validator.Add(iter->key(), iter->value());
-            if (!s.ok()) {
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-          if (s.ok()) {
-            s = iter->status();
-          }
-          if (s.ok() &&
-              !validator.CompareValidator(files_output[file_idx]->validator)) {
-            s = Status::Corruption("Paranoid checksums do not match");
-          }
-        }
-
-        delete iter;
-
-        if (!s.ok()) {
-          output_status = s;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-    };
-    for (size_t i = 1; i < compact_->sub_compact_states.size(); i++) {
-      thread_pool.emplace_back(
-          verify_table, std::ref(compact_->sub_compact_states[i].status));
-    }
-    verify_table(compact_->sub_compact_states[0].status);
-    for (auto& thread : thread_pool) {
-      thread.join();
-    }
-
-    for (const auto& state : compact_->sub_compact_states) {
-      if (!state.status.ok()) {
-        status = state.status;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  ReleaseSubcompactionResources();
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::ReleaseSubcompactionResources:0");
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::ReleaseSubcompactionResources:1");
-
-  TablePropertiesCollection tp;
-  for (const auto& state : compact_->sub_compact_states) {
-    for (const auto& output : state.GetOutputs()) {
-      auto fn =
-          TableFileName(state.compaction->immutable_options()->cf_paths,
-                        output.meta.fd.GetNumber(), output.meta.fd.GetPathId());
-      compact_->compaction->SetOutputTableProperties(fn,
-                                                     output.table_properties);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Finish up all bookkeeping to unify the subcompaction results.
-  compact_->AggregateCompactionStats(compaction_stats_, *compaction_job_stats_);
-  uint64_t num_input_range_del = 0;
-  bool ok = UpdateCompactionStats(&num_input_range_del);
-  // (Sub)compactions returned ok, do sanity check on the number of input keys.
-  if (status.ok() && ok && compaction_job_stats_->has_num_input_records) {
-    size_t ts_sz = compact_->compaction->column_family_data()
-                       ->user_comparator()
-                       ->timestamp_size();
-    // When trim_ts_ is non-empty, CompactionIterator takes
-    // HistoryTrimmingIterator as input iterator and sees a trimmed view of
-    // input keys. So the number of keys it processed is not suitable for
-    // verification here.
-    // TODO: support verification when trim_ts_ is non-empty.
-    if (!(ts_sz > 0 && !trim_ts_.empty())) {
-      assert(compaction_stats_.stats.num_input_records > 0);
-      // TODO: verify the number of range deletion entries.
-      uint64_t expected =
-          compaction_stats_.stats.num_input_records - num_input_range_del;
-      uint64_t actual = compaction_job_stats_->num_input_records;
-      if (expected != actual) {
-        char scratch[2345];
-        compact_->compaction->Summary(scratch, sizeof(scratch));
-        std::string msg =
-            "Compaction number of input keys does not match "
-            "number of keys processed. Expected " +
-            std::to_string(expected) + " but processed " +
-            std::to_string(actual) + ". Compaction summary: " + scratch;
-        ROCKS_LOG_WARN(
-            db_options_.info_log, "[%s] [JOB %d] Compaction with status: %s",
-            compact_->compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(),
-            job_context_->job_id, msg.c_str());
-        if (db_options_.compaction_verify_record_count) {
-          status = Status::Corruption(msg);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  RecordCompactionIOStats();
-  LogFlush(db_options_.info_log);
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::Run():End");
-  compact_->status = status;
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("CompactionJob::Run():EndStatusSet", &status);
-  return status;
-}
-
-Status CompactionJob::Install(const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options,
-                              bool* compaction_released) {
-  assert(compact_);
-
-  AutoThreadOperationStageUpdater stage_updater(
-      ThreadStatus::STAGE_COMPACTION_INSTALL);
-  db_mutex_->AssertHeld();
-  Status status = compact_->status;
-
-  ColumnFamilyData* cfd = compact_->compaction->column_family_data();
-  assert(cfd);
-
-  int output_level = compact_->compaction->output_level();
-  cfd->internal_stats()->AddCompactionStats(output_level, thread_pri_,
-                                            compaction_stats_);
-
-  if (status.ok()) {
-    status = InstallCompactionResults(mutable_cf_options, compaction_released);
-  }
-  if (!versions_->io_status().ok()) {
-    io_status_ = versions_->io_status();
-  }
-
-  VersionStorageInfo::LevelSummaryStorage tmp;
-  auto vstorage = cfd->current()->storage_info();
-  const auto& stats = compaction_stats_.stats;
-
-  double read_write_amp = 0.0;
-  double write_amp = 0.0;
-  double bytes_read_per_sec = 0;
-  double bytes_written_per_sec = 0;
-
-  const uint64_t bytes_read_non_output_and_blob =
-      stats.bytes_read_non_output_levels + stats.bytes_read_blob;
-  const uint64_t bytes_read_all =
-      stats.bytes_read_output_level + bytes_read_non_output_and_blob;
-  const uint64_t bytes_written_all =
-      stats.bytes_written + stats.bytes_written_blob;
-
-  if (bytes_read_non_output_and_blob > 0) {
-    read_write_amp = (bytes_written_all + bytes_read_all) /
-                     static_cast<double>(bytes_read_non_output_and_blob);
-    write_amp =
-        bytes_written_all / static_cast<double>(bytes_read_non_output_and_blob);
-  }
-  if (stats.micros > 0) {
-    bytes_read_per_sec = bytes_read_all / static_cast<double>(stats.micros);
-    bytes_written_per_sec =
-        bytes_written_all / static_cast<double>(stats.micros);
-  }
-
-  const std::string& column_family_name = cfd->GetName();
-
-  constexpr double kMB = 1048576.0;
-
-  ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
-      log_buffer_,
-      "[%s] compacted to: %s, MB/sec: %.1f rd, %.1f wr, level %d, "
-      "files in(%d, %d) out(%d +%d blob) "
-      "MB in(%.1f, %.1f +%.1f blob) out(%.1f +%.1f blob), "
-      "read-write-amplify(%.1f) write-amplify(%.1f) %s, records in: %" PRIu64
-      ", records dropped: %" PRIu64 " output_compression: %s\n",
-      column_family_name.c_str(), vstorage->LevelSummary(&tmp),
-      bytes_read_per_sec, bytes_written_per_sec,
-      compact_->compaction->output_level(),
-      stats.num_input_files_in_non_output_levels,
-      stats.num_input_files_in_output_level, stats.num_output_files,
-      stats.num_output_files_blob, stats.bytes_read_non_output_levels / kMB,
-      stats.bytes_read_output_level / kMB, stats.bytes_read_blob / kMB,
-      stats.bytes_written / kMB, stats.bytes_written_blob / kMB, read_write_amp,
-      write_amp, status.ToString().c_str(), stats.num_input_records,
-      stats.num_dropped_records,
-      CompressionTypeToString(compact_->compaction->output_compression())
-          .c_str());
-
-  const auto& blob_files = vstorage->GetBlobFiles();
-  if (!blob_files.empty()) {
-    assert(blob_files.front());
-    assert(blob_files.back());
-
-    ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
-        log_buffer_,
-        "[%s] Blob file summary: head=%" PRIu64 ", tail=%" PRIu64 "\n",
-        column_family_name.c_str(), blob_files.front()->GetBlobFileNumber(),
-        blob_files.back()->GetBlobFileNumber());
-  }
-
-  if (compaction_stats_.has_penultimate_level_output) {
-    ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
-        log_buffer_,
-        "[%s] has Penultimate Level output: %" PRIu64
-        ", level %d, number of files: %" PRIu64 ", number of records: %" PRIu64,
-        column_family_name.c_str(),
-        compaction_stats_.penultimate_level_stats.bytes_written,
-        compact_->compaction->GetPenultimateLevel(),
-        compaction_stats_.penultimate_level_stats.num_output_files,
-        compaction_stats_.penultimate_level_stats.num_output_records);
-  }
-
-  UpdateCompactionJobStats(stats);
-
-  auto stream = event_logger_->LogToBuffer(log_buffer_, 8192);
-  stream << "job" << job_id_ << "event"
-         << "compaction_finished"
-         << "compaction_time_micros" << stats.micros
-         << "compaction_time_cpu_micros" << stats.cpu_micros << "output_level"
-         << compact_->compaction->output_level() << "num_output_files"
-         << stats.num_output_files << "total_output_size"
-         << stats.bytes_written;
-
-  if (stats.num_output_files_blob > 0) {
-    stream << "num_blob_output_files" << stats.num_output_files_blob
-           << "total_blob_output_size" << stats.bytes_written_blob;
-  }
-
-  stream << "num_input_records" << stats.num_input_records
-         << "num_output_records" << stats.num_output_records
-         << "num_subcompactions" << compact_->sub_compact_states.size()
-         << "output_compression"
-         << CompressionTypeToString(compact_->compaction->output_compression());
-
-  stream << "num_single_delete_mismatches"
-         << compaction_job_stats_->num_single_del_mismatch;
-  stream << "num_single_delete_fallthrough"
-         << compaction_job_stats_->num_single_del_fallthru;
-
-  if (measure_io_stats_) {
-    stream << "file_write_nanos" << compaction_job_stats_->file_write_nanos;
-    stream << "file_range_sync_nanos"
-           << compaction_job_stats_->file_range_sync_nanos;
-    stream << "file_fsync_nanos" << compaction_job_stats_->file_fsync_nanos;
-    stream << "file_prepare_write_nanos"
-           << compaction_job_stats_->file_prepare_write_nanos;
-  }
-
-  stream << "lsm_state";
-  stream.StartArray();
-  for (int level = 0; level < vstorage->num_levels(); ++level) {
-    stream << vstorage->NumLevelFiles(level);
-  }
-  stream.EndArray();
-
-  if (!blob_files.empty()) {
-    assert(blob_files.front());
-    stream << "blob_file_head" << blob_files.front()->GetBlobFileNumber();
-
-    assert(blob_files.back());
-    stream << "blob_file_tail" << blob_files.back()->GetBlobFileNumber();
-  }
-
-  if (compaction_stats_.has_penultimate_level_output) {
-    InternalStats::CompactionStats& pl_stats =
-        compaction_stats_.penultimate_level_stats;
-    stream << "penultimate_level_num_output_files" << pl_stats.num_output_files;
-    stream << "penultimate_level_bytes_written" << pl_stats.bytes_written;
-    stream << "penultimate_level_num_output_records"
-           << pl_stats.num_output_records;
-    stream << "penultimate_level_num_output_files_blob"
-           << pl_stats.num_output_files_blob;
-    stream << "penultimate_level_bytes_written_blob"
-           << pl_stats.bytes_written_blob;
-  }
-
-  CleanupCompaction();
-  return status;
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::NotifyOnSubcompactionBegin(
-    SubcompactionState* sub_compact) {
-  Compaction* c = compact_->compaction;
-
-  if (db_options_.listeners.empty()) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (shutting_down_->load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (c->is_manual_compaction() &&
-      manual_compaction_canceled_.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  sub_compact->notify_on_subcompaction_completion = true;
-
-  SubcompactionJobInfo info{};
-  sub_compact->BuildSubcompactionJobInfo(info);
-  info.job_id = static_cast<int>(job_id_);
-  info.thread_id = env_->GetThreadID();
-
-  for (const auto& listener : db_options_.listeners) {
-    listener->OnSubcompactionBegin(info);
-  }
-  info.status.PermitUncheckedError();
-
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::NotifyOnSubcompactionCompleted(
-    SubcompactionState* sub_compact) {
-
-  if (db_options_.listeners.empty()) {
-    return;
-  }
-  if (shutting_down_->load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (sub_compact->notify_on_subcompaction_completion == false) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  SubcompactionJobInfo info{};
-  sub_compact->BuildSubcompactionJobInfo(info);
-  info.job_id = static_cast<int>(job_id_);
-  info.thread_id = env_->GetThreadID();
-
-  for (const auto& listener : db_options_.listeners) {
-    listener->OnSubcompactionCompleted(info);
-  }
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompaction(SubcompactionState* sub_compact) {
-  assert(sub_compact);
-  assert(sub_compact->compaction);
-  if (db_options_.compaction_service) {
-    CompactionServiceJobStatus comp_status =
-        ProcessKeyValueCompactionWithCompactionService(sub_compact);
-    if (comp_status == CompactionServiceJobStatus::kSuccess ||
-        comp_status == CompactionServiceJobStatus::kFailure) {
-      return;
-    }
-    // fallback to local compaction
-    assert(comp_status == CompactionServiceJobStatus::kUseLocal);
-  }
-
-  uint64_t prev_cpu_micros = db_options_.clock->CPUMicros();
-
-  ColumnFamilyData* cfd = sub_compact->compaction->column_family_data();
-
-  // Create compaction filter and fail the compaction if
-  // IgnoreSnapshots() = false because it is not supported anymore
-  const CompactionFilter* compaction_filter =
-      cfd->ioptions()->compaction_filter;
-  std::unique_ptr<CompactionFilter> compaction_filter_from_factory = nullptr;
-  if (compaction_filter == nullptr) {
-    compaction_filter_from_factory =
-        sub_compact->compaction->CreateCompactionFilter();
-    compaction_filter = compaction_filter_from_factory.get();
-  }
-  if (compaction_filter != nullptr && !compaction_filter->IgnoreSnapshots()) {
-    sub_compact->status = Status::NotSupported(
-        "CompactionFilter::IgnoreSnapshots() = false is not supported "
-        "anymore.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  NotifyOnSubcompactionBegin(sub_compact);
-
-  auto range_del_agg = std::make_unique<CompactionRangeDelAggregator>(
-      &cfd->internal_comparator(), existing_snapshots_, &full_history_ts_low_,
-      &trim_ts_);
-
-  // TODO: since we already use C++17, should use
-  // std::optional<const Slice> instead.
-  const std::optional<Slice> start = sub_compact->start;
-  const std::optional<Slice> end = sub_compact->end;
-
-  std::optional<Slice> start_without_ts;
-  std::optional<Slice> end_without_ts;
-
-  ReadOptions read_options;
-  read_options.verify_checksums = true;
-  read_options.fill_cache = false;
-  read_options.rate_limiter_priority = GetRateLimiterPriority();
-  read_options.io_activity = Env::IOActivity::kCompaction;
-  // Compaction iterators shouldn't be confined to a single prefix.
-  // Compactions use Seek() for
-  // (a) concurrent compactions,
-  // (b) CompactionFilter::Decision::kRemoveAndSkipUntil.
-  read_options.total_order_seek = true;
-
-  const WriteOptions write_options(Env::IOPriority::IO_LOW,
-                                   Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
-
-  // Remove the timestamps from boundaries because boundaries created in
-  // GenSubcompactionBoundaries doesn't strip away the timestamp.
-  size_t ts_sz = cfd->user_comparator()->timestamp_size();
-  if (start.has_value()) {
-    read_options.iterate_lower_bound = &(*start);
-    if (ts_sz > 0) {
-      start_without_ts = StripTimestampFromUserKey(*start, ts_sz);
-      read_options.iterate_lower_bound = &(*start_without_ts);
-    }
-  }
-  if (end.has_value()) {
-    read_options.iterate_upper_bound = &(*end);
-    if (ts_sz > 0) {
-      end_without_ts = StripTimestampFromUserKey(*end, ts_sz);
-      read_options.iterate_upper_bound = &(*end_without_ts);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Although the v2 aggregator is what the level iterator(s) know about,
-  // the AddTombstones calls will be propagated down to the v1 aggregator.
-  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> raw_input(versions_->MakeInputIterator(
-      read_options, sub_compact->compaction, range_del_agg.get(),
-      file_options_for_read_, start, end));
-  InternalIterator* input = raw_input.get();
-
-  IterKey start_ikey;
-  IterKey end_ikey;
-  Slice start_slice;
-  Slice end_slice;
-  Slice start_user_key{};
-  Slice end_user_key{};
-
-  static constexpr char kMaxTs[] =
-      "\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff";
-  Slice ts_slice;
-  std::string max_ts;
-  if (ts_sz > 0) {
-    if (ts_sz <= strlen(kMaxTs)) {
-      ts_slice = Slice(kMaxTs, ts_sz);
-    } else {
-      max_ts = std::string(ts_sz, '\xff');
-      ts_slice = Slice(max_ts);
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (start.has_value()) {
-    start_ikey.SetInternalKey(*start, kMaxSequenceNumber, kValueTypeForSeek);
-    if (ts_sz > 0) {
-      start_ikey.UpdateInternalKey(kMaxSequenceNumber, kValueTypeForSeek,
-                                   &ts_slice);
-    }
-    start_slice = start_ikey.GetInternalKey();
-    start_user_key = start_ikey.GetUserKey();
-  }
-  if (end.has_value()) {
-    end_ikey.SetInternalKey(*end, kMaxSequenceNumber, kValueTypeForSeek);
-    if (ts_sz > 0) {
-      end_ikey.UpdateInternalKey(kMaxSequenceNumber, kValueTypeForSeek,
-                                 &ts_slice);
-    }
-    end_slice = end_ikey.GetInternalKey();
-    end_user_key = end_ikey.GetUserKey();
-  }
-
-  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> clip;
-  if (start.has_value() || end.has_value()) {
-    clip = std::make_unique<ClippingIterator>(
-        raw_input.get(), start.has_value() ? &start_slice : nullptr,
-        end.has_value() ? &end_slice : nullptr, &cfd->internal_comparator());
-    input = clip.get();
-  }
-
-  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> blob_counter;
-
-  if (sub_compact->compaction->DoesInputReferenceBlobFiles()) {
-    BlobGarbageMeter* meter = sub_compact->Current().CreateBlobGarbageMeter();
-    blob_counter = std::make_unique<BlobCountingIterator>(input, meter);
-    input = blob_counter.get();
-  }
-
-  std::unique_ptr<InternalIterator> trim_history_iter;
-  if (ts_sz > 0 && !trim_ts_.empty()) {
-    trim_history_iter = std::make_unique<HistoryTrimmingIterator>(
-        input, cfd->user_comparator(), trim_ts_);
-    input = trim_history_iter.get();
-  }
-
-  input->SeekToFirst();
-
-  AutoThreadOperationStageUpdater stage_updater(
-      ThreadStatus::STAGE_COMPACTION_PROCESS_KV);
-
-  // I/O measurement variables
-  PerfLevel prev_perf_level = PerfLevel::kEnableTime;
-  const uint64_t kRecordStatsEvery = 1000;
-  uint64_t prev_write_nanos = 0;
-  uint64_t prev_fsync_nanos = 0;
-  uint64_t prev_range_sync_nanos = 0;
-  uint64_t prev_prepare_write_nanos = 0;
-  uint64_t prev_cpu_write_nanos = 0;
-  uint64_t prev_cpu_read_nanos = 0;
-  if (measure_io_stats_) {
-    prev_perf_level = GetPerfLevel();
-    SetPerfLevel(PerfLevel::kEnableTimeAndCPUTimeExceptForMutex);
-    prev_write_nanos = IOSTATS(write_nanos);
-    prev_fsync_nanos = IOSTATS(fsync_nanos);
-    prev_range_sync_nanos = IOSTATS(range_sync_nanos);
-    prev_prepare_write_nanos = IOSTATS(prepare_write_nanos);
-    prev_cpu_write_nanos = IOSTATS(cpu_write_nanos);
-    prev_cpu_read_nanos = IOSTATS(cpu_read_nanos);
-  }
-
-  MergeHelper merge(
-      env_, cfd->user_comparator(), cfd->ioptions()->merge_operator.get(),
-      compaction_filter, db_options_.info_log.get(),
-      false /* internal key corruption is expected */,
-      existing_snapshots_.empty() ? 0 : existing_snapshots_.back(),
-      snapshot_checker_, compact_->compaction->level(), db_options_.stats);
-
-  const MutableCFOptions* mutable_cf_options =
-      sub_compact->compaction->mutable_cf_options();
-  assert(mutable_cf_options);
-
-  std::vector<std::string> blob_file_paths;
-
-  // TODO: BlobDB to support output_to_penultimate_level compaction, which needs
-  //  2 builders, so may need to move to `CompactionOutputs`
-  std::unique_ptr<BlobFileBuilder> blob_file_builder(
-      (mutable_cf_options->enable_blob_files &&
-       sub_compact->compaction->output_level() >=
-           mutable_cf_options->blob_file_starting_level)
-          ? new BlobFileBuilder(
-                versions_, fs_.get(),
-                sub_compact->compaction->immutable_options(),
-                mutable_cf_options, &file_options_, &write_options, db_id_,
-                db_session_id_, job_id_, cfd->GetID(), cfd->GetName(),
-                write_hint_, io_tracer_, blob_callback_,
-                BlobFileCreationReason::kCompaction, &blob_file_paths,
-                sub_compact->Current().GetBlobFileAdditionsPtr())
-          : nullptr);
-
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::Run():Inprogress");
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("CompactionJob::Run():PausingManualCompaction:1",
-                           static_cast<void*>(const_cast<std::atomic<bool>*>(
-                               &manual_compaction_canceled_)));
-
-  const std::string* const full_history_ts_low =
-      full_history_ts_low_.empty() ? nullptr : &full_history_ts_low_;
-  const SequenceNumber job_snapshot_seq =
-      job_context_ ? job_context_->GetJobSnapshotSequence()
-                   : kMaxSequenceNumber;
-
-  auto c_iter = std::make_unique<CompactionIterator>(
-      input, cfd->user_comparator(), &merge, versions_->LastSequence(),
-      &existing_snapshots_, earliest_snapshot_,
-      earliest_write_conflict_snapshot_, job_snapshot_seq, snapshot_checker_,
-      env_, ShouldReportDetailedTime(env_, stats_),
-      /*expect_valid_internal_key=*/true, range_del_agg.get(),
-      blob_file_builder.get(), db_options_.allow_data_in_errors,
-      db_options_.enforce_single_del_contracts, manual_compaction_canceled_,
-      sub_compact->compaction
-          ->DoesInputReferenceBlobFiles() /* must_count_input_entries */,
-      sub_compact->compaction, compaction_filter, shutting_down_,
-      db_options_.info_log, full_history_ts_low, preserve_time_min_seqno_,
-      preclude_last_level_min_seqno_);
-  c_iter->SeekToFirst();
-
-  // Assign range delete aggregator to the target output level, which makes sure
-  // it only output to single level
-  sub_compact->AssignRangeDelAggregator(std::move(range_del_agg));
-
-  const auto& c_iter_stats = c_iter->iter_stats();
-
-  // define the open and close functions for the compaction files, which will be
-  // used open/close output files when needed.
-  const CompactionFileOpenFunc open_file_func =
-      [this, sub_compact](CompactionOutputs& outputs) {
-        return this->OpenCompactionOutputFile(sub_compact, outputs);
-      };
-
-  const CompactionFileCloseFunc close_file_func =
-      [this, sub_compact, start_user_key, end_user_key](
-          CompactionOutputs& outputs, const Status& status,
-          const Slice& next_table_min_key) {
-        return this->FinishCompactionOutputFile(
-            status, sub_compact, outputs, next_table_min_key,
-            sub_compact->start.has_value() ? &start_user_key : nullptr,
-            sub_compact->end.has_value() ? &end_user_key : nullptr);
-      };
-
-  Status status;
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK(
-      "CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompaction()::Processing",
-      static_cast<void*>(const_cast<Compaction*>(sub_compact->compaction)));
-  uint64_t last_cpu_micros = prev_cpu_micros;
-  while (status.ok() && !cfd->IsDropped() && c_iter->Valid()) {
-    // Invariant: c_iter.status() is guaranteed to be OK if c_iter->Valid()
-    // returns true.
-    assert(!end.has_value() ||
-           cfd->user_comparator()->Compare(c_iter->user_key(), *end) < 0);
-
-    if (c_iter_stats.num_input_records % kRecordStatsEvery ==
-        kRecordStatsEvery - 1) {
-      RecordDroppedKeys(c_iter_stats, &sub_compact->compaction_job_stats);
-      c_iter->ResetRecordCounts();
-      RecordCompactionIOStats();
-
-      uint64_t cur_cpu_micros = db_options_.clock->CPUMicros();
-      assert(cur_cpu_micros >= last_cpu_micros);
-      RecordTick(stats_, COMPACTION_CPU_TOTAL_TIME,
-                 cur_cpu_micros - last_cpu_micros);
-      last_cpu_micros = cur_cpu_micros;
-    }
-
-    // Add current compaction_iterator key to target compaction output, if the
-    // output file needs to be close or open, it will call the `open_file_func`
-    // and `close_file_func`.
-    // TODO: it would be better to have the compaction file open/close moved
-    // into `CompactionOutputs` which has the output file information.
-    status = sub_compact->AddToOutput(*c_iter, open_file_func, close_file_func);
-    if (!status.ok()) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("CompactionJob::Run():PausingManualCompaction:2",
-                             static_cast<void*>(const_cast<std::atomic<bool>*>(
-                                 &manual_compaction_canceled_)));
-    c_iter->Next();
-    if (c_iter->status().IsManualCompactionPaused()) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-    bool stop = false;
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("CompactionJob::ProcessKeyValueCompaction()::stop",
-                             static_cast<void*>(&stop));
-    if (stop) {
-      break;
-    }
-#endif  // NDEBUG
-  }
-
-  // This number may not be accurate when CompactionIterator was created
-  // with `must_count_input_entries=false`.
-  assert(!sub_compact->compaction->DoesInputReferenceBlobFiles() ||
-         c_iter->HasNumInputEntryScanned());
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.has_num_input_records =
-      c_iter->HasNumInputEntryScanned();
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.num_input_records =
-      c_iter->NumInputEntryScanned();
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.num_blobs_read =
-      c_iter_stats.num_blobs_read;
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.total_blob_bytes_read =
-      c_iter_stats.total_blob_bytes_read;
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.num_input_deletion_records =
-      c_iter_stats.num_input_deletion_records;
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.num_corrupt_keys =
-      c_iter_stats.num_input_corrupt_records;
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.num_single_del_fallthru =
-      c_iter_stats.num_single_del_fallthru;
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.num_single_del_mismatch =
-      c_iter_stats.num_single_del_mismatch;
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.total_input_raw_key_bytes +=
-      c_iter_stats.total_input_raw_key_bytes;
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.total_input_raw_value_bytes +=
-      c_iter_stats.total_input_raw_value_bytes;
-
-  RecordTick(stats_, FILTER_OPERATION_TOTAL_TIME,
-             c_iter_stats.total_filter_time);
-
-  if (c_iter_stats.num_blobs_relocated > 0) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, BLOB_DB_GC_NUM_KEYS_RELOCATED,
-               c_iter_stats.num_blobs_relocated);
-  }
-  if (c_iter_stats.total_blob_bytes_relocated > 0) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, BLOB_DB_GC_BYTES_RELOCATED,
-               c_iter_stats.total_blob_bytes_relocated);
-  }
-
-  RecordDroppedKeys(c_iter_stats, &sub_compact->compaction_job_stats);
-  RecordCompactionIOStats();
-
-  if (status.ok() && cfd->IsDropped()) {
-    status =
-        Status::ColumnFamilyDropped("Column family dropped during compaction");
-  }
-  if ((status.ok() || status.IsColumnFamilyDropped()) &&
-      shutting_down_->load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
-    status = Status::ShutdownInProgress("Database shutdown");
-  }
-  if ((status.ok() || status.IsColumnFamilyDropped()) &&
-      (manual_compaction_canceled_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))) {
-    status = Status::Incomplete(Status::SubCode::kManualCompactionPaused);
-  }
-  if (status.ok()) {
-    status = input->status();
-  }
-  if (status.ok()) {
-    status = c_iter->status();
-  }
-
-  // Call FinishCompactionOutputFile() even if status is not ok: it needs to
-  // close the output files. Open file function is also passed, in case there's
-  // only range-dels, no file was opened, to save the range-dels, it need to
-  // create a new output file.
-  status = sub_compact->CloseCompactionFiles(status, open_file_func,
-                                             close_file_func);
-
-  if (blob_file_builder) {
-    if (status.ok()) {
-      status = blob_file_builder->Finish();
-    } else {
-      blob_file_builder->Abandon(status);
-    }
-    blob_file_builder.reset();
-    sub_compact->Current().UpdateBlobStats();
-  }
-
-  uint64_t cur_cpu_micros = db_options_.clock->CPUMicros();
-  sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.cpu_micros =
-      cur_cpu_micros - prev_cpu_micros;
-  RecordTick(stats_, COMPACTION_CPU_TOTAL_TIME,
-             cur_cpu_micros - last_cpu_micros);
-
-  if (measure_io_stats_) {
-    sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.file_write_nanos +=
-        IOSTATS(write_nanos) - prev_write_nanos;
-    sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.file_fsync_nanos +=
-        IOSTATS(fsync_nanos) - prev_fsync_nanos;
-    sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.file_range_sync_nanos +=
-        IOSTATS(range_sync_nanos) - prev_range_sync_nanos;
-    sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.file_prepare_write_nanos +=
-        IOSTATS(prepare_write_nanos) - prev_prepare_write_nanos;
-    sub_compact->compaction_job_stats.cpu_micros -=
-        (IOSTATS(cpu_write_nanos) - prev_cpu_write_nanos +
-         IOSTATS(cpu_read_nanos) - prev_cpu_read_nanos) /
-        1000;
-    if (prev_perf_level != PerfLevel::kEnableTimeAndCPUTimeExceptForMutex) {
-      SetPerfLevel(prev_perf_level);
-    }
-  }
-#ifdef ROCKSDB_ASSERT_STATUS_CHECKED
-  if (!status.ok()) {
-    if (c_iter) {
-      c_iter->status().PermitUncheckedError();
-    }
-    if (input) {
-      input->status().PermitUncheckedError();
-    }
-  }
-#endif  // ROCKSDB_ASSERT_STATUS_CHECKED
-
-  blob_counter.reset();
-  clip.reset();
-  raw_input.reset();
-  sub_compact->status = status;
-  NotifyOnSubcompactionCompleted(sub_compact);
-}
-
-uint64_t CompactionJob::GetCompactionId(SubcompactionState* sub_compact) const {
-  return (uint64_t)job_id_ << 32 | sub_compact->sub_job_id;
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::RecordDroppedKeys(
-    const CompactionIterationStats& c_iter_stats,
-    CompactionJobStats* compaction_job_stats) {
-  if (c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_user > 0) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACTION_KEY_DROP_USER,
-               c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_user);
-  }
-  if (c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_hidden > 0) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACTION_KEY_DROP_NEWER_ENTRY,
-               c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_hidden);
-    if (compaction_job_stats) {
-      compaction_job_stats->num_records_replaced +=
-          c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_hidden;
-    }
-  }
-  if (c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_obsolete > 0) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACTION_KEY_DROP_OBSOLETE,
-               c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_obsolete);
-    if (compaction_job_stats) {
-      compaction_job_stats->num_expired_deletion_records +=
-          c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_obsolete;
-    }
-  }
-  if (c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_range_del > 0) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACTION_KEY_DROP_RANGE_DEL,
-               c_iter_stats.num_record_drop_range_del);
-  }
-  if (c_iter_stats.num_range_del_drop_obsolete > 0) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACTION_RANGE_DEL_DROP_OBSOLETE,
-               c_iter_stats.num_range_del_drop_obsolete);
-  }
-  if (c_iter_stats.num_optimized_del_drop_obsolete > 0) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACTION_OPTIMIZED_DEL_DROP_OBSOLETE,
-               c_iter_stats.num_optimized_del_drop_obsolete);
-  }
-}
-
-Status CompactionJob::FinishCompactionOutputFile(
-    const Status& input_status, SubcompactionState* sub_compact,
-    CompactionOutputs& outputs, const Slice& next_table_min_key,
-    const Slice* comp_start_user_key, const Slice* comp_end_user_key) {
-  AutoThreadOperationStageUpdater stage_updater(
-      ThreadStatus::STAGE_COMPACTION_SYNC_FILE);
-  assert(sub_compact != nullptr);
-  assert(outputs.HasBuilder());
-
-  FileMetaData* meta = outputs.GetMetaData();
-  uint64_t output_number = meta->fd.GetNumber();
-  assert(output_number != 0);
-
-  ColumnFamilyData* cfd = sub_compact->compaction->column_family_data();
-  std::string file_checksum = kUnknownFileChecksum;
-  std::string file_checksum_func_name = kUnknownFileChecksumFuncName;
-
-  // Check for iterator errors
-  Status s = input_status;
-
-  // Add range tombstones
-  auto earliest_snapshot = kMaxSequenceNumber;
-  if (existing_snapshots_.size() > 0) {
-    earliest_snapshot = existing_snapshots_[0];
-  }
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    CompactionIterationStats range_del_out_stats;
-    // if the compaction supports per_key_placement, only output range dels to
-    // the penultimate level.
-    // Note: Use `bottommost_level_ = true` for both bottommost and
-    // output_to_penultimate_level compaction here, as it's only used to decide
-    // if range dels could be dropped.
-    if (outputs.HasRangeDel()) {
-      s = outputs.AddRangeDels(comp_start_user_key, comp_end_user_key,
-                               range_del_out_stats, bottommost_level_,
-                               cfd->internal_comparator(), earliest_snapshot,
-                               next_table_min_key, full_history_ts_low_);
-    }
-    RecordDroppedKeys(range_del_out_stats, &sub_compact->compaction_job_stats);
-    TEST_SYNC_POINT("CompactionJob::FinishCompactionOutputFile1");
-  }
-
-  const uint64_t current_entries = outputs.NumEntries();
-
-  s = outputs.Finish(s, seqno_to_time_mapping_);
-
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    // With accurate smallest and largest key, we can get a slightly more
-    // accurate oldest ancester time.
-    // This makes oldest ancester time in manifest more accurate than in
-    // table properties. Not sure how to resolve it.
-    if (meta->smallest.size() > 0 && meta->largest.size() > 0) {
-      uint64_t refined_oldest_ancester_time;
-      Slice new_smallest = meta->smallest.user_key();
-      Slice new_largest = meta->largest.user_key();
-      if (!new_largest.empty() && !new_smallest.empty()) {
-        refined_oldest_ancester_time =
-            sub_compact->compaction->MinInputFileOldestAncesterTime(
-                &(meta->smallest), &(meta->largest));
-        if (refined_oldest_ancester_time !=
-            std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()) {
-          meta->oldest_ancester_time = refined_oldest_ancester_time;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Finish and check for file errors
-  IOStatus io_s = outputs.WriterSyncClose(s, db_options_.clock, stats_,
-                                          db_options_.use_fsync);
-
-  if (s.ok() && io_s.ok()) {
-    file_checksum = meta->file_checksum;
-    file_checksum_func_name = meta->file_checksum_func_name;
-  }
-
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    s = io_s;
-  }
-  if (sub_compact->io_status.ok()) {
-    sub_compact->io_status = io_s;
-    // Since this error is really a copy of the
-    // "normal" status, it does not also need to be checked
-    sub_compact->io_status.PermitUncheckedError();
-  }
-
-  TableProperties tp;
-  if (s.ok()) {
-    tp = outputs.GetTableProperties();
-  }
-
-  if (s.ok() && current_entries == 0 && tp.num_range_deletions == 0) {
-    // If there is nothing to output, no necessary to generate a sst file.
-    // This happens when the output level is bottom level, at the same time
-    // the sub_compact output nothing.
-    std::string fname =
-        TableFileName(sub_compact->compaction->immutable_options()->cf_paths,
-                      meta->fd.GetNumber(), meta->fd.GetPathId());
-
-    // TODO(AR) it is not clear if there are any larger implications if
-    // DeleteFile fails here
-    Status ds = env_->DeleteFile(fname);
-    if (!ds.ok()) {
-      ROCKS_LOG_WARN(
-          db_options_.info_log,
-          "[%s] [JOB %d] Unable to remove SST file for table #%" PRIu64
-          " at bottom level%s",
-          cfd->GetName().c_str(), job_id_, output_number,
-          meta->marked_for_compaction ? " (need compaction)" : "");
-    }
-
-    // Also need to remove the file from outputs, or it will be added to the
-    // VersionEdit.
-    outputs.RemoveLastOutput();
-    meta = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  if (s.ok() && (current_entries > 0 || tp.num_range_deletions > 0)) {
-    // Output to event logger and fire events.
-    outputs.UpdateTableProperties();
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(db_options_.info_log,
-                   "[%s] [JOB %d] Generated table #%" PRIu64 ": %" PRIu64
-                   " keys, %" PRIu64 " bytes%s, temperature: %s",
-                   cfd->GetName().c_str(), job_id_, output_number,
-                   current_entries, meta->fd.file_size,
-                   meta->marked_for_compaction ? " (need compaction)" : "",
-                   temperature_to_string[meta->temperature].c_str());
-  }
-  std::string fname;
-  FileDescriptor output_fd;
-  uint64_t oldest_blob_file_number = kInvalidBlobFileNumber;
-  Status status_for_listener = s;
-  if (meta != nullptr) {
-    fname = GetTableFileName(meta->fd.GetNumber());
-    output_fd = meta->fd;
-    oldest_blob_file_number = meta->oldest_blob_file_number;
-  } else {
-    fname = "(nil)";
-    if (s.ok()) {
-      status_for_listener = Status::Aborted("Empty SST file not kept");
-    }
-  }
-  EventHelpers::LogAndNotifyTableFileCreationFinished(
-      event_logger_, cfd->ioptions()->listeners, dbname_, cfd->GetName(), fname,
-      job_id_, output_fd, oldest_blob_file_number, tp,
-      TableFileCreationReason::kCompaction, status_for_listener, file_checksum,
-      file_checksum_func_name);
-
-  // Report new file to SstFileManagerImpl
-  auto sfm =
-      static_cast<SstFileManagerImpl*>(db_options_.sst_file_manager.get());
-  if (sfm && meta != nullptr && meta->fd.GetPathId() == 0) {
-    Status add_s = sfm->OnAddFile(fname);
-    if (!add_s.ok() && s.ok()) {
-      s = add_s;
-    }
-    if (sfm->IsMaxAllowedSpaceReached()) {
-      // TODO(ajkr): should we return OK() if max space was reached by the final
-      // compaction output file (similarly to how flush works when full)?
-      s = Status::SpaceLimit("Max allowed space was reached");
-      TEST_SYNC_POINT(
-          "CompactionJob::FinishCompactionOutputFile:MaxAllowedSpaceReached");
-      InstrumentedMutexLock l(db_mutex_);
-      db_error_handler_->SetBGError(s, BackgroundErrorReason::kCompaction);
-    }
-  }
-
-  outputs.ResetBuilder();
-  return s;
-}
-
-Status CompactionJob::InstallCompactionResults(
-    const MutableCFOptions& mutable_cf_options, bool* compaction_released) {
-  assert(compact_);
-
-  db_mutex_->AssertHeld();
-
-  const ReadOptions read_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
-  const WriteOptions write_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
-
-  auto* compaction = compact_->compaction;
-  assert(compaction);
-
-  {
-    Compaction::InputLevelSummaryBuffer inputs_summary;
-    if (compaction_stats_.has_penultimate_level_output) {
-      ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(
-          log_buffer_,
-          "[%s] [JOB %d] Compacted %s => output_to_penultimate_level: %" PRIu64
-          " bytes + last: %" PRIu64 " bytes. Total: %" PRIu64 " bytes",
-          compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(), job_id_,
-          compaction->InputLevelSummary(&inputs_summary),
-          compaction_stats_.penultimate_level_stats.bytes_written,
-          compaction_stats_.stats.bytes_written,
-          compaction_stats_.TotalBytesWritten());
-    } else {
-      ROCKS_LOG_BUFFER(log_buffer_,
-                       "[%s] [JOB %d] Compacted %s => %" PRIu64 " bytes",
-                       compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(),
-                       job_id_, compaction->InputLevelSummary(&inputs_summary),
-                       compaction_stats_.TotalBytesWritten());
-    }
-  }
-
-  VersionEdit* const edit = compaction->edit();
-  assert(edit);
-
-  // Add compaction inputs
-  compaction->AddInputDeletions(edit);
-
-  std::unordered_map<uint64_t, BlobGarbageMeter::BlobStats> blob_total_garbage;
-
-  for (const auto& sub_compact : compact_->sub_compact_states) {
-    sub_compact.AddOutputsEdit(edit);
-
-    for (const auto& blob : sub_compact.Current().GetBlobFileAdditions()) {
-      edit->AddBlobFile(blob);
-    }
-
-    if (sub_compact.Current().GetBlobGarbageMeter()) {
-      const auto& flows = sub_compact.Current().GetBlobGarbageMeter()->flows();
-
-      for (const auto& pair : flows) {
-        const uint64_t blob_file_number = pair.first;
-        const BlobGarbageMeter::BlobInOutFlow& flow = pair.second;
-
-        assert(flow.IsValid());
-        if (flow.HasGarbage()) {
-          blob_total_garbage[blob_file_number].Add(flow.GetGarbageCount(),
-                                                   flow.GetGarbageBytes());
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  for (const auto& pair : blob_total_garbage) {
-    const uint64_t blob_file_number = pair.first;
-    const BlobGarbageMeter::BlobStats& stats = pair.second;
-
-    edit->AddBlobFileGarbage(blob_file_number, stats.GetCount(),
-                             stats.GetBytes());
-  }
-
-  if ((compaction->compaction_reason() ==
-           CompactionReason::kLevelMaxLevelSize ||
-       compaction->compaction_reason() == CompactionReason::kRoundRobinTtl) &&
-      compaction->immutable_options()->compaction_pri == kRoundRobin) {
-    int start_level = compaction->start_level();
-    if (start_level > 0) {
-      auto vstorage = compaction->input_version()->storage_info();
-      edit->AddCompactCursor(start_level,
-                             vstorage->GetNextCompactCursor(
-                                 start_level, compaction->num_input_files(0)));
-    }
-  }
-
-  auto manifest_wcb = [&compaction, &compaction_released](const Status& s) {
-    compaction->ReleaseCompactionFiles(s);
-    *compaction_released = true;
-  };
-
-  return versions_->LogAndApply(
-      compaction->column_family_data(), mutable_cf_options, read_options,
-      write_options, edit, db_mutex_, db_directory_,
-      /*new_descriptor_log=*/false,
-      /*column_family_options=*/nullptr, manifest_wcb);
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::RecordCompactionIOStats() {
-  RecordTick(stats_, COMPACT_READ_BYTES, IOSTATS(bytes_read));
-  RecordTick(stats_, COMPACT_WRITE_BYTES, IOSTATS(bytes_written));
-  CompactionReason compaction_reason =
-      compact_->compaction->compaction_reason();
-  if (compaction_reason == CompactionReason::kFilesMarkedForCompaction) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACT_READ_BYTES_MARKED, IOSTATS(bytes_read));
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACT_WRITE_BYTES_MARKED, IOSTATS(bytes_written));
-  } else if (compaction_reason == CompactionReason::kPeriodicCompaction) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACT_READ_BYTES_PERIODIC, IOSTATS(bytes_read));
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACT_WRITE_BYTES_PERIODIC, IOSTATS(bytes_written));
-  } else if (compaction_reason == CompactionReason::kTtl) {
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACT_READ_BYTES_TTL, IOSTATS(bytes_read));
-    RecordTick(stats_, COMPACT_WRITE_BYTES_TTL, IOSTATS(bytes_written));
-  }
-  ThreadStatusUtil::IncreaseThreadOperationProperty(
-      ThreadStatus::COMPACTION_BYTES_READ, IOSTATS(bytes_read));
-  IOSTATS_RESET(bytes_read);
-  ThreadStatusUtil::IncreaseThreadOperationProperty(
-      ThreadStatus::COMPACTION_BYTES_WRITTEN, IOSTATS(bytes_written));
-  IOSTATS_RESET(bytes_written);
-}
-
-Status CompactionJob::OpenCompactionOutputFile(SubcompactionState* sub_compact,
-                                               CompactionOutputs& outputs) {
-  assert(sub_compact != nullptr);
-
-  // no need to lock because VersionSet::next_file_number_ is atomic
-  uint64_t file_number = versions_->NewFileNumber();
-  std::string fname = GetTableFileName(file_number);
-  // Fire events.
-  ColumnFamilyData* cfd = sub_compact->compaction->column_family_data();
-  EventHelpers::NotifyTableFileCreationStarted(
-      cfd->ioptions()->listeners, dbname_, cfd->GetName(), fname, job_id_,
-      TableFileCreationReason::kCompaction);
-  // Make the output file
-  std::unique_ptr<FSWritableFile> writable_file;
-#ifndef NDEBUG
-  bool syncpoint_arg = file_options_.use_direct_writes;
-  TEST_SYNC_POINT_CALLBACK("CompactionJob::OpenCompactionOutputFile",
-                           &syncpoint_arg);
-#endif
-
-  // Pass temperature of the last level files to FileSystem.
-  FileOptions fo_copy = file_options_;
-  Temperature temperature = sub_compact->compaction->output_temperature();
-  Temperature last_level_temp =
-      sub_compact->compaction->mutable_cf_options()->last_level_temperature;
-  // Here last_level_temperature supersedes default_write_temperature, when
-  // enabled and applicable
-  if (last_level_temp != Temperature::kUnknown &&
-      sub_compact->compaction->is_last_level() &&
-      !sub_compact->IsCurrentPenultimateLevel()) {
-    temperature = last_level_temp;
-  }
-  fo_copy.temperature = temperature;
-
-  Status s;
-  IOStatus io_s = NewWritableFile(fs_.get(), fname, &writable_file, fo_copy);
-  s = io_s;
-  if (sub_compact->io_status.ok()) {
-    sub_compact->io_status = io_s;
-    // Since this error is really a copy of the io_s that is checked below as s,
-    // it does not also need to be checked.
-    sub_compact->io_status.PermitUncheckedError();
-  }
-  if (!s.ok()) {
-    ROCKS_LOG_ERROR(
-        db_options_.info_log,
-        "[%s] [JOB %d] OpenCompactionOutputFiles for table #%" PRIu64
-        " fails at NewWritableFile with status %s",
-        sub_compact->compaction->column_family_data()->GetName().c_str(),
-        job_id_, file_number, s.ToString().c_str());
-    LogFlush(db_options_.info_log);
-    EventHelpers::LogAndNotifyTableFileCreationFinished(
-        event_logger_, cfd->ioptions()->listeners, dbname_, cfd->GetName(),
-        fname, job_id_, FileDescriptor(), kInvalidBlobFileNumber,
-        TableProperties(), TableFileCreationReason::kCompaction, s,
-        kUnknownFileChecksum, kUnknownFileChecksumFuncName);
-    return s;
-  }
-
-  // Try to figure out the output file's oldest ancester time.
-  int64_t temp_current_time = 0;
-  auto get_time_status = db_options_.clock->GetCurrentTime(&temp_current_time);
-  // Safe to proceed even if GetCurrentTime fails. So, log and proceed.
-  if (!get_time_status.ok()) {
-    ROCKS_LOG_WARN(db_options_.info_log,
-                   "Failed to get current time. Status: %s",
-                   get_time_status.ToString().c_str());
-  }
-  uint64_t current_time = static_cast<uint64_t>(temp_current_time);
-  InternalKey tmp_start, tmp_end;
-  if (sub_compact->start.has_value()) {
-    tmp_start.SetMinPossibleForUserKey(*(sub_compact->start));
-  }
-  if (sub_compact->end.has_value()) {
-    tmp_end.SetMinPossibleForUserKey(*(sub_compact->end));
-  }
-  uint64_t oldest_ancester_time =
-      sub_compact->compaction->MinInputFileOldestAncesterTime(
-          sub_compact->start.has_value() ? &tmp_start : nullptr,
-          sub_compact->end.has_value() ? &tmp_end : nullptr);
-  if (oldest_ancester_time == std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()) {
-    // TODO: fix DBSSTTest.GetTotalSstFilesSize and use
-    //  kUnknownOldestAncesterTime
-    oldest_ancester_time = current_time;
-  }
-
-  // Initialize a SubcompactionState::Output and add it to sub_compact->outputs
-  uint64_t epoch_number = sub_compact->compaction->MinInputFileEpochNumber();
-  {
-    FileMetaData meta;
-    meta.fd = FileDescriptor(file_number,
-                             sub_compact->compaction->output_path_id(), 0);
-    meta.oldest_ancester_time = oldest_ancester_time;
-    meta.file_creation_time = current_time;
-    meta.epoch_number = epoch_number;
-    meta.temperature = temperature;
-    assert(!db_id_.empty());
-    assert(!db_session_id_.empty());
-    s = GetSstInternalUniqueId(db_id_, db_session_id_, meta.fd.GetNumber(),
-                               &meta.unique_id);
-    if (!s.ok()) {
-      ROCKS_LOG_ERROR(db_options_.info_log,
-                      "[%s] [JOB %d] file #%" PRIu64
-                      " failed to generate unique id: %s.",
-                      cfd->GetName().c_str(), job_id_, meta.fd.GetNumber(),
-                      s.ToString().c_str());
-      return s;
-    }
-
-    outputs.AddOutput(std::move(meta), cfd->internal_comparator(),
-                      paranoid_file_checks_);
-  }
-
-  writable_file->SetIOPriority(GetRateLimiterPriority());
-  writable_file->SetWriteLifeTimeHint(write_hint_);
-  FileTypeSet tmp_set = db_options_.checksum_handoff_file_types;
-  writable_file->SetPreallocationBlockSize(static_cast<size_t>(
-      sub_compact->compaction->OutputFilePreallocationSize()));
-  const auto& listeners =
-      sub_compact->compaction->immutable_options()->listeners;
-  outputs.AssignFileWriter(new WritableFileWriter(
-      std::move(writable_file), fname, fo_copy, db_options_.clock, io_tracer_,
-      db_options_.stats, Histograms::SST_WRITE_MICROS, listeners,
-      db_options_.file_checksum_gen_factory.get(),
-      tmp_set.Contains(FileType::kTableFile), false));
-
-  // TODO(hx235): pass in the correct `oldest_key_time` instead of `0`
-  const ReadOptions read_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
-  const WriteOptions write_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
-  TableBuilderOptions tboptions(
-      *cfd->ioptions(), *(sub_compact->compaction->mutable_cf_options()),
-      read_options, write_options, cfd->internal_comparator(),
-      cfd->internal_tbl_prop_coll_factories(),
-      sub_compact->compaction->output_compression(),
-      sub_compact->compaction->output_compression_opts(), cfd->GetID(),
-      cfd->GetName(), sub_compact->compaction->output_level(),
-      bottommost_level_, TableFileCreationReason::kCompaction,
-      0 /* oldest_key_time */, current_time, db_id_, db_session_id_,
-      sub_compact->compaction->max_output_file_size(), file_number,
-      preclude_last_level_min_seqno_ == kMaxSequenceNumber
-          ? preclude_last_level_min_seqno_
-          : std::min(earliest_snapshot_, preclude_last_level_min_seqno_));
-
-  outputs.NewBuilder(tboptions);
-
-  LogFlush(db_options_.info_log);
-  return s;
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::CleanupCompaction() {
-  for (SubcompactionState& sub_compact : compact_->sub_compact_states) {
-    sub_compact.Cleanup(table_cache_.get());
-  }
-  delete compact_;
-  compact_ = nullptr;
-}
-
-namespace {
-void CopyPrefix(const Slice& src, size_t prefix_length, std::string* dst) {
-  assert(prefix_length > 0);
-  size_t length = src.size() > prefix_length ? prefix_length : src.size();
-  dst->assign(src.data(), length);
-}
-}  // namespace
-
-bool CompactionJob::UpdateCompactionStats(uint64_t* num_input_range_del) {
-  assert(compact_);
-
-  Compaction* compaction = compact_->compaction;
-  compaction_stats_.stats.num_input_files_in_non_output_levels = 0;
-  compaction_stats_.stats.num_input_files_in_output_level = 0;
-
-  bool has_error = false;
-  const ReadOptions read_options(Env::IOActivity::kCompaction);
-  const auto& input_table_properties = compaction->GetInputTableProperties();
-  for (int input_level = 0;
-       input_level < static_cast<int>(compaction->num_input_levels());
-       ++input_level) {
-    size_t num_input_files = compaction->num_input_files(input_level);
-    uint64_t* bytes_read;
-    if (compaction->level(input_level) != compaction->output_level()) {
-      compaction_stats_.stats.num_input_files_in_non_output_levels +=
-          static_cast<int>(num_input_files);
-      bytes_read = &compaction_stats_.stats.bytes_read_non_output_levels;
-    } else {
-      compaction_stats_.stats.num_input_files_in_output_level +=
-          static_cast<int>(num_input_files);
-      bytes_read = &compaction_stats_.stats.bytes_read_output_level;
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_input_files; ++i) {
-      const FileMetaData* file_meta = compaction->input(input_level, i);
-      *bytes_read += file_meta->fd.GetFileSize();
-      uint64_t file_input_entries = file_meta->num_entries;
-      uint64_t file_num_range_del = file_meta->num_range_deletions;
-      if (file_input_entries == 0) {
-        uint64_t file_number = file_meta->fd.GetNumber();
-        // Try getting info from table property
-        std::string fn =
-            TableFileName(compaction->immutable_options()->cf_paths,
-                          file_number, file_meta->fd.GetPathId());
-        const auto& tp = input_table_properties.find(fn);
-        if (tp != input_table_properties.end()) {
-          file_input_entries = tp->second->num_entries;
-          file_num_range_del = tp->second->num_range_deletions;
-        } else {
-          has_error = true;
-        }
-      }
-      compaction_stats_.stats.num_input_records += file_input_entries;
-      if (num_input_range_del) {
-        *num_input_range_del += file_num_range_del;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  assert(compaction_job_stats_);
-  compaction_stats_.stats.bytes_read_blob =
-      compaction_job_stats_->total_blob_bytes_read;
-
-  compaction_stats_.stats.num_dropped_records =
-      compaction_stats_.DroppedRecords();
-  return !has_error;
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::UpdateCompactionJobStats(
-    const InternalStats::CompactionStats& stats) const {
-  compaction_job_stats_->elapsed_micros = stats.micros;
-
-  // input information
-  compaction_job_stats_->total_input_bytes =
-      stats.bytes_read_non_output_levels + stats.bytes_read_output_level;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_input_records = stats.num_input_records;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_input_files =
-      stats.num_input_files_in_non_output_levels +
-      stats.num_input_files_in_output_level;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_input_files_at_output_level =
-      stats.num_input_files_in_output_level;
-
-  // output information
-  compaction_job_stats_->total_output_bytes = stats.bytes_written;
-  compaction_job_stats_->total_output_bytes_blob = stats.bytes_written_blob;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_output_records = stats.num_output_records;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_output_files = stats.num_output_files;
-  compaction_job_stats_->num_output_files_blob = stats.num_output_files_blob;
-
-  if (stats.num_output_files > 0) {
-    CopyPrefix(compact_->SmallestUserKey(),
-               CompactionJobStats::kMaxPrefixLength,
-               &compaction_job_stats_->smallest_output_key_prefix);
-    CopyPrefix(compact_->LargestUserKey(), CompactionJobStats::kMaxPrefixLength,
-               &compaction_job_stats_->largest_output_key_prefix);
-  }
-}
-
-void CompactionJob::LogCompaction() {
-  Compaction* compaction = compact_->compaction;
-  ColumnFamilyData* cfd = compaction->column_family_data();
-
-  // Let's check if anything will get logged. Don't prepare all the info if
-  // we're not logging
-  if (db_options_.info_log_level <= InfoLogLevel::INFO_LEVEL) {
-    Compaction::InputLevelSummaryBuffer inputs_summary;
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(
-        db_options_.info_log, "[%s] [JOB %d] Compacting %s, score %.2f",
-        cfd->GetName().c_str(), job_id_,
-        compaction->InputLevelSummary(&inputs_summary), compaction->score());
-    char scratch[2345];
-    compaction->Summary(scratch, sizeof(scratch));
-    ROCKS_LOG_INFO(db_options_.info_log, "[%s]: Compaction start summary: %s\n",
-                   cfd->GetName().c_str(), scratch);
-    // build event logger report
-    auto stream = event_logger_->Log();
-    stream << "job" << job_id_ << "event"
-           << "compaction_started"
-           << "compaction_reason"
-           << GetCompactionReasonString(compaction->compaction_reason());
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < compaction->num_input_levels(); ++i) {
-      stream << ("files_L" + std::to_string(compaction->level(i)));
-      stream.StartArray();
-      for (auto f : *compaction->inputs(i)) {
-        stream << f->fd.GetNumber();
-      }
-      stream.EndArray();
-    }
-    stream << "score" << compaction->score() << "input_data_size"
-           << compaction->CalculateTotalInputSize() << "oldest_snapshot_seqno"
-           << (existing_snapshots_.empty()
-                   ? int64_t{-1}  // Use -1 for "none"
-                   : static_cast<int64_t>(existing_snapshots_[0]));
-    if (compaction->SupportsPerKeyPlacement()) {
-      stream << "preclude_last_level_min_seqno"
-             << preclude_last_level_min_seqno_;
-      stream << "penultimate_output_level" << compaction->GetPenultimateLevel();
-      stream << "penultimate_output_range"
-             << GetCompactionPenultimateOutputRangeTypeString(
-                    compaction->GetPenultimateOutputRangeType());
-
-      if (compaction->GetPenultimateOutputRangeType() ==
-          Compaction::PenultimateOutputRangeType::kDisabled) {
-        ROCKS_LOG_WARN(
-            db_options_.info_log,
-            "[%s] [JOB %d] Penultimate level output is disabled, likely "
-            "because of the range conflict in the penultimate level",
-            cfd->GetName().c_str(), job_id_);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-std::string CompactionJob::GetTableFileName(uint64_t file_number) {
-  return TableFileName(compact_->compaction->immutable_options()->cf_paths,
-                       file_number, compact_->compaction->output_path_id());
-}
-
-Env::IOPriority CompactionJob::GetRateLimiterPriority() {
-  if (versions_ && versions_->GetColumnFamilySet() &&
-      versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()->write_controller()) {
-    WriteController* write_controller =
-        versions_->GetColumnFamilySet()->write_controller();
-    if (write_controller->NeedsDelay() || write_controller->IsStopped()) {
-      return Env::IO_USER;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return Env::IO_LOW;
-}
-
-}  // namespace ROCKSDB_NAMESPACE