react-native-windows 0.81.34 → 0.81.36

package/external/folly/folly/Function.h

@@ -0,0 +1,1159 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//
+// Docs: https://fburl.com/fbcref_function
+//
+
+/**
+ * @class folly::Function
+ * @refcode folly/docs/examples/folly/Function.cpp
+ *
+ * A polymorphic function wrapper that is not copyable and does not
+ * require the wrapped function to be copy constructible.
+ *
+ * `folly::Function` is a polymorphic function wrapper, similar to
+ * `std::function`. The template parameters of the `folly::Function` define
+ * the parameter signature of the wrapped callable, but not the specific
+ * type of the embedded callable. E.g. a `folly::Function<int(int)>`
+ * can wrap callables that return an `int` when passed an `int`. This can be a
+ * function pointer or any class object implementing one or both of
+ *
+ *     int operator(int);
+ *     int operator(int) const;
+ *
+ * If both are defined, the non-const one takes precedence.
+ *
+ * Unlike `std::function`, a `folly::Function` can wrap objects that are not
+ * copy constructible. As a consequence of this, `folly::Function` itself
+ * is not copyable, either.
+ *
+ * Another difference is that, unlike `std::function`, `folly::Function` treats
+ * const-ness of methods correctly. While a `std::function` allows to wrap
+ * an object that only implements a non-const `operator()` and invoke
+ * a const-reference of the `std::function`, `folly::Function` requires you to
+ * declare a function type as const in order to be able to execute it on a
+ * const-reference.
+ *
+ * For example:
+ *
+ *     class Foo {
+ *      public:
+ *       void operator()() {
+ *         // mutates the Foo object
+ *       }
+ *     };
+ *
+ *     class Bar {
+ *       std::function<void(void)> foo_; // wraps a Foo object
+ *      public:
+ *       void mutateFoo() const
+ *       {
+ *         foo_();
+ *       }
+ *     };
+ *
+ * Even though `mutateFoo` is a const-method, so it can only reference `foo_`
+ * as const, it is able to call the non-const `operator()` of the Foo
+ * object that is embedded in the foo_ function.
+ *
+ * `folly::Function` will not allow you to do that. You will have to decide
+ * whether you need to invoke your wrapped callable from a const reference
+ * (like in the example above), in which case it will only wrap a
+ * `operator() const`. If your functor does not implement that,
+ * compilation will fail. If you do not require to be able to invoke the
+ * wrapped function in a const context, you can wrap any functor that
+ * implements either or both of const and non-const `operator()`.
+ *
+ * The template parameter of `folly::Function`, the `FunctionType`, can be
+ * const-qualified. Be aware that the const is part of the function signature.
+ * It does not mean that the function type is a const type.
+ *
+ *   using FunctionType = R(Args...);
+ *   using ConstFunctionType = R(Args...) const;
+ *
+ * In this example, `FunctionType` and `ConstFunctionType` are different
+ * types. `ConstFunctionType` is not the same as `const FunctionType`.
+ * As a matter of fact, trying to use the latter should emit a compiler
+ * warning or error, because it has no defined meaning.
+ *
+ *     // This will not compile:
+ *     folly::Function<void(void) const> func = Foo();
+ *     // because Foo does not have a member function of the form:
+ *     //   void operator()() const;
+ *
+ *     // This will compile just fine:
+ *     folly::Function<void(void)> func = Foo();
+ *     // and it will wrap the existing member function:
+ *     //   void operator()();
+ *
+ * When should a const function type be used? As a matter of fact, you will
+ * probably not need to use const function types very often. See the following
+ * example:
+ *
+ *     class Bar {
+ *       folly::Function<void()> func_;
+ *       folly::Function<void() const> constFunc_;
+ *
+ *       void someMethod() {
+ *         // Can call func_.
+ *         func_();
+ *         // Can call constFunc_.
+ *         constFunc_();
+ *       }
+ *
+ *       void someConstMethod() const {
+ *         // Can call constFunc_.
+ *         constFunc_();
+ *         // However, cannot call func_ because a non-const method cannot
+ *         // be called from a const one.
+ *       }
+ *     };
+ *
+ * As you can see, whether the `folly::Function`'s function type should
+ * be declared const or not is identical to whether a corresponding method
+ * would be declared const or not.
+ *
+ * You only require a `folly::Function` to hold a const function type, if you
+ * intend to invoke it from within a const context. This is to ensure that
+ * you cannot mutate its inner state when calling in a const context.
+ *
+ * This is how the const/non-const choice relates to lambda functions:
+ *
+ *     // Non-mutable lambdas: can be stored in a non-const...
+ *     folly::Function<void(int)> print_number =
+ *       [] (int number) { std::cout << number << std::endl; };
+ *
+ *     // ...as well as in a const folly::Function
+ *     folly::Function<void(int) const> print_number_const =
+ *       [] (int number) { std::cout << number << std::endl; };
+ *
+ *     // Mutable lambda: can only be stored in a non-const folly::Function:
+ *     int number = 0;
+ *     folly::Function<void()> print_number =
+ *       [number] () mutable { std::cout << ++number << std::endl; };
+ *     // Trying to store the above mutable lambda in a
+ *     // `folly::Function<void() const>` would lead to a compiler error:
+ *     // error: no viable conversion from '(lambda at ...)' to
+ *     // 'folly::Function<void () const>'
+ *
+ * Casting between const and non-const `folly::Function`s:
+ * conversion from const to non-const signatures happens implicitly. Any
+ * function that takes a `folly::Function<R(Args...)>` can be passed
+ * a `folly::Function<R(Args...) const>` without explicit conversion.
+ * This is safe, because casting from const to non-const only entails giving
+ * up the ability to invoke the function from a const context.
+ * Casting from a non-const to a const signature is potentially dangerous,
+ * as it means that a function that may change its inner state when invoked
+ * is made possible to call from a const context. Therefore this cast does
+ * not happen implicitly. The function `folly::constCastFunction` can
+ * be used to perform the cast.
+ *
+ *     // Mutable lambda: can only be stored in a non-const folly::Function:
+ *     int number = 0;
+ *     folly::Function<void()> print_number =
+ *       [number] () mutable { std::cout << ++number << std::endl; };
+ *
+ *     // const-cast to a const folly::Function:
+ *     folly::Function<void() const> print_number_const =
+ *       constCastFunction(std::move(print_number));
+ *
+ * When to use const function types?
+ * Generally, only when you need them. When you use a `folly::Function` as a
+ * member of a struct or class, only use a const function signature when you
+ * need to invoke the function from const context.
+ * When passing a `folly::Function` to a function, the function should accept
+ * a non-const `folly::Function` whenever possible, i.e. when it does not
+ * need to pass on or store a const `folly::Function`. This is the least
+ * possible constraint: you can always pass a const `folly::Function` when
+ * the function accepts a non-const one.
+ *
+ * How does the const behaviour compare to `std::function`?
+ * `std::function` can wrap object with non-const invocation behaviour but
+ * exposes them as const. The equivalent behaviour can be achieved with
+ * `folly::Function` like so:
+ *
+ *     std::function<void(void)> stdfunc = someCallable;
+ *
+ *     folly::Function<void(void) const> uniqfunc = constCastFunction(
+ *       folly::Function<void(void)>(someCallable)
+ *     );
+ *
+ * You need to wrap the callable first in a non-const `folly::Function` to
+ * select a non-const invoke operator (or the const one if no non-const one is
+ * present), and then move it into a const `folly::Function` using
+ * `constCastFunction`.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <new>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <folly/CppAttributes.h>
+#include <folly/Portability.h>
+#include <folly/Traits.h>
+#include <folly/functional/Invoke.h>
+#include <folly/lang/Align.h>
+#include <folly/lang/Exception.h>
+#include <folly/lang/New.h>
+
+namespace folly {
+
+template <typename FunctionType>
+class Function;
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+Function<ReturnType(Args...) const> constCastFunction(
+    Function<ReturnType(Args...)>&&) noexcept;
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+Function<ReturnType(Args...) const noexcept> constCastFunction(
+    Function<ReturnType(Args...) noexcept>&&) noexcept;
+
+namespace detail {
+namespace function {
+
+enum class Op { MOVE, NUKE, HEAP };
+
+union Data {
+  struct BigTrivialLayout {
+    void* big;
+    std::size_t size;
+    std::size_t align;
+  };
+
+  void* big;
+  BigTrivialLayout bigt;
+  folly::aligned_storage_t<6 * sizeof(void*)> tiny;
+};
+
+struct CoerceTag {};
+
+template <typename T>
+using FunctionNullptrTest =
+    decltype(static_cast<bool>(static_cast<T const&>(T(nullptr)) == nullptr));
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr bool IsNullptrCompatible = is_detected_v<FunctionNullptrTest, T>;
+
+template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<!IsNullptrCompatible<T>, int> = 0>
+constexpr bool isEmptyFunction(T const&) {
+  return false;
+}
+template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<IsNullptrCompatible<T>, int> = 0>
+constexpr bool isEmptyFunction(T const& t) {
+  return static_cast<bool>(t == nullptr);
+}
+
+template <typename F, typename... Args>
+using CallableResult = decltype(FOLLY_DECLVAL(F&&)(FOLLY_DECLVAL(Args&&)...));
+
+template <typename F, typename... Args>
+constexpr bool CallableNoexcept =
+    noexcept(FOLLY_DECLVAL(F&&)(FOLLY_DECLVAL(Args&&)...));
+
+template <
+    typename From,
+    typename To,
+    typename = typename std::enable_if<
+        !std::is_reference<To>::value || std::is_reference<From>::value>::type>
+using IfSafeResultImpl = decltype(void(static_cast<To>(FOLLY_DECLVAL(From))));
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+//  Need a workaround for MSVC to avoid the inscrutable error:
+//
+//      folly\function.h(...) : fatal error C1001: An internal error has
+//          occurred in the compiler.
+//      (compiler file 'f:\dd\vctools\compiler\utc\src\p2\main.c', line 258)
+//      To work around this problem, try simplifying or changing the program
+//          near the locations listed above.
+template <typename T>
+using CallArg = T&&;
+#else
+template <typename T>
+using CallArg = conditional_t<is_register_pass_v<T>, T, T&&>;
+#endif
+
+template <typename F, bool Nx, typename R, typename... A>
+class FunctionTraitsSharedProxy {
+  std::shared_ptr<Function<F>> sp_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit FunctionTraitsSharedProxy(std::nullptr_t) noexcept {}
+  explicit FunctionTraitsSharedProxy(Function<F>&& func)
+      : sp_(func ? std::make_shared<Function<F>>(std::move(func))
+                 : std::shared_ptr<Function<F>>()) {}
+  R operator()(A... args) const noexcept(Nx) {
+    if (!sp_) {
+      throw_exception<std::bad_function_call>();
+    }
+    return (*sp_)(static_cast<A&&>(args)...);
+  }
+
+  explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return sp_ != nullptr; }
+
+  friend bool operator==(
+      FunctionTraitsSharedProxy const& proxy, std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
+    return proxy.sp_ == nullptr;
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(
+      FunctionTraitsSharedProxy const& proxy, std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
+    return proxy.sp_ != nullptr;
+  }
+
+  friend bool operator==(
+      std::nullptr_t, FunctionTraitsSharedProxy const& proxy) noexcept {
+    return proxy.sp_ == nullptr;
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(
+      std::nullptr_t, FunctionTraitsSharedProxy const& proxy) noexcept {
+    return proxy.sp_ != nullptr;
+  }
+};
+
+template <
+    typename Fun,
+    bool Small,
+    bool Nx,
+    typename ReturnType,
+    typename... Args>
+ReturnType call_(Args... args, Data& p) noexcept(Nx) {
+  auto& fn = *static_cast<Fun*>(Small ? &p.tiny : p.big);
+  if constexpr (std::is_void<ReturnType>::value) {
+    fn(static_cast<Args&&>(args)...);
+  } else {
+    return fn(static_cast<Args&&>(args)...);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename FunctionType>
+struct FunctionTraits;
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+struct FunctionTraits<ReturnType(Args...)> {
+  using Call = ReturnType (*)(CallArg<Args>..., Data&);
+  using ConstSignature = ReturnType(Args...) const;
+  using NonConstSignature = ReturnType(Args...);
+  using OtherSignature = ConstSignature;
+
+  template <typename F, typename R = CallableResult<F&, Args...>>
+  using IfSafeResult = IfSafeResultImpl<R, ReturnType>;
+
+  template <typename Fun, bool Small>
+  static constexpr Call call =
+      call_<Fun, Small, false, ReturnType, CallArg<Args>...>;
+
+  static ReturnType uninitCall(CallArg<Args>..., Data&) {
+    throw_exception<std::bad_function_call>();
+  }
+
+  ReturnType operator()(Args... args) {
+    auto& fn = *static_cast<Function<NonConstSignature>*>(this);
+    return fn.call_(static_cast<Args&&>(args)..., fn.data_);
+  }
+
+  using SharedProxy =
+      FunctionTraitsSharedProxy<NonConstSignature, false, ReturnType, Args...>;
+};
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+struct FunctionTraits<ReturnType(Args...) const> {
+  using Call = ReturnType (*)(CallArg<Args>..., Data&);
+  using ConstSignature = ReturnType(Args...) const;
+  using NonConstSignature = ReturnType(Args...);
+  using OtherSignature = NonConstSignature;
+
+  template <typename F, typename R = CallableResult<const F&, Args...>>
+  using IfSafeResult = IfSafeResultImpl<R, ReturnType>;
+
+  template <typename Fun, bool Small>
+  static constexpr Call call =
+      call_<const Fun, Small, false, ReturnType, CallArg<Args>...>;
+
+  static ReturnType uninitCall(CallArg<Args>..., Data&) {
+    throw_exception<std::bad_function_call>();
+  }
+
+  ReturnType operator()(Args... args) const {
+    auto& fn = *static_cast<const Function<ConstSignature>*>(this);
+    return fn.call_(static_cast<Args&&>(args)..., fn.data_);
+  }
+
+  using SharedProxy =
+      FunctionTraitsSharedProxy<ConstSignature, false, ReturnType, Args...>;
+};
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+struct FunctionTraits<ReturnType(Args...) noexcept> {
+  using Call = ReturnType (*)(CallArg<Args>..., Data&) noexcept;
+  using ConstSignature = ReturnType(Args...) const noexcept;
+  using NonConstSignature = ReturnType(Args...) noexcept;
+  using OtherSignature = ConstSignature;
+
+  template <
+      typename F,
+      typename R = CallableResult<F&, Args...>,
+      std::enable_if_t<CallableNoexcept<F&, Args...>, int> = 0>
+  using IfSafeResult = IfSafeResultImpl<R, ReturnType>;
+
+  template <typename Fun, bool Small>
+  static constexpr Call call =
+      call_<Fun, Small, true, ReturnType, CallArg<Args>...>;
+
+  static ReturnType uninitCall(CallArg<Args>..., Data&) noexcept {
+    terminate_with<std::bad_function_call>();
+  }
+
+  ReturnType operator()(Args... args) noexcept {
+    auto& fn = *static_cast<Function<NonConstSignature>*>(this);
+    return fn.call_(static_cast<Args&&>(args)..., fn.data_);
+  }
+
+  using SharedProxy =
+      FunctionTraitsSharedProxy<NonConstSignature, true, ReturnType, Args...>;
+};
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+struct FunctionTraits<ReturnType(Args...) const noexcept> {
+  using Call = ReturnType (*)(CallArg<Args>..., Data&) noexcept;
+  using ConstSignature = ReturnType(Args...) const noexcept;
+  using NonConstSignature = ReturnType(Args...) noexcept;
+  using OtherSignature = NonConstSignature;
+
+  template <
+      typename F,
+      typename R = CallableResult<const F&, Args...>,
+      std::enable_if_t<CallableNoexcept<const F&, Args...>, int> = 0>
+  using IfSafeResult = IfSafeResultImpl<R, ReturnType>;
+
+  template <typename Fun, bool Small>
+  static constexpr Call call =
+      call_<const Fun, Small, true, ReturnType, CallArg<Args>...>;
+
+  static ReturnType uninitCall(CallArg<Args>..., Data&) noexcept {
+    terminate_with<std::bad_function_call>();
+  }
+
+  ReturnType operator()(Args... args) const noexcept {
+    auto& fn = *static_cast<const Function<ConstSignature>*>(this);
+    return fn.call_(static_cast<Args&&>(args)..., fn.data_);
+  }
+
+  using SharedProxy =
+      FunctionTraitsSharedProxy<ConstSignature, true, ReturnType, Args...>;
+};
+
+// These are control functions. They type-erase the operations of move-
+// construction, destruction, and conversion to bool.
+//
+// The interface operations are noexcept, so the implementations are as well.
+// Having the implementations be noexcept in the type permits callers to omit
+// exception-handling machinery.
+//
+// This is intentionally instantiated per size rather than per function in order
+// to minimize the number of instantiations. It would be safe to minimize
+// instantiations even more by simply having a single non-template function that
+// copies sizeof(Data) bytes rather than only copying sizeof(Fun) bytes, but
+// then for small function types it would be likely to cross cache lines without
+// need. But it is only necessary to handle those sizes which are multiples of
+// the alignof(Data), and to round up other sizes.
+struct DispatchSmallTrivial {
+  static constexpr bool is_in_situ = true;
+  static constexpr bool is_trivial = true;
+
+  template <std::size_t Size>
+  static std::size_t exec_(Op o, Data* src, Data* dst) noexcept {
+    switch (o) {
+      case Op::MOVE:
+        std::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(dst), static_cast<void*>(src), Size);
+        break;
+      case Op::NUKE:
+        break;
+      case Op::HEAP:
+        break;
+    }
+    return 0U;
+  }
+  template <std::size_t size, std::size_t adjust = alignof(Data) - 1>
+  static constexpr std::size_t size_ = (size + adjust) & ~adjust;
+  template <typename Fun>
+  static constexpr auto exec = exec_<size_<sizeof(Fun)>>;
+};
+
+struct DispatchBigTrivial {
+  static constexpr bool is_in_situ = false;
+  static constexpr bool is_trivial = true;
+
+  template <typename Fun, typename Base>
+  static constexpr auto call = Base::template callBig<Fun>;
+
+  static constexpr bool is_align_large(size_t align) {
+    return align > __STDCPP_DEFAULT_NEW_ALIGNMENT__;
+  }
+
+  template <bool IsAlignLarge>
+  static std::size_t exec_(Op o, Data* src, Data* dst) noexcept {
+    switch (o) {
+      case Op::MOVE:
+        dst->bigt = src->bigt;
+        src->bigt = {};
+        break;
+      case Op::NUKE:
+        IsAlignLarge
+            ? operator_delete(
+                  src->big, src->bigt.size, std::align_val_t(src->bigt.align))
+            : operator_delete(src->big, src->bigt.size);
+        break;
+      case Op::HEAP:
+        break;
+    }
+    return src->bigt.size;
+  }
+  template <typename T>
+  static constexpr auto exec = exec_<is_align_large(alignof(T))>;
+
+  FOLLY_ALWAYS_INLINE static void ctor(
+      Data& data,
+      void const* fun,
+      std::size_t size,
+      std::size_t align) noexcept {
+    // cannot use type-specific new since type-specific new is overrideable
+    // in concert with type-specific delete
+    data.bigt.big = is_align_large(align)
+        ? operator_new(size, std::align_val_t(align))
+        : operator_new(size);
+    data.bigt.size = size;
+    data.bigt.align = align;
+    std::memcpy(data.bigt.big, fun, size);
+  }
+};
+
+struct DispatchSmall {
+  static constexpr bool is_in_situ = true;
+  static constexpr bool is_trivial = false;
+
+  template <typename Fun>
+  static std::size_t exec(Op o, Data* src, Data* dst) noexcept {
+    switch (o) {
+      case Op::MOVE:
+        ::new (static_cast<void*>(&dst->tiny)) Fun(static_cast<Fun&&>(
+            *static_cast<Fun*>(static_cast<void*>(&src->tiny))));
+        [[fallthrough]];
+      case Op::NUKE:
+        static_cast<Fun*>(static_cast<void*>(&src->tiny))->~Fun();
+        break;
+      case Op::HEAP:
+        break;
+    }
+    return 0U;
+  }
+};
+
+struct DispatchBig {
+  static constexpr bool is_in_situ = false;
+  static constexpr bool is_trivial = false;
+
+  template <typename Fun>
+  static std::size_t exec(Op o, Data* src, Data* dst) noexcept {
+    switch (o) {
+      case Op::MOVE:
+        dst->big = src->big;
+        src->big = nullptr;
+        break;
+      case Op::NUKE:
+        delete static_cast<Fun*>(src->big);
+        break;
+      case Op::HEAP:
+        break;
+    }
+    return sizeof(Fun);
+  }
+};
+
+template <bool InSitu, bool IsTriv>
+struct Dispatch;
+template <>
+struct Dispatch<true, true> : DispatchSmallTrivial {};
+template <>
+struct Dispatch<true, false> : DispatchSmall {};
+template <>
+struct Dispatch<false, true> : DispatchBigTrivial {};
+template <>
+struct Dispatch<false, false> : DispatchBig {};
+
+template <
+    typename Fun,
+    bool InSituSize = sizeof(Fun) <= sizeof(Data),
+    bool InSituAlign = alignof(Fun) <= alignof(Data),
+    bool InSituNoexcept = noexcept(Fun(FOLLY_DECLVAL(Fun)))>
+using DispatchOf = Dispatch<
+    InSituSize && InSituAlign && InSituNoexcept,
+    std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Fun>>;
+
+// This cannot be done inseide `Function` class, because the word
+// `Function` there refers to the instantion and not the template.
+template <typename T>
+constexpr bool is_instantiation_of_folly_function_v =
+    is_instantiation_of_v<Function, T>;
+
+} // namespace function
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename FunctionType>
+class Function final : private detail::function::FunctionTraits<FunctionType> {
+  // These utility types are defined outside of the template to reduce
+  // the number of instantiations, and then imported in the class
+  // namespace for convenience.
+  using Data = detail::function::Data;
+  using Op = detail::function::Op;
+  using CoerceTag = detail::function::CoerceTag;
+
+  using Traits = detail::function::FunctionTraits<FunctionType>;
+  using Call = typename Traits::Call;
+  using Exec = std::size_t (*)(Op, Data*, Data*) noexcept;
+
+  // The `data_` member is mutable to allow `constCastFunction` to work without
+  // invoking undefined behavior. Const-correctness is only violated when
+  // `FunctionType` is a const function type (e.g., `int() const`) and `*this`
+  // is the result of calling `constCastFunction`.
+  mutable Data data_{unsafe_default_initialized};
+  Call call_{&Traits::uninitCall};
+  Exec exec_{nullptr};
+
+  std::size_t exec(Op o, Data* src, Data* dst) const {
+    if (!exec_) {
+      return 0U;
+    }
+    return exec_(o, src, dst);
+  }
+
+  friend Traits;
+  friend Function<typename Traits::ConstSignature> folly::constCastFunction<>(
+      Function<typename Traits::NonConstSignature>&&) noexcept;
+  friend class Function<typename Traits::OtherSignature>;
+
+  template <typename Signature>
+  Function(Function<Signature>&& fun, CoerceTag) {
+    using Fun = Function<Signature>;
+    if (fun) {
+      data_.big = new Fun(static_cast<Fun&&>(fun));
+      call_ = Traits::template call<Fun, false>;
+      exec_ = Exec(detail::function::DispatchBig::exec<Fun>);
+    }
+  }
+
+  Function(Function<typename Traits::OtherSignature>&& that, CoerceTag) noexcept
+      : call_(that.call_), exec_(that.exec_) {
+    that.call_ = &Traits::uninitCall;
+    that.exec_ = nullptr;
+    exec(Op::MOVE, &that.data_, &data_);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  /**
+   * Default constructor. Constructs an empty Function.
+   */
+  constexpr Function() = default;
+
+  // not copyable
+  Function(const Function&) = delete;
+
+#ifdef __OBJC__
+  // Make sure Objective C blocks are copied
+  template <class ReturnType, class... Args>
+  /*implicit*/ Function(ReturnType (^objCBlock)(Args... args))
+      : Function([blockCopy = (ReturnType(^)(Args...))[objCBlock copy]](
+                     Args... args) { return blockCopy(args...); }){};
+#endif
+
+  /**
+   * Move constructor
+   */
+  Function(Function&& that) noexcept : call_(that.call_), exec_(that.exec_) {
+    // that must be uninitialized before exec() call in the case of self move
+    that.call_ = &Traits::uninitCall;
+    that.exec_ = nullptr;
+    exec(Op::MOVE, &that.data_, &data_);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs an empty `Function`.
+   */
+  /* implicit */ constexpr Function(std::nullptr_t) noexcept {}
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new `Function` from any callable object that is _not_ a
+   * `folly::Function`.
+   *
+   * \note `typename Traits::template IfSafeResult<Fun>` prevents this overload
+   * from being selected by overload resolution when `fun` is not a compatible
+   * function.
+   *
+   * \note The noexcept requires some explanation. `is_in_situ` is true when the
+   * decayed type fits within the internal buffer and is noexcept-movable. But
+   * this ctor might copy, not move. What we need here, if this ctor does a
+   * copy, is that this ctor be noexcept when the copy is noexcept. That is not
+   * checked in `is_in_situ`, and shouldn't be, because once the `Function` is
+   * constructed, the contained object is never copied. This check is for this
+   * ctor only, in the case that this ctor does a copy.
+   *
+   * @param fun function pointers, pointers to static
+   *     member functions, `std::reference_wrapper` objects, `std::function`
+   *     objects, and arbitrary objects that implement `operator()` if the
+   * parameter signature matches (i.e. it returns an object convertible to `R`
+   * when called with `Args...`).
+   */
+  template <
+      typename Fun,
+      typename = std::enable_if_t<
+          !detail::function::is_instantiation_of_folly_function_v<Fun>>,
+      typename = typename Traits::template IfSafeResult<Fun>>
+  /* implicit */ constexpr Function(Fun fun) noexcept(
+      detail::function::DispatchOf<Fun>::is_in_situ) {
+    using Dispatch = detail::function::DispatchOf<Fun>;
+    if constexpr (detail::function::IsNullptrCompatible<Fun>) {
+      if (detail::function::isEmptyFunction(fun)) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    if constexpr (Dispatch::is_in_situ) {
+      if constexpr (
+          !std::is_empty<Fun>::value || !std::is_trivially_copyable_v<Fun>) {
+        ::new (&data_.tiny) Fun(static_cast<Fun&&>(fun));
+      }
+    } else {
+      if constexpr (Dispatch::is_trivial) {
+        Dispatch::ctor(data_, &fun, sizeof(Fun), alignof(Fun));
+      } else {
+        data_.big = new Fun(static_cast<Fun&&>(fun));
+      }
+    }
+    call_ = Traits::template call<Fun, Dispatch::is_in_situ>;
+    exec_ = Exec(Dispatch::template exec<Fun>);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For move-constructing from a `folly::Function<X(Ys...) [const?]>`.
+   *
+   * For a `Function` with a `const` function type, the object must be
+   * callable from a `const`-reference, i.e. implement `operator() const`.
+   * For a `Function` with a non-`const` function type, the object will
+   * be called from a non-const reference, which means that it will execute
+   * a non-const `operator()` if it is defined, and falls back to
+   * `operator() const` otherwise.
+   */
+  template <
+      typename Signature,
+      typename Fun = Function<Signature>,
+      // prevent gcc from making this a better match than move-ctor
+      typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same<Function, Fun>::value>,
+      typename = typename Traits::template IfSafeResult<Fun>>
+  Function(Function<Signature>&& that) noexcept(
+      noexcept(Function(std::move(that), CoerceTag{})))
+      : Function(std::move(that), CoerceTag{}) {}
+
+  /**
+   * If `ptr` is null, constructs an empty `Function`. Otherwise,
+   * this constructor is equivalent to `Function(std::mem_fn(ptr))`.
+   */
+  template <
+      typename Member,
+      typename Class,
+      // Prevent this overload from being selected when `ptr` is not a
+      // compatible member function pointer.
+      typename = decltype(Function(std::mem_fn((Member Class::*)0)))>
+  /* implicit */ Function(Member Class::*ptr) noexcept {
+    if (ptr) {
+      *this = std::mem_fn(ptr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  ~Function() { exec(Op::NUKE, &data_, nullptr); }
+
+  Function& operator=(const Function&) = delete;
+
+#ifdef __OBJC__
+  // Make sure Objective C blocks are copied
+  template <class ReturnType, class... Args>
+  /* implicit */ Function& operator=(ReturnType (^objCBlock)(Args... args)) {
+    (*this) = [blockCopy = (ReturnType(^)(Args...))[objCBlock copy]](
+                  Args... args) { return blockCopy(args...); };
+    return *this;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  /**
+   * Move assignment operator
+   *
+   * \note Leaves `that` in a valid but unspecified state. If `&that == this`
+   * then `*this` is left in a valid but unspecified state.
+   */
+  Function& operator=(Function&& that) noexcept {
+    exec(Op::NUKE, &data_, nullptr);
+    if (FOLLY_LIKELY(this != &that)) {
+      that.exec(Op::MOVE, &that.data_, &data_);
+      exec_ = that.exec_;
+      call_ = that.call_;
+    }
+    that.exec_ = nullptr;
+    that.call_ = &Traits::uninitCall;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assigns a callable object to this `Function`. If the operation fails,
+   * `*this` is left unmodified.
+   *
+   * \note `typename = decltype(Function(FOLLY_DECLVAL(Fun&&)))` prevents this
+   * overload from being selected by overload resolution when `fun` is not a
+   * compatible function.
+   */
+  template <
+      typename Fun,
+      typename...,
+      bool Nx = noexcept(Function(FOLLY_DECLVAL(Fun&&)))>
+  Function& operator=(Fun fun) noexcept(Nx) {
+    // Doing this in place is more efficient when we can do so safely.
+    if (Nx) {
+      // Q: Why is is safe to destroy and reconstruct this object in place?
+      // A: See the explanation in the move assignment operator.
+      this->~Function();
+      ::new (this) Function(static_cast<Fun&&>(fun));
+    } else {
+      // Construct a temporary and (nothrow) swap.
+      Function(static_cast<Fun&&>(fun)).swap(*this);
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For assigning from a `Function<X(Ys..) [const?]>`.
+   */
+  template <
+      typename Signature,
+      typename...,
+      typename = typename Traits::template IfSafeResult<Function<Signature>>>
+  Function& operator=(Function<Signature>&& that) noexcept(
+      noexcept(Function(std::move(that)))) {
+    return (*this = Function(std::move(that)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clears this `Function`.
+   */
+  Function& operator=(std::nullptr_t) noexcept { return (*this = Function()); }
+
+  /**
+   * If `ptr` is null, clears this `Function`. Otherwise, this assignment
+   * operator is equivalent to `*this = std::mem_fn(ptr)`.
+   */
+  template <typename Member, typename Class>
+  auto operator=(Member Class::*ptr) noexcept
+      // Prevent this overload from being selected when `ptr` is not a
+      // compatible member function pointer.
+      -> decltype(operator=(std::mem_fn(ptr))) {
+    return ptr ? (*this = std::mem_fn(ptr)) : (*this = Function());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Call the wrapped callable object with the specified arguments.
+   */
+  using Traits::operator();
+
+  /**
+   * Exchanges the callable objects of `*this` and `that`.
+   *
+   * @param that a folly::Function ref
+   */
+  void swap(Function& that) noexcept { std::swap(*this, that); }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns `true` if this `Function` contains a callable, i.e. is
+   * non-empty.
+   */
+  explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return exec_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the size of the allocation made to store the callable on the
+   * heap. If `0` is returned, there has been no additional memory
+   * allocation because the callable is stored within the `Function` object.
+   */
+  std::size_t heapAllocatedMemory() const noexcept {
+    return exec(Op::HEAP, &data_, nullptr);
+  }
+
+  using typename Traits::SharedProxy;
+
+  /**
+   * Move this `Function` into a copyable callable object, of which all copies
+   * share the state.
+   */
+  SharedProxy asSharedProxy() && { return SharedProxy{std::move(*this)}; }
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a `std::function` by moving in the contents of this `Function`.
+   * Note that the returned `std::function` will share its state (i.e. captured
+   * data) across all copies you make of it, so be very careful when copying.
+   */
+  std::function<typename Traits::NonConstSignature> asStdFunction() && {
+    return std::move(*this).asSharedProxy();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename FunctionType>
+void swap(Function<FunctionType>& lhs, Function<FunctionType>& rhs) noexcept {
+  lhs.swap(rhs);
+}
+
+template <typename FunctionType>
+bool operator==(const Function<FunctionType>& fn, std::nullptr_t) {
+  return !fn;
+}
+
+template <typename FunctionType>
+bool operator==(std::nullptr_t, const Function<FunctionType>& fn) {
+  return !fn;
+}
+
+template <typename FunctionType>
+bool operator!=(const Function<FunctionType>& fn, std::nullptr_t) {
+  return !(fn == nullptr);
+}
+
+template <typename FunctionType>
+bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t, const Function<FunctionType>& fn) {
+  return !(nullptr == fn);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Casts a `folly::Function` from non-const to a const signature.
+ *
+ * NOTE: The name of `constCastFunction` should warn you that something
+ * potentially dangerous is happening. As a matter of fact, using
+ * `std::function` always involves this potentially dangerous aspect, which
+ * is why it is not considered fully const-safe or even const-correct.
+ * However, in most of the cases you will not need the dangerous aspect at all.
+ * Either you do not require invocation of the function from a const context,
+ * in which case you do not need to use `constCastFunction` and just
+ * use a non-const `folly::Function`. Or, you may need invocation from const,
+ * but the callable you are wrapping does not mutate its state (e.g. it is a
+ * class object and implements `operator() const`, or it is a normal,
+ * non-mutable lambda), in which case you can wrap the callable in a const
+ * `folly::Function` directly, without using `constCastFunction`.
+ * Only if you require invocation from a const context of a callable that
+ * may mutate itself when invoked you have to go through the above procedure.
+ * However, in that case what you do is potentially dangerous and requires
+ * the equivalent of a `const_cast`, hence you need to call
+ * `constCastFunction`.
+ *
+ * @param that a non-const folly::Function.
+ */
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+Function<ReturnType(Args...) const> constCastFunction(
+    Function<ReturnType(Args...)>&& that) noexcept {
+  return Function<ReturnType(Args...) const>{
+      std::move(that), detail::function::CoerceTag{}};
+}
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+Function<ReturnType(Args...) const> constCastFunction(
+    Function<ReturnType(Args...) const>&& that) noexcept {
+  return std::move(that);
+}
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+Function<ReturnType(Args...) const noexcept> constCastFunction(
+    Function<ReturnType(Args...) noexcept>&& that) noexcept {
+  return Function<ReturnType(Args...) const noexcept>{
+      std::move(that), detail::function::CoerceTag{}};
+}
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+Function<ReturnType(Args...) const noexcept> constCastFunction(
+    Function<ReturnType(Args...) const noexcept>&& that) noexcept {
+  return std::move(that);
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Void, typename>
+struct function_ctor_deduce_;
+
+template <typename P>
+struct function_ctor_deduce_<
+    std::enable_if_t<std::is_function<std::remove_pointer_t<P>>::value>,
+    P> {
+  using type = std::remove_pointer_t<P>;
+};
+
+template <typename F>
+struct function_ctor_deduce_<void_t<decltype(&F::operator())>, F> {
+  using type =
+      typename member_pointer_traits<decltype(&F::operator())>::member_type;
+};
+
+template <typename F>
+using function_ctor_deduce_t = typename function_ctor_deduce_<void, F>::type;
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename F>
+Function(F) -> Function<detail::function_ctor_deduce_t<F>>;
+
+/**
+ * @class folly::FunctionRef
+ *
+ * A reference wrapper for callable objects
+ *
+ * FunctionRef is similar to std::reference_wrapper, but the template parameter
+ * is the function signature type rather than the type of the referenced object.
+ * A folly::FunctionRef is cheap to construct as it contains only a pointer to
+ * the referenced callable and a pointer to a function which invokes the
+ * callable.
+ *
+ * The user of FunctionRef must be aware of the reference semantics: storing a
+ * copy of a FunctionRef is potentially dangerous and should be avoided unless
+ * the referenced object definitely outlives the FunctionRef object. Thus any
+ * function that accepts a FunctionRef parameter should only use it to invoke
+ * the referenced function and not store a copy of it. Knowing that FunctionRef
+ * itself has reference semantics, it is generally okay to use it to reference
+ * lambdas that capture by reference.
+ */
+
+template <typename FunctionType>
+class FunctionRef;
+
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args>
+class FunctionRef<ReturnType(Args...)> final {
+  template <typename Arg>
+  using CallArg = detail::function::CallArg<Arg>;
+
+  using Call = ReturnType (*)(CallArg<Args>..., void*);
+
+  static ReturnType uninitCall(CallArg<Args>..., void*) {
+    throw_exception<std::bad_function_call>();
+  }
+
+  template <
+      typename Fun,
+      std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer<Fun>::value, int> = 0>
+  static ReturnType call(CallArg<Args>... args, void* object) {
+    using Pointer = std::add_pointer_t<Fun>;
+    return static_cast<ReturnType>(invoke(
+        static_cast<Fun&&>(*static_cast<Pointer>(object)),
+        static_cast<Args&&>(args)...));
+  }
+  template <
+      typename Fun,
+      std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<Fun>::value, int> = 0>
+  static ReturnType call(CallArg<Args>... args, void* object) {
+    return static_cast<ReturnType>(
+        invoke(reinterpret_cast<Fun>(object), static_cast<Args&&>(args)...));
+  }
+
+  void* object_{nullptr};
+  Call call_{&FunctionRef::uninitCall};
+
+ public:
+  /**
+   * Default constructor. Constructs an empty FunctionRef.
+   *
+   * Invoking it will throw std::bad_function_call.
+   */
+  constexpr FunctionRef() = default;
+
+  /**
+   * Like default constructor. Constructs an empty FunctionRef.
+   *
+   * Invoking it will throw std::bad_function_call.
+   */
+  constexpr explicit FunctionRef(std::nullptr_t) noexcept {}
+
+  /**
+   * Construct a FunctionRef from a reference to a callable object. If the
+   * callable is considered to be an empty callable, the FunctionRef will be
+   * empty.
+   */
+  template <
+      typename Fun,
+      std::enable_if_t<
+          Conjunction<
+              Negation<std::is_same<FunctionRef, std::decay_t<Fun>>>,
+              is_invocable_r<ReturnType, Fun&&, Args&&...>>::value,
+          int> = 0>
+  constexpr /* implicit */ FunctionRef(Fun&& fun) noexcept {
+    // `Fun` may be a const type, in which case we have to do a const_cast
+    // to store the address in a `void*`. This is safe because the `void*`
+    // will be cast back to `Fun*` (which is a const pointer whenever `Fun`
+    // is a const type) inside `FunctionRef::call`
+    auto& ref = fun; // work around forwarding lint advice
+    if constexpr ( //
+        detail::function::IsNullptrCompatible<std::decay_t<Fun>>) {
+      if (detail::function::isEmptyFunction(fun)) {
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    auto ptr = std::addressof(ref);
+    object_ = const_cast<void*>(static_cast<void const*>(ptr));
+    call_ = &FunctionRef::template call<Fun>;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a FunctionRef from a pointer to a function. If the
+   * pointer is nullptr, the FunctionRef will be empty.
+   */
+  template <
+      typename Fun,
+      std::enable_if_t<std::is_function<Fun>::value, int> = 0,
+      std::enable_if_t<is_invocable_r_v<ReturnType, Fun&, Args&&...>, int> = 0>
+  constexpr /* implicit */ FunctionRef(Fun* fun) noexcept {
+    if (fun) {
+      object_ = const_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<void const*>(fun));
+      call_ = &FunctionRef::template call<Fun*>;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ReturnType operator()(Args... args) const {
+    return call_(static_cast<Args&&>(args)..., object_);
+  }
+
+  constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept { return object_; }
+
+  constexpr friend bool operator==(
+      FunctionRef<ReturnType(Args...)> ref, std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
+    return ref.object_ == nullptr;
+  }
+  constexpr friend bool operator!=(
+      FunctionRef<ReturnType(Args...)> ref, std::nullptr_t) noexcept {
+    return ref.object_ != nullptr;
+  }
+
+  constexpr friend bool operator==(
+      std::nullptr_t, FunctionRef<ReturnType(Args...)> ref) noexcept {
+    return ref.object_ == nullptr;
+  }
+  constexpr friend bool operator!=(
+      std::nullptr_t, FunctionRef<ReturnType(Args...)> ref) noexcept {
+    return ref.object_ != nullptr;
+  }
+};
+
+} // namespace folly