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+# Nature Machine Intelligence submission requirements
+
+Canonical, stage-aware rules for manuscripts submitted to **Nature Machine
+Intelligence** (`NMI`; route key `nat-mach-intell`). This file contains the
+journal facts. A requesting skill supplies its own drafting, polishing, figure,
+data or statistics action layer.
+
+Do not substitute the flagship *Nature* or *Nature Communications* limits.
+When an editor gives manuscript-specific instructions, those instructions take
+priority over this public-page snapshot.
+
+## Contents
+
+1. Authority and stage gate
+2. Editorial scope and article types
+3. Article and Analysis contract
+4. Other content types
+5. Initial-submission package
+6. Writing, structure and accessibility
+7. Cover letter, review mode and related work
+8. Data, code and reporting standards
+9. Figures, Extended Data and Supplementary Information
+10. Accepted-in-principle production contract
+11. Requirements not stated as fixed numbers
+12. Official sources
+
+## 1. Authority and stage gate
+
+Record the active stage before applying a rule:
+
+- `initial_submission`: before the first editorial decision. A complete,
+  reviewable manuscript is required, but no special house formatting is
+  required.
+- `revision`: after peer review. Follow the handling editor's instructions in
+  addition to the public guide and preserve a point-by-point response record.
+- `accepted_in_principle`: supply editable text, production-quality figures,
+  final declarations, supporting-information inventory and requested forms.
+- `proof`: correct production errors only; do not silently introduce a new
+  scientific claim or analysis.
+
+Do not block an initial submission for missing final-production typography,
+editable source artwork, final table placement or ORCID linking. Do block or
+flag an initial package that lacks required scientific content, a cover letter,
+required availability statements, disclosed overlap or review access to data
+and central custom code.
+
+## 2. Editorial scope and article types
+
+### Scope fit
+
+The journal considers high-quality original research and reviews across
+machine learning, robotics and artificial intelligence, including the broader
+scientific, societal and industrial effects of these technologies. It aims to
+support dialogue across disciplines, so a technically strong paper still needs
+an intelligible question, consequence and audience beyond one narrow benchmark
+community.
+
+For an original-research **Article**, verify that the work presents substantial
+novel research and a complex, well-supported story. Several techniques or
+approaches may be needed, but method count is not a substitute for scientific
+importance, validation or scope fit.
+
+### Supported content types
+
+The public content-type guide includes:
+
+- Article
+- Analysis
+- Review Article
+- Perspective
+- Correspondence
+- Comment
+- Reusability Report
+
+Primary research is normally eligible for either subscription publication or
+Gold open access. Non-primary content types are not normally eligible for Gold
+open access and should not be used to smuggle in new primary findings; only
+minimal supporting data are appropriate where the content type permits them.
+
+## 3. Article and Analysis contract
+
+### Article limits
+
+| Item | Current NMI requirement |
+|---|---|
+| Main text | up to **3,500 words** |
+| Excluded from main-text count | abstract, Methods, references and figure legends |
+| Abstract | up to **150 words**, unreferenced |
+| Display items | up to **6** figures and tables combined |
+| References | typically up to **50** |
+| Supplementary Information | permitted when relevant |
+
+### Analysis limits
+
+| Item | Current NMI requirement |
+|---|---|
+| Main text | up to **3,500 words** |
+| Excluded from main-text count | abstract, online Methods, references and figure legends |
+| Abstract | **100–150 words**, unreferenced |
+| Display items | up to **6** figures and tables combined |
+| References | typically up to **50** |
+
+### Article and Analysis structure
+
+Use this sequence unless the editor authorizes a justified variant:
+
+1. Introduction, without an `Introduction` heading
+2. Results
+3. Discussion
+4. Methods
+
+Results and Methods may use short topical subheadings. Discussion should not
+use subheadings. The Methods section should be concise but contain enough
+detail for interpretation and replication; original research publishes Methods
+online.
+
+Treat the six-item display allowance as a combined figure-plus-table budget.
+Plan the evidence hierarchy before drafting rather than shrinking essential
+validation into unreadable composite panels.
+
+## 4. Other content types
+
+| Content type | Length | Displays | References | Key boundary |
+|---|---:|---:|---:|---|
+| Review Article | **3,000–4,000 words** | illustrations strongly encouraged | up to **100** | synthesize a field; annotations are encouraged for the most important references, normally no more than 10% of the list |
+| Perspective | **3,000–4,000 words** | as justified | up to **100** | present a scholarly, forward-looking viewpoint rather than a disguised original Article |
+| Correspondence | **500–1,000 words** | up to **1** | up to **10** | should not contain research data or analysis |
+| Comment | **1,500–2,000 words** | as justified | up to **15** | should not be a normal primary-research report |
+| Reusability Report | follow the Article format | follow the Article format | follow the Article format | evaluate robustness or reusability of existing code rather than merely announcing software |
+
+Do not infer an Article limit for an unlisted or commissioned format. Check the
+current content-type page or the commissioning editor's instructions.
+
+## 5. Initial-submission package
+
+### Accepted review formats
+
+At initial submission, NMI does not require special formatting if the material
+is complete and reviewable. The journal accepts:
+
+- PDF
+- Microsoft Word
+- TeX/LaTeX, submitted as a compiled PDF for review
+
+### Package inventory
+
+Prepare:
+
+- one complete manuscript file containing the Methods, figures and any
+  Extended Data used at review stage
+- a **cover letter**
+- Supplementary Information when needed for the conclusions, understanding or
+  replication
+
+The manuscript should include:
+
+- author names and affiliations, unless optional double-anonymized review is
+  selected
+- enough findings, methods and material detail for editorial and peer review
+- a complete reference list
+- optional Extended Data, within the ten-item limit
+
+Every figure, table, Extended Data item and supplementary item must be cited in
+the manuscript. Supporting information is sent to reviewers, so it must be
+reviewable and must not contain claims that the main text depends on but never
+states.
+
+## 6. Writing, structure and accessibility
+
+- Write for readers beyond the immediate machine-learning or application
+  subfield.
+- Make titles and abstracts intelligible to scientists outside the specialty.
+- Explain unavoidable jargon and define non-standard abbreviations at first
+  use; minimize abbreviations when plain language is shorter.
+- State the scientific or societal question, not only the architecture and
+  benchmark score.
+- Report quantitative evidence and important limitations without inflating
+  association, benchmark gain or simulation performance into general-world
+  effectiveness.
+- Keep Methods concise but reproducible. A numeric Methods word limit is not
+  stated on the current public NMI pages.
+
+For algorithmic papers, distinguish the contribution from parameter scaling,
+data leakage, additional supervision, compute advantages and benchmark-specific
+tuning. For deployed or societal claims, describe the population, setting,
+failure modes and transfer boundary.
+
+## 7. Cover letter, review mode and related work
+
+### Cover letter
+
+The initial package includes a cover letter. It should:
+
+- explain the work's importance and fit for NMI's diverse readership
+- disclose related manuscripts under consideration or in press
+- disclose any prior discussion of the work with an NMI editor
+- place author affiliations and contact details here when double-anonymized
+  review is selected
+- optionally recommend or oppose reviewers, giving a concise reason for an
+  exclusion request
+
+The cover letter is confidential and is not shown to reviewers. Do not repeat
+the abstract; use it to help the editor understand novelty, audience, overlap
+and any sensitive procedural context.
+
+### Double-anonymized peer review
+
+Double-anonymized review is optional. Authors who select it must:
+
+- remove identifying author and affiliation information from the manuscript
+- anonymize self-citations, acknowledgements, repository links and file
+  metadata where necessary without making the science uninterpretable
+- provide author information in the cover letter and submission system
+- select the double-anonymized option during submission
+
+The authors, not the journal, are responsible for effective anonymization.
+
+### Preprints, conference papers and overlapping work
+
+- A preprint is not treated as prior publication. Disclose it and provide its
+  DOI and licence where available; a preprint may be posted during review.
+- NMI may consider a journal manuscript extending a conference proceeding only
+  when the new submission **substantially extends** the results, methodology,
+  analysis, conclusions or implications. The editor decides whether the
+  extension is sufficient.
+- Cite and disclose the conference paper, identify the concrete extension and
+  obtain any reuse permission or attribution required for text, figures or
+  tables.
+- Disclose and supply related manuscripts with overlapping authors that are
+  under consideration or in press.
+- Do not submit work with significant overlap simultaneously to another
+  journal.
+
+NMI does **not** consider presubmission enquiries. Prepare the full initial
+submission instead.
+
+## 8. Data, code and reporting standards
+
+### Data Availability
+
+Every original-research manuscript needs a Data Availability statement that
+maps each supporting dataset to an access route. At initial submission:
+
+- give repository names, persistent identifiers or accession numbers when
+  available
+- prefer recognized repositories for large or reusable datasets instead of
+  burying them in Supplementary Information
+- make supporting data available to editors and reviewers on request
+- disclose legal, ethical, privacy, commercial, controlled-access,
+  third-party or proprietary restrictions at submission and describe the
+  access procedure precisely in the manuscript
+- avoid an unqualified `available upon request` statement
+
+### Code Availability
+
+Place a separate headed **Code availability** section after Data Availability
+and before the references. It must state how central custom code or algorithms
+can be accessed and describe any restrictions.
+
+For code central to the conclusions:
+
+- make it available to editors and reviewers during peer review
+- provide executable instructions, environment/dependency information and the
+  inputs needed to reproduce key results
+- prefer a DOI-minting repository such as Zenodo or Code Ocean and an
+  Open Source Initiative-approved licence when release is possible
+- expect the central code to be peer reviewed
+- complete the **Software Submission Checklist** when newly developed code is
+  central to the paper
+
+Never invent a repository, DOI, licence, access condition or software version.
+Route repository and statement drafting to `nature-data` and statistical
+completeness to `nature-statistics`.
+
+### Reporting and protocols
+
+- Complete the appropriate Nature Portfolio reporting summary when the study
+  type or field requires one, including relevant life, behavioural, social,
+  ecological and specified physical-science routes.
+- Apply study-type standards such as CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA or ARRIVE when
+  applicable.
+- Sharing step-by-step protocols through a persistent protocol platform is
+  encouraged; cite the protocol in Methods.
+- Apply `../core/research-compliance.md` to human, animal, clinical, image,
+  structure, chemistry, taxonomy and provenance-sensitive work.
+
+### AI-assisted writing
+
+- A large language model cannot be an author.
+- Human authors remain responsible for the manuscript.
+- Disclose substantive LLM use in Methods or another suitable section.
+- Pure AI-assisted copy editing does not require a declaration under the
+  current Nature Portfolio policy.
+- Apply the confidentiality and non-invention rules in `../core/ethics.md`.
+
+## 9. Figures, Extended Data and Supplementary Information
+
+### Initial submission
+
+- Figures must be legible and assessable by reviewers; final production files
+  are not required at this stage.
+- Use no more than **6** main display items for an Article or Analysis, counting
+  figures and tables together.
+- Use no more than **10** Extended Data figures and tables combined.
+- Cite every Extended Data item in the main text.
+
+### Legend content
+
+Each legend should begin with a brief title and then describe the panels. It
+should define:
+
+- visual encodings and panel labels
+- centre and error-bar definitions
+- the exact `n` and unit of analysis
+- statistical tests, sidedness, corrections and exact P-value policy where
+  applicable
+- scale bars and necessary sample identifiers
+
+Avoid placing a second Methods section in the legend. The current live NMI AIP
+page says that a legend should not exceed the word limit of the article type,
+but the current Content Types page does **not** assign a separate numeric limit
+to each figure legend.
+
+The official NMI brief submission guide revised 9 July 2018 explicitly said to
+keep each figure legend below **300 English words**. Because that number is not
+repeated on the current live pages, treat it as a **historical advisory ceiling**,
+not as a current journal hard limit.
+
+Use this operating guardrail unless the live submission system or handling
+editor gives a newer instruction:
+
+- count the title and all panel descriptions as **one whole-figure legend**;
+  300 words is not a per-panel allowance
+- aim for **150–250 English words** for an ordinary multi-panel legend
+- keep the complete legend below **300 English words** as a conservative
+  preflight ceiling
+- move expendable methodological detail to Methods or Supplementary
+  Information, but retain the `n`, uncertainty and statistical information
+  needed to interpret the figure
+
+### Supplementary Information
+
+- Keep SI relevant to the conclusions, understanding or replication.
+- Number Supplementary figures and tables separately from main and Extended
+  Data items.
+- Make each Supplementary figure plus legend fit on one PDF page.
+- Cite every supplementary item in the manuscript.
+- Combine simple SI into one PDF; provide complex tables or datasets as Excel
+  or CSV, and software packages as ZIP or TAR where appropriate.
+
+## 10. Accepted-in-principle production contract
+
+Apply these only after the editor requests final files:
+
+### Text and tables
+
+- Submit editable Microsoft Word or TeX/LaTeX source; PDF is not accepted as
+  the final manuscript source.
+- Place tables at the end of the manuscript; complex tables may be supplied in
+  Excel.
+- Number references sequentially and include DOI-bearing data and code records
+  in the reference list where cited.
+- Do not use footnotes.
+- Use short bold Methods headings.
+- Keep acknowledgements brief, do not thank anonymous reviewers or editors,
+  and provide the funding statement separately.
+- Link the corresponding authors' ORCID records before final acceptance when
+  requested.
+
+### Figure production
+
+- Cite figures in sequential order.
+- Supply figure panels at **at least 300 dpi** and no more than **180 mm** wide.
+- Use editable **5–7 pt sans-serif** labels and Symbol for Greek characters.
+- Use scale bars instead of magnification and define them in the legend.
+- Keep labels, scale bars and error bars editable rather than flattened into a
+  raster when the production workflow permits.
+- Provide source data. Full unprocessed gels or blots are required for relevant
+  figures, and statistical source data should be organized by figure, normally
+  in an Excel workbook.
+
+### Extended Data and supporting-information inventory
+
+- Keep the combined Extended Data total at no more than **10**.
+- Fit each Extended Data figure or table on one PDF page.
+- Cite each item in the main text and include its legend in the Inventory of
+  Supporting Information.
+- Finalize the SI numbering, citations, file formats and inventory before
+  upload.
+
+## 11. Requirements not stated as fixed numbers
+
+The current official NMI pages reviewed for this contract do not publish:
+
+- a fixed title character or word limit
+- a separate numeric Methods word limit
+- a current separate numeric per-figure-legend word limit; the older official
+  2018 guide's below-300-word instruction is retained only as an advisory
+  preflight ceiling
+
+Do not borrow numbers from flagship *Nature*, *Nature Communications* or a
+third-party checklist. Do not present NMI's historical below-300-word figure-
+legend instruction as a current hard limit. Write concisely, then follow any
+new editor- or submission-system instruction at the active stage.
+
+Open-access article-processing charges and currencies can change. If the author
+asks for cost planning, check the live Publishing Options page instead of
+treating a stored price as a submission rule.
+
+## 12. Official sources
+
+Current pages verified **2026-08-14**:
+
+- Submission guidelines: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/submission-guidelines>
+- Content types: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/content>
+- Preparing your submission: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/submission-guidelines/preparing-your-submission>
+- Initial formatting: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/submission-guidelines/initial-formatting>
+- Writing and language: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/submission-guidelines/writing-and-language>
+- Accepted-in-principle and formatting: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/submission-guidelines/aip-and-formatting>
+- Double-anonymized peer review: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/submission-guidelines/dapr>
+- Editorial policies: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/editorial-policies>
+- Reporting standards, data and code: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/editorial-policies/reporting-standards>
+- Preprints and conference proceedings: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/editorial-policies/preprints-conference-proceedings>
+- Presubmission enquiries: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/submission-guidelines/presubmission-enquiries>
+- Aims and scope: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/aims>
+- Publishing options: <https://www.nature.com/natmachintell/submission-guidelines/publishing-options>
+
+Historical official source retained for conservative preflight only:
+
+- Brief guide for submission to Nature Machine Intelligence, revised 9 July
+  2018: <https://www.nature.com/documents/natmachintell-brief-submission-guide.pdf>