protobufjs 8.0.1 → 8.0.2

package/src/type.js

@@ -1,615 +1,625 @@
-"use strict";
-module.exports = Type;
-
-// extends Namespace
-var Namespace = require("./namespace");
-((Type.prototype = Object.create(Namespace.prototype)).constructor = Type).className = "Type";
-
-var Enum      = require("./enum"),
-    OneOf     = require("./oneof"),
-    Field     = require("./field"),
-    MapField  = require("./mapfield"),
-    Service   = require("./service"),
-    Message   = require("./message"),
-    Reader    = require("./reader"),
-    Writer    = require("./writer"),
-    util      = require("./util"),
-    encoder   = require("./encoder"),
-    decoder   = require("./decoder"),
-    verifier  = require("./verifier"),
-    converter = require("./converter"),
-    wrappers  = require("./wrappers");
-
-/**
- * Constructs a new reflected message type instance.
- * @classdesc Reflected message type.
- * @extends NamespaceBase
- * @constructor
- * @param {string} name Message name
- * @param {Object.<string,*>} [options] Declared options
- */
-function Type(name, options) {
-    name = name.replace(/\W/g, "");
-    Namespace.call(this, name, options);
-
-    /**
-     * Message fields.
-     * @type {Object.<string,Field>}
-     */
-    this.fields = {};  // toJSON, marker
-
-    /**
-     * Oneofs declared within this namespace, if any.
-     * @type {Object.<string,OneOf>}
-     */
-    this.oneofs = undefined; // toJSON
-
-    /**
-     * Extension ranges, if any.
-     * @type {number[][]}
-     */
-    this.extensions = undefined; // toJSON
-
-    /**
-     * Reserved ranges, if any.
-     * @type {Array.<number[]|string>}
-     */
-    this.reserved = undefined; // toJSON
-
-    /*?
-     * Whether this type is a legacy group.
-     * @type {boolean|undefined}
-     */
-    this.group = undefined; // toJSON
-
-    /**
-     * Cached fields by id.
-     * @type {Object.<number,Field>|null}
-     * @private
-     */
-    this._fieldsById = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Cached fields as an array.
-     * @type {Field[]|null}
-     * @private
-     */
-    this._fieldsArray = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Cached oneofs as an array.
-     * @type {OneOf[]|null}
-     * @private
-     */
-    this._oneofsArray = null;
-
-    /**
-     * Cached constructor.
-     * @type {Constructor<{}>}
-     * @private
-     */
-    this._ctor = null;
-}
-
-Object.defineProperties(Type.prototype, {
-
-    /**
-     * Message fields by id.
-     * @name Type#fieldsById
-     * @type {Object.<number,Field>}
-     * @readonly
-     */
-    fieldsById: {
-        get: function() {
-
-            /* istanbul ignore if */
-            if (this._fieldsById)
-                return this._fieldsById;
-
-            this._fieldsById = {};
-            for (var names = Object.keys(this.fields), i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) {
-                var field = this.fields[names[i]],
-                    id = field.id;
-
-                /* istanbul ignore if */
-                if (this._fieldsById[id])
-                    throw Error("duplicate id " + id + " in " + this);
-
-                this._fieldsById[id] = field;
-            }
-            return this._fieldsById;
-        }
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Fields of this message as an array for iteration.
-     * @name Type#fieldsArray
-     * @type {Field[]}
-     * @readonly
-     */
-    fieldsArray: {
-        get: function() {
-            return this._fieldsArray || (this._fieldsArray = util.toArray(this.fields));
-        }
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * Oneofs of this message as an array for iteration.
-     * @name Type#oneofsArray
-     * @type {OneOf[]}
-     * @readonly
-     */
-    oneofsArray: {
-        get: function() {
-            return this._oneofsArray || (this._oneofsArray = util.toArray(this.oneofs));
-        }
-    },
-
-    /**
-     * The registered constructor, if any registered, otherwise a generic constructor.
-     * Assigning a function replaces the internal constructor. If the function does not extend {@link Message} yet, its prototype will be setup accordingly and static methods will be populated. If it already extends {@link Message}, it will just replace the internal constructor.
-     * @name Type#ctor
-     * @type {Constructor<{}>}
-     */
-    ctor: {
-        get: function() {
-            return this._ctor || (this.ctor = Type.generateConstructor(this)());
-        },
-        set: function(ctor) {
-
-            // Ensure proper prototype
-            var prototype = ctor.prototype;
-            if (!(prototype instanceof Message)) {
-                (ctor.prototype = new Message()).constructor = ctor;
-                util.merge(ctor.prototype, prototype);
-            }
-
-            // Classes and messages reference their reflected type
-            ctor.$type = ctor.prototype.$type = this;
-
-            // Mix in static methods
-            util.merge(ctor, Message, true);
-
-            this._ctor = ctor;
-
-            // Messages have non-enumerable default values on their prototype
-            var i = 0;
-            for (; i < /* initializes */ this.fieldsArray.length; ++i)
-                this._fieldsArray[i].resolve(); // ensures a proper value
-
-            // Messages have non-enumerable getters and setters for each virtual oneof field
-            var ctorProperties = {};
-            for (i = 0; i < /* initializes */ this.oneofsArray.length; ++i)
-                ctorProperties[this._oneofsArray[i].resolve().name] = {
-                    get: util.oneOfGetter(this._oneofsArray[i].oneof),
-                    set: util.oneOfSetter(this._oneofsArray[i].oneof)
-                };
-            if (i)
-                Object.defineProperties(ctor.prototype, ctorProperties);
-        }
-    }
-});
-
-/**
- * Generates a constructor function for the specified type.
- * @param {Type} mtype Message type
- * @returns {Codegen} Codegen instance
- */
-Type.generateConstructor = function generateConstructor(mtype) {
-    /* eslint-disable no-unexpected-multiline */
-    var gen = util.codegen(["p"], mtype.name);
-    // explicitly initialize mutable object/array fields so that these aren't just inherited from the prototype
-    for (var i = 0, field; i < mtype.fieldsArray.length; ++i)
-        if ((field = mtype._fieldsArray[i]).map) gen
-            ("this%s={}", util.safeProp(field.name));
-        else if (field.repeated) gen
-            ("this%s=[]", util.safeProp(field.name));
-    return gen
-    ("if(p)for(var ks=Object.keys(p),i=0;i<ks.length;++i)if(p[ks[i]]!=null)") // omit undefined or null
-        ("this[ks[i]]=p[ks[i]]");
-    /* eslint-enable no-unexpected-multiline */
-};
-
-function clearCache(type) {
-    type._fieldsById = type._fieldsArray = type._oneofsArray = null;
-    delete type.encode;
-    delete type.decode;
-    delete type.verify;
-    return type;
-}
-
-/**
- * Message type descriptor.
- * @interface IType
- * @extends INamespace
- * @property {Object.<string,IOneOf>} [oneofs] Oneof descriptors
- * @property {Object.<string,IField>} fields Field descriptors
- * @property {number[][]} [extensions] Extension ranges
- * @property {Array.<number[]|string>} [reserved] Reserved ranges
- * @property {boolean} [group=false] Whether a legacy group or not
- */
-
-/**
- * Creates a message type from a message type descriptor.
- * @param {string} name Message name
- * @param {IType} json Message type descriptor
- * @returns {Type} Created message type
- */
-Type.fromJSON = function fromJSON(name, json) {
-    var type = new Type(name, json.options);
-    type.extensions = json.extensions;
-    type.reserved = json.reserved;
-    var names = Object.keys(json.fields),
-        i = 0;
-    for (; i < names.length; ++i)
-        type.add(
-            ( typeof json.fields[names[i]].keyType !== "undefined"
-            ? MapField.fromJSON
-            : Field.fromJSON )(names[i], json.fields[names[i]])
-        );
-    if (json.oneofs)
-        for (names = Object.keys(json.oneofs), i = 0; i < names.length; ++i)
-            type.add(OneOf.fromJSON(names[i], json.oneofs[names[i]]));
-    if (json.nested)
-        for (names = Object.keys(json.nested), i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) {
-            var nested = json.nested[names[i]];
-            type.add( // most to least likely
-                ( nested.id !== undefined
-                ? Field.fromJSON
-                : nested.fields !== undefined
-                ? Type.fromJSON
-                : nested.values !== undefined
-                ? Enum.fromJSON
-                : nested.methods !== undefined
-                ? Service.fromJSON
-                : Namespace.fromJSON )(names[i], nested)
-            );
-        }
-    if (json.extensions && json.extensions.length)
-        type.extensions = json.extensions;
-    if (json.reserved && json.reserved.length)
-        type.reserved = json.reserved;
-    if (json.group)
-        type.group = true;
-    if (json.comment)
-        type.comment = json.comment;
-    if (json.edition)
-        type._edition = json.edition;
-    type._defaultEdition = "proto3";  // For backwards-compatibility.
-    return type;
-};
-
-/**
- * Converts this message type to a message type descriptor.
- * @param {IToJSONOptions} [toJSONOptions] JSON conversion options
- * @returns {IType} Message type descriptor
- */
-Type.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON(toJSONOptions) {
-    var inherited = Namespace.prototype.toJSON.call(this, toJSONOptions);
-    var keepComments = toJSONOptions ? Boolean(toJSONOptions.keepComments) : false;
-    return util.toObject([
-        "edition"    , this._editionToJSON(),
-        "options"    , inherited && inherited.options || undefined,
-        "oneofs"     , Namespace.arrayToJSON(this.oneofsArray, toJSONOptions),
-        "fields"     , Namespace.arrayToJSON(this.fieldsArray.filter(function(obj) { return !obj.declaringField; }), toJSONOptions) || {},
-        "extensions" , this.extensions && this.extensions.length ? this.extensions : undefined,
-        "reserved"   , this.reserved && this.reserved.length ? this.reserved : undefined,
-        "group"      , this.group || undefined,
-        "nested"     , inherited && inherited.nested || undefined,
-        "comment"    , keepComments ? this.comment : undefined
-    ]);
-};
-
-/**
- * @override
- */
-Type.prototype.resolveAll = function resolveAll() {
-    if (!this._needsRecursiveResolve) return this;
-
-    Namespace.prototype.resolveAll.call(this);
-    var oneofs = this.oneofsArray; i = 0;
-    while (i < oneofs.length)
-        oneofs[i++].resolve();
-    var fields = this.fieldsArray, i = 0;
-    while (i < fields.length)
-        fields[i++].resolve();
-    return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * @override
- */
-Type.prototype._resolveFeaturesRecursive = function _resolveFeaturesRecursive(edition) {
-    if (!this._needsRecursiveFeatureResolution) return this;
-
-    edition = this._edition || edition;
-
-    Namespace.prototype._resolveFeaturesRecursive.call(this, edition);
-    this.oneofsArray.forEach(oneof => {
-        oneof._resolveFeatures(edition);
-    });
-    this.fieldsArray.forEach(field => {
-        field._resolveFeatures(edition);
-    });
-    return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * @override
- */
-Type.prototype.get = function get(name) {
-    return this.fields[name]
-        || this.oneofs && this.oneofs[name]
-        || this.nested && this.nested[name]
-        || null;
-};
-
-/**
- * Adds a nested object to this type.
- * @param {ReflectionObject} object Nested object to add
- * @returns {Type} `this`
- * @throws {TypeError} If arguments are invalid
- * @throws {Error} If there is already a nested object with this name or, if a field, when there is already a field with this id
- */
-Type.prototype.add = function add(object) {
-
-    if (this.get(object.name))
-        throw Error("duplicate name '" + object.name + "' in " + this);
-
-    if (object instanceof Field && object.extend === undefined) {
-        // NOTE: Extension fields aren't actual fields on the declaring type, but nested objects.
-        // The root object takes care of adding distinct sister-fields to the respective extended
-        // type instead.
-
-        // avoids calling the getter if not absolutely necessary because it's called quite frequently
-        if (this._fieldsById ? /* istanbul ignore next */ this._fieldsById[object.id] : this.fieldsById[object.id])
-            throw Error("duplicate id " + object.id + " in " + this);
-        if (this.isReservedId(object.id))
-            throw Error("id " + object.id + " is reserved in " + this);
-        if (this.isReservedName(object.name))
-            throw Error("name '" + object.name + "' is reserved in " + this);
-
-        if (object.parent)
-            object.parent.remove(object);
-        this.fields[object.name] = object;
-        object.message = this;
-        object.onAdd(this);
-        return clearCache(this);
-    }
-    if (object instanceof OneOf) {
-        if (!this.oneofs)
-            this.oneofs = {};
-        this.oneofs[object.name] = object;
-        object.onAdd(this);
-        return clearCache(this);
-    }
-    return Namespace.prototype.add.call(this, object);
-};
-
-/**
- * Removes a nested object from this type.
- * @param {ReflectionObject} object Nested object to remove
- * @returns {Type} `this`
- * @throws {TypeError} If arguments are invalid
- * @throws {Error} If `object` is not a member of this type
- */
-Type.prototype.remove = function remove(object) {
-    if (object instanceof Field && object.extend === undefined) {
-        // See Type#add for the reason why extension fields are excluded here.
-
-        /* istanbul ignore if */
-        if (!this.fields || this.fields[object.name] !== object)
-            throw Error(object + " is not a member of " + this);
-
-        delete this.fields[object.name];
-        object.parent = null;
-        object.onRemove(this);
-        return clearCache(this);
-    }
-    if (object instanceof OneOf) {
-
-        /* istanbul ignore if */
-        if (!this.oneofs || this.oneofs[object.name] !== object)
-            throw Error(object + " is not a member of " + this);
-
-        delete this.oneofs[object.name];
-        object.parent = null;
-        object.onRemove(this);
-        return clearCache(this);
-    }
-    return Namespace.prototype.remove.call(this, object);
-};
-
-/**
- * Tests if the specified id is reserved.
- * @param {number} id Id to test
- * @returns {boolean} `true` if reserved, otherwise `false`
- */
-Type.prototype.isReservedId = function isReservedId(id) {
-    return Namespace.isReservedId(this.reserved, id);
-};
-
-/**
- * Tests if the specified name is reserved.
- * @param {string} name Name to test
- * @returns {boolean} `true` if reserved, otherwise `false`
- */
-Type.prototype.isReservedName = function isReservedName(name) {
-    return Namespace.isReservedName(this.reserved, name);
-};
-
-/**
- * Creates a new message of this type using the specified properties.
- * @param {Object.<string,*>} [properties] Properties to set
- * @returns {Message<{}>} Message instance
- */
-Type.prototype.create = function create(properties) {
-    return new this.ctor(properties);
-};
-
-/**
- * Sets up {@link Type#encode|encode}, {@link Type#decode|decode} and {@link Type#verify|verify}.
- * @returns {Type} `this`
- */
-Type.prototype.setup = function setup() {
-    // Sets up everything at once so that the prototype chain does not have to be re-evaluated
-    // multiple times (V8, soft-deopt prototype-check).
-
-    var fullName = this.fullName,
-        types    = [];
-    for (var i = 0; i < /* initializes */ this.fieldsArray.length; ++i)
-        types.push(this._fieldsArray[i].resolve().resolvedType);
-
-    // Replace setup methods with type-specific generated functions
-    this.encode = encoder(this)({
-        Writer : Writer,
-        types  : types,
-        util   : util
-    });
-    this.decode = decoder(this)({
-        Reader : Reader,
-        types  : types,
-        util   : util
-    });
-    this.verify = verifier(this)({
-        types : types,
-        util  : util
-    });
-    this.fromObject = converter.fromObject(this)({
-        types : types,
-        util  : util
-    });
-    this.toObject = converter.toObject(this)({
-        types : types,
-        util  : util
-    });
-
-    // Inject custom wrappers for common types
-    var wrapper = wrappers[fullName];
-    if (wrapper) {
-        var originalThis = Object.create(this);
-        // if (wrapper.fromObject) {
-            originalThis.fromObject = this.fromObject;
-            this.fromObject = wrapper.fromObject.bind(originalThis);
-        // }
-        // if (wrapper.toObject) {
-            originalThis.toObject = this.toObject;
-            this.toObject = wrapper.toObject.bind(originalThis);
-        // }
-    }
-
-    return this;
-};
-
-/**
- * Encodes a message of this type. Does not implicitly {@link Type#verify|verify} messages.
- * @param {Message<{}>|Object.<string,*>} message Message instance or plain object
- * @param {Writer} [writer] Writer to encode to
- * @returns {Writer} writer
- */
-Type.prototype.encode = function encode_setup(message, writer) {
-    return this.setup().encode(message, writer); // overrides this method
-};
-
-/**
- * Encodes a message of this type preceeded by its byte length as a varint. Does not implicitly {@link Type#verify|verify} messages.
- * @param {Message<{}>|Object.<string,*>} message Message instance or plain object
- * @param {Writer} [writer] Writer to encode to
- * @returns {Writer} writer
- */
-Type.prototype.encodeDelimited = function encodeDelimited(message, writer) {
-    return this.encode(message, writer && writer.len ? writer.fork() : writer).ldelim();
-};
-
-/**
- * Decodes a message of this type.
- * @param {Reader|Uint8Array} reader Reader or buffer to decode from
- * @param {number} [length] Length of the message, if known beforehand
- * @returns {Message<{}>} Decoded message
- * @throws {Error} If the payload is not a reader or valid buffer
- * @throws {util.ProtocolError<{}>} If required fields are missing
- */
-Type.prototype.decode = function decode_setup(reader, length) {
-    return this.setup().decode(reader, length); // overrides this method
-};
-
-/**
- * Decodes a message of this type preceeded by its byte length as a varint.
- * @param {Reader|Uint8Array} reader Reader or buffer to decode from
- * @returns {Message<{}>} Decoded message
- * @throws {Error} If the payload is not a reader or valid buffer
- * @throws {util.ProtocolError} If required fields are missing
- */
-Type.prototype.decodeDelimited = function decodeDelimited(reader) {
-    if (!(reader instanceof Reader))
-        reader = Reader.create(reader);
-    return this.decode(reader, reader.uint32());
-};
-
-/**
- * Verifies that field values are valid and that required fields are present.
- * @param {Object.<string,*>} message Plain object to verify
- * @returns {null|string} `null` if valid, otherwise the reason why it is not
- */
-Type.prototype.verify = function verify_setup(message) {
-    return this.setup().verify(message); // overrides this method
-};
-
-/**
- * Creates a new message of this type from a plain object. Also converts values to their respective internal types.
- * @param {Object.<string,*>} object Plain object to convert
- * @returns {Message<{}>} Message instance
- */
-Type.prototype.fromObject = function fromObject(object) {
-    return this.setup().fromObject(object);
-};
-
-/**
- * Conversion options as used by {@link Type#toObject} and {@link Message.toObject}.
- * @interface IConversionOptions
- * @property {Function} [longs] Long conversion type.
- * Valid values are `String` and `Number` (the global types).
- * Defaults to copy the present value, which is a possibly unsafe number without and a {@link Long} with a long library.
- * @property {Function} [enums] Enum value conversion type.
- * Only valid value is `String` (the global type).
- * Defaults to copy the present value, which is the numeric id.
- * @property {Function} [bytes] Bytes value conversion type.
- * Valid values are `Array` and (a base64 encoded) `String` (the global types).
- * Defaults to copy the present value, which usually is a Buffer under node and an Uint8Array in the browser.
- * @property {boolean} [defaults=false] Also sets default values on the resulting object
- * @property {boolean} [arrays=false] Sets empty arrays for missing repeated fields even if `defaults=false`
- * @property {boolean} [objects=false] Sets empty objects for missing map fields even if `defaults=false`
- * @property {boolean} [oneofs=false] Includes virtual oneof properties set to the present field's name, if any
- * @property {boolean} [json=false] Performs additional JSON compatibility conversions, i.e. NaN and Infinity to strings
- */
-
-/**
- * Creates a plain object from a message of this type. Also converts values to other types if specified.
- * @param {Message<{}>} message Message instance
- * @param {IConversionOptions} [options] Conversion options
- * @returns {Object.<string,*>} Plain object
- */
-Type.prototype.toObject = function toObject(message, options) {
-    return this.setup().toObject(message, options);
-};
-
-/**
- * Decorator function as returned by {@link Type.d} (TypeScript).
- * @typedef TypeDecorator
- * @type {function}
- * @param {Constructor<T>} target Target constructor
- * @returns {undefined}
- * @template T extends Message<T>
- */
-
-/**
- * Type decorator (TypeScript).
- * @param {string} [typeName] Type name, defaults to the constructor's name
- * @returns {TypeDecorator<T>} Decorator function
- * @template T extends Message<T>
- */
-Type.d = function decorateType(typeName) {
-    return function typeDecorator(target) {
-        util.decorateType(target, typeName);
-    };
-};
+"use strict";
+module.exports = Type;
+
+// extends Namespace
+var Namespace = require("./namespace");
+((Type.prototype = Object.create(Namespace.prototype)).constructor = Type).className = "Type";
+
+var Enum      = require("./enum"),
+    OneOf     = require("./oneof"),
+    Field     = require("./field"),
+    MapField  = require("./mapfield"),
+    Service   = require("./service"),
+    Message   = require("./message"),
+    Reader    = require("./reader"),
+    Writer    = require("./writer"),
+    util      = require("./util"),
+    encoder   = require("./encoder"),
+    decoder   = require("./decoder"),
+    verifier  = require("./verifier"),
+    converter = require("./converter"),
+    wrappers  = require("./wrappers");
+
+/**
+ * Constructs a new reflected message type instance.
+ * @classdesc Reflected message type.
+ * @extends NamespaceBase
+ * @constructor
+ * @param {string} name Message name
+ * @param {Object.<string,*>} [options] Declared options
+ */
+function Type(name, options) {
+    name = name.replace(/\W/g, "");
+    Namespace.call(this, name, options);
+
+    /**
+     * Message fields.
+     * @type {Object.<string,Field>}
+     */
+    this.fields = {};  // toJSON, marker
+
+    /**
+     * Oneofs declared within this namespace, if any.
+     * @type {Object.<string,OneOf>}
+     */
+    this.oneofs = undefined; // toJSON
+
+    /**
+     * Extension ranges, if any.
+     * @type {number[][]}
+     */
+    this.extensions = undefined; // toJSON
+
+    /**
+     * Reserved ranges, if any.
+     * @type {Array.<number[]|string>}
+     */
+    this.reserved = undefined; // toJSON
+
+    /*?
+     * Whether this type is a legacy group.
+     * @type {boolean|undefined}
+     */
+    this.group = undefined; // toJSON
+
+    /**
+     * Cached fields by id.
+     * @type {Object.<number,Field>|null}
+     * @private
+     */
+    this._fieldsById = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Cached fields as an array.
+     * @type {Field[]|null}
+     * @private
+     */
+    this._fieldsArray = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Cached oneofs as an array.
+     * @type {OneOf[]|null}
+     * @private
+     */
+    this._oneofsArray = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Cached constructor.
+     * @type {Constructor<{}>}
+     * @private
+     */
+    this._ctor = null;
+}
+
+Object.defineProperties(Type.prototype, {
+
+    /**
+     * Message fields by id.
+     * @name Type#fieldsById
+     * @type {Object.<number,Field>}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    fieldsById: {
+        get: function() {
+
+            /* istanbul ignore if */
+            if (this._fieldsById)
+                return this._fieldsById;
+
+            this._fieldsById = {};
+            for (var names = Object.keys(this.fields), i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) {
+                var field = this.fields[names[i]],
+                    id = field.id;
+
+                /* istanbul ignore if */
+                if (this._fieldsById[id])
+                    throw Error("duplicate id " + id + " in " + this);
+
+                this._fieldsById[id] = field;
+            }
+            return this._fieldsById;
+        }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Fields of this message as an array for iteration.
+     * @name Type#fieldsArray
+     * @type {Field[]}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    fieldsArray: {
+        get: function() {
+            return this._fieldsArray || (this._fieldsArray = util.toArray(this.fields));
+        }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * Oneofs of this message as an array for iteration.
+     * @name Type#oneofsArray
+     * @type {OneOf[]}
+     * @readonly
+     */
+    oneofsArray: {
+        get: function() {
+            return this._oneofsArray || (this._oneofsArray = util.toArray(this.oneofs));
+        }
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * The registered constructor, if any registered, otherwise a generic constructor.
+     * Assigning a function replaces the internal constructor. If the function does not extend {@link Message} yet, its prototype will be setup accordingly and static methods will be populated. If it already extends {@link Message}, it will just replace the internal constructor.
+     * @name Type#ctor
+     * @type {Constructor<{}>}
+     */
+    ctor: {
+        get: function() {
+            return this._ctor || (this.ctor = Type.generateConstructor(this)());
+        },
+        set: function(ctor) {
+
+            // Ensure proper prototype
+            var prototype = ctor.prototype;
+            if (!(prototype instanceof Message)) {
+                (ctor.prototype = new Message()).constructor = ctor;
+                util.merge(ctor.prototype, prototype);
+            }
+
+            // Classes and messages reference their reflected type
+            ctor.$type = ctor.prototype.$type = this;
+
+            // Mix in static methods
+            util.merge(ctor, Message, true);
+
+            this._ctor = ctor;
+
+            // Messages have non-enumerable default values on their prototype
+            var i = 0;
+            for (; i < /* initializes */ this.fieldsArray.length; ++i)
+                this._fieldsArray[i].resolve(); // ensures a proper value
+
+            // Messages have non-enumerable getters and setters for each virtual oneof field
+            var ctorProperties = {};
+            for (i = 0; i < /* initializes */ this.oneofsArray.length; ++i)
+                ctorProperties[this._oneofsArray[i].resolve().name] = {
+                    get: util.oneOfGetter(this._oneofsArray[i].oneof),
+                    set: util.oneOfSetter(this._oneofsArray[i].oneof)
+                };
+            if (i)
+                Object.defineProperties(ctor.prototype, ctorProperties);
+        }
+    }
+});
+
+/**
+ * Generates a constructor function for the specified type.
+ * @param {Type} mtype Message type
+ * @returns {Codegen} Codegen instance
+ */
+Type.generateConstructor = function generateConstructor(mtype) {
+    /* eslint-disable no-unexpected-multiline */
+    var gen = util.codegen(["p"], mtype.name);
+    // explicitly initialize mutable object/array fields so that these aren't just inherited from the prototype
+    for (var i = 0, field; i < mtype.fieldsArray.length; ++i)
+        if ((field = mtype._fieldsArray[i]).map) gen
+            ("this%s={}", util.safeProp(field.name));
+        else if (field.repeated) gen
+            ("this%s=[]", util.safeProp(field.name));
+    return gen
+    ("if(p)for(var ks=Object.keys(p),i=0;i<ks.length;++i)if(p[ks[i]]!=null&&ks[i]!==\"__proto__\")") // omit undefined or null
+        ("this[ks[i]]=p[ks[i]]");
+    /* eslint-enable no-unexpected-multiline */
+};
+
+function clearCache(type) {
+    type._fieldsById = type._fieldsArray = type._oneofsArray = null;
+    delete type.encode;
+    delete type.decode;
+    delete type.verify;
+    return type;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Message type descriptor.
+ * @interface IType
+ * @extends INamespace
+ * @property {Object.<string,IOneOf>} [oneofs] Oneof descriptors
+ * @property {Object.<string,IField>} fields Field descriptors
+ * @property {number[][]} [extensions] Extension ranges
+ * @property {Array.<number[]|string>} [reserved] Reserved ranges
+ * @property {boolean} [group=false] Whether a legacy group or not
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Creates a message type from a message type descriptor.
+ * @param {string} name Message name
+ * @param {IType} json Message type descriptor
+ * @returns {Type} Created message type
+ */
+Type.fromJSON = function fromJSON(name, json) {
+    var type = new Type(name, json.options);
+    type.extensions = json.extensions;
+    type.reserved = json.reserved;
+    var names = Object.keys(json.fields),
+        i = 0;
+    for (; i < names.length; ++i)
+        type.add(
+            ( typeof json.fields[names[i]].keyType !== "undefined"
+            ? MapField.fromJSON
+            : Field.fromJSON )(names[i], json.fields[names[i]])
+        );
+    if (json.oneofs)
+        for (names = Object.keys(json.oneofs), i = 0; i < names.length; ++i)
+            type.add(OneOf.fromJSON(names[i], json.oneofs[names[i]]));
+    if (json.nested)
+        for (names = Object.keys(json.nested), i = 0; i < names.length; ++i) {
+            var nested = json.nested[names[i]];
+            type.add( // most to least likely
+                ( nested.id !== undefined
+                ? Field.fromJSON
+                : nested.fields !== undefined
+                ? Type.fromJSON
+                : nested.values !== undefined
+                ? Enum.fromJSON
+                : nested.methods !== undefined
+                ? Service.fromJSON
+                : Namespace.fromJSON )(names[i], nested)
+            );
+        }
+    if (json.extensions && json.extensions.length)
+        type.extensions = json.extensions;
+    if (json.reserved && json.reserved.length)
+        type.reserved = json.reserved;
+    if (json.group)
+        type.group = true;
+    if (json.comment)
+        type.comment = json.comment;
+    if (json.edition)
+        type._edition = json.edition;
+    type._defaultEdition = "proto3";  // For backwards-compatibility.
+    return type;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Converts this message type to a message type descriptor.
+ * @param {IToJSONOptions} [toJSONOptions] JSON conversion options
+ * @returns {IType} Message type descriptor
+ */
+Type.prototype.toJSON = function toJSON(toJSONOptions) {
+    var inherited = Namespace.prototype.toJSON.call(this, toJSONOptions);
+    var keepComments = toJSONOptions ? Boolean(toJSONOptions.keepComments) : false;
+    return util.toObject([
+        "edition"    , this._editionToJSON(),
+        "options"    , inherited && inherited.options || undefined,
+        "oneofs"     , Namespace.arrayToJSON(this.oneofsArray, toJSONOptions),
+        "fields"     , Namespace.arrayToJSON(this.fieldsArray.filter(function(obj) { return !obj.declaringField; }), toJSONOptions) || {},
+        "extensions" , this.extensions && this.extensions.length ? this.extensions : undefined,
+        "reserved"   , this.reserved && this.reserved.length ? this.reserved : undefined,
+        "group"      , this.group || undefined,
+        "nested"     , inherited && inherited.nested || undefined,
+        "comment"    , keepComments ? this.comment : undefined
+    ]);
+};
+
+/**
+ * @override
+ */
+Type.prototype.resolveAll = function resolveAll() {
+    if (!this._needsRecursiveResolve) return this;
+
+    Namespace.prototype.resolveAll.call(this);
+    var oneofs = this.oneofsArray; i = 0;
+    while (i < oneofs.length)
+        oneofs[i++].resolve();
+    var fields = this.fieldsArray, i = 0;
+    while (i < fields.length)
+        fields[i++].resolve();
+    return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @override
+ */
+Type.prototype._resolveFeaturesRecursive = function _resolveFeaturesRecursive(edition) {
+    if (!this._needsRecursiveFeatureResolution) return this;
+
+    edition = this._edition || edition;
+
+    Namespace.prototype._resolveFeaturesRecursive.call(this, edition);
+    this.oneofsArray.forEach(oneof => {
+        oneof._resolveFeatures(edition);
+    });
+    this.fieldsArray.forEach(field => {
+        field._resolveFeatures(edition);
+    });
+    return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @override
+ */
+Type.prototype.get = function get(name) {
+    if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.fields, name))
+        return this.fields[name];
+    if (this.oneofs && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.oneofs, name))
+        return this.oneofs[name];
+    if (this.nested && Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.nested, name))
+        return this.nested[name];
+    return null;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Adds a nested object to this type.
+ * @param {ReflectionObject} object Nested object to add
+ * @returns {Type} `this`
+ * @throws {TypeError} If arguments are invalid
+ * @throws {Error} If there is already a nested object with this name or, if a field, when there is already a field with this id
+ */
+Type.prototype.add = function add(object) {
+    if (this.get(object.name))
+        throw Error("duplicate name '" + object.name + "' in " + this);
+
+    if (object instanceof Field && object.extend === undefined) {
+        // NOTE: Extension fields aren't actual fields on the declaring type, but nested objects.
+        // The root object takes care of adding distinct sister-fields to the respective extended
+        // type instead.
+
+        // avoids calling the getter if not absolutely necessary because it's called quite frequently
+        if (this._fieldsById ? /* istanbul ignore next */ this._fieldsById[object.id] : this.fieldsById[object.id])
+            throw Error("duplicate id " + object.id + " in " + this);
+        if (this.isReservedId(object.id))
+            throw Error("id " + object.id + " is reserved in " + this);
+        if (this.isReservedName(object.name))
+            throw Error("name '" + object.name + "' is reserved in " + this);
+        if (object.name === "__proto__")
+            return this;
+
+        if (object.parent)
+            object.parent.remove(object);
+        this.fields[object.name] = object;
+        object.message = this;
+        object.onAdd(this);
+        return clearCache(this);
+    }
+    if (object instanceof OneOf) {
+        if (object.name === "__proto__")
+            return this;
+        if (!this.oneofs)
+            this.oneofs = {};
+        this.oneofs[object.name] = object;
+        object.onAdd(this);
+        return clearCache(this);
+    }
+    return Namespace.prototype.add.call(this, object);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Removes a nested object from this type.
+ * @param {ReflectionObject} object Nested object to remove
+ * @returns {Type} `this`
+ * @throws {TypeError} If arguments are invalid
+ * @throws {Error} If `object` is not a member of this type
+ */
+Type.prototype.remove = function remove(object) {
+    if (object instanceof Field && object.extend === undefined) {
+        // See Type#add for the reason why extension fields are excluded here.
+
+        /* istanbul ignore if */
+        if (!this.fields || this.fields[object.name] !== object)
+            throw Error(object + " is not a member of " + this);
+
+        delete this.fields[object.name];
+        object.parent = null;
+        object.onRemove(this);
+        return clearCache(this);
+    }
+    if (object instanceof OneOf) {
+
+        /* istanbul ignore if */
+        if (!this.oneofs || this.oneofs[object.name] !== object)
+            throw Error(object + " is not a member of " + this);
+
+        delete this.oneofs[object.name];
+        object.parent = null;
+        object.onRemove(this);
+        return clearCache(this);
+    }
+    return Namespace.prototype.remove.call(this, object);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Tests if the specified id is reserved.
+ * @param {number} id Id to test
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if reserved, otherwise `false`
+ */
+Type.prototype.isReservedId = function isReservedId(id) {
+    return Namespace.isReservedId(this.reserved, id);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Tests if the specified name is reserved.
+ * @param {string} name Name to test
+ * @returns {boolean} `true` if reserved, otherwise `false`
+ */
+Type.prototype.isReservedName = function isReservedName(name) {
+    return Namespace.isReservedName(this.reserved, name);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new message of this type using the specified properties.
+ * @param {Object.<string,*>} [properties] Properties to set
+ * @returns {Message<{}>} Message instance
+ */
+Type.prototype.create = function create(properties) {
+    return new this.ctor(properties);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Sets up {@link Type#encode|encode}, {@link Type#decode|decode} and {@link Type#verify|verify}.
+ * @returns {Type} `this`
+ */
+Type.prototype.setup = function setup() {
+    // Sets up everything at once so that the prototype chain does not have to be re-evaluated
+    // multiple times (V8, soft-deopt prototype-check).
+
+    var fullName = this.fullName,
+        types    = [];
+    for (var i = 0; i < /* initializes */ this.fieldsArray.length; ++i)
+        types.push(this._fieldsArray[i].resolve().resolvedType);
+
+    // Replace setup methods with type-specific generated functions
+    this.encode = encoder(this)({
+        Writer : Writer,
+        types  : types,
+        util   : util
+    });
+    this.decode = decoder(this)({
+        Reader : Reader,
+        types  : types,
+        util   : util
+    });
+    this.verify = verifier(this)({
+        types : types,
+        util  : util
+    });
+    this.fromObject = converter.fromObject(this)({
+        types : types,
+        util  : util
+    });
+    this.toObject = converter.toObject(this)({
+        types : types,
+        util  : util
+    });
+
+    // Inject custom wrappers for common types
+    var wrapper = wrappers[fullName];
+    if (wrapper) {
+        var originalThis = Object.create(this);
+        // if (wrapper.fromObject) {
+            originalThis.fromObject = this.fromObject;
+            this.fromObject = wrapper.fromObject.bind(originalThis);
+        // }
+        // if (wrapper.toObject) {
+            originalThis.toObject = this.toObject;
+            this.toObject = wrapper.toObject.bind(originalThis);
+        // }
+    }
+
+    return this;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a message of this type. Does not implicitly {@link Type#verify|verify} messages.
+ * @param {Message<{}>|Object.<string,*>} message Message instance or plain object
+ * @param {Writer} [writer] Writer to encode to
+ * @returns {Writer} writer
+ */
+Type.prototype.encode = function encode_setup(message, writer) {
+    return this.setup().encode(message, writer); // overrides this method
+};
+
+/**
+ * Encodes a message of this type preceeded by its byte length as a varint. Does not implicitly {@link Type#verify|verify} messages.
+ * @param {Message<{}>|Object.<string,*>} message Message instance or plain object
+ * @param {Writer} [writer] Writer to encode to
+ * @returns {Writer} writer
+ */
+Type.prototype.encodeDelimited = function encodeDelimited(message, writer) {
+    return this.encode(message, writer && writer.len ? writer.fork() : writer).ldelim();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Decodes a message of this type.
+ * @param {Reader|Uint8Array} reader Reader or buffer to decode from
+ * @param {number} [length] Length of the message, if known beforehand
+ * @param {number} [end] Expected group end tag, if decoding a group
+ * @param {number} [depth] Current nesting depth
+ * @returns {Message<{}>} Decoded message
+ * @throws {Error} If the payload is not a reader or valid buffer
+ * @throws {util.ProtocolError<{}>} If required fields are missing
+ */
+Type.prototype.decode = function decode_setup(reader, length, end, depth) {
+    return this.setup().decode(reader, length, end, depth); // overrides this method
+};
+
+/**
+ * Decodes a message of this type preceeded by its byte length as a varint.
+ * @param {Reader|Uint8Array} reader Reader or buffer to decode from
+ * @returns {Message<{}>} Decoded message
+ * @throws {Error} If the payload is not a reader or valid buffer
+ * @throws {util.ProtocolError} If required fields are missing
+ */
+Type.prototype.decodeDelimited = function decodeDelimited(reader) {
+    if (!(reader instanceof Reader))
+        reader = Reader.create(reader);
+    return this.decode(reader, reader.uint32());
+};
+
+/**
+ * Verifies that field values are valid and that required fields are present.
+ * @param {Object.<string,*>} message Plain object to verify
+ * @param {number} [depth] Current nesting depth
+ * @returns {null|string} `null` if valid, otherwise the reason why it is not
+ */
+Type.prototype.verify = function verify_setup(message, depth) {
+    return this.setup().verify(message, depth); // overrides this method
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a new message of this type from a plain object. Also converts values to their respective internal types.
+ * @param {Object.<string,*>} object Plain object to convert
+ * @param {number} [depth] Current nesting depth
+ * @returns {Message<{}>} Message instance
+ */
+Type.prototype.fromObject = function fromObject(object, depth) {
+    return this.setup().fromObject(object, depth);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Conversion options as used by {@link Type#toObject} and {@link Message.toObject}.
+ * @interface IConversionOptions
+ * @property {Function} [longs] Long conversion type.
+ * Valid values are `String` and `Number` (the global types).
+ * Defaults to copy the present value, which is a possibly unsafe number without and a {@link Long} with a long library.
+ * @property {Function} [enums] Enum value conversion type.
+ * Only valid value is `String` (the global type).
+ * Defaults to copy the present value, which is the numeric id.
+ * @property {Function} [bytes] Bytes value conversion type.
+ * Valid values are `Array` and (a base64 encoded) `String` (the global types).
+ * Defaults to copy the present value, which usually is a Buffer under node and an Uint8Array in the browser.
+ * @property {boolean} [defaults=false] Also sets default values on the resulting object
+ * @property {boolean} [arrays=false] Sets empty arrays for missing repeated fields even if `defaults=false`
+ * @property {boolean} [objects=false] Sets empty objects for missing map fields even if `defaults=false`
+ * @property {boolean} [oneofs=false] Includes virtual oneof properties set to the present field's name, if any
+ * @property {boolean} [json=false] Performs additional JSON compatibility conversions, i.e. NaN and Infinity to strings
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Creates a plain object from a message of this type. Also converts values to other types if specified.
+ * @param {Message<{}>} message Message instance
+ * @param {IConversionOptions} [options] Conversion options
+ * @returns {Object.<string,*>} Plain object
+ */
+Type.prototype.toObject = function toObject(message, options) {
+    return this.setup().toObject(message, options);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Decorator function as returned by {@link Type.d} (TypeScript).
+ * @typedef TypeDecorator
+ * @type {function}
+ * @param {Constructor<T>} target Target constructor
+ * @returns {undefined}
+ * @template T extends Message<T>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Type decorator (TypeScript).
+ * @param {string} [typeName] Type name, defaults to the constructor's name
+ * @returns {TypeDecorator<T>} Decorator function
+ * @template T extends Message<T>
+ */
+Type.d = function decorateType(typeName) {
+    return function typeDecorator(target) {
+        util.decorateType(target, typeName);
+    };
+};