packwise-skills 1.0.0 → 1.2.0

package/sub-skills/embedded/stm32.md

@@ -1,160 +1,160 @@
-# STM32 Embedded Build Sub-Skill
-
-Build firmware for STM32 microcontrollers using STM32CubeIDE, Keil MDK, or PlatformIO.
-
-**Current versions**: STM32CubeIDE 1.17 / STM32CubeMX 6.13 / ARM GCC 13.x (2025-2026)
-
-## When to Use
-
-- Industrial control systems
-- IoT sensor nodes and gateways
-- Motor control applications
-- Medical devices
-- Automotive ECU (non-safety-critical)
-- Consumer electronics firmware
-
-## STM32 Family Overview
-
-| Family | Core | Speed | Flash | Best For |
-|--------|------|-------|-------|----------|
-| STM32F0 | Cortex-M0 | 48MHz | 16-256KB | Cost-sensitive, basic control |
-| STM32F1 | Cortex-M3 | 72MHz | 16-1024KB | General purpose (legacy, very popular) |
-| STM32F4 | Cortex-M4F | 168-200MHz | 512KB-2MB | DSP, audio, mid-range processing |
-| STM32G0 | Cortex-M0+ | 64MHz | 16-512KB | Low power, cost-sensitive |
-| STM32G4 | Cortex-M4F | 170MHz | 128-512KB | Analog-rich, motor control |
-| STM32H7 | Cortex-M7+M4 | 480MHz | 1-2MB | High-performance, display, audio |
-| STM32L0 | Cortex-M0+ | 32MHz | 16-192KB | Ultra-low power |
-| STM32L4 | Cortex-M4F | 80MHz | 256KB-1MB | Low power + performance |
-| STM32U5 | Cortex-M33 | 160MHz | 256KB-2MB | Ultra-low power + security |
-| STM32WB | Cortex-M4+M0+ | 64MHz | 256KB-1MB | Bluetooth LE + application |
-| STM32WL | Cortex-M4+M0+ | 48MHz | 64-256KB | LoRa/LoRaWAN + application |
-| STM32MP1/2 | Cortex-A7/M4 | 650-1200MHz | External | Linux + real-time coprocessor |
-
-## Prerequisites
-
-```bash
-# STM32CubeIDE (all-in-one: editor + compiler + debugger)
-# Download from st.com/stm32cubeide
-
-# OR: ARM GCC toolchain + STM32CubeMX + VS Code
-# ARM GCC:
-sudo apt install gcc-arm-none-eabi    # Linux
-brew install --cask gcc-arm-embedded  # macOS
-
-# STM32CubeMX (pin/peripheral configuration)
-# Download from st.com/stm32cubemx
-
-# OR: PlatformIO (cross-platform build system)
-pip install platformio
-```
-
-## STM32CubeIDE Build
-
-### Project Setup
-
-```
-STM32CubeIDE:
-1. File → New → STM32 Project
-2. Select MCU/Board (e.g., STM32F407VG)
-3. Configure pins in .ioc file (CubeMX integrated)
-4. Generate code
-5. Write application code in Core/Src/main.c
-6. Build: Project → Build All (Ctrl+B)
-7. Debug: Run → Debug (ST-Link/J-Link)
-```
-
-### Build Output
-
-```
-Debug/ or Release/
-├── myproject.elf        ← Debug binary (with symbols)
-├── myproject.hex        ← Intel HEX (for programmer)
-├── myproject.bin        ← Raw binary (for bootloader/OTA)
-└── myproject.map        ← Memory map (linker output)
-```
-
-### Command Line Build
-
-```bash
-# Build with ARM GCC
-arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 \
-  -O2 -g -Wall \
-  -DSTM32F407xx \
-  -IInc -IDrivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc \
-  -ICore/Inc \
-  Src/main.c Src/stm32f4xx_it.c \
-  -TSTM32F407VGTX_FLASH.ld \
-  -o build/myproject.elf \
-  -lc -lm -lnosys
-
-# Generate .bin from .elf
-arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary build/myproject.elf build/myproject.bin
-
-# Generate .hex from .elf
-arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex build/myproject.elf build/myproject.hex
-
-# Flash with ST-Link
-st-flash write build/myproject.bin 0x08000000
-
-# Flash with J-Link
-JLinkExe -device STM32F407VG -if SWD -speed 4000 -CommandFile flash.jlink
-```
-
-### Flash Size Report
-
-```bash
-arm-none-eabi-size build/myproject.elf
-# Output:
-#    text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
-#   32768    1024    4096   37888    9400 build/myproject.elf
-# text = code + const data (Flash)
-# data = initialized variables (Flash + RAM)
-# bss  = zero-initialized variables (RAM only)
-```
-
-## PlatformIO Build
-
-```ini
-; platformio.ini
-[env:stm32f407vg]
-platform = ststm32
-board = disco_f407vg
-framework = stm32cube    ; or: arduino, cmsis, zephyr
-build_flags = -O2 -DSTM32F407xx
-upload_protocol = stlink
-debug_tool = stlink
-monitor_speed = 115200
-```
-
-```bash
-pio run                    # Build
-pio run -t upload          # Flash
-pio run -t debug           # Debug (GDB + OpenOCD/ST-Link)
-pio device monitor         # Serial monitor
-```
-
-## RTOS Options for STM32
-
-| RTOS | License | RAM (min) | Best For |
-|------|---------|-----------|----------|
-| FreeRTOS | MIT | ~5KB | Most popular, AWS-supported |
-| Zephyr | Apache 2.0 | ~30KB | Full-featured, Linux-like ecosystem |
-| RT-Thread | Apache 2.0 | ~3KB | Chinese ecosystem, IoT-focused |
-| Azure RTOS (ThreadX) | MIT | ~2KB | Microsoft, very small footprint |
-| CMSIS-RTOS2 | Apache 2.0 | N/A | ARM standard API (wraps FreeRTOS/ThreadX) |
-| bare-metal | N/A | 0 | Simple applications, no OS |
-
-## Common Pitfalls
-
-| Issue | Fix |
-|-------|-----|
-| Flash size overflow | Use `-Os` (optimize for size); enable LTO; remove unused HAL modules |
-| RAM overflow | Reduce stack/heap size in linker script; use `.data` and `.bss` sections properly |
-| HardFault crash | Check stack overflow (increase stack size); verify interrupt priorities |
-| Clock misconfiguration | Use CubeMX to configure RCC; verify HSE/HSI oscillator source |
-| Debug connection fails | Check ST-Link firmware; verify SWD pins not reconfigured as GPIO |
-| Peripheral not working | Enable peripheral clock in RCC; check pin AF mapping in CubeMX |
-| Power consumption too high | Use low-power modes (STOP/STANDBY); disable unused peripherals |
-| Bootloader jump fails | Set MSP and PC correctly; disable interrupts before jump |
-| OTA update fails | Verify flash write alignment (usually 256-byte or 1KB pages) |
-| Floating point not working | Use `-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16`; enable FPU in CPACR register |
+# STM32 Embedded Build Sub-Skill
+
+Build firmware for STM32 microcontrollers using STM32CubeIDE, Keil MDK, or PlatformIO.
+
+**Current versions**: STM32CubeIDE 1.17 / STM32CubeMX 6.13 / ARM GCC 13.x (2025-2026)
+
+## When to Use
+
+- Industrial control systems
+- IoT sensor nodes and gateways
+- Motor control applications
+- Medical devices
+- Automotive ECU (non-safety-critical)
+- Consumer electronics firmware
+
+## STM32 Family Overview
+
+| Family | Core | Speed | Flash | Best For |
+|--------|------|-------|-------|----------|
+| STM32F0 | Cortex-M0 | 48MHz | 16-256KB | Cost-sensitive, basic control |
+| STM32F1 | Cortex-M3 | 72MHz | 16-1024KB | General purpose (legacy, very popular) |
+| STM32F4 | Cortex-M4F | 168-200MHz | 512KB-2MB | DSP, audio, mid-range processing |
+| STM32G0 | Cortex-M0+ | 64MHz | 16-512KB | Low power, cost-sensitive |
+| STM32G4 | Cortex-M4F | 170MHz | 128-512KB | Analog-rich, motor control |
+| STM32H7 | Cortex-M7+M4 | 480MHz | 1-2MB | High-performance, display, audio |
+| STM32L0 | Cortex-M0+ | 32MHz | 16-192KB | Ultra-low power |
+| STM32L4 | Cortex-M4F | 80MHz | 256KB-1MB | Low power + performance |
+| STM32U5 | Cortex-M33 | 160MHz | 256KB-2MB | Ultra-low power + security |
+| STM32WB | Cortex-M4+M0+ | 64MHz | 256KB-1MB | Bluetooth LE + application |
+| STM32WL | Cortex-M4+M0+ | 48MHz | 64-256KB | LoRa/LoRaWAN + application |
+| STM32MP1/2 | Cortex-A7/M4 | 650-1200MHz | External | Linux + real-time coprocessor |
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+```bash
+# STM32CubeIDE (all-in-one: editor + compiler + debugger)
+# Download from st.com/stm32cubeide
+
+# OR: ARM GCC toolchain + STM32CubeMX + VS Code
+# ARM GCC:
+sudo apt install gcc-arm-none-eabi    # Linux
+brew install --cask gcc-arm-embedded  # macOS
+
+# STM32CubeMX (pin/peripheral configuration)
+# Download from st.com/stm32cubemx
+
+# OR: PlatformIO (cross-platform build system)
+pip install platformio
+```
+
+## STM32CubeIDE Build
+
+### Project Setup
+
+```
+STM32CubeIDE:
+1. File → New → STM32 Project
+2. Select MCU/Board (e.g., STM32F407VG)
+3. Configure pins in .ioc file (CubeMX integrated)
+4. Generate code
+5. Write application code in Core/Src/main.c
+6. Build: Project → Build All (Ctrl+B)
+7. Debug: Run → Debug (ST-Link/J-Link)
+```
+
+### Build Output
+
+```
+Debug/ or Release/
+├── myproject.elf        ← Debug binary (with symbols)
+├── myproject.hex        ← Intel HEX (for programmer)
+├── myproject.bin        ← Raw binary (for bootloader/OTA)
+└── myproject.map        ← Memory map (linker output)
+```
+
+### Command Line Build
+
+```bash
+# Build with ARM GCC
+arm-none-eabi-gcc -mcpu=cortex-m4 -mthumb -mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16 \
+  -O2 -g -Wall \
+  -DSTM32F407xx \
+  -IInc -IDrivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc \
+  -ICore/Inc \
+  Src/main.c Src/stm32f4xx_it.c \
+  -TSTM32F407VGTX_FLASH.ld \
+  -o build/myproject.elf \
+  -lc -lm -lnosys
+
+# Generate .bin from .elf
+arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary build/myproject.elf build/myproject.bin
+
+# Generate .hex from .elf
+arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex build/myproject.elf build/myproject.hex
+
+# Flash with ST-Link
+st-flash write build/myproject.bin 0x08000000
+
+# Flash with J-Link
+JLinkExe -device STM32F407VG -if SWD -speed 4000 -CommandFile flash.jlink
+```
+
+### Flash Size Report
+
+```bash
+arm-none-eabi-size build/myproject.elf
+# Output:
+#    text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
+#   32768    1024    4096   37888    9400 build/myproject.elf
+# text = code + const data (Flash)
+# data = initialized variables (Flash + RAM)
+# bss  = zero-initialized variables (RAM only)
+```
+
+## PlatformIO Build
+
+```ini
+; platformio.ini
+[env:stm32f407vg]
+platform = ststm32
+board = disco_f407vg
+framework = stm32cube    ; or: arduino, cmsis, zephyr
+build_flags = -O2 -DSTM32F407xx
+upload_protocol = stlink
+debug_tool = stlink
+monitor_speed = 115200
+```
+
+```bash
+pio run                    # Build
+pio run -t upload          # Flash
+pio run -t debug           # Debug (GDB + OpenOCD/ST-Link)
+pio device monitor         # Serial monitor
+```
+
+## RTOS Options for STM32
+
+| RTOS | License | RAM (min) | Best For |
+|------|---------|-----------|----------|
+| FreeRTOS | MIT | ~5KB | Most popular, AWS-supported |
+| Zephyr | Apache 2.0 | ~30KB | Full-featured, Linux-like ecosystem |
+| RT-Thread | Apache 2.0 | ~3KB | Chinese ecosystem, IoT-focused |
+| Azure RTOS (ThreadX) | MIT | ~2KB | Microsoft, very small footprint |
+| CMSIS-RTOS2 | Apache 2.0 | N/A | ARM standard API (wraps FreeRTOS/ThreadX) |
+| bare-metal | N/A | 0 | Simple applications, no OS |
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+
+| Issue | Fix |
+|-------|-----|
+| Flash size overflow | Use `-Os` (optimize for size); enable LTO; remove unused HAL modules |
+| RAM overflow | Reduce stack/heap size in linker script; use `.data` and `.bss` sections properly |
+| HardFault crash | Check stack overflow (increase stack size); verify interrupt priorities |
+| Clock misconfiguration | Use CubeMX to configure RCC; verify HSE/HSI oscillator source |
+| Debug connection fails | Check ST-Link firmware; verify SWD pins not reconfigured as GPIO |
+| Peripheral not working | Enable peripheral clock in RCC; check pin AF mapping in CubeMX |
+| Power consumption too high | Use low-power modes (STOP/STANDBY); disable unused peripherals |
+| Bootloader jump fails | Set MSP and PC correctly; disable interrupts before jump |
+| OTA update fails | Verify flash write alignment (usually 256-byte or 1KB pages) |
+| Floating point not working | Use `-mfloat-abi=hard -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16`; enable FPU in CPACR register |