opencode-skills-collection 4.1.14 → 4.1.16

package/bundled-skills/networkx/references/generators.md

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+# NetworkX Graph Generators
+
+## Classic Graphs
+
+### Complete Graphs
+```python
+# Complete graph (all nodes connected to all others)
+G = nx.complete_graph(n=10)
+
+# Complete bipartite graph
+G = nx.complete_bipartite_graph(n1=5, n2=7)
+
+# Complete multipartite graph
+G = nx.complete_multipartite_graph(3, 4, 5)  # Three partitions
+```
+
+### Cycle and Path Graphs
+```python
+# Cycle graph (nodes arranged in circle)
+G = nx.cycle_graph(n=20)
+
+# Path graph (linear chain)
+G = nx.path_graph(n=15)
+
+# Circular ladder graph
+G = nx.circular_ladder_graph(n=10)
+```
+
+### Regular Graphs
+```python
+# Empty graph (no edges)
+G = nx.empty_graph(n=10)
+
+# Null graph (no nodes)
+G = nx.null_graph()
+
+# Star graph (one central node connected to all others)
+G = nx.star_graph(n=19)  # Creates 20-node star
+
+# Wheel graph (cycle with central hub)
+G = nx.wheel_graph(n=10)
+```
+
+### Special Named Graphs
+```python
+# Bull graph
+G = nx.bull_graph()
+
+# Chvatal graph
+G = nx.chvatal_graph()
+
+# Cubical graph
+G = nx.cubical_graph()
+
+# Diamond graph
+G = nx.diamond_graph()
+
+# Dodecahedral graph
+G = nx.dodecahedral_graph()
+
+# Heawood graph
+G = nx.heawood_graph()
+
+# House graph
+G = nx.house_graph()
+
+# Petersen graph
+G = nx.petersen_graph()
+
+# Karate club graph (classic social network)
+G = nx.karate_club_graph()
+```
+
+## Random Graphs
+
+### Erdős-Rényi Graphs
+```python
+# G(n, p) model: n nodes, edge probability p
+G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n=100, p=0.1, seed=42)
+
+# G(n, m) model: n nodes, exactly m edges
+G = nx.gnm_random_graph(n=100, m=500, seed=42)
+
+# Fast version (for large sparse graphs)
+G = nx.fast_gnp_random_graph(n=10000, p=0.0001, seed=42)
+```
+
+### Watts-Strogatz Small-World
+```python
+# Small-world network with rewiring
+# n nodes, k nearest neighbors, rewiring probability p
+G = nx.watts_strogatz_graph(n=100, k=6, p=0.1, seed=42)
+
+# Connected version (guarantees connectivity)
+G = nx.connected_watts_strogatz_graph(n=100, k=6, p=0.1, tries=100, seed=42)
+```
+
+### Barabási-Albert Preferential Attachment
+```python
+# Scale-free network (power-law degree distribution)
+# n nodes, m edges to attach from new node
+G = nx.barabasi_albert_graph(n=100, m=3, seed=42)
+
+# Extended version with parameters
+G = nx.extended_barabasi_albert_graph(n=100, m=3, p=0.5, q=0.2, seed=42)
+```
+
+### Power Law Degree Sequence
+```python
+# Power law cluster graph
+G = nx.powerlaw_cluster_graph(n=100, m=3, p=0.1, seed=42)
+
+# Random power law tree
+G = nx.random_powerlaw_tree(n=100, gamma=3, seed=42, tries=1000)
+```
+
+### Configuration Model
+```python
+# Graph with specified degree sequence
+degree_sequence = [3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+G = nx.configuration_model(degree_sequence, seed=42)
+
+# Remove self-loops and parallel edges
+G = nx.Graph(G)
+G.remove_edges_from(nx.selfloop_edges(G))
+```
+
+### Random Geometric Graphs
+```python
+# Nodes in unit square, edges if distance < radius
+G = nx.random_geometric_graph(n=100, radius=0.2, seed=42)
+
+# With positions
+pos = nx.get_node_attributes(G, 'pos')
+```
+
+### Random Regular Graphs
+```python
+# Every node has exactly d neighbors
+G = nx.random_regular_graph(d=3, n=100, seed=42)
+```
+
+### Stochastic Block Model
+```python
+# Community structure model
+sizes = [50, 50, 50]  # Three communities
+probs = [[0.25, 0.05, 0.02],  # Within and between community probabilities
+         [0.05, 0.35, 0.07],
+         [0.02, 0.07, 0.40]]
+G = nx.stochastic_block_model(sizes, probs, seed=42)
+```
+
+## Lattice and Grid Graphs
+
+### Grid Graphs
+```python
+# 2D grid
+G = nx.grid_2d_graph(m=5, n=7)  # 5x7 grid
+
+# 3D grid
+G = nx.grid_graph(dim=[5, 7, 3])  # 5x7x3 grid
+
+# Hexagonal lattice
+G = nx.hexagonal_lattice_graph(m=5, n=7)
+
+# Triangular lattice
+G = nx.triangular_lattice_graph(m=5, n=7)
+```
+
+### Hypercube
+```python
+# n-dimensional hypercube
+G = nx.hypercube_graph(n=4)
+```
+
+## Tree Graphs
+
+### Random Trees
+```python
+# Random tree with n nodes
+G = nx.random_tree(n=100, seed=42)
+
+# Prefix tree (tries)
+G = nx.prefix_tree([[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 3], [0, 4]])
+```
+
+### Balanced Trees
+```python
+# Balanced r-ary tree of height h
+G = nx.balanced_tree(r=2, h=5)  # Binary tree, height 5
+
+# Full r-ary tree with n nodes
+G = nx.full_rary_tree(r=3, n=100)  # Ternary tree
+```
+
+### Barbell and Lollipop Graphs
+```python
+# Two complete graphs connected by path
+G = nx.barbell_graph(m1=5, m2=3)  # Two K_5 graphs with 3-node path
+
+# Complete graph connected to path
+G = nx.lollipop_graph(m=7, n=5)  # K_7 with 5-node path
+```
+
+## Social Network Models
+
+### Karate Club
+```python
+# Zachary's karate club (classic social network)
+G = nx.karate_club_graph()
+```
+
+### Davis Southern Women
+```python
+# Bipartite social network
+G = nx.davis_southern_women_graph()
+```
+
+### Florentine Families
+```python
+# Historical marriage and business networks
+G = nx.florentine_families_graph()
+```
+
+### Les Misérables
+```python
+# Character co-occurrence network
+G = nx.les_miserables_graph()
+```
+
+## Directed Graph Generators
+
+### Random Directed Graphs
+```python
+# Directed Erdős-Rényi
+G = nx.gnp_random_graph(n=100, p=0.1, directed=True, seed=42)
+
+# Scale-free directed
+G = nx.scale_free_graph(n=100, seed=42)
+```
+
+### DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph)
+```python
+# Random DAG
+G = nx.gnp_random_graph(n=20, p=0.2, directed=True, seed=42)
+G = nx.DiGraph([(u, v) for (u, v) in G.edges() if u < v])  # Remove backward edges
+```
+
+### Tournament Graphs
+```python
+# Random tournament (complete directed graph)
+G = nx.random_tournament(n=10, seed=42)
+```
+
+## Duplication-Divergence Models
+
+### Duplication Divergence Graph
+```python
+# Biological network model (protein interaction networks)
+G = nx.duplication_divergence_graph(n=100, p=0.5, seed=42)
+```
+
+## Degree Sequence Generators
+
+### Valid Degree Sequences
+```python
+# Check if degree sequence is valid (graphical)
+sequence = [3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+is_valid = nx.is_graphical(sequence)
+
+# For directed graphs
+in_sequence = [2, 2, 2, 1, 1]
+out_sequence = [2, 2, 1, 2, 1]
+is_valid = nx.is_digraphical(in_sequence, out_sequence)
+```
+
+### Creating from Degree Sequence
+```python
+# Havel-Hakimi algorithm
+G = nx.havel_hakimi_graph(degree_sequence)
+
+# Configuration model (allows multi-edges/self-loops)
+G = nx.configuration_model(degree_sequence)
+
+# Directed configuration model
+G = nx.directed_configuration_model(in_degree_sequence, out_degree_sequence)
+```
+
+## Bipartite Graphs
+
+### Random Bipartite
+```python
+# Random bipartite with two node sets
+G = nx.bipartite.random_graph(n=50, m=30, p=0.1, seed=42)
+
+# Configuration model for bipartite
+G = nx.bipartite.configuration_model(deg1=[3, 3, 2], deg2=[2, 2, 2, 2], seed=42)
+```
+
+### Bipartite Generators
+```python
+# Complete bipartite
+G = nx.complete_bipartite_graph(n1=5, n2=7)
+
+# Gnmk random bipartite (n, m nodes, k edges)
+G = nx.bipartite.gnmk_random_graph(n=10, m=8, k=20, seed=42)
+```
+
+## Operators on Graphs
+
+### Graph Operations
+```python
+# Union
+G = nx.union(G1, G2)
+
+# Disjoint union
+G = nx.disjoint_union(G1, G2)
+
+# Compose (overlay)
+G = nx.compose(G1, G2)
+
+# Complement
+G = nx.complement(G1)
+
+# Cartesian product
+G = nx.cartesian_product(G1, G2)
+
+# Tensor (Kronecker) product
+G = nx.tensor_product(G1, G2)
+
+# Strong product
+G = nx.strong_product(G1, G2)
+```
+
+## Customization and Seeding
+
+### Setting Random Seed
+Always set seed for reproducible graphs:
+```python
+G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n=100, p=0.1, seed=42)
+```
+
+### Converting Graph Types
+```python
+# Convert to specific type
+G_directed = G.to_directed()
+G_undirected = G.to_undirected()
+G_multi = nx.MultiGraph(G)
+```
+
+## Performance Considerations
+
+### Fast Generators
+For large graphs, use optimized generators:
+```python
+# Fast ER graph (sparse)
+G = nx.fast_gnp_random_graph(n=10000, p=0.0001, seed=42)
+```
+
+### Memory Efficiency
+Some generators create graphs incrementally to save memory. For very large graphs, consider:
+- Using sparse representations
+- Generating subgraphs as needed
+- Working with adjacency lists or edge lists instead of full graphs
+
+## Validation and Properties
+
+### Checking Generated Graphs
+```python
+# Verify properties
+print(f"Nodes: {G.number_of_nodes()}")
+print(f"Edges: {G.number_of_edges()}")
+print(f"Density: {nx.density(G)}")
+print(f"Connected: {nx.is_connected(G)}")
+
+# Degree distribution
+degree_sequence = sorted([d for n, d in G.degree()], reverse=True)
+```

package/bundled-skills/networkx/references/graph-basics.md

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+# NetworkX Graph Basics
+
+## Graph Types
+
+NetworkX supports four main graph classes:
+
+### Graph (Undirected)
+```python
+import networkx as nx
+G = nx.Graph()
+```
+- Undirected graphs with single edges between nodes
+- No parallel edges allowed
+- Edges are bidirectional
+
+### DiGraph (Directed)
+```python
+G = nx.DiGraph()
+```
+- Directed graphs with one-way connections
+- Edge direction matters: (u, v) ≠ (v, u)
+- Used for modeling directed relationships
+
+### MultiGraph (Undirected Multi-edge)
+```python
+G = nx.MultiGraph()
+```
+- Allows multiple edges between same node pairs
+- Useful for modeling multiple relationships
+
+### MultiDiGraph (Directed Multi-edge)
+```python
+G = nx.MultiDiGraph()
+```
+- Directed graph with multiple edges between nodes
+- Combines features of DiGraph and MultiGraph
+
+## Creating and Adding Nodes
+
+### Single Node Addition
+```python
+G.add_node(1)
+G.add_node("protein_A")
+G.add_node((x, y))  # Nodes can be any hashable type
+```
+
+### Bulk Node Addition
+```python
+G.add_nodes_from([2, 3, 4])
+G.add_nodes_from(range(100, 110))
+```
+
+### Nodes with Attributes
+```python
+G.add_node(1, time='5pm', color='red')
+G.add_nodes_from([
+    (4, {"color": "red"}),
+    (5, {"color": "blue", "weight": 1.5})
+])
+```
+
+### Important Node Properties
+- Nodes can be any hashable Python object: strings, tuples, numbers, custom objects
+- Node attributes stored as key-value pairs
+- Use meaningful node identifiers for clarity
+
+## Creating and Adding Edges
+
+### Single Edge Addition
+```python
+G.add_edge(1, 2)
+G.add_edge('gene_A', 'gene_B')
+```
+
+### Bulk Edge Addition
+```python
+G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4)])
+G.add_edges_from(edge_list)
+```
+
+### Edges with Attributes
+```python
+G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=4.7, relation='interacts')
+G.add_edges_from([
+    (1, 2, {'weight': 4.7}),
+    (2, 3, {'weight': 8.2, 'color': 'blue'})
+])
+```
+
+### Adding from Edge List with Attributes
+```python
+# From pandas DataFrame
+import pandas as pd
+df = pd.DataFrame({'source': [1, 2], 'target': [2, 3], 'weight': [4.7, 8.2]})
+G = nx.from_pandas_edgelist(df, 'source', 'target', edge_attr='weight')
+```
+
+## Examining Graph Structure
+
+### Basic Properties
+```python
+# Get collections
+G.nodes              # NodeView of all nodes
+G.edges              # EdgeView of all edges
+G.adj                # AdjacencyView for neighbor relationships
+
+# Count elements
+G.number_of_nodes()  # Total node count
+G.number_of_edges()  # Total edge count
+len(G)              # Number of nodes (shorthand)
+
+# Degree information
+G.degree()          # DegreeView of all node degrees
+G.degree(1)         # Degree of specific node
+list(G.degree())    # List of (node, degree) pairs
+```
+
+### Checking Existence
+```python
+# Check if node exists
+1 in G              # Returns True/False
+G.has_node(1)
+
+# Check if edge exists
+G.has_edge(1, 2)
+```
+
+### Accessing Neighbors
+```python
+# Get neighbors of node 1
+list(G.neighbors(1))
+list(G[1])          # Dictionary-like access
+
+# For directed graphs
+list(G.predecessors(1))  # Incoming edges
+list(G.successors(1))    # Outgoing edges
+```
+
+### Iterating Over Elements
+```python
+# Iterate over nodes
+for node in G.nodes:
+    print(node, G.nodes[node])  # Access node attributes
+
+# Iterate over edges
+for u, v in G.edges:
+    print(u, v, G[u][v])  # Access edge attributes
+
+# Iterate with attributes
+for node, attrs in G.nodes(data=True):
+    print(node, attrs)
+
+for u, v, attrs in G.edges(data=True):
+    print(u, v, attrs)
+```
+
+## Modifying Graphs
+
+### Removing Elements
+```python
+# Remove single node (also removes incident edges)
+G.remove_node(1)
+
+# Remove multiple nodes
+G.remove_nodes_from([1, 2, 3])
+
+# Remove edges
+G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+G.remove_edges_from([(1, 2), (2, 3)])
+```
+
+### Clearing Graph
+```python
+G.clear()           # Remove all nodes and edges
+G.clear_edges()     # Remove only edges, keep nodes
+```
+
+## Attributes and Metadata
+
+### Graph-Level Attributes
+```python
+G.graph['name'] = 'Social Network'
+G.graph['date'] = '2025-01-15'
+print(G.graph)
+```
+
+### Node Attributes
+```python
+# Set at creation
+G.add_node(1, time='5pm', weight=0.5)
+
+# Set after creation
+G.nodes[1]['time'] = '6pm'
+nx.set_node_attributes(G, {1: 'red', 2: 'blue'}, 'color')
+
+# Get attributes
+G.nodes[1]
+G.nodes[1]['time']
+nx.get_node_attributes(G, 'color')
+```
+
+### Edge Attributes
+```python
+# Set at creation
+G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=4.7, color='red')
+
+# Set after creation
+G[1][2]['weight'] = 5.0
+nx.set_edge_attributes(G, {(1, 2): 10.5}, 'weight')
+
+# Get attributes
+G[1][2]
+G[1][2]['weight']
+G.edges[1, 2]
+nx.get_edge_attributes(G, 'weight')
+```
+
+## Subgraphs and Views
+
+### Subgraph Creation
+```python
+# Create subgraph from node list
+nodes_subset = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+H = G.subgraph(nodes_subset)  # Returns view (references original)
+
+# Create independent copy
+H = G.subgraph(nodes_subset).copy()
+
+# Edge-induced subgraph
+edge_subset = [(1, 2), (2, 3)]
+H = G.edge_subgraph(edge_subset)
+```
+
+### Graph Views
+```python
+# Reverse view (for directed graphs)
+G_reversed = G.reverse()
+
+# Convert between directed/undirected
+G_undirected = G.to_undirected()
+G_directed = G.to_directed()
+```
+
+## Graph Information and Diagnostics
+
+### Basic Information
+```python
+print(nx.info(G))   # Summary of graph structure
+
+# Density (ratio of actual edges to possible edges)
+nx.density(G)
+
+# Check if graph is directed
+G.is_directed()
+
+# Check if graph is multigraph
+G.is_multigraph()
+```
+
+### Connectivity Checks
+```python
+# For undirected graphs
+nx.is_connected(G)
+nx.number_connected_components(G)
+
+# For directed graphs
+nx.is_strongly_connected(G)
+nx.is_weakly_connected(G)
+```
+
+## Important Considerations
+
+### Floating Point Precision
+Once graphs contain floating point numbers, all results are inherently approximate due to precision limitations. Small arithmetic errors can affect algorithm outcomes, particularly in minimum/maximum computations.
+
+### Memory Considerations
+Each time a script starts, graph data must be loaded into memory. For large datasets, this can cause performance issues. Consider:
+- Using efficient data formats (pickle for Python objects)
+- Loading only necessary subgraphs
+- Using graph databases for very large networks
+
+### Node and Edge Removal Behavior
+When a node is removed, all edges incident with that node are automatically removed as well.