novelws 4.0.0 → 5.0.0
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/CHANGELOG.md +100 -623
- package/README.md +79 -594
- package/dist/cli.js +1 -3
- package/dist/cli.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/commands/init.d.ts.map +1 -1
- package/dist/commands/init.js +12 -99
- package/dist/commands/init.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/commands/upgrade.d.ts.map +1 -1
- package/dist/commands/upgrade.js +17 -108
- package/dist/commands/upgrade.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/core/config.d.ts +1 -37
- package/dist/core/config.d.ts.map +1 -1
- package/dist/core/config.js +6 -45
- package/dist/core/config.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/core/errors.d.ts +0 -31
- package/dist/core/errors.d.ts.map +1 -1
- package/dist/core/errors.js +0 -58
- package/dist/core/errors.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/utils/diagnostics.d.ts +2 -16
- package/dist/utils/diagnostics.d.ts.map +1 -1
- package/dist/utils/diagnostics.js +5 -72
- package/dist/utils/diagnostics.js.map +1 -1
- package/dist/utils/project.d.ts +1 -1
- package/dist/utils/project.d.ts.map +1 -1
- package/dist/utils/project.js +3 -3
- package/dist/utils/project.js.map +1 -1
- package/package.json +1 -2
- package/templates/commands/analyze.md +65 -265
- package/templates/commands/expand.md +70 -0
- package/templates/commands/plan.md +47 -452
- package/templates/commands/specify.md +43 -869
- package/templates/commands/write.md +49 -643
- package/templates/dot-claude/CLAUDE.md +38 -202
- package/templates/resources/anti-ai.md +16 -0
- package/templates/resources/style-reference.md +19 -0
- package/templates/tracking/character-state.json +1 -76
- package/templates/tracking/plot-tracker.json +3 -60
- package/templates/tracking/relationships.json +1 -68
- package/templates/tracking/timeline.json +1 -47
- package/dist/commands/plugin.d.ts +0 -6
- package/dist/commands/plugin.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/commands/plugin.js +0 -135
- package/dist/commands/plugin.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/identifier.d.ts +0 -13
- package/dist/plugins/identifier.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/identifier.js +0 -72
- package/dist/plugins/identifier.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/installers/base.d.ts +0 -27
- package/dist/plugins/installers/base.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/installers/base.js +0 -30
- package/dist/plugins/installers/base.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/installers/github.d.ts +0 -22
- package/dist/plugins/installers/github.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/installers/github.js +0 -133
- package/dist/plugins/installers/github.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/installers/local.d.ts +0 -16
- package/dist/plugins/installers/local.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/installers/local.js +0 -69
- package/dist/plugins/installers/local.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/installers/npm.d.ts +0 -20
- package/dist/plugins/installers/npm.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/installers/npm.js +0 -99
- package/dist/plugins/installers/npm.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/manager.d.ts +0 -77
- package/dist/plugins/manager.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/manager.js +0 -349
- package/dist/plugins/manager.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/registry.d.ts +0 -48
- package/dist/plugins/registry.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/registry.js +0 -111
- package/dist/plugins/registry.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/types.d.ts +0 -66
- package/dist/plugins/types.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/types.js +0 -2
- package/dist/plugins/types.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/validator.d.ts +0 -19
- package/dist/plugins/validator.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/plugins/validator.js +0 -164
- package/dist/plugins/validator.js.map +0 -1
- package/dist/utils/logger.d.ts +0 -13
- package/dist/utils/logger.d.ts.map +0 -1
- package/dist/utils/logger.js +0 -48
- package/dist/utils/logger.js.map +0 -1
- package/plugins/authentic-voice/README.md +0 -31
- package/plugins/authentic-voice/commands/authentic-voice.md +0 -73
- package/plugins/authentic-voice/commands/authenticity-audit.md +0 -37
- package/plugins/authentic-voice/config.yaml +0 -30
- package/plugins/authentic-voice/experts/authentic-editor.md +0 -27
- package/plugins/export/README.md +0 -319
- package/plugins/export/commands/export.md +0 -460
- package/plugins/export/commands/generate-cover.md +0 -256
- package/plugins/export/commands/metadata.md +0 -309
- package/plugins/export/config.yaml +0 -47
- package/plugins/export/experts/publishing-expert.md +0 -171
- package/plugins/export/templates/epub/chapter-template.html +0 -13
- package/plugins/export/templates/epub/cover-template.html +0 -14
- package/plugins/export/templates/epub/stylesheet.css +0 -200
- package/plugins/export/templates/pdf/ebook-style.css +0 -137
- package/plugins/export/templates/pdf/print-style.css +0 -179
- package/plugins/export/templates/platforms/jinjiang-format.md +0 -101
- package/plugins/export/templates/platforms/qidian-format.md +0 -108
- package/plugins/export/templates/platforms/tomato-format.md +0 -95
- package/plugins/translate/README.md +0 -265
- package/plugins/translate/commands/glossary.md +0 -731
- package/plugins/translate/commands/translate-preview.md +0 -543
- package/plugins/translate/commands/translate.md +0 -649
- package/plugins/translate/config.yaml +0 -43
- package/plugins/translate/experts/literary-translator.md +0 -605
- package/templates/commands/character.md +0 -287
- package/templates/commands/checklist.md +0 -744
- package/templates/commands/clarify.md +0 -269
- package/templates/commands/constitution.md +0 -269
- package/templates/commands/expert.md +0 -188
- package/templates/commands/facts.md +0 -552
- package/templates/commands/guide.md +0 -900
- package/templates/commands/help-me.md +0 -221
- package/templates/commands/recap.md +0 -748
- package/templates/commands/relations.md +0 -385
- package/templates/commands/revise.md +0 -450
- package/templates/commands/search.md +0 -531
- package/templates/commands/tasks.md +0 -396
- package/templates/commands/timeline.md +0 -309
- package/templates/commands/track-init.md +0 -149
- package/templates/commands/track.md +0 -704
- package/templates/commands/volume-summary.md +0 -471
- package/templates/knowledge/audit-config.json +0 -26
- package/templates/knowledge/character-profiles.md +0 -152
- package/templates/knowledge/character-voices.md +0 -137
- package/templates/knowledge/locations.md +0 -184
- package/templates/knowledge/world-setting.md +0 -121
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/01-hero.md +0 -233
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/02-mentor.md +0 -177
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/03-shadow.md +0 -221
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/04-ally.md +0 -178
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/05-shapeshifter.md +0 -177
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/06-trickster.md +0 -181
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/07-threshold-guardian.md +0 -177
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/08-herald.md +0 -180
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/09-father.md +0 -249
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/10-mother.md +0 -202
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/11-child.md +0 -183
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/12-sage.md +0 -202
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/README.md +0 -60
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/application-guide.md +0 -222
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/archetype-combinations.md +0 -242
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/config.yaml +0 -28
- package/templates/resources/character-archetypes/examples-analysis.md +0 -223
- package/templates/resources/config/keyword-mappings.json +0 -226
- package/templates/resources/config/specification-example.md +0 -146
- package/templates/resources/craft/character-arc.md +0 -1153
- package/templates/resources/craft/dialogue.md +0 -1170
- package/templates/resources/craft/hook-design.md +0 -345
- package/templates/resources/craft/pacing.md +0 -1200
- package/templates/resources/craft/power-system.md +0 -254
- package/templates/resources/craft/scene-structure.md +0 -1136
- package/templates/resources/craft/show-not-tell.md +0 -1012
- package/templates/resources/craft/story-structures.md +0 -134
- package/templates/resources/craft/tension-management.md +0 -168
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/01-first-meeting.md +0 -145
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/02-bonding-moment.md +0 -226
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/03-declaration.md +0 -284
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/04-triumph.md +0 -240
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/05-reunion.md +0 -396
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/06-forgiveness.md +0 -204
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/07-betrayal.md +0 -204
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/08-loss.md +0 -214
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/09-rejection.md +0 -254
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/10-failure.md +0 -244
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/11-misunderstanding.md +0 -205
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/12-farewell.md +0 -283
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/13-revelation.md +0 -242
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/14-point-of-no-return.md +0 -215
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/15-dark-night.md +0 -244
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/16-sacrifice.md +0 -246
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/17-awakening.md +0 -246
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/18-confrontation.md +0 -217
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/19-bittersweet-goodbye.md +0 -368
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/20-moral-dilemma.md +0 -248
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/21-temptation.md +0 -240
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/22-redemption.md +0 -210
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/README.md +0 -104
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/beat-sequences.md +0 -276
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/config.yaml +0 -30
- package/templates/resources/emotional-beats/pacing-guide.md +0 -390
- package/templates/resources/genres/game-lit.md +0 -174
- package/templates/resources/genres/historical.md +0 -1127
- package/templates/resources/genres/horror.md +0 -211
- package/templates/resources/genres/military.md +0 -209
- package/templates/resources/genres/mystery.md +0 -1123
- package/templates/resources/genres/rebirth.md +0 -177
- package/templates/resources/genres/revenge.md +0 -846
- package/templates/resources/genres/romance.md +0 -948
- package/templates/resources/genres/sci-fi.md +0 -156
- package/templates/resources/genres/sports.md +0 -216
- package/templates/resources/genres/thriller.md +0 -166
- package/templates/resources/genres/urban.md +0 -170
- package/templates/resources/genres/workplace.md +0 -214
- package/templates/resources/genres/wuxia.md +0 -143
- package/templates/resources/genres/xuanhuan.md +0 -234
- package/templates/resources/genres/youth.md +0 -219
- package/templates/resources/memory/personal-voice.md +0 -113
- package/templates/resources/references/README.md +0 -96
- package/templates/resources/references/china-1920s/culture.md +0 -423
- package/templates/resources/references/china-1920s/daily-life.md +0 -616
- package/templates/resources/references/china-1920s/overview.md +0 -298
- package/templates/resources/references/china-1920s/society.md +0 -703
- package/templates/resources/references/china-1920s/warlords.md +0 -427
- package/templates/resources/references/cultivation-world/daily-life.md +0 -108
- package/templates/resources/references/cultivation-world/overview.md +0 -64
- package/templates/resources/references/cultivation-world/power-system.md +0 -108
- package/templates/resources/references/cultivation-world/sects.md +0 -104
- package/templates/resources/references/cultivation-world/world-setting.md +0 -108
- package/templates/resources/references/modern-workplace/corporate.md +0 -115
- package/templates/resources/references/modern-workplace/daily-life.md +0 -129
- package/templates/resources/references/modern-workplace/overview.md +0 -73
- package/templates/resources/references/modern-workplace/relationships.md +0 -107
- package/templates/resources/references/modern-workplace/tech-industry.md +0 -131
- package/templates/resources/references/tang-dynasty/culture.md +0 -135
- package/templates/resources/references/tang-dynasty/daily-life.md +0 -139
- package/templates/resources/references/tang-dynasty/overview.md +0 -76
- package/templates/resources/references/tang-dynasty/politics.md +0 -121
- package/templates/resources/references/tang-dynasty/society.md +0 -126
- package/templates/resources/requirements/README.md +0 -240
- package/templates/resources/requirements/anti-ai-v3.md +0 -46
- package/templates/resources/requirements/anti-ai-v4-deprecated.md +0 -442
- package/templates/resources/requirements/anti-ai-v5-balanced.md +0 -203
- package/templates/resources/requirements/concretization.md +0 -90
- package/templates/resources/requirements/fast-paced.md +0 -552
- package/templates/resources/requirements/no-poison.md +0 -60
- package/templates/resources/requirements/romance-angst.md +0 -102
- package/templates/resources/requirements/romance-sweet.md +0 -63
- package/templates/resources/requirements/serious-literature.md +0 -45
- package/templates/resources/requirements/strong-emotion.md +0 -60
- package/templates/resources/scripts/README.md +0 -187
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/analyze-story.sh +0 -170
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/check-analyze-stage.sh +0 -108
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/check-consistency.sh +0 -463
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/check-facts.sh +0 -214
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/check-plot.sh +0 -374
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/check-timeline.sh +0 -346
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/check-world.sh +0 -395
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/check-writing-state.sh +0 -854
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/clarify-story.sh +0 -117
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/common.sh +0 -151
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/constitution.sh +0 -114
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/generate-tasks.sh +0 -65
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/init-tracking.sh +0 -183
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/manage-relations.sh +0 -174
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/migrate-tracking.sh +0 -183
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/plan-story.sh +0 -100
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/specify-story.sh +0 -93
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tasks-story.sh +0 -96
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/test-word-count.sh +0 -182
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/bench-preload-cache.sh +0 -100
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/run-all-benchmarks.sh +0 -16
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/test-cache-semantics.sh +0 -199
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/test-cross-platform.sh +0 -35
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/test-edge-cases-bash.sh +0 -60
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/test-phase1-bash.sh +0 -28
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/test-preload-cache.sh +0 -123
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/test-regex-precompile.sh +0 -89
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/test-regression-bash.sh +0 -42
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/tests/test-task6-verification.sh +0 -200
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/text-audit.sh +0 -144
- package/templates/resources/scripts/bash/track-progress.sh +0 -194
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/analyze-story.ps1 +0 -174
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/check-analyze-stage.ps1 +0 -110
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/check-consistency.ps1 +0 -138
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/check-facts.ps1 +0 -195
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/check-plot.ps1 +0 -139
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/check-timeline.ps1 +0 -112
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/check-writing-state.ps1 +0 -486
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/clarify-story.ps1 +0 -107
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/common.ps1 +0 -36
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/constitution.ps1 +0 -145
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/generate-tasks.ps1 +0 -70
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/init-tracking.ps1 +0 -98
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/manage-relations.ps1 +0 -134
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/migrate-tracking.ps1 +0 -145
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/plan-story.ps1 +0 -99
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/specify-story.ps1 +0 -85
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/tests/bench-ps-cache.ps1 +0 -80
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/tests/test-cross-platform.ps1 +0 -27
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/tests/test-edge-cases-ps.ps1 +0 -29
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/tests/test-phase1-ps.ps1 +0 -28
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/tests/test-ps-cache.ps1 +0 -73
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/tests/test-regression-ps.ps1 +0 -40
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/text-audit.ps1 +0 -102
- package/templates/resources/scripts/powershell/track-progress.ps1 +0 -105
- package/templates/resources/styles/README.md +0 -302
- package/templates/resources/styles/ancient-style.md +0 -579
- package/templates/resources/styles/literary.md +0 -439
- package/templates/resources/styles/minimal.md +0 -472
- package/templates/resources/styles/natural-voice.md +0 -930
- package/templates/resources/styles/web-novel.md +0 -525
- package/templates/skills/analysis/character-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -71
- package/templates/skills/analysis/foreshadow-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -45
- package/templates/skills/analysis/hook-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -111
- package/templates/skills/analysis/logic-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -58
- package/templates/skills/analysis/opening-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -59
- package/templates/skills/analysis/pacing-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -55
- package/templates/skills/analysis/power-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -148
- package/templates/skills/analysis/reader-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -117
- package/templates/skills/analysis/style-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -60
- package/templates/skills/analysis/voice-analysis/SKILL.md +0 -42
- package/templates/skills/auto-tracking/SKILL.md +0 -280
- package/templates/skills/genre-knowledge/fantasy/SKILL.md +0 -355
- package/templates/skills/genre-knowledge/mystery/SKILL.md +0 -337
- package/templates/skills/genre-knowledge/romance/SKILL.md +0 -228
- package/templates/skills/genre-knowledge/sci-fi/SKILL.md +0 -65
- package/templates/skills/genre-knowledge/thriller/SKILL.md +0 -95
- package/templates/skills/planning/volume-detail/SKILL.md +0 -219
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/consistency-checker/SKILL.md +0 -412
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/continuity-tracker/SKILL.md +0 -157
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/facts-checker/SKILL.md +0 -405
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/forgotten-elements/SKILL.md +0 -147
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/getting-started/SKILL.md +0 -224
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/hook-checker/SKILL.md +0 -164
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/hook-checker/experts/hook-analyst.md +0 -33
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/long-series-continuity/SKILL.md +0 -570
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/pacing-monitor/SKILL.md +0 -143
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/pov-validator/SKILL.md +0 -135
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/pre-write-checklist/SKILL.md +0 -583
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/requirement-detector/CONFLICT_RESOLUTION.md +0 -119
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/requirement-detector/EXAMPLES.md +0 -146
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/requirement-detector/KEYWORDS.md +0 -160
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/requirement-detector/SKILL.md +0 -149
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/setting-detector/SKILL.md +0 -611
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/style-detector/CONFLICT_RESOLUTION.md +0 -126
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/style-detector/EXAMPLES.md +0 -206
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/style-detector/KEYWORDS.md +0 -207
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/style-detector/SKILL.md +0 -264
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/voice-consistency-checker/SKILL.md +0 -103
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/voice-consistency-checker/experts/voice-analyst.md +0 -21
- package/templates/skills/quality-assurance/workflow-guide/SKILL.md +0 -381
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/character-arc/SKILL.md +0 -267
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/dialogue-techniques/SKILL.md +0 -366
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/multi-thread-narrative/SKILL.md +0 -708
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/multi-thread-narrative/experts/thread-analyst.md +0 -226
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/pacing-control/SKILL.md +0 -480
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/reader-expectation/SKILL.md +0 -1026
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/reader-expectation/experts/expectation-analyst.md +0 -209
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/revision-polish/SKILL.md +0 -496
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/revision-polish/experts/revision-editor.md +0 -221
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/scene-structure/SKILL.md +0 -361
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/style-learning/SKILL.md +0 -436
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/writing-balance/.gitkeep +0 -0
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/writing-balance/SKILL.md +0 -460
- package/templates/skills/writing-techniques/writing-techniques/SKILL.md +0 -727
- package/templates/tracking/story-facts.json +0 -5
- package/templates/tracking/summary/characters-summary.json +0 -7
- package/templates/tracking/summary/plot-summary.json +0 -13
- package/templates/tracking/summary/timeline-summary.json +0 -8
- package/templates/tracking/summary/volume-summaries.json +0 -5
- package/templates/tracking/tracking-log.md +0 -110
- package/templates/tracking/validation-rules.json +0 -128
- /package/templates/resources/{memory/constitution.md → constitution.md} +0 -0
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-
## 概览
|
|
4
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-
|
|
5
|
-
1920年代的中国社会正处于剧烈变革之中。传统的宗法社会结构开始松动,新的社会阶层逐渐形成,但旧的等级观念仍然根深蒂固。城市与农村、上层与底层、新派与旧派之间的鸿沟极其巨大。
|
|
6
|
-
|
|
7
|
-
**核心特征**:
|
|
8
|
-
- **等级森严**:阶层固化,上升通道狭窄
|
|
9
|
-
- **家族本位**:个人服从家族
|
|
10
|
-
- **城乡分裂**:两个完全不同的世界
|
|
11
|
-
- **新旧并存**:传统礼教与新思想激烈碰撞
|
|
12
|
-
- **性别不平等**:女性地位极低(农村尤甚)
|
|
13
|
-
|
|
14
|
-
## 核心信息速查
|
|
15
|
-
|
|
16
|
-
| 维度 | 信息 |
|
|
17
|
-
|------|------|
|
|
18
|
-
| **人口** | 约 4-4.5 亿 |
|
|
19
|
-
| **城市人口** | 约 10-15%(绝大多数是农村) |
|
|
20
|
-
| **识字率** | 约 20-30%(城乡差距极大) |
|
|
21
|
-
| **平均寿命** | 约 35 岁 |
|
|
22
|
-
| **婴儿死亡率** | 30-40% |
|
|
23
|
-
| **家族规模** | 农村:3-4 代同堂常见;城市:核心家庭增多 |
|
|
24
|
-
| **女性地位** | 极低,农村尤甚 |
|
|
25
|
-
| **社会流动** | 极低,主要通过教育和从军 |
|
|
26
|
-
|
|
27
|
-
## 阶层结构详解
|
|
28
|
-
|
|
29
|
-
### 上层阶级(5-10%)
|
|
30
|
-
|
|
31
|
-
#### 军阀及家族
|
|
32
|
-
- **地位**:最高权力阶层
|
|
33
|
-
- **财富**:巨富(洋房、汽车、多妻)
|
|
34
|
-
- **生活方式**:极度奢华,中西合璧
|
|
35
|
-
- **社会影响**:生杀予夺,一手遮天
|
|
36
|
-
|
|
37
|
-
#### 官僚买办
|
|
38
|
-
- **地位**:依附列强的商人阶层
|
|
39
|
-
- **财富**:极富(垄断进出口贸易)
|
|
40
|
-
- **生活方式**:西化程度高
|
|
41
|
-
- **社会影响**:经济实力强,政治影响大
|
|
42
|
-
|
|
43
|
-
#### 大地主
|
|
44
|
-
- **地位**:传统乡绅阶层
|
|
45
|
-
- **财富**:拥有数百上千亩土地
|
|
46
|
-
- **生活方式**:传统,讲究礼法
|
|
47
|
-
- **社会影响**:在乡村有绝对权威
|
|
48
|
-
|
|
49
|
-
#### 新兴资本家
|
|
50
|
-
- **地位**:民族工业家
|
|
51
|
-
- **代表人物**:荣氏兄弟、刘鸿生
|
|
52
|
-
- **财富**:富裕但受列强和军阀双重压迫
|
|
53
|
-
- **社会影响**:推动实业救国
|
|
54
|
-
|
|
55
|
-
### 中产阶级(15-20%)
|
|
56
|
-
|
|
57
|
-
#### 知识分子
|
|
58
|
-
**类型**:
|
|
59
|
-
- 大学教授:月薪 200-400 银元
|
|
60
|
-
- 中学教师:月薪 50-80 银元
|
|
61
|
-
- 小学教师:月薪 30-50 银元
|
|
62
|
-
- 律师、医生、记者:月薪 50-150 银元
|
|
63
|
-
|
|
64
|
-
**特点**:
|
|
65
|
-
- 思想活跃
|
|
66
|
-
- 接受新思想
|
|
67
|
-
- 社会地位较高
|
|
68
|
-
- 收入相对稳定
|
|
69
|
-
|
|
70
|
-
#### 小地主
|
|
71
|
-
- **土地**:10-50 亩
|
|
72
|
-
- **生活**:乡村小康
|
|
73
|
-
- **地位**:能供子女读书
|
|
74
|
-
- **收入**:年收入 100-300 银元
|
|
75
|
-
|
|
76
|
-
#### 小商人
|
|
77
|
-
- **类型**:店铺老板、小作坊主
|
|
78
|
-
- **收入**:月收入 30-80 银元
|
|
79
|
-
- **特点**:收入不稳定,受军阀苛捐杂税压迫
|
|
80
|
-
|
|
81
|
-
#### 技术工人
|
|
82
|
-
- **类型**:高级工匠、技师
|
|
83
|
-
- **收入**:月薪 20-40 银元
|
|
84
|
-
- **特点**:相对稳定,有一技之长
|
|
85
|
-
|
|
86
|
-
### 底层民众(70-80%)
|
|
87
|
-
|
|
88
|
-
#### 农民(约 80% 人口)
|
|
89
|
-
|
|
90
|
-
**自耕农**(30%):
|
|
91
|
-
- 拥有少量土地(3-10 亩)
|
|
92
|
-
- 勉强自给自足
|
|
93
|
-
- 年收入 50-150 银元
|
|
94
|
-
- 生活贫困
|
|
95
|
-
|
|
96
|
-
**佃农**(50%):
|
|
97
|
-
- 租种地主土地
|
|
98
|
-
- 交租 50-70%
|
|
99
|
-
- 年收入 30-80 银元
|
|
100
|
-
- 极度贫困
|
|
101
|
-
|
|
102
|
-
**雇农**(20%):
|
|
103
|
-
- 无地,给地主打工
|
|
104
|
-
- 年收入 20-50 银元
|
|
105
|
-
- 最底层
|
|
106
|
-
|
|
107
|
-
**共同特点**:
|
|
108
|
-
- 文盲率 80% 以上
|
|
109
|
-
- 营养不良
|
|
110
|
-
- 疾病缠身
|
|
111
|
-
- 寿命短
|
|
112
|
-
|
|
113
|
-
#### 城市贫民
|
|
114
|
-
|
|
115
|
-
**工人**:
|
|
116
|
-
- 工厂工人:月薪 10-20 银元
|
|
117
|
-
- 码头工人:日薪 0.3-0.5 银元
|
|
118
|
-
- 工作时间长(12-14 小时)
|
|
119
|
-
- 无劳动保护
|
|
120
|
-
|
|
121
|
-
**小贩**:
|
|
122
|
-
- 街头摆摊
|
|
123
|
-
- 日收入 0.2-0.5 银元
|
|
124
|
-
- 不稳定
|
|
125
|
-
|
|
126
|
-
**力工**:
|
|
127
|
-
- 搬运工、建筑工
|
|
128
|
-
- 日薪 0.3-0.6 银元
|
|
129
|
-
- 靠体力吃饭
|
|
130
|
-
|
|
131
|
-
**黄包车夫**:
|
|
132
|
-
- 月收入 8-15 银元
|
|
133
|
-
- 极辛苦
|
|
134
|
-
- 寿命短(平均 30 岁左右)
|
|
135
|
-
|
|
136
|
-
#### 流民
|
|
137
|
-
- 战乱难民
|
|
138
|
-
- 破产农民
|
|
139
|
-
- 沿街乞讨或当土匪
|
|
140
|
-
- 数量庞大(数百万)
|
|
141
|
-
|
|
142
|
-
## 教育体系
|
|
143
|
-
|
|
144
|
-
### 新式学堂
|
|
145
|
-
|
|
146
|
-
#### 小学
|
|
147
|
-
**类型**:
|
|
148
|
-
- 公立小学
|
|
149
|
-
- 私立小学
|
|
150
|
-
- 教会小学
|
|
151
|
-
|
|
152
|
-
**学制**:
|
|
153
|
-
- 初小 4 年
|
|
154
|
-
- 高小 2 年
|
|
155
|
-
|
|
156
|
-
**学费**:
|
|
157
|
-
- 公立:每学期 1-3 银元
|
|
158
|
-
- 私立:每学期 3-8 银元
|
|
159
|
-
- 教会:部分免费(吸引信教)
|
|
160
|
-
|
|
161
|
-
**课程**:
|
|
162
|
-
- 国文、算术、常识、体育
|
|
163
|
-
- 新式小学教白话文
|
|
164
|
-
- 教会小学教英语
|
|
165
|
-
|
|
166
|
-
**入学率**:
|
|
167
|
-
- 城市:30-50%
|
|
168
|
-
- 农村:5-10%
|
|
169
|
-
|
|
170
|
-
#### 中学
|
|
171
|
-
**学制**:
|
|
172
|
-
- 初中 3 年
|
|
173
|
-
- 高中 3 年
|
|
174
|
-
|
|
175
|
-
**学费**:
|
|
176
|
-
- 每学期 5-20 银元
|
|
177
|
-
- 寄宿费另计
|
|
178
|
-
|
|
179
|
-
**课程**:
|
|
180
|
-
- 国文、数学、英语、理化、历史、地理
|
|
181
|
-
|
|
182
|
-
**入学率**:
|
|
183
|
-
- 极低(全国中学生不到 50 万)
|
|
184
|
-
|
|
185
|
-
#### 大学
|
|
186
|
-
**数量**:
|
|
187
|
-
- 全国不到 50 所
|
|
188
|
-
|
|
189
|
-
**学制**:
|
|
190
|
-
- 4 年
|
|
191
|
-
|
|
192
|
-
**学费**:
|
|
193
|
-
- 每学期 20-60 银元
|
|
194
|
-
|
|
195
|
-
**学生数**:
|
|
196
|
-
- 全国不到 3 万人
|
|
197
|
-
- 大学生 = 极稀有的精英
|
|
198
|
-
|
|
199
|
-
**著名大学**:
|
|
200
|
-
- 北京大学、清华学校
|
|
201
|
-
- 燕京大学、圣约翰大学(教会大学)
|
|
202
|
-
- 南开大学、复旦大学
|
|
203
|
-
|
|
204
|
-
### 私塾
|
|
205
|
-
|
|
206
|
-
**仍然存在**:
|
|
207
|
-
- 农村主要教育形式
|
|
208
|
-
- 教四书五经
|
|
209
|
-
- 文言文教学
|
|
210
|
-
|
|
211
|
-
**学费**:
|
|
212
|
-
- 每年 2-5 银元
|
|
213
|
-
- 节日送礼(鸡、肉、布等)
|
|
214
|
-
|
|
215
|
-
**先生地位**:
|
|
216
|
-
- 乡村知识分子
|
|
217
|
-
- 受人尊敬
|
|
218
|
-
|
|
219
|
-
**逐渐衰落**:
|
|
220
|
-
- 被新式学堂取代
|
|
221
|
-
- 但在农村仍占主体
|
|
222
|
-
|
|
223
|
-
### 教会学校
|
|
224
|
-
|
|
225
|
-
**特点**:
|
|
226
|
-
- 西方教会创办
|
|
227
|
-
- 教学质量高
|
|
228
|
-
- 英语教学
|
|
229
|
-
- 部分免费或低学费
|
|
230
|
-
|
|
231
|
-
**目的**:
|
|
232
|
-
- 传播基督教
|
|
233
|
-
- 培养亲西方人才
|
|
234
|
-
|
|
235
|
-
**代表**:
|
|
236
|
-
- 燕京大学、圣约翰大学
|
|
237
|
-
- 各地教会中学、小学
|
|
238
|
-
|
|
239
|
-
**影响**:
|
|
240
|
-
- 培养了大量精英
|
|
241
|
-
- 但被批评为"文化侵略"
|
|
242
|
-
|
|
243
|
-
### 留学
|
|
244
|
-
|
|
245
|
-
**目的地**:
|
|
246
|
-
- **日本**(最多):费用相对低,每年 300-500 银元
|
|
247
|
-
- **美国**:庚子赔款留学,部分免费
|
|
248
|
-
- **法国**:勤工俭学运动
|
|
249
|
-
- **英国、德国**:少量
|
|
250
|
-
|
|
251
|
-
**留学生数量**:
|
|
252
|
-
- 全国不到 5 万人(累计)
|
|
253
|
-
- 极少数精英
|
|
254
|
-
|
|
255
|
-
**费用**:
|
|
256
|
-
- 日本:每年 300-500 银元
|
|
257
|
-
- 美国:每年 800-1500 银元
|
|
258
|
-
- 欧洲:每年 1000-2000 银元
|
|
259
|
-
|
|
260
|
-
**影响**:
|
|
261
|
-
- 回国后成为社会中坚
|
|
262
|
-
- 思想最为西化
|
|
263
|
-
- 推动社会变革
|
|
264
|
-
|
|
265
|
-
## 家族制度
|
|
266
|
-
|
|
267
|
-
### 家族结构
|
|
268
|
-
|
|
269
|
-
**大家族**(传统):
|
|
270
|
-
- 3-4 代同堂
|
|
271
|
-
- 祖父母、父母、子女、孙子女
|
|
272
|
-
- 旁系亲属(叔伯、堂兄弟)
|
|
273
|
-
- 人口可达几十上百人
|
|
274
|
-
|
|
275
|
-
**核心家庭**(新兴):
|
|
276
|
-
- 父母、子女
|
|
277
|
-
- 城市知识分子家庭
|
|
278
|
-
- 逐渐增多
|
|
279
|
-
|
|
280
|
-
### 家族等级
|
|
281
|
-
|
|
282
|
-
**辈分**:
|
|
283
|
-
- 祖父母 > 父母 > 子女 > 孙子女
|
|
284
|
-
- 绝对服从
|
|
285
|
-
- 不可违逆
|
|
286
|
-
|
|
287
|
-
**嫡庶之别**:
|
|
288
|
-
- 正妻所生 = 嫡子
|
|
289
|
-
- 妾所生 = 庶子
|
|
290
|
-
- 地位差异大
|
|
291
|
-
|
|
292
|
-
**长幼有序**:
|
|
293
|
-
- 长子地位最高
|
|
294
|
-
- 继承家产
|
|
295
|
-
- 主持家族事务
|
|
296
|
-
|
|
297
|
-
### 家族权威
|
|
298
|
-
|
|
299
|
-
**家长制**:
|
|
300
|
-
- 家长(通常是祖父或父亲)有绝对权威
|
|
301
|
-
- 决定子女婚姻
|
|
302
|
-
- 决定家产分配
|
|
303
|
-
- 可以体罚甚至逐出家门
|
|
304
|
-
|
|
305
|
-
**族长**:
|
|
306
|
-
- 大家族有族长
|
|
307
|
-
- 主持族务
|
|
308
|
-
- 调解纠纷
|
|
309
|
-
- 执行家法
|
|
310
|
-
|
|
311
|
-
**祠堂**:
|
|
312
|
-
- 家族祭祀场所
|
|
313
|
-
- 家族会议场所
|
|
314
|
-
- 执行家法场所
|
|
315
|
-
|
|
316
|
-
### 家族责任
|
|
317
|
-
|
|
318
|
-
**养老**:
|
|
319
|
-
- 子女必须赡养父母
|
|
320
|
-
- 不孝 = 最大罪过
|
|
321
|
-
|
|
322
|
-
**祭祖**:
|
|
323
|
-
- 定期祭祀祖先
|
|
324
|
-
- 清明、中元节、除夕
|
|
325
|
-
|
|
326
|
-
**光宗耀祖**:
|
|
327
|
-
- 读书做官
|
|
328
|
-
- 发财致富
|
|
329
|
-
- 为家族争光
|
|
330
|
-
|
|
331
|
-
## 婚姻制度
|
|
332
|
-
|
|
333
|
-
### 包办婚姻(主流)
|
|
334
|
-
|
|
335
|
-
**父母之命,媒妁之言**:
|
|
336
|
-
- 父母决定子女婚姻
|
|
337
|
-
- 通过媒人说合
|
|
338
|
-
- 男女双方婚前不见面
|
|
339
|
-
|
|
340
|
-
**流程**:
|
|
341
|
-
1. **提亲**:男方家长托媒人到女方家提亲
|
|
342
|
-
2. **合八字**:交换生辰八字,请算命先生合婚
|
|
343
|
-
3. **订婚**:交换庚帖,男方送聘礼
|
|
344
|
-
4. **迎娶**:花轿迎亲,拜堂成亲
|
|
345
|
-
|
|
346
|
-
**聘礼**:
|
|
347
|
-
- 富裕家庭:50-200 银元 + 金银首饰、布匹
|
|
348
|
-
- 普通家庭:10-30 银元 + 简单礼品
|
|
349
|
-
- 贫困家庭:几块银元或以物易物
|
|
350
|
-
|
|
351
|
-
**年龄**:
|
|
352
|
-
- 女:15-18 岁
|
|
353
|
-
- 男:18-22 岁
|
|
354
|
-
- 童养媳:女孩幼年被卖到男方家
|
|
355
|
-
|
|
356
|
-
### 自由恋爱(新兴)
|
|
357
|
-
|
|
358
|
-
**极少数**:
|
|
359
|
-
- 主要在城市知识分子中
|
|
360
|
-
- 被传统社会视为"伤风败俗"
|
|
361
|
-
|
|
362
|
-
**阻力巨大**:
|
|
363
|
-
- 父母反对
|
|
364
|
-
- 社会舆论压力
|
|
365
|
-
- 许多悲剧(被迫嫁人、殉情、私奔)
|
|
366
|
-
|
|
367
|
-
**代表人物**:
|
|
368
|
-
- 鲁迅与许广平
|
|
369
|
-
- 徐志摩与陆小曼
|
|
370
|
-
|
|
371
|
-
### 纳妾制度
|
|
372
|
-
|
|
373
|
-
**合法**:
|
|
374
|
-
- 富人可以纳妾
|
|
375
|
-
- 妾的地位低于正妻
|
|
376
|
-
- 妾所生子女是庶出
|
|
377
|
-
|
|
378
|
-
**原因**:
|
|
379
|
-
- 传宗接代(正妻无子)
|
|
380
|
-
- 炫耀财富
|
|
381
|
-
- 男性特权
|
|
382
|
-
|
|
383
|
-
**数量**:
|
|
384
|
-
- 富人:2-5 个妾
|
|
385
|
-
- 军阀:可达十几个(张作霖 6 个夫人)
|
|
386
|
-
|
|
387
|
-
### 离婚
|
|
388
|
-
|
|
389
|
-
**极难**:
|
|
390
|
-
- 女性几乎不可能主动离婚
|
|
391
|
-
- 男性可以"休妻"(七出之条)
|
|
392
|
-
- 离婚女性被社会唾弃
|
|
393
|
-
|
|
394
|
-
**七出之条**(男性可休妻的理由):
|
|
395
|
-
1. 不顺父母
|
|
396
|
-
2. 无子
|
|
397
|
-
3. 淫
|
|
398
|
-
4. 妒
|
|
399
|
-
5. 有恶疾
|
|
400
|
-
6. 多言
|
|
401
|
-
7. 窃盗
|
|
402
|
-
|
|
403
|
-
## 性别角色与女性地位
|
|
404
|
-
|
|
405
|
-
### 传统观念
|
|
406
|
-
|
|
407
|
-
**三从四德**:
|
|
408
|
-
- 三从:未嫁从父、既嫁从夫、夫死从子
|
|
409
|
-
- 四德:妇德、妇言、妇容、妇功
|
|
410
|
-
|
|
411
|
-
**男尊女卑**:
|
|
412
|
-
- 女性地位极低
|
|
413
|
-
- 无财产权
|
|
414
|
-
- 无继承权
|
|
415
|
-
- 无离婚权
|
|
416
|
-
|
|
417
|
-
**重男轻女**:
|
|
418
|
-
- 生男孩 = 喜事
|
|
419
|
-
- 生女孩 = 失望
|
|
420
|
-
- 溺婴(女婴)现象存在
|
|
421
|
-
|
|
422
|
-
### 缠足
|
|
423
|
-
|
|
424
|
-
**仍然存在**:
|
|
425
|
-
- 农村仍有大量缠足女性
|
|
426
|
-
- 城市逐渐减少
|
|
427
|
-
|
|
428
|
-
**天足运动**:
|
|
429
|
-
- 1920年代城市基本消除
|
|
430
|
-
- 农村仍有
|
|
431
|
-
- 天足 = 进步象征
|
|
432
|
-
|
|
433
|
-
### 女性教育
|
|
434
|
-
|
|
435
|
-
**极低**:
|
|
436
|
-
- 女性识字率不到 10%
|
|
437
|
-
- 农村女性几乎全是文盲
|
|
438
|
-
|
|
439
|
-
**女子学校**:
|
|
440
|
-
- 城市有女子学校
|
|
441
|
-
- 数量少
|
|
442
|
-
- 学费贵
|
|
443
|
-
|
|
444
|
-
**女大学生**:
|
|
445
|
-
- 极稀有(全国不到 1000 人)
|
|
446
|
-
- 被视为"新女性"
|
|
447
|
-
|
|
448
|
-
### 职业女性
|
|
449
|
-
|
|
450
|
-
**极少数**:
|
|
451
|
-
- 教师(最多)
|
|
452
|
-
- 护士
|
|
453
|
-
- 店员
|
|
454
|
-
- 工厂女工(底层)
|
|
455
|
-
|
|
456
|
-
**社会压力**:
|
|
457
|
-
- 被视为"抛头露面"
|
|
458
|
-
- 传统家庭反对
|
|
459
|
-
|
|
460
|
-
### 新女性
|
|
461
|
-
|
|
462
|
-
**特征**:
|
|
463
|
-
- 受过教育
|
|
464
|
-
- 剪短发
|
|
465
|
-
- 穿旗袍或学生装
|
|
466
|
-
- 追求自由恋爱
|
|
467
|
-
- 有职业
|
|
468
|
-
|
|
469
|
-
**数量**:
|
|
470
|
-
- 极少(不到 1%)
|
|
471
|
-
- 主要在上海、北京等大城市
|
|
472
|
-
|
|
473
|
-
**代表人物**:
|
|
474
|
-
- 冰心、林徽因、丁玲
|
|
475
|
-
|
|
476
|
-
## 宗族与地方权力
|
|
477
|
-
|
|
478
|
-
### 宗族组织
|
|
479
|
-
|
|
480
|
-
**血缘纽带**:
|
|
481
|
-
- 同姓同宗
|
|
482
|
-
- 共同祖先
|
|
483
|
-
- 族谱记载
|
|
484
|
-
|
|
485
|
-
**宗族功能**:
|
|
486
|
-
- 祭祀祖先
|
|
487
|
-
- 调解纠纷
|
|
488
|
-
- 互助合作
|
|
489
|
-
- 维护秩序
|
|
490
|
-
|
|
491
|
-
**族长权威**:
|
|
492
|
-
- 主持族务
|
|
493
|
-
- 执行家法
|
|
494
|
-
- 代表宗族对外
|
|
495
|
-
|
|
496
|
-
### 乡绅阶层
|
|
497
|
-
|
|
498
|
-
**构成**:
|
|
499
|
-
- 退休官员
|
|
500
|
-
- 大地主
|
|
501
|
-
- 读书人
|
|
502
|
-
|
|
503
|
-
**权力**:
|
|
504
|
-
- 在乡村有绝对权威
|
|
505
|
-
- 调解纠纷
|
|
506
|
-
- 组织公共事务
|
|
507
|
-
- 与官府打交道
|
|
508
|
-
|
|
509
|
-
**地位**:
|
|
510
|
-
- 连接官府与民众
|
|
511
|
-
- 乡村实际统治者
|
|
512
|
-
|
|
513
|
-
### 保甲制度
|
|
514
|
-
|
|
515
|
-
**组织**:
|
|
516
|
-
- 10 户 = 1 甲
|
|
517
|
-
- 10 甲 = 1 保
|
|
518
|
-
- 甲长、保长
|
|
519
|
-
|
|
520
|
-
**功能**:
|
|
521
|
-
- 维持治安
|
|
522
|
-
- 征收税款
|
|
523
|
-
- 摊派差役
|
|
524
|
-
|
|
525
|
-
**弊端**:
|
|
526
|
-
- 保甲长常常欺压百姓
|
|
527
|
-
- 贪污腐败
|
|
528
|
-
|
|
529
|
-
## 秘密社会(帮会)
|
|
530
|
-
|
|
531
|
-
### 青帮
|
|
532
|
-
|
|
533
|
-
**起源**:
|
|
534
|
-
- 清代漕运工人组织
|
|
535
|
-
- 后发展为秘密帮会
|
|
536
|
-
|
|
537
|
-
**势力范围**:
|
|
538
|
-
- 上海、江浙一带
|
|
539
|
-
- 城市为主
|
|
540
|
-
|
|
541
|
-
**代表人物**:
|
|
542
|
-
- 黄金荣、杜月笙、张啸林("上海三大亨")
|
|
543
|
-
|
|
544
|
-
**活动**:
|
|
545
|
-
- 码头、赌场、烟馆
|
|
546
|
-
- 与军阀、租界勾结
|
|
547
|
-
- 亦正亦邪
|
|
548
|
-
|
|
549
|
-
### 洪门(红帮)
|
|
550
|
-
|
|
551
|
-
**起源**:
|
|
552
|
-
- 反清复明组织
|
|
553
|
-
- 后发展为帮会
|
|
554
|
-
|
|
555
|
-
**势力范围**:
|
|
556
|
-
- 全国各地
|
|
557
|
-
- 华侨社会
|
|
558
|
-
|
|
559
|
-
**特点**:
|
|
560
|
-
- 讲义气
|
|
561
|
-
- 反清(后来反军阀)
|
|
562
|
-
- 部分参与革命
|
|
563
|
-
|
|
564
|
-
### 哥老会
|
|
565
|
-
|
|
566
|
-
**势力范围**:
|
|
567
|
-
- 四川、云贵
|
|
568
|
-
- 长江流域
|
|
569
|
-
|
|
570
|
-
**成员**:
|
|
571
|
-
- 码头工人、船工
|
|
572
|
-
- 游民、土匪
|
|
573
|
-
|
|
574
|
-
**特点**:
|
|
575
|
-
- 组织松散
|
|
576
|
-
- 亦正亦邪
|
|
577
|
-
|
|
578
|
-
### 帮会文化
|
|
579
|
-
|
|
580
|
-
**入会仪式**:
|
|
581
|
-
- 拜香堂
|
|
582
|
-
- 结拜兄弟
|
|
583
|
-
- 歃血为盟
|
|
584
|
-
|
|
585
|
-
**规矩**:
|
|
586
|
-
- 讲义气
|
|
587
|
-
- 守规矩
|
|
588
|
-
- 不出卖兄弟
|
|
589
|
-
|
|
590
|
-
**暗语**:
|
|
591
|
-
- 切口(黑话)
|
|
592
|
-
- 手势
|
|
593
|
-
- 识别身份
|
|
594
|
-
|
|
595
|
-
## 常见误区
|
|
596
|
-
|
|
597
|
-
### ❌ 误区 1:所有人都生活在大家族中
|
|
598
|
-
**现实**:
|
|
599
|
-
- 大家族主要在富裕家庭
|
|
600
|
-
- 普通家庭多是核心家庭(父母子女)
|
|
601
|
-
- 贫困家庭常常家破人亡
|
|
602
|
-
|
|
603
|
-
### ❌ 误区 2:女性普遍觉醒
|
|
604
|
-
**现实**:
|
|
605
|
-
- 只有极少数城市女性
|
|
606
|
-
- 农村女性仍受传统束缚
|
|
607
|
-
- 女性解放是漫长过程
|
|
608
|
-
|
|
609
|
-
### ❌ 误区 3:教育很普及
|
|
610
|
-
**现实**:
|
|
611
|
-
- 识字率不到 30%
|
|
612
|
-
- 农村文盲率 80% 以上
|
|
613
|
-
- 大学生不到 3 万人
|
|
614
|
-
|
|
615
|
-
### ❌ 误区 4:社会流动性强
|
|
616
|
-
**现实**:
|
|
617
|
-
- 阶层固化严重
|
|
618
|
-
- 上升通道极窄
|
|
619
|
-
- 主要通过教育和从军
|
|
620
|
-
|
|
621
|
-
### ❌ 误区 5:帮会都是黑社会
|
|
622
|
-
**现实**:
|
|
623
|
-
- 帮会亦正亦邪
|
|
624
|
-
- 有互助功能
|
|
625
|
-
- 部分参与革命
|
|
626
|
-
- 但也有犯罪活动
|
|
627
|
-
|
|
628
|
-
## 写作应用
|
|
629
|
-
|
|
630
|
-
### 塑造不同阶层角色
|
|
631
|
-
|
|
632
|
-
**上层**:
|
|
633
|
-
```
|
|
634
|
-
✓ 他住在洋房里,有汽车,有姨太太,过着奢华生活
|
|
635
|
-
✓ 但他也担心军阀混战,财产不保
|
|
636
|
-
```
|
|
637
|
-
|
|
638
|
-
**中产**:
|
|
639
|
-
```
|
|
640
|
-
✓ 他是小学教师,月薪三十块,勉强维持小康
|
|
641
|
-
✓ 能供儿子读中学,已经很不容易
|
|
642
|
-
```
|
|
643
|
-
|
|
644
|
-
**底层**:
|
|
645
|
-
```
|
|
646
|
-
✓ 他是佃农,一年到头辛苦劳作,交完租还是吃不饱
|
|
647
|
-
✓ 儿子想读书,但连学费都交不起
|
|
648
|
-
```
|
|
649
|
-
|
|
650
|
-
### 描写家族矛盾
|
|
651
|
-
|
|
652
|
-
**代际冲突**:
|
|
653
|
-
```
|
|
654
|
-
✓ 父亲要他娶门当户对的大家闺秀,他却爱上了女学生
|
|
655
|
-
✓ 祖父坚持传统,他却接受了新思想,家里天天吵架
|
|
656
|
-
```
|
|
657
|
-
|
|
658
|
-
**嫡庶矛盾**:
|
|
659
|
-
```
|
|
660
|
-
✓ 他是庶出,虽然聪明,但在家里地位不如嫡兄
|
|
661
|
-
✓ 父亲去世,嫡兄继承家产,他只分到一小部分
|
|
662
|
-
```
|
|
663
|
-
|
|
664
|
-
### 描写婚姻场景
|
|
665
|
-
|
|
666
|
-
**包办婚姻**:
|
|
667
|
-
```
|
|
668
|
-
✓ 拜堂那天,他才第一次见到新娘
|
|
669
|
-
✓ 掀开盖头,是个陌生的面孔
|
|
670
|
-
```
|
|
671
|
-
|
|
672
|
-
**自由恋爱的阻力**:
|
|
673
|
-
```
|
|
674
|
-
✓ 父母坚决反对,威胁要断绝关系
|
|
675
|
-
✓ 她被关在家里,不许出门
|
|
676
|
-
✓ 最后他们决定私奔
|
|
677
|
-
```
|
|
678
|
-
|
|
679
|
-
### 描写社会礼仪
|
|
680
|
-
|
|
681
|
-
**称呼**:
|
|
682
|
-
```
|
|
683
|
-
✓ 对长辈:老爷、太太、老爷子、老太太
|
|
684
|
-
✓ 对平辈:先生、太太、小姐、少爷
|
|
685
|
-
✓ 对下人:阿福、翠花(直呼其名)
|
|
686
|
-
```
|
|
687
|
-
|
|
688
|
-
**见面礼**:
|
|
689
|
-
```
|
|
690
|
-
✓ 传统:作揖、磕头
|
|
691
|
-
✓ 新式:鞠躬、握手
|
|
692
|
-
✓ 矛盾:他想握手,对方却要磕头
|
|
693
|
-
```
|
|
694
|
-
|
|
695
|
-
## 参考来源
|
|
696
|
-
|
|
697
|
-
- 《民国社会史》
|
|
698
|
-
- 《中国家族制度史》
|
|
699
|
-
- 《民国婚姻史》
|
|
700
|
-
- 《中国妇女运动史》
|
|
701
|
-
- 《民国教育史》
|
|
702
|
-
- 老舍、巴金等作家的小说(真实反映社会)
|
|
703
|
-
- 民国时期报刊、回忆录
|