nastech-tui 0.0.1

package/packages/nastech-ink/src/ink/log-update.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
+import { type AnsiCode, ansiCodesToString, diffAnsiCodes } from '@alcalzone/ansi-tokenize'
+
+import { logForDebugging } from '../utils/debug.js'
+
+import type { Diff, FlickerReason, Frame } from './frame.js'
+import type { Point } from './layout/geometry.js'
+import {
+  type Cell,
+  cellAt,
+  CellWidth,
+  charInCellAt,
+  diffEach,
+  type Hyperlink,
+  isEmptyCellAt,
+  type Screen,
+  shiftRows,
+  type StylePool,
+  visibleCellAtIndex
+} from './screen.js'
+import {
+  scrollDown as csiScrollDown,
+  scrollUp as csiScrollUp,
+  CURSOR_HOME,
+  RESET_SCROLL_REGION,
+  setScrollRegion
+} from './termio/csi.js'
+import { LINK_END, link as oscLink } from './termio/osc.js'
+
+type State = {
+  previousOutput: string
+}
+
+type Options = {
+  isTTY: boolean
+  stylePool: StylePool
+}
+
+const CARRIAGE_RETURN = { type: 'carriageReturn' } as const
+const NEWLINE = { type: 'stdout', content: '\n' } as const
+
+export class LogUpdate {
+  private state: State
+
+  constructor(private readonly options: Options) {
+    this.state = {
+      previousOutput: ''
+    }
+  }
+
+  renderPreviousOutput_DEPRECATED(prevFrame: Frame): Diff {
+    if (!this.options.isTTY) {
+      // Non-TTY output is no longer supported (string output was removed)
+      return [NEWLINE]
+    }
+
+    return this.getRenderOpsForDone(prevFrame)
+  }
+
+  // Called when process resumes from suspension (SIGCONT) to prevent clobbering terminal content
+  reset(): void {
+    this.state.previousOutput = ''
+  }
+
+  private renderFullFrame(frame: Frame): Diff {
+    const { screen } = frame
+    const lines: string[] = []
+    let currentStyles: AnsiCode[] = []
+    let currentHyperlink: Hyperlink = undefined
+
+    for (let y = 0; y < screen.height; y++) {
+      let line = ''
+
+      for (let x = 0; x < screen.width; x++) {
+        const cell = cellAt(screen, x, y)
+
+        if (cell && cell.width !== CellWidth.SpacerTail) {
+          // Handle hyperlink transitions
+          if (cell.hyperlink !== currentHyperlink) {
+            if (currentHyperlink !== undefined) {
+              line += LINK_END
+            }
+
+            if (cell.hyperlink !== undefined) {
+              line += oscLink(cell.hyperlink)
+            }
+
+            currentHyperlink = cell.hyperlink
+          }
+
+          const cellStyles = this.options.stylePool.get(cell.styleId)
+          const styleDiff = diffAnsiCodes(currentStyles, cellStyles)
+
+          if (styleDiff.length > 0) {
+            line += ansiCodesToString(styleDiff)
+            currentStyles = cellStyles
+          }
+
+          line += cell.char
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Close any open hyperlink before resetting styles
+      if (currentHyperlink !== undefined) {
+        line += LINK_END
+        currentHyperlink = undefined
+      }
+
+      // Reset styles at end of line so trimEnd doesn't leave dangling codes
+      const resetCodes = diffAnsiCodes(currentStyles, [])
+
+      if (resetCodes.length > 0) {
+        line += ansiCodesToString(resetCodes)
+        currentStyles = []
+      }
+
+      lines.push(line.trimEnd())
+    }
+
+    if (lines.length === 0) {
+      return []
+    }
+
+    return [{ type: 'stdout', content: lines.join('\n') }]
+  }
+
+  private getRenderOpsForDone(prev: Frame): Diff {
+    this.state.previousOutput = ''
+
+    if (!prev.cursor.visible) {
+      return [{ type: 'cursorShow' }]
+    }
+
+    return []
+  }
+
+  render(prev: Frame, next: Frame, altScreen = false, decstbmSafe = true): Diff {
+    if (!this.options.isTTY) {
+      return this.renderFullFrame(next)
+    }
+
+    const startTime = performance.now()
+    const stylePool = this.options.stylePool
+
+    // Terminal hosts can reflow/preserve old cells on any resize, including
+    // height-only growth. A partial diff can then leave stale transcript rows
+    // or cut off bordered content even when our virtual scrollTop is correct.
+    // Resizing is rare enough that a full repaint is the safer tradeoff.
+    if (
+      next.viewport.height !== prev.viewport.height ||
+      (prev.viewport.width !== 0 && next.viewport.width !== prev.viewport.width)
+    ) {
+      return fullResetSequence_CAUSES_FLICKER(next, 'resize', stylePool)
+    }
+
+    // DECSTBM scroll optimization: when a ScrollBox's scrollTop changed,
+    // shift content with a hardware scroll (CSI top;bot r + CSI n S/T)
+    // instead of rewriting the whole scroll region. The shiftRows on
+    // prev.screen simulates the shift so the diff loop below naturally
+    // finds only the rows that scrolled IN as diffs. prev.screen is
+    // about to become backFrame (reused next render) so mutation is safe.
+    // CURSOR_HOME after RESET_SCROLL_REGION is defensive — DECSTBM reset
+    // homes cursor per spec but terminal implementations vary.
+    //
+    // decstbmSafe: caller passes false when the DECSTBM→diff sequence
+    // can't be made atomic (no DEC 2026 / BSU/ESU). Without atomicity the
+    // outer terminal renders the intermediate state — region scrolled,
+    // edge rows not yet painted — a visible vertical jump on every frame
+    // where scrollTop moves. Falling through to the diff loop writes all
+    // shifted rows: more bytes, no intermediate state. next.screen from
+    // render-node-to-output's blit+shift is correct either way.
+    let scrollPatch: Diff = []
+
+    if (altScreen && next.scrollHint && decstbmSafe) {
+      const { top, bottom, delta } = next.scrollHint
+
+      // Keep DECSTBM away from the terminal's last visible row. In alt-screen
+      // layouts we reserve that lane for status/cursor parking, and scrolling
+      // it can leave transient ghosting/bleed artifacts until a later repaint.
+      if (top >= 0 && bottom < prev.screen.height - 1 && bottom < next.screen.height - 1) {
+        shiftRows(prev.screen, top, bottom, delta)
+        scrollPatch = [
+          {
+            type: 'stdout',
+            content:
+              setScrollRegion(top + 1, bottom + 1) +
+              (delta > 0 ? csiScrollUp(delta) : csiScrollDown(-delta)) +
+              RESET_SCROLL_REGION +
+              CURSOR_HOME
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+
+    // We have to use purely relative operations to manipulate the cursor since
+    // we don't know its starting point.
+    //
+    // When content height >= viewport height AND cursor is at the bottom,
+    // the cursor restore at the end of the previous frame caused terminal scroll.
+    // viewportY tells us how many rows are in scrollback from content overflow.
+    // Additionally, the cursor-restore scroll pushes 1 more row into scrollback.
+    // We need fullReset if any changes are to rows that are now in scrollback.
+    //
+    // This early full-reset check only applies in "steady state" (not growing).
+    // For growing, the viewportY calculation below (with cursorRestoreScroll)
+    // catches unreachable scrollback rows in the diff loop instead.
+    const cursorAtBottom = prev.cursor.y >= prev.screen.height
+    const isGrowing = next.screen.height > prev.screen.height
+
+    // When content fills the viewport exactly (height == viewport) and the
+    // cursor is at the bottom, the cursor-restore LF at the end of the
+    // previous frame scrolled 1 row into scrollback. Use >= to catch this.
+    const prevHadScrollback = cursorAtBottom && prev.screen.height >= prev.viewport.height
+
+    const isShrinking = next.screen.height < prev.screen.height
+    const nextFitsViewport = next.screen.height <= prev.viewport.height
+
+    // When shrinking from above-viewport to at-or-below-viewport, content that
+    // was in scrollback should now be visible. Terminal clear operations can't
+    // bring scrollback content into view, so we need a full reset.
+    // Use <= (not <) because even when next height equals viewport height, the
+    // scrollback depth from the previous render differs from a fresh render.
+    if (prevHadScrollback && nextFitsViewport && isShrinking) {
+      logForDebugging(
+        `Full reset (shrink->below): prevHeight=${prev.screen.height}, nextHeight=${next.screen.height}, viewport=${prev.viewport.height}`
+      )
+
+      return fullResetSequence_CAUSES_FLICKER(next, 'offscreen', stylePool)
+    }
+
+    if (
+      altScreen &&
+      prev.screen.height >= prev.viewport.height &&
+      prev.screen.height > 0 &&
+      cursorAtBottom &&
+      !isGrowing
+    ) {
+      // viewportY = rows in scrollback from content overflow
+      // +1 for the row pushed by cursor-restore scroll
+      const viewportY = prev.screen.height - prev.viewport.height
+      const scrollbackRows = viewportY + 1
+
+      let scrollbackChangeY = -1
+      diffEach(prev.screen, next.screen, (_x, y) => {
+        if (y < scrollbackRows) {
+          scrollbackChangeY = y
+
+          return true // early exit
+        }
+      })
+
+      if (scrollbackChangeY >= 0) {
+        const prevLine = readLine(prev.screen, scrollbackChangeY)
+        const nextLine = readLine(next.screen, scrollbackChangeY)
+
+        return fullResetSequence_CAUSES_FLICKER(next, 'offscreen', stylePool, {
+          triggerY: scrollbackChangeY,
+          prevLine,
+          nextLine
+        })
+      }
+    }
+
+    const screen = new VirtualScreen(prev.cursor, next.viewport.width)
+
+    // Treat empty screen as height 1 to avoid spurious adjustments on first render
+    const heightDelta = Math.max(next.screen.height, 1) - Math.max(prev.screen.height, 1)
+
+    const shrinking = heightDelta < 0
+    const growing = heightDelta > 0
+
+    // Handle shrinking: clear lines from the bottom
+    if (shrinking) {
+      const linesToClear = prev.screen.height - next.screen.height
+
+      // eraseLines only works within the viewport - it can't clear scrollback.
+      // If we need to clear more lines than fit in the viewport, some are in
+      // scrollback, so we need a full reset.
+      if (linesToClear > prev.viewport.height) {
+        return fullResetSequence_CAUSES_FLICKER(next, 'offscreen', this.options.stylePool)
+      }
+
+      // clear(N) moves cursor UP by N-1 lines and to column 0
+      // This puts us at line prev.screen.height - N = next.screen.height
+      // But we want to be at next.screen.height - 1 (bottom of new screen)
+      screen.txn(prev => [
+        [
+          { type: 'clear', count: linesToClear },
+          { type: 'cursorMove', x: 0, y: -1 }
+        ],
+        { dx: -prev.x, dy: -linesToClear }
+      ])
+    }
+
+    // viewportY = number of rows in scrollback (not visible on terminal).
+    // For shrinking: use max(prev, next) because terminal clears don't scroll.
+    // For growing: use prev state because new rows haven't scrolled old ones yet.
+    // When prevHadScrollback, add 1 for the cursor-restore LF that scrolled
+    // an additional row out of view at the end of the previous frame. Without
+    // this, the diff loop treats that row as reachable — but the cursor clamps
+    // at viewport top, causing writes to land 1 row off and garbling the output.
+    const cursorRestoreScroll = prevHadScrollback ? 1 : 0
+
+    const viewportY = growing
+      ? Math.max(0, prev.screen.height - prev.viewport.height + cursorRestoreScroll)
+      : Math.max(prev.screen.height, next.screen.height) - next.viewport.height + cursorRestoreScroll
+
+    let currentStyleId = stylePool.none
+    let currentHyperlink: Hyperlink = undefined
+
+    // First pass: render changes to existing rows (rows < prev.screen.height)
+    let needsFullReset = false
+    let resetTriggerY = -1
+    diffEach(prev.screen, next.screen, (x, y, removed, added) => {
+      // Skip new rows - we'll render them directly after
+      if (growing && y >= prev.screen.height) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      // Skip spacers during rendering because the terminal will automatically
+      // advance 2 columns when we write the wide character itself.
+      // SpacerTail: Second cell of a wide character
+      // SpacerHead: Marks line-end position where wide char wraps to next line
+      if (added && (added.width === CellWidth.SpacerTail || added.width === CellWidth.SpacerHead)) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      if (removed && (removed.width === CellWidth.SpacerTail || removed.width === CellWidth.SpacerHead) && !added) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      // Skip empty cells that don't need to overwrite existing content.
+      // This prevents writing trailing spaces that would cause unnecessary
+      // line wrapping at the edge of the screen.
+      // Uses isEmptyCellAt to check if both packed words are zero (empty cell).
+      if (added && isEmptyCellAt(next.screen, x, y) && !removed) {
+        return
+      }
+
+      // If the cell outside the viewport range has changed, we need to reset
+      // because we can't move the cursor there to draw. In main-screen mode,
+      // those rows are already in terminal scrollback and invisible; resetting
+      // on every scrollback-only update can loop when a resize changes the
+      // physical buffer. Shrink-to-visible cases are handled above.
+      if (y < viewportY) {
+        if (!altScreen) {
+          return
+        }
+
+        needsFullReset = true
+        resetTriggerY = y
+
+        return true // early exit
+      }
+
+      moveCursorTo(screen, x, y)
+
+      if (added) {
+        const targetHyperlink = added.hyperlink
+        currentHyperlink = transitionHyperlink(screen.diff, currentHyperlink, targetHyperlink)
+        const styleStr = stylePool.transition(currentStyleId, added.styleId)
+
+        if (writeCellWithStyleStr(screen, added, styleStr)) {
+          currentStyleId = added.styleId
+        }
+      } else if (removed) {
+        // Cell was removed - clear it with a space
+        // (This handles shrinking content)
+        // Reset any active styles/hyperlinks first to avoid leaking into cleared cells
+        const styleIdToReset = currentStyleId
+        const hyperlinkToReset = currentHyperlink
+        currentStyleId = stylePool.none
+        currentHyperlink = undefined
+
+        screen.txn(() => {
+          const patches: Diff = []
+          transitionStyle(patches, stylePool, styleIdToReset, stylePool.none)
+          transitionHyperlink(patches, hyperlinkToReset, undefined)
+          patches.push({ type: 'stdout', content: ' ' })
+
+          return [patches, { dx: 1, dy: 0 }]
+        })
+      }
+    })
+
+    if (needsFullReset) {
+      return fullResetSequence_CAUSES_FLICKER(next, 'offscreen', stylePool, {
+        triggerY: resetTriggerY,
+        prevLine: readLine(prev.screen, resetTriggerY),
+        nextLine: readLine(next.screen, resetTriggerY)
+      })
+    }
+
+    // Reset styles before rendering new rows (they'll set their own styles)
+    currentStyleId = transitionStyle(screen.diff, stylePool, currentStyleId, stylePool.none)
+    currentHyperlink = transitionHyperlink(screen.diff, currentHyperlink, undefined)
+
+    // Handle growth: render new rows directly (they naturally scroll the terminal)
+    if (growing) {
+      renderFrameSlice(screen, next, prev.screen.height, next.screen.height, stylePool)
+    }
+
+    // Restore cursor. Skipped in alt-screen: the cursor is hidden, its
+    // position only matters as the starting point for the NEXT frame's
+    // relative moves, and in alt-screen the next frame always begins with
+    // CSI H (see ink.tsx onRender) which resets to (0,0) regardless. This
+    // saves a CR + cursorMove round-trip (~6-10 bytes) every frame.
+    //
+    // Main screen: if cursor needs to be past the last line of content
+    // (typical: cursor.y = screen.height), emit \n to create that line
+    // since cursor movement can't create new lines.
+    if (altScreen) {
+      // no-op; next frame's CSI H anchors cursor
+    } else if (next.cursor.y >= next.screen.height) {
+      // Move to column 0 of current line, then emit newlines to reach target row
+      screen.txn(prev => {
+        const rowsToCreate = next.cursor.y - prev.y
+
+        if (rowsToCreate > 0) {
+          // Use CR to resolve pending wrap (if any) without advancing
+          // to the next line, then LF to create each new row.
+          const patches: Diff = new Array<Diff[number]>(1 + rowsToCreate)
+          patches[0] = CARRIAGE_RETURN
+
+          for (let i = 0; i < rowsToCreate; i++) {
+            patches[1 + i] = NEWLINE
+          }
+
+          return [patches, { dx: -prev.x, dy: rowsToCreate }]
+        }
+
+        // At or past target row - need to move cursor to correct position
+        const dy = next.cursor.y - prev.y
+
+        if (dy !== 0 || prev.x !== next.cursor.x) {
+          // Use CR to clear pending wrap (if any), then cursor move
+          const patches: Diff = [CARRIAGE_RETURN]
+          patches.push({ type: 'cursorMove', x: next.cursor.x, y: dy })
+
+          return [patches, { dx: next.cursor.x - prev.x, dy }]
+        }
+
+        return [[], { dx: 0, dy: 0 }]
+      })
+    } else {
+      moveCursorTo(screen, next.cursor.x, next.cursor.y)
+    }
+
+    const elapsed = performance.now() - startTime
+
+    if (elapsed > 50) {
+      const damage = next.screen.damage
+
+      const damageInfo = damage ? `${damage.width}x${damage.height} at (${damage.x},${damage.y})` : 'none'
+
+      logForDebugging(
+        `Slow render: ${elapsed.toFixed(1)}ms, screen: ${next.screen.height}x${next.screen.width}, damage: ${damageInfo}, changes: ${screen.diff.length}`
+      )
+    }
+
+    return scrollPatch.length > 0 ? [...scrollPatch, ...screen.diff] : screen.diff
+  }
+}
+
+function transitionHyperlink(diff: Diff, current: Hyperlink, target: Hyperlink): Hyperlink {
+  if (current !== target) {
+    diff.push({ type: 'hyperlink', uri: target ?? '' })
+
+    return target
+  }
+
+  return current
+}
+
+function transitionStyle(diff: Diff, stylePool: StylePool, currentId: number, targetId: number): number {
+  const str = stylePool.transition(currentId, targetId)
+
+  if (str.length > 0) {
+    diff.push({ type: 'styleStr', str })
+  }
+
+  return targetId
+}
+
+function readLine(screen: Screen, y: number): string {
+  let line = ''
+
+  for (let x = 0; x < screen.width; x++) {
+    line += charInCellAt(screen, x, y) ?? ' '
+  }
+
+  return line.trimEnd()
+}
+
+function fullResetSequence_CAUSES_FLICKER(
+  frame: Frame,
+  reason: FlickerReason,
+  stylePool: StylePool,
+  debug?: { triggerY: number; prevLine: string; nextLine: string }
+): Diff {
+  // After clearTerminal, cursor is at (0, 0)
+  const screen = new VirtualScreen({ x: 0, y: 0 }, frame.viewport.width)
+  renderFrame(screen, frame, stylePool)
+
+  return [{ type: 'clearTerminal', reason, debug }, ...screen.diff]
+}
+
+function renderFrame(screen: VirtualScreen, frame: Frame, stylePool: StylePool): void {
+  renderFrameSlice(screen, frame, 0, frame.screen.height, stylePool)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Render a slice of rows from the frame's screen.
+ * Each row is rendered followed by a newline. Cursor ends at (0, endY).
+ */
+function renderFrameSlice(
+  screen: VirtualScreen,
+  frame: Frame,
+  startY: number,
+  endY: number,
+  stylePool: StylePool
+): VirtualScreen {
+  let currentStyleId = stylePool.none
+  let currentHyperlink: Hyperlink = undefined
+  // Track the styleId of the last rendered cell on this line (-1 if none).
+  // Passed to visibleCellAtIndex to enable fg-only space optimization.
+  let lastRenderedStyleId = -1
+
+  const { width: screenWidth, cells, charPool, hyperlinkPool } = frame.screen
+
+  let index = startY * screenWidth
+
+  for (let y = startY; y < endY; y += 1) {
+    // Advance cursor to this row using LF (not CSI CUD / cursor-down).
+    // CSI CUD stops at the viewport bottom margin and cannot scroll,
+    // but LF scrolls the viewport to create new lines. Without this,
+    // when the cursor is at the viewport bottom, moveCursorTo's
+    // cursor-down silently fails, creating a permanent off-by-one
+    // between the virtual cursor and the real terminal cursor.
+    if (screen.cursor.y < y) {
+      const rowsToAdvance = y - screen.cursor.y
+      screen.txn(prev => {
+        const patches: Diff = new Array<Diff[number]>(1 + rowsToAdvance)
+        patches[0] = CARRIAGE_RETURN
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < rowsToAdvance; i++) {
+          patches[1 + i] = NEWLINE
+        }
+
+        return [patches, { dx: -prev.x, dy: rowsToAdvance }]
+      })
+    }
+
+    // Reset at start of each line — no cell rendered yet
+    lastRenderedStyleId = -1
+
+    for (let x = 0; x < screenWidth; x += 1, index += 1) {
+      // Skip spacers, unstyled empty cells, and fg-only styled spaces that
+      // match the last rendered style (since cursor-forward produces identical
+      // visual result). visibleCellAtIndex handles the optimization internally
+      // to avoid allocating Cell objects for skipped cells.
+      const cell = visibleCellAtIndex(cells, charPool, hyperlinkPool, index, lastRenderedStyleId)
+
+      if (!cell) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      moveCursorTo(screen, x, y)
+
+      // Handle hyperlink
+      const targetHyperlink = cell.hyperlink
+      currentHyperlink = transitionHyperlink(screen.diff, currentHyperlink, targetHyperlink)
+
+      // Style transition — cached string, zero allocations after warmup
+      const styleStr = stylePool.transition(currentStyleId, cell.styleId)
+
+      if (writeCellWithStyleStr(screen, cell, styleStr)) {
+        currentStyleId = cell.styleId
+        lastRenderedStyleId = cell.styleId
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Reset styles/hyperlinks before newline so background color doesn't
+    // bleed into the next line when the terminal scrolls. The old code
+    // reset implicitly by writing trailing unstyled spaces; now that we
+    // skip empty cells, we must reset explicitly.
+    currentStyleId = transitionStyle(screen.diff, stylePool, currentStyleId, stylePool.none)
+    currentHyperlink = transitionHyperlink(screen.diff, currentHyperlink, undefined)
+    // CR+LF at end of row — \r resets to column 0, \n moves to next line.
+    // Without \r, the terminal cursor stays at whatever column content ended
+    // (since we skip trailing spaces, this can be mid-row).
+    screen.txn(prev => [[CARRIAGE_RETURN, NEWLINE], { dx: -prev.x, dy: 1 }])
+  }
+
+  // Reset any open style/hyperlink at end of slice
+  transitionStyle(screen.diff, stylePool, currentStyleId, stylePool.none)
+  transitionHyperlink(screen.diff, currentHyperlink, undefined)
+
+  return screen
+}
+
+type Delta = { dx: number; dy: number }
+
+/**
+ * Write a cell with a pre-serialized style transition string (from
+ * StylePool.transition). Inlines the txn logic to avoid closure/tuple/delta
+ * allocations on every cell.
+ *
+ * Returns true if the cell was written, false if skipped (wide char at
+ * viewport edge). Callers MUST gate currentStyleId updates on this — when
+ * skipped, styleStr is never pushed and the terminal's style state is
+ * unchanged. Updating the virtual tracker anyway desyncs it from the
+ * terminal, and the next transition is computed from phantom state.
+ */
+function writeCellWithStyleStr(screen: VirtualScreen, cell: Cell, styleStr: string): boolean {
+  const cellWidth = cell.width === CellWidth.Wide ? 2 : 1
+  const px = screen.cursor.x
+  const vw = screen.viewportWidth
+
+  // Don't write wide chars that would cross the viewport edge.
+  // Single-codepoint chars (CJK) at vw-2 are safe; multi-codepoint
+  // graphemes (flags, ZWJ emoji) need stricter threshold.
+  if (cellWidth === 2 && px < vw) {
+    const threshold = cell.char.length > 2 ? vw : vw + 1
+
+    if (px + 2 >= threshold) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+
+  const diff = screen.diff
+
+  if (styleStr.length > 0) {
+    diff.push({ type: 'styleStr', str: styleStr })
+  }
+
+  const needsCompensation = cellWidth === 2 && needsWidthCompensation(cell.char)
+
+  // On terminals with old wcwidth tables, a compensated emoji only advances
+  // the cursor 1 column, so the CHA below skips column x+1 without painting
+  // it. Write a styled space there first — on correct terminals the emoji
+  // glyph (width 2) overwrites it harmlessly; on old terminals it fills the
+  // gap with the emoji's background. Also clears any stale content at x+1.
+  // CHA is 1-based, so column px+1 (0-based) is CHA target px+2.
+  if (needsCompensation && px + 1 < vw) {
+    diff.push({ type: 'cursorTo', col: px + 2 })
+    diff.push({ type: 'stdout', content: ' ' })
+    diff.push({ type: 'cursorTo', col: px + 1 })
+  }
+
+  diff.push({ type: 'stdout', content: cell.char })
+
+  // Force terminal cursor to correct column after the emoji.
+  if (needsCompensation) {
+    diff.push({ type: 'cursorTo', col: px + cellWidth + 1 })
+  }
+
+  // Update cursor — mutate in place to avoid Point allocation
+  if (px >= vw) {
+    screen.cursor.x = cellWidth
+    screen.cursor.y++
+  } else {
+    screen.cursor.x = px + cellWidth
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
+
+function moveCursorTo(screen: VirtualScreen, targetX: number, targetY: number) {
+  screen.txn(prev => {
+    const dx = targetX - prev.x
+    const dy = targetY - prev.y
+    const inPendingWrap = prev.x >= screen.viewportWidth
+
+    // If we're in pending wrap state (cursor.x >= width), use CR
+    // to reset to column 0 on the current line without advancing
+    // to the next line, then issue the cursor movement.
+    if (inPendingWrap) {
+      return [[CARRIAGE_RETURN, { type: 'cursorMove', x: targetX, y: dy }], { dx, dy }]
+    }
+
+    // When moving to a different line, use carriage return (\r) to reset to
+    // column 0 first, then cursor move.
+    if (dy !== 0) {
+      return [[CARRIAGE_RETURN, { type: 'cursorMove', x: targetX, y: dy }], { dx, dy }]
+    }
+
+    // Standard same-line cursor move
+    return [[{ type: 'cursorMove', x: dx, y: dy }], { dx, dy }]
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Identify emoji where the terminal's wcwidth may disagree with Unicode.
+ * On terminals with correct tables, the CHA we emit is a harmless no-op.
+ *
+ * Two categories:
+ * 1. Newer emoji (Unicode 12.0+) missing from terminal wcwidth tables.
+ * 2. Text-by-default emoji + VS16 (U+FE0F): the base codepoint is width 1
+ *    in wcwidth, but VS16 triggers emoji presentation making it width 2.
+ *    Examples: ⚔️ (U+2694), ☠️ (U+2620), ❤️ (U+2764).
+ */
+function needsWidthCompensation(char: string): boolean {
+  const cp = char.codePointAt(0)
+
+  if (cp === undefined) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  // U+1FA70-U+1FAFF: Symbols and Pictographs Extended-A (Unicode 12.0-15.0)
+  // U+1FB00-U+1FBFF: Symbols for Legacy Computing (Unicode 13.0)
+  if ((cp >= 0x1fa70 && cp <= 0x1faff) || (cp >= 0x1fb00 && cp <= 0x1fbff)) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  // Text-by-default emoji with VS16: scan for U+FE0F in multi-codepoint
+  // graphemes. Single BMP chars (length 1) and surrogate pairs without VS16
+  // skip this check. VS16 (0xFE0F) can't collide with surrogates (0xD800-0xDFFF).
+  if (char.length >= 2) {
+    for (let i = 0; i < char.length; i++) {
+      if (char.charCodeAt(i) === 0xfe0f) {
+        return true
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false
+}
+
+class VirtualScreen {
+  // Public for direct mutation by writeCellWithStyleStr (avoids txn overhead).
+  // File-private class — not exposed outside log-update.ts.
+  cursor: Point
+  diff: Diff = []
+
+  constructor(
+    origin: Point,
+    readonly viewportWidth: number
+  ) {
+    this.cursor = { ...origin }
+  }
+
+  txn(fn: (prev: Point) => [patches: Diff, next: Delta]): void {
+    const [patches, next] = fn(this.cursor)
+
+    for (const patch of patches) {
+      this.diff.push(patch)
+    }
+
+    this.cursor.x += next.dx
+    this.cursor.y += next.dy
+  }
+}