moshcode 0.59.0 → 0.60.0

package/src/herd-state.mjs

@@ -20,11 +20,39 @@ import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 
 import { ENGINES } from "./engines.mjs";
-import { capture, herdDir, sessionExited } from "./herd.mjs";
+import { capture, herdDir, remoteStatus, sessionExited } from "./herd.mjs";
+import { TOOLS } from "./tools.mjs";
 
 /** The vocabulary the roster, notifications, and `wait` all share. */
 export const STATES = ["working", "blocked", "done", "idle", "unknown"];
 
+/**
+ * What a blocked session is blocked *on* (PRD 0011 R4).
+ *
+ * The roster still prints `blocked`, because five kinds of amber is four more
+ * than anyone reads at a glance. The sub-kind rides in `--json` and in
+ * notifications, where it is worth something: an `--ask` reply to a numbered
+ * menu wants a digit, and one to a question wants a sentence, and answering a
+ * menu with a paragraph types the paragraph into the menu.
+ */
+export const BLOCKED_KINDS = ["permission", "question", "menu"];
+
+/**
+ * Parse the state token a hook or a human passes to `herd report`.
+ *
+ * `blocked:permission` is one string on a command line and two facts here.
+ * Returns null for anything not in the vocabulary — an unknown state has to
+ * fail loudly at the edge rather than be written into the status file where
+ * every later reader has to cope with it.
+ */
+export function parseState(raw) {
+  const [state, kind] = String(raw ?? "").trim().split(":");
+  if (!STATES.includes(state)) return null;
+  if (kind === undefined || kind === "") return { state };
+  if (state !== "blocked" || !BLOCKED_KINDS.includes(kind)) return null;
+  return { state, kind };
+}
+
 /**
  * `gone` is deliberately not in STATES: it is not a state an agent is in, it is
  * the absence of one. It exists so the roster can show what a reboot took and
@@ -101,6 +129,43 @@ export const COMMON_RULES = {
   ],
 };
 
+/**
+ * Which *kind* of blocked a screen is showing.
+ *
+ * Only consulted once a screen has already classified as `blocked`, so these
+ * are labels rather than detectors and can afford to be loose. A screen that
+ * matches nothing here is blocked with no sub-kind, which is exactly what the
+ * roster printed before this existed.
+ */
+export const BLOCKED_KIND_RULES = {
+  // The menu test goes first: Claude Code's permission dialog IS a numbered
+  // menu, and "which keystroke answers this" is the question the sub-kind is
+  // for. A y/n is a menu of two with no digits, so it stays a permission.
+  menu: [/^\s*[❯›▸>]\s*\d+\.\s+\S/m],
+  permission: [
+    /\[y\/n\]/i,
+    /\((?:y(?:es)?\/n(?:o)?)\)\s*[:?]?\s*$/im,
+    /\((?:Y\)es|N\)o)/,
+    /\bdo you want to\b/i,
+    /\bpermission (?:request|required)\b/i,
+    /\ballow (?:this )?(?:command|tool|execution)\b/i,
+    /\bapprove this (?:command|edit|change)\b/i,
+    /\bwaiting for (?:your )?(?:approval|confirmation)\b/i,
+  ],
+  question: [/\?\s*$/m, /\bpress (?:enter|return) to continue\b/i],
+};
+
+/** The sub-kind of an already-blocked screen, or null when it does not say. */
+export function blockedKind(screen) {
+  const text = stripAnsi(screen);
+  const lines = text.split("\n");
+  const tail = lines.slice(Math.max(0, lines.length - 25)).join("\n");
+  for (const kind of ["menu", "permission", "question"]) {
+    if ((BLOCKED_KIND_RULES[kind] || []).some((re) => re.test(tail))) return kind;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
 /**
  * User overrides, so a rule that rots can be fixed on the box it rots on.
  *
@@ -130,9 +195,76 @@ export function loadUserRules(file = path.join(herdDir(), "rules.json")) {
   return out;
 }
 
-/** The rule set for one engine: user overrides, then its own, then the shared. */
+/** The states a user rules file is allowed to carry patterns for. */
+const RULE_STATES = ["blocked", "working", "idle"];
+
+/**
+ * Everything wrong with the user's rules file, said out loud (PRD 0011 R3).
+ *
+ * loadUserRules() is silent by design — a malformed rules file must not take
+ * down the roster, and it does not. The cost of that is a file which has been
+ * quietly ignored since the day someone typo'd a bracket in it, with the herd
+ * classifying from the built-in rules and nothing anywhere saying so. This is
+ * where that gets to be loud, and `herd doctor` is the one caller.
+ */
+export function inspectUserRules(file = path.join(herdDir(), "rules.json")) {
+  const empty = { file, present: false, ok: true, patterns: 0, problems: [] };
+  let text;
+  try { text = fs.readFileSync(file, "utf8"); }
+  catch (error) {
+    return error.code === "ENOENT" ? empty
+      : { ...empty, present: true, ok: false, problems: [{ where: file, error: String(error.message || error) }] };
+  }
+
+  let raw;
+  try { raw = JSON.parse(text); }
+  catch (error) {
+    return { ...empty, present: true, ok: false, problems: [{ where: file, error: `not valid JSON — ${error.message}` }] };
+  }
+  if (!raw || typeof raw !== "object" || Array.isArray(raw)) {
+    return { ...empty, present: true, ok: false, problems: [{ where: file, error: 'the top level must be { "<engine>": { "blocked": ["…"] } }' }] };
+  }
+
+  const problems = [];
+  let patterns = 0;
+  for (const [engine, group] of Object.entries(raw)) {
+    if (!group || typeof group !== "object" || Array.isArray(group)) {
+      problems.push({ where: engine, error: "must be an object of state → patterns" });
+      continue;
+    }
+    for (const key of Object.keys(group)) {
+      if (!RULE_STATES.includes(key)) {
+        problems.push({ where: `${engine}.${key}`, error: `not a state the classifier reads (${RULE_STATES.join(", ")})` });
+      }
+    }
+    for (const state of RULE_STATES) {
+      if (group[state] === undefined) continue;
+      if (!Array.isArray(group[state])) {
+        problems.push({ where: `${engine}.${state}`, error: "must be an array of pattern strings" });
+        continue;
+      }
+      for (const pattern of group[state]) {
+        try { new RegExp(pattern, "im"); patterns++; }
+        catch (error) { problems.push({ where: `${engine}.${state}`, pattern: String(pattern), error: String(error.message || error) }); }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return { file, present: true, ok: problems.length === 0, patterns, problems };
+}
+
+/**
+ * The rule set for one engine: user overrides, then its own, then the shared.
+ *
+ * TOOLS is consulted as well as ENGINES because `herd run -- gradient agent run
+ * --dev` names its session after the binary, and the workflow CLIs are exactly
+ * the long-running processes people put in the herd next to an agent (PRD 0011
+ * R15). A tool's rules live in src/tools.mjs beside its install spec for the
+ * same reason an engine's live beside its own.
+ */
 export function rulesFor(engine, { userRules = loadUserRules() } = {}) {
-  const own = ENGINES[engine]?.state || {};
+  const own = (Object.hasOwn(ENGINES, engine) ? ENGINES[engine]?.state : null)
+    || (Object.hasOwn(TOOLS, engine) ? TOOLS[engine]?.state : null)
+    || {};
   const user = userRules[engine] || {};
   const common = userRules.common || {};
   const merge = (state) => [
@@ -179,13 +311,18 @@ export function classify(screen, rules) {
  * someone noticed by hand.
  */
 export function reportState(name, state, { ttl = HOOK_TTL_MS, now = Date.now() } = {}) {
-  if (!STATES.includes(state)) return { ok: false, error: new Error(`unknown state ${JSON.stringify(state)} — one of ${STATES.join(", ")}`) };
+  const parsed = parseState(state);
+  if (!parsed) {
+    return { ok: false, error: new Error(`unknown state ${JSON.stringify(state)} — one of ${STATES.join(", ")}${` (blocked takes :${BLOCKED_KINDS.join(", :")})`}`) };
+  }
   try {
     fs.mkdirSync(statusDir(), { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
     const file = statusFile(name);
-    fs.writeFileSync(file, JSON.stringify({ state, at: now, ttl: Math.min(Number(ttl) || HOOK_TTL_MS, HOOK_TTL_MS) }), { mode: 0o600 });
+    const record = { state: parsed.state, at: now, ttl: Math.min(Number(ttl) || HOOK_TTL_MS, HOOK_TTL_MS) };
+    if (parsed.kind) record.kind = parsed.kind;
+    fs.writeFileSync(file, JSON.stringify(record), { mode: 0o600 });
     fs.chmodSync(file, 0o600);
-    return { ok: true, state };
+    return { ok: true, ...parsed };
   } catch (error) {
     return { ok: false, error };
   }
@@ -199,7 +336,9 @@ export function hookReport(name, { now = Date.now() } = {}) {
   if (!raw || !STATES.includes(raw.state)) return null;
   const ttl = Math.min(Number(raw.ttl) || HOOK_TTL_MS, HOOK_TTL_MS);
   if (!Number.isFinite(raw.at) || now - raw.at > ttl) return null;
-  return { state: raw.state, at: raw.at };
+  const report = { state: raw.state, at: raw.at };
+  if (raw.state === "blocked" && BLOCKED_KINDS.includes(raw.kind)) report.kind = raw.kind;
+  return report;
 }
 
 export function clearReport(name) {
@@ -218,10 +357,20 @@ export function clearReport(name) {
  * first useful question is "was anything even reading the screen?", and a
  * roster that cannot answer it sends people to read this file instead.
  */
-export function sessionState(session, { now = Date.now(), userRules = loadUserRules(), read = capture } = {}) {
+export function sessionState(session, { now = Date.now(), userRules = loadUserRules(), read = capture, remote = remoteStatus } = {}) {
   const name = typeof session === "string" ? session : session.name;
   const meta = typeof session === "string" ? {} : session;
 
+  // A remote member's state is the remote's claim and nothing more (PRD 0011
+  // R11). It is reported with `authority: "remote"` so nobody mistakes a URL
+  // that answered five minutes ago for something this box just verified.
+  if (meta.kind === "remote") {
+    const claim = remote(name, { now });
+    return claim?.state
+      ? { state: claim.state, authority: "remote" }
+      : { state: "unknown", authority: "remote" };
+  }
+
   if (meta.alive === false) return { state: "gone", authority: "runtime" };
 
   // A finished process is done, and no screen rule gets a vote on that. This is
@@ -231,11 +380,19 @@ export function sessionState(session, { now = Date.now(), userRules = loadUserRu
   if (exited === null && meta.alive === undefined) return { state: "gone", authority: "runtime" };
 
   const hook = hookReport(name, { now });
-  if (hook) return { state: hook.state, authority: "hook" };
+  if (hook) return hook.kind ? { state: hook.state, authority: "hook", blockedOn: hook.kind } : { state: hook.state, authority: "hook" };
 
   const screen = read(name);
   if (!screen) return { state: "unknown", authority: "screen" };
-  return { state: classify(screen, rulesFor(meta.engine, { userRules })), authority: "screen" };
+  const state = classify(screen, rulesFor(meta.engine, { userRules }));
+  // `blockedOn` is only ever added when there is one to add: this object is
+  // spread over every roster row, so an always-present `blockedOn: undefined`
+  // would be a new key on every row for the benefit of none. It is also not
+  // called `kind` — that name already belongs to the row, where it says whether
+  // the member is a local pty or a URL.
+  if (state !== "blocked") return { state, authority: "screen" };
+  const kind = blockedKind(screen);
+  return kind ? { state, authority: "screen", blockedOn: kind } : { state, authority: "screen" };
 }
 
 /** listSessions() output, each row carrying its state. */

package/src/herd-tasks.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+// The task ledger — what happened, not just what is happening (PRD 0011 R5–R7).
+//
+// `moshcode ps` answers "now". It is the whole reason the roster exists and it
+// is genuinely all most people need at 11pm. It is also everything the herd
+// remembered: `herd prompt api "…" --wait` returned, and then the evidence
+// evaporated. Which prompts were submitted, when each one blocked, what came
+// back, how long the human took to answer — none of it was anywhere, which made
+// the herd's party trick (fan four engines out overnight) unauditable by
+// construction.
+//
+// So every prompt mints a TASK: an id, the text that was submitted, its state
+// transitions with timestamps, and the output it produced. The watch loop
+// already observed every one of those transitions and threw each away after
+// deciding whether to buzz a phone; this is the write inserted at that same
+// decision, not a second poller.
+//
+// WHAT THIS IS NOT. It is not a trace of the engine. We do not own those
+// runtimes, and pretending to see inside one would be paint-reading with extra
+// steps. What the herd can attest to honestly is: this text went in at this
+// time, the session moved through these states, and this is what was on the
+// screen that had not been there before. That is what is recorded.
+//
+// JSONL, one file per session, 0600. The manifest's reason for 0600 applies one
+// step harder here: the manifest records the argv an engine was launched with,
+// and this records what the engine *said*, which regularly contains secrets the
+// user never typed.
+import fs from "node:fs";
+import path from "node:path";
+
+import { herdDir } from "./herd.mjs";
+
+/** Terminal states for a task: the engine stopped needing the CPU. */
+export const TERMINAL_STATES = ["blocked", "done", "idle"];
+
+/**
+ * Retention. An append-only file with no cap is a disk-eater with a delay on
+ * it, and the delay is however long the operator finds this feature useful.
+ */
+export const MAX_TASKS_PER_SESSION = 500;
+export const MAX_LEDGER_BYTES = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+/**
+ * How much of an artifact goes inline.
+ *
+ * The tail, not the head: an agent's answer is the last thing it printed, and
+ * the first 8KB of a long run is the part you already watched. Truncation is
+ * recorded rather than hidden, because an artifact that silently lost its
+ * middle is worse than one that says it did.
+ */
+export const MAX_ARTIFACT_CHARS = 8000;
+
+const tasksDir = () => path.join(herdDir(), "tasks");
+const ledgerFile = (session) => path.join(tasksDir(), `${session}.jsonl`);
+const seqFile = () => path.join(tasksDir(), "seq");
+
+function ensureDir() {
+  fs.mkdirSync(tasksDir(), { recursive: true, mode: 0o700 });
+}
+
+/**
+ * The next task id, herd-wide.
+ *
+ * Herd-wide rather than per-session so that `herd task t-07` means one task and
+ * not one per member — the id is a handle people paste, and an ambiguous handle
+ * is not one. The counter is a file with a lock beside it; if the lock cannot
+ * be taken (a genuinely concurrent fan-out, or a stale lock), the id gets a
+ * random suffix instead of blocking. A collision is a cosmetic problem and a
+ * hang is not.
+ */
+export function mintTaskId({ now = Date.now() } = {}) {
+  ensureDir();
+  const lock = `${seqFile()}.lock`;
+  let held = false;
+  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < 50 && !held; attempt++) {
+    try { fs.closeSync(fs.openSync(lock, "wx")); held = true; }
+    catch {
+      // A lock older than a few seconds belonged to a process that died.
+      try {
+        if (now - fs.statSync(lock).mtimeMs > 5000) fs.rmSync(lock, { force: true });
+      } catch { /* it went away on its own */ }
+    }
+  }
+  try {
+    let next = 1;
+    try { next = Math.max(1, Number(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(seqFile(), "utf8")).next) || 1); }
+    catch { /* first task on this box */ }
+    const id = held ? `t-${String(next).padStart(2, "0")}` : `t-${String(next).padStart(2, "0")}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 6)}`;
+    if (held) {
+      try { fs.writeFileSync(seqFile(), JSON.stringify({ next: next + 1 }), { mode: 0o600 }); }
+      catch { /* the id is still ours; the next one may repeat it */ }
+    }
+    return id;
+  } finally {
+    if (held) { try { fs.rmSync(lock, { force: true }); } catch { /* best effort */ } }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Append one event. Never throws — a lost ledger line must not fail a prompt. */
+function append(session, event) {
+  try {
+    ensureDir();
+    const file = ledgerFile(session);
+    fs.appendFileSync(file, `${JSON.stringify(event)}\n`, { mode: 0o600 });
+    fs.chmodSync(file, 0o600);
+    compact(session);
+    return true;
+  } catch { return false; }
+}
+
+function readLines(session) {
+  let text;
+  try { text = fs.readFileSync(ledgerFile(session), "utf8"); }
+  catch { return []; }
+  const out = [];
+  for (const line of text.split("\n")) {
+    if (!line.trim()) continue;
+    // One unparseable line loses that line, not the ledger. A truncated last
+    // write is the ordinary way this happens and it must not hide the history
+    // above it.
+    try { out.push(JSON.parse(line)); } catch { /* skip */ }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/** Trim to the retention cap, keeping the newest tasks whole. */
+export function compact(session, { maxTasks = MAX_TASKS_PER_SESSION, maxBytes = MAX_LEDGER_BYTES } = {}) {
+  const file = ledgerFile(session);
+  let size = 0;
+  try { size = fs.statSync(file).size; } catch { return false; }
+  // This runs on every append, so the common case has to cost one stat. A task
+  // cannot be smaller than its own submit line, so a ledger under the byte cap
+  // and under `maxTasks` submit-lines' worth of bytes cannot be over either.
+  if (size <= maxBytes && size < maxTasks * 120) return false;
+  const lines = readLines(session);
+  const ids = [];
+  for (const line of lines) if (line.id && !ids.includes(line.id)) ids.push(line.id);
+  const overTasks = ids.length > maxTasks;
+  if (!overTasks && size <= maxBytes) return false;
+
+  // Keep whole tasks, newest first, until the budget is spent. A ledger cut
+  // mid-task would show a submission with no outcome, which reads as an agent
+  // that never answered rather than as a file that was trimmed.
+  const keep = new Set(ids.slice(-maxTasks));
+  let kept = lines.filter((line) => !line.id || keep.has(line.id));
+  while (kept.length && Buffer.byteLength(kept.map((l) => JSON.stringify(l)).join("\n")) > maxBytes) {
+    const oldest = kept.find((l) => l.id)?.id;
+    if (!oldest) break;
+    keep.delete(oldest);
+    kept = kept.filter((line) => !line.id || keep.has(line.id));
+  }
+  try {
+    fs.writeFileSync(file, kept.length ? `${kept.map((l) => JSON.stringify(l)).join("\n")}\n` : "", { mode: 0o600 });
+    return true;
+  } catch { return false; }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Writing
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * A prompt was submitted. Returns the task id, which the caller carries so
+ * later transitions can be attributed to it.
+ *
+ * `screen` is the session's screen at submission time, kept as the baseline the
+ * artifact is a delta against. Storing the whole thing would double every
+ * ledger for the sake of text the operator has already seen.
+ */
+export function startTask(session, text, { screen = "", now = Date.now(), state = null, id = mintTaskId({ now }) } = {}) {
+  append(session, { e: "submit", id, ts: now, text: String(text), state, baseline: baselineOf(screen) });
+  return id;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A state change worth remembering, attributed to a task when one is open.
+ *
+ * A *change*: repeating the state already at the end of the ledger is dropped.
+ * Several things poll the same session at once — a `--wait` prompt runs two
+ * waits back to back, and the watcher is looking at all of them anyway — and
+ * each keeps its own idea of what it last saw. Without this, one prompt writes
+ * `idle` three times and `herd task` prints a transition list where two of the
+ * three rows lasted zero seconds.
+ */
+export function recordTransition(session, state, { id = null, ts = Date.now(), kind = null } = {}) {
+  const previous = lastRecordedState(session);
+  if (previous && previous.state === state && previous.id === id) return false;
+  const event = { e: "state", id, ts, state };
+  if (kind) event.kind = kind;
+  append(session, event);
+  return true;
+}
+
+/** The state at the end of the ledger, whatever wrote it. */
+function lastRecordedState(session) {
+  const lines = readLines(session);
+  for (let i = lines.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    if (lines[i].e === "state" || lines[i].e === "end") return { state: lines[i].state, id: lines[i].id ?? null };
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** The task is over. `artifact` is what the session produced while it ran. */
+export function endTask(session, id, { state = "done", artifact = "", ts = Date.now() } = {}) {
+  const text = String(artifact ?? "");
+  const truncated = text.length > MAX_ARTIFACT_CHARS;
+  append(session, {
+    e: "end", id, ts, state,
+    artifact: truncated ? text.slice(-MAX_ARTIFACT_CHARS) : text,
+    ...(truncated ? { truncated: true, artifactChars: text.length } : {}),
+  });
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The last few lines of a screen, which is all a delta needs to anchor on.
+ *
+ * A whole capture as the baseline would make the ledger as big as the
+ * transcript. The bottom of the screen is where the new output starts, so that
+ * is what has to be remembered to find it again.
+ */
+function baselineOf(screen) {
+  const lines = String(screen ?? "").replace(/\s+$/, "").split("\n");
+  return lines.slice(Math.max(0, lines.length - 8)).join("\n");
+}
+
+/**
+ * What appeared on screen after the baseline — the task's output.
+ *
+ * The engine redraws its whole screen constantly, so "everything after the last
+ * line I saw" is the only definition of new output available to something
+ * reading a terminal from outside. When the baseline cannot be found (a
+ * full-screen repaint scrolled it away, or the session cleared), the honest
+ * answer is the whole current screen rather than an empty artifact.
+ */
+export function screenDelta(baseline, screen) {
+  const after = String(screen ?? "").replace(/\s+$/, "");
+  const anchor = String(baseline ?? "").replace(/\s+$/, "");
+  if (!anchor) return after;
+  // The FIRST occurrence, not the last. A short baseline — a bare shell prompt,
+  // an engine that had just been cleared — can appear again inside the output
+  // it produced, and anchoring on the last match then returns everything after
+  // the final prompt glyph, which is nothing. Both failures are possible; only
+  // one of them is safe. A few extra lines of context is an artifact somebody
+  // can still read, and an empty one is a lie about an agent that answered.
+  const at = after.indexOf(anchor);
+  if (at < 0) return after;
+  // The baseline usually ends mid-line, on the prompt glyph the engine was
+  // sitting at (`… $`), so the delta opens with the space between that glyph
+  // and what got typed. Leading blank lines and that one space are prompt
+  // residue, not output.
+  return after.slice(at + anchor.length).replace(/^\n+/, "").replace(/^[ \t]+/, "");
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Reading
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Every task in one session's ledger, oldest first.
+ *
+ * A task with no `end` event is `open`: either it is still running, or nothing
+ * has looked at that session since it finished. Both are true statements and
+ * the caller can tell them apart by asking the roster; inventing an outcome
+ * here would put a guess in the one place that exists to hold evidence.
+ */
+export function readTasks(session) {
+  const byId = new Map();
+  const order = [];
+  for (const line of readLines(session)) {
+    if (!line.id) continue;
+    if (!byId.has(line.id)) {
+      byId.set(line.id, {
+        id: line.id, session, text: "", submitted: null, baseline: "",
+        transitions: [], state: null, artifact: null, truncated: false, status: "open", endedAt: null,
+      });
+      order.push(line.id);
+    }
+    const task = byId.get(line.id);
+    if (line.e === "submit") {
+      task.text = String(line.text ?? "");
+      task.submitted = line.ts ?? null;
+      task.baseline = String(line.baseline ?? "");
+      if (line.state) task.state = line.state;
+    } else if (line.e === "state") {
+      task.transitions.push({ ts: line.ts ?? null, state: line.state, ...(line.kind ? { kind: line.kind } : {}) });
+      task.state = line.state;
+    } else if (line.e === "end") {
+      task.status = "closed";
+      task.endedAt = line.ts ?? null;
+      task.state = line.state || task.state;
+      task.artifact = String(line.artifact ?? "");
+      task.truncated = Boolean(line.truncated);
+      task.artifactChars = line.artifactChars ?? task.artifact.length;
+    }
+  }
+  return order.map((id) => {
+    const task = byId.get(id);
+    return { ...task, durationMs: task.submitted && task.endedAt ? task.endedAt - task.submitted : null };
+  });
+}
+
+/** Every session that has a ledger. */
+export function ledgerSessions() {
+  try {
+    return fs.readdirSync(tasksDir())
+      .filter((f) => f.endsWith(".jsonl"))
+      .map((f) => f.slice(0, -".jsonl".length))
+      .sort();
+  } catch { return []; }
+}
+
+/** One task by id, wherever it lives. Ids are herd-wide, so this can search. */
+export function findTask(id, { sessions = ledgerSessions() } = {}) {
+  for (const session of sessions) {
+    const found = readTasks(session).find((t) => t.id === id);
+    if (found) return found;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** The open task for a session, if it has one. */
+export function openTask(session) {
+  const tasks = readTasks(session);
+  for (let i = tasks.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) if (tasks[i].status === "open") return tasks[i];
+  return null;
+}
+
+/** The raw state history for `herd log` — transitions, task-bound or not. */
+export function readLog(session) {
+  return readLines(session)
+    .filter((line) => line.e === "state" || line.e === "submit" || line.e === "end")
+    .map((line) => ({
+      ts: line.ts ?? null,
+      id: line.id ?? null,
+      state: line.e === "submit" ? (line.state || "submitted") : line.state,
+      event: line.e,
+      ...(line.kind ? { kind: line.kind } : {}),
+      ...(line.e === "submit" ? { text: String(line.text ?? "") } : {}),
+    }));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Time in state, per session.
+ *
+ * The interesting number is `blocked`, which is the herd's name for *human
+ * latency*: the agent was ready and the operator was asleep. It is the one
+ * figure here that is entirely within the operator's power to change, which is
+ * why the roster prints it with "blocked = you" next to it.
+ */
+export function stats(session, { now = Date.now() } = {}) {
+  const log = readLog(session).filter((entry) => entry.state && Number.isFinite(entry.ts));
+  const totals = {};
+  let tasks = 0, blockedSpells = 0;
+  for (const entry of log) if (entry.event === "submit") tasks++;
+  for (let i = 0; i < log.length; i++) {
+    const state = log[i].state === "submitted" ? null : log[i].state;
+    if (!state) continue;
+    const until = log[i + 1]?.ts ?? now;
+    const span = Math.max(0, until - log[i].ts);
+    totals[state] = (totals[state] || 0) + span;
+    if (state === "blocked") blockedSpells++;
+  }
+  return {
+    session,
+    tasks,
+    blockedSpells,
+    totals,
+    from: log.length ? log[0].ts : null,
+    to: log.length ? now : null,
+  };
+}
+
+/** Drop a session's ledger — used by `kill`/`prune`, never on its own. */
+export function forgetTasks(session) {
+  try { fs.rmSync(ledgerFile(session), { force: true }); return true; }
+  catch { return false; }
+}