mixdog 0.7.17 → 0.8.0

package/src/runtime/agent/orchestrator/tools/builtin/shell-jobs.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,1087 @@
+import { spawn } from 'child_process';
+import { closeSync, existsSync, mkdirSync, openSync, readFileSync, readSync, statSync, watch as fsWatch, writeFileSync } from 'fs';
+import * as fsPromises from 'fs/promises';
+import { basename, join } from 'path';
+import { getPluginData } from '../../config.mjs';
+import { stripAnsi } from '../shell-command.mjs';
+import { scrubLoaderVars, scrubProviderSecrets } from '../env-scrub.mjs';
+import {
+    normalizeToolNotifyContext,
+    notifyToolCompletion,
+} from '../../../../shared/tool-execution-contract.mjs';
+import {
+    completeBackgroundTask,
+    notifyBackgroundTaskProgress,
+} from '../../../../shared/background-tasks.mjs';
+import { startChildGuardian } from '../../../../shared/child-guardian.mjs';
+
+function sleep(ms) {
+    return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+}
+
+// One-shot sweep of stale shell-job artefacts. Each backgrounded `bash`
+// emits five files (.json/.done/.exit/.stdout.log/.stderr.log); the .done
+// flag is written when the job exits, so a .done file older than
+// SHELL_JOB_STALE_MS is the invariant proof its sibling files are also
+// safe to remove. Active and recently-completed jobs are kept so
+// `task` status/read/wait readers still find them. Runs once per mcp child
+// lifetime on first getShellJobsDir() call. Async dirent walk + parallel
+// stat/unlink keeps the main event loop free; fire-and-forget so the
+// synchronous caller receives `dir` immediately.
+const SHELL_JOB_STALE_MS = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
+let shellJobsSwept = false;
+async function sweepStaleShellJobs(dir) {
+    if (shellJobsSwept) return;
+    shellJobsSwept = true;
+    const cutoff = Date.now() - SHELL_JOB_STALE_MS;
+    let names;
+    try { names = await fsPromises.readdir(dir); } catch { return; }
+    const expired = [];
+    await Promise.all(names.map(async (name) => {
+        if (!name.endsWith('.done')) return;
+        const p = join(dir, name);
+        try {
+            const st = await fsPromises.stat(p);
+            if (st.mtimeMs < cutoff) expired.push(name.slice(0, -5));
+        } catch {}
+    }));
+    // Orphan reclaim: a crashed wrapper leaves <id>.json with no .done —
+    // forever. Invariant proofs of death (either suffices, both gated on the
+    // stale cutoff so a young orphan can't race its own spawn):
+    //   a) deadline: the wrapper enforces timeoutMs, so an entry older than
+    //      timeoutMs + grace cannot still be running — pid-reuse-proof. Only
+    //      trusted on runtime proof: detail.timeoutEnforced:true (PS wrapper,
+    //      unconditional) or the <id>.enforced marker the posix wrapper
+    //      touches when its `timeout` branch actually runs.
+    //   b) ESRCH: the recorded pid no longer exists. Alone this misses pids
+    //      recycled by unrelated live processes, hence (a).
+    const ORPHAN_DEADLINE_GRACE_MS = 30 * 60_000;
+    const doneSet = new Set(names.filter(n => n.endsWith('.done')).map(n => n.slice(0, -5)));
+    await Promise.all(names.map(async (name) => {
+        if (!name.endsWith('.json')) return;
+        const jobId = name.slice(0, -5);
+        if (doneSet.has(jobId)) return;
+        const p = join(dir, name);
+        try {
+            const st = await fsPromises.stat(p);
+            if (st.mtimeMs >= cutoff) return;
+            const detail = JSON.parse(await fsPromises.readFile(p, 'utf-8'));
+            const tmo = Number(detail?.timeoutMs);
+            const enforced = detail?.timeoutEnforced === true
+                || existsSync(join(dir, `${jobId}.enforced`));
+            const deadlinePassed = enforced
+                && Number.isFinite(tmo) && tmo > 0
+                && (Date.now() - st.mtimeMs) > tmo + ORPHAN_DEADLINE_GRACE_MS;
+            if (!deadlinePassed) {
+                const pid = Number(detail?.pid);
+                if (Number.isFinite(pid) && pid > 0) {
+                    try { process.kill(pid, 0); return; } // alive (or EPERM → treated dead only via ESRCH below)
+                    catch (e) { if (e?.code !== 'ESRCH') return; }
+                }
+            }
+            expired.push(jobId);
+        } catch {}
+    }));
+    // Owner sidecar markers carry a dynamic `.owner-<pid>` suffix, so they
+    // can't sit in the fixed-extension list — map each expired jobId to the
+    // marker name(s) actually present in this listing and unlink those too.
+    const expiredSet = new Set(expired);
+    const ownerMarkers = names.filter((n) => {
+        const i = n.lastIndexOf('.owner-');
+        return i > 0 && expiredSet.has(n.slice(0, i));
+    });
+    await Promise.all([
+        ...expired.flatMap((jobId) =>
+            ['.json', '.done', '.exit', '.enforced', '.exit.cmd.sh', '.exit.cmd.ps1', '.stdout.log', '.stderr.log'].map((ext) =>
+                fsPromises.unlink(join(dir, jobId + ext)).catch(() => {}),
+            ),
+        ),
+        ...ownerMarkers.map((n) => fsPromises.unlink(join(dir, n)).catch(() => {})),
+    ]);
+}
+
+function getShellJobsDir() {
+    const dir = join(getPluginData(), 'shell-jobs');
+    if (!existsSync(dir)) mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+    sweepStaleShellJobs(dir);
+    return dir;
+}
+
+function shellJobDetailPath(jobId) { return join(getShellJobsDir(), `${jobId}.json`); }
+function shellJobStdoutPath(jobId) { return join(getShellJobsDir(), `${jobId}.stdout.log`); }
+function shellJobStderrPath(jobId) { return join(getShellJobsDir(), `${jobId}.stderr.log`); }
+function shellJobExitPath(jobId) { return join(getShellJobsDir(), `${jobId}.exit`); }
+function shellJobDonePath(jobId) { return join(getShellJobsDir(), `${jobId}.done`); }
+// Runtime proof that the posix wrapper's `timeout` branch actually ran: the
+// wrapper touches this marker immediately before exec'ing `timeout`, so its
+// existence is never optimistic (no spawn-time probe can guarantee the
+// wrapper's own env/cwd resolution). PS jobs don't need it — their wrapper
+// enforces unconditionally and records detail.timeoutEnforced:true.
+function shellJobEnforcedPath(jobId) { return join(getShellJobsDir(), `${jobId}.enforced`); }
+// Owner sidecar marker: a zero-byte file whose NAME encodes the owning CC host
+// (claude.exe) pid — `<jobId>.owner-<pid>`. It lets the statusline owner-filter
+// jobs from a SINGLE directory listing (no per-job JSON read) so the filter can
+// precede its per-tick scan cap — otherwise other sessions' newer jobs evict
+// this session's live jobs before filtering. Swept alongside the other
+// artefacts.
+function shellJobOwnerPath(jobId, pid) { return join(getShellJobsDir(), `${jobId}.owner-${pid}`); }
+
+const JOB_STATUS_PREVIEW_MAX_BYTES = 4096;
+const JOB_STATUS_PREVIEW_MAX_LINES = 20;
+const JOB_STATUS_PREVIEW_MAX_CHARS = 1200;
+
+// Resolve the CLI host pid that owns a freshly-spawned job. Standalone CLI
+// execution is process-owned: background tasks are scoped to this CLI lifetime,
+// and the pid stamp is only for statusline filtering / legacy sidecars.
+function resolveJobOwnerHostPid(clientHostPid) {
+    const explicit = Number(clientHostPid);
+    if (Number.isInteger(explicit) && explicit > 0) return explicit;
+    const envPid = Number(process.env.MIXDOG_OWNER_HOST_PID);
+    if (Number.isInteger(envPid) && envPid > 0) return envPid;
+    return null;
+}
+
+function writeShellJobDetail(detail) {
+    // Session scope stamp: every job record is tagged with the CC host pid
+    // that owns it (the claude.exe pid). This is the SAME physical pid the
+    // statusline shim passes as --client-host-pid, so the statusline can count
+    // only its own session's jobs by exact pid equality (no heuristic). The
+    // spawn sites set detail.ownerHostPid from the per-request threaded
+    // clientHostPid (resolveJobOwnerHostPid); this fallback only stamps the
+    // single-client env value when no spawn-site pid was set, and NEVER
+    // overwrites an existing stamp — so the field round-trips through disk on
+    // refresh/kill and a correct per-terminal stamp is preserved across rewrites.
+    if (detail && detail.ownerHostPid == null) {
+        const hostPid = Number(process.env.MIXDOG_OWNER_HOST_PID);
+        if (Number.isInteger(hostPid) && hostPid > 0) detail.ownerHostPid = hostPid;
+    }
+    writeFileSync(shellJobDetailPath(detail.jobId), JSON.stringify(detail, null, 2), 'utf-8');
+    // Owner sidecar: encode the resolved owner pid in the marker filename so the
+    // statusline can owner-filter from the directory listing alone (before its
+    // scan cap). Idempotent zero-byte write — safe to repeat on refresh/kill
+    // rewrites. Skipped when no owner is known (legacy/unattributed jobs).
+    if (detail && Number.isInteger(detail.ownerHostPid) && detail.ownerHostPid > 0) {
+        try { writeFileSync(shellJobOwnerPath(detail.jobId, detail.ownerHostPid), '', 'utf-8'); }
+        catch { /* best-effort marker */ }
+    }
+}
+
+function readShellJobDetail(jobId) {
+    try {
+        const p = shellJobDetailPath(jobId);
+        if (!existsSync(p)) return null;
+        return JSON.parse(readFileSync(p, 'utf-8'));
+    } catch {
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+export function buildJobNotFoundMessage(jobId) {
+    return `Error: task not found: ${jobId}`;
+}
+
+function isPidAlive(pid) {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(pid) || pid <= 0) return false;
+    try {
+        process.kill(pid, 0);
+        return true;
+    } catch {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+function killProcessTree(pid, signal = 'SIGTERM') {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(pid) || pid <= 0) return false;
+    try {
+        if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+            spawn('taskkill', ['/pid', String(pid), '/t', '/f'], { windowsHide: true, stdio: 'ignore' });
+        } else {
+            try { process.kill(-pid, signal); }
+            catch { process.kill(pid, signal); }
+            // SIGKILL escalation: a background child that ignores SIGTERM must
+            // not survive (foreground treeKill / persistent _killProcessTree
+            // already do this). After a 3s grace, force-kill the group/pid.
+            // unref so this backstop never holds the host process open.
+            if (signal === 'SIGTERM') {
+                const t = setTimeout(() => {
+                    try { process.kill(-pid, 'SIGKILL'); }
+                    catch { try { process.kill(pid, 'SIGKILL'); } catch { /* already gone */ } }
+                }, 3000);
+                if (t.unref) t.unref();
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    } catch {
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+// Module-level tracking of live background-job pids so CLI shutdown can reap
+// owned children. Async jobs are intentionally CLI-owned; no restart replay or
+// daemon handoff is attempted.
+const _liveJobPids = new Set();
+let _shellJobsExitHookInstalled = false;
+function _registerLiveJobPid(pid) {
+    if (Number.isFinite(pid) && pid > 0) _liveJobPids.add(pid);
+}
+function _unregisterLiveJobPid(pid) {
+    if (Number.isFinite(pid) && pid > 0) _liveJobPids.delete(pid);
+}
+function _sweepLiveJobsSync() {
+    for (const pid of _liveJobPids) {
+        try {
+            if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+                spawn('taskkill', ['/pid', String(pid), '/t', '/f'], { windowsHide: true, stdio: 'ignore' });
+            } else {
+                try { process.kill(-pid, 'SIGKILL'); }
+                catch { try { process.kill(pid, 'SIGKILL'); } catch { /* ignore */ } }
+            }
+        } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+    _liveJobPids.clear();
+}
+function _installShellJobsExitHook() {
+    if (_shellJobsExitHookInstalled) return;
+    _shellJobsExitHookInstalled = true;
+    try { process.on('exit', _sweepLiveJobsSync); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    try { process.on('SIGTERM', _sweepLiveJobsSync); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    try { process.on('SIGINT', _sweepLiveJobsSync); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    try { process.on('SIGHUP', _sweepLiveJobsSync); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+}
+
+function shellQuoteSingle(s) {
+    return `'${String(s).replace(/'/g, `'\"'\"'`)}'`;
+}
+
+function psSingleQuote(s) {
+    return `'${String(s).replace(/'/g, "''")}'`;
+}
+
+function powerShellEncodedCommand(command) {
+    return Buffer.from(String(command || ''), 'utf16le').toString('base64');
+}
+
+function isPowerShellShell(shell, shellType) {
+    if (shellType === 'powershell') return true;
+    const stem = basename(String(shell || '')).toLowerCase().replace(/\.exe$/, '');
+    return stem === 'pwsh' || stem === 'powershell';
+}
+
+function readTailPreviewSync(filePath, { maxBytes = JOB_STATUS_PREVIEW_MAX_BYTES, maxLines = JOB_STATUS_PREVIEW_MAX_LINES, maxChars = JOB_STATUS_PREVIEW_MAX_CHARS } = {}) {
+    try {
+        if (!filePath || !existsSync(filePath)) return null;
+        const st = statSync(filePath);
+        if (!st.isFile()) return null;
+        const size = st.size;
+        if (size <= 0) return { bytes: 0, preview: '' };
+        const readBytes = Math.min(size, maxBytes);
+        const fd = openSync(filePath, 'r');
+        try {
+            const buf = Buffer.alloc(readBytes);
+            readSync(fd, buf, 0, readBytes, size - readBytes);
+            let text = buf.toString('utf8');
+            if (size > readBytes) {
+                const nl = text.indexOf('\n');
+                if (nl !== -1) text = text.slice(nl + 1);
+            }
+            let lines = text.split(/\r?\n/);
+            if (lines.length > 0 && lines[lines.length - 1] === '') lines.pop();
+            let truncated = size > readBytes;
+            if (lines.length > maxLines) {
+                lines = lines.slice(-maxLines);
+                truncated = true;
+            }
+            let preview = lines.join('\n');
+            if (preview.length > maxChars) {
+                preview = preview.slice(preview.length - maxChars);
+                const nl = preview.indexOf('\n');
+                if (nl !== -1) preview = preview.slice(nl + 1);
+                truncated = true;
+            }
+            return {
+                bytes: size,
+                preview,
+                truncated,
+            };
+        } finally {
+            try { closeSync(fd); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+        }
+    } catch {
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+function attachJobPreview(detail) {
+    if (!detail || typeof detail !== 'object') return detail;
+    const withPreview = { ...detail };
+    const stdoutInfo = readTailPreviewSync(detail.stdoutPath);
+    if (stdoutInfo) {
+        withPreview.stdoutBytes = stdoutInfo.bytes;
+        if (stdoutInfo.preview) withPreview.stdoutPreview = stdoutInfo.preview;
+        if (stdoutInfo.truncated) withPreview.stdoutPreviewTruncated = true;
+    }
+    if (detail.mergeStderr !== true) {
+        const stderrInfo = readTailPreviewSync(detail.stderrPath);
+        if (stderrInfo) {
+            withPreview.stderrBytes = stderrInfo.bytes;
+            if (stderrInfo.preview) withPreview.stderrPreview = stderrInfo.preview;
+            if (stderrInfo.truncated) withPreview.stderrPreviewTruncated = true;
+        }
+    }
+    return withPreview;
+}
+
+function summarizeJobPreviewText(text, maxChars = 160) {
+    if (typeof text !== 'string' || !text.trim()) return '';
+    const lines = text
+        .split(/\r?\n/)
+        .map((line) => stripAnsi(line).replace(/\s+/g, ' ').trim())
+        .filter(Boolean);
+    if (lines.length === 0) return '';
+    let summary = lines[lines.length - 1];
+    if (summary.length > maxChars) summary = `${summary.slice(0, maxChars - 1)}…`;
+    return summary;
+}
+
+const SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_STALL_MS = 45_000;
+const SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_TAIL_BYTES = 1024;
+const SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_TAIL_LINES = 16;
+const SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_TAIL_CHARS = 1024;
+const SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_PATTERNS = [
+    /\((?:y|yes)\/(?:n|no)\)\s*[:?]?\s*$/i,
+    /\[(?:y|yes)\/(?:n|no)\]\s*[:?]?\s*$/i,
+    /\b(?:continue|proceed|confirm|overwrite|replace)\b[^\n]*[?:]\s*$/i,
+    /\bpress\s+(?:enter|return)\b[^\n]*$/i,
+    /\bdo you (?:want|wish|agree|accept)\b[^\n]*\?\s*$/i,
+    /\b(?:password|passphrase|otp|verification code)\b[^\n]*[:?]\s*$/i,
+];
+
+function looksLikeInteractivePrompt(text) {
+    const tail = stripAnsi(String(text || '')).trim();
+    if (!tail) return false;
+    const last = tail.split(/\r?\n/).slice(-4).join('\n').trim();
+    return SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_PATTERNS.some((pattern) => pattern.test(last));
+}
+
+function readPromptTail(detail) {
+    if (!detail || typeof detail !== 'object') return { bytes: 0, text: '' };
+    const stdoutInfo = readTailPreviewSync(detail.stdoutPath, {
+        maxBytes: SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_TAIL_BYTES,
+        maxLines: SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_TAIL_LINES,
+        maxChars: SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_TAIL_CHARS,
+    });
+    const stderrInfo = detail.mergeStderr === true ? null : readTailPreviewSync(detail.stderrPath, {
+        maxBytes: SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_TAIL_BYTES,
+        maxLines: SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_TAIL_LINES,
+        maxChars: SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_TAIL_CHARS,
+    });
+    const bytes = (stdoutInfo?.bytes || 0) + (stderrInfo?.bytes || 0);
+    const parts = [
+        stdoutInfo?.preview ? `[stdout tail]\n${stdoutInfo.preview}` : '',
+        stderrInfo?.preview ? `[stderr tail]\n${stderrInfo.preview}` : '',
+    ].filter(Boolean);
+    return { bytes, text: parts.join('\n\n') };
+}
+
+function attachJobInsights(detail) {
+    const withPreview = attachJobPreview(detail);
+    if (!withPreview || typeof withPreview !== 'object') return withPreview;
+    let summary = '';
+    let summarySource = '';
+    if (withPreview.status === 'completed') {
+        summary = summarizeJobPreviewText(withPreview.stdoutPreview)
+            || summarizeJobPreviewText(withPreview.stderrPreview);
+        summarySource = summary ? (withPreview.stdoutPreview ? 'stdout' : 'stderr') : '';
+    } else if (withPreview.status === 'failed') {
+        summary = summarizeJobPreviewText(withPreview.stderrPreview)
+            || summarizeJobPreviewText(withPreview.stdoutPreview)
+            || String(withPreview.error || '').trim();
+        summarySource = summary ? (withPreview.stderrPreview ? 'stderr' : (withPreview.stdoutPreview ? 'stdout' : 'status')) : '';
+    } else if (withPreview.status === 'cancelled') {
+        summary = 'cancelled before completion';
+        summarySource = 'status';
+    } else if (withPreview.status === 'running') {
+        summary = summarizeJobPreviewText(withPreview.stdoutPreview)
+            || summarizeJobPreviewText(withPreview.stderrPreview);
+        summarySource = summary ? (withPreview.stdoutPreview ? 'stdout' : 'stderr') : '';
+    }
+    if (summary) {
+        withPreview.summary = summary;
+        withPreview.summarySource = summarySource;
+    }
+    return withPreview;
+}
+
+export function shellJobPublicTaskResult(detail) {
+    if (!detail || typeof detail !== 'object') return detail;
+    const result = {
+        task_id: detail.jobId || detail.task_id || null,
+        shell: detail.shellType || null,
+        status: detail.status || null,
+        cwd: detail.cwd || null,
+        pid: detail.pid || null,
+        exit_code: (typeof detail.exitCode === 'number') ? detail.exitCode : null,
+        signal: detail.signal || null,
+        timed_out: detail.timedOut === true ? true : null,
+        killed: detail.killed === true ? true : null,
+        stdout_bytes: (typeof detail.stdoutBytes === 'number') ? detail.stdoutBytes : null,
+        stderr_bytes: (typeof detail.stderrBytes === 'number') ? detail.stderrBytes : null,
+        stdout_preview: detail.stdoutPreview || null,
+        stderr_preview: detail.stderrPreview || null,
+        summary: detail.summary || null,
+        summary_source: detail.summarySource || null,
+        waited_ms: (typeof detail.waitedMs === 'number') ? detail.waitedMs : null,
+        wait_timed_out: detail.waitTimedOut === true ? true : null,
+        started_at: detail.startedAt || null,
+        finished_at: detail.finishedAt || null,
+        error: detail.error || null,
+    };
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(result)) {
+        if (value == null || value === '') delete result[key];
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+export async function waitForShellJob(jobId, { timeoutMs = 30_000, pollMs = 250 } = {}) {
+    const started = Date.now();
+    const deadline = started + Math.max(0, timeoutMs);
+    let detail = refreshShellJob(jobId);
+    if (!detail) return null;
+    while (detail && detail.status === 'running' && Date.now() < deadline) {
+        await sleep(Math.max(25, pollMs));
+        detail = refreshShellJob(jobId);
+    }
+    const withInsights = attachJobInsights(detail);
+    if (!withInsights) return null;
+    withInsights.waitedMs = Date.now() - started;
+    if (withInsights.status === 'running') withInsights.waitTimedOut = true;
+    return withInsights;
+}
+
+// Non-blocking peek at a background task (CC BashOutput analogue): refresh its
+// status and return current stdout/stderr tail preview WITHOUT waiting for
+// completion. Returns null if the job id is unknown.
+export function peekShellJob(jobId) {
+    const detail = refreshShellJob(jobId);
+    if (!detail) return null;
+    return attachJobInsights(detail);
+}
+
+// Terminate a running background task (CC KillShell analogue): kill the process
+// tree and mark the job failed/137. Returns null if unknown; a detail with
+// killed:false if it had already finished.
+export function killShellJob(jobId) {
+    const detail = readShellJobDetail(jobId);
+    if (!detail) return null;
+    if (detail.status !== 'running') {
+        return { ...detail, killed: false, note: `task already ${detail.status}` };
+    }
+    killProcessTree(detail.pid, 'SIGTERM');
+    detail.status = 'failed';
+    detail.exitCode = 137;
+    detail.error = 'killed by user (KillShell)';
+    detail.finishedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    writeShellJobDetail(detail);
+    _unregisterLiveJobPid(detail.pid);
+    return { ...attachJobInsights(detail), killed: true };
+}
+
+function refreshShellJob(jobId) {
+    const detail = readShellJobDetail(jobId);
+    if (!detail) return null;
+    if (detail.status !== 'running') return detail;
+    const exitPath = shellJobExitPath(jobId);
+    const donePath = shellJobDonePath(jobId);
+    // Gate completion on donePath existence. The wrapper writes the
+    // exit-code file FIRST and `touch donePath` strictly AFTER, so a
+    // visible donePath proves the exit file is fully flushed. Reading
+    // exit before donePath landed produced empty-string -> NaN ->
+    // exitCode=null -> spurious 'failed' status for processes that
+    // actually exited 0.
+    if (existsSync(donePath)) {
+        let exitCode = null;
+        try {
+            const raw = readFileSync(exitPath, 'utf-8').trim();
+            const parsed = parseInt(raw, 10);
+            exitCode = Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : null;
+        } catch { /* ignore */ }
+        let finishedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+        try {
+            finishedAt = new Date(statSync(donePath).mtimeMs).toISOString();
+        } catch { /* ignore */ }
+        detail.status = exitCode === 0 ? 'completed' : 'failed';
+        detail.exitCode = exitCode;
+        detail.finishedAt = finishedAt;
+        writeShellJobDetail(detail);
+        _unregisterLiveJobPid(detail.pid);
+        return detail;
+    }
+    const timeoutMs = Number(detail.timeoutMs || 0);
+    const startedAtMs = Date.parse(detail.startedAt || '');
+    if (timeoutMs > 0 && Number.isFinite(startedAtMs) && Date.now() - startedAtMs > timeoutMs) {
+        killProcessTree(detail.pid, 'SIGTERM');
+        detail.status = 'failed';
+        detail.exitCode = 124;
+        detail.finishedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+        detail.error = `timed out after ${timeoutMs} ms`;
+        writeShellJobDetail(detail);
+        _unregisterLiveJobPid(detail.pid);
+        return detail;
+    }
+    if (detail.pid && !isPidAlive(detail.pid)) {
+        detail.status = 'failed';
+        detail.finishedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+        detail.error = 'process exited without completion marker';
+        writeShellJobDetail(detail);
+        _unregisterLiveJobPid(detail.pid);
+    }
+    return detail;
+}
+
+export function startBackgroundShellJob({ command, timeoutMs, workDir, mergeStderr, spawnEnv, shell, shellArg, shellType, clientHostPid }) {
+    return _startBackgroundShellJobImpl({ command, timeoutMs, workDir, mergeStderr, spawnEnv, shell, shellArg, shellType, clientHostPid });
+}
+
+// In-process completion watcher. After a background shell task is spawned the
+// Lead session has no way to learn the task finished (no polling tool is
+// auto-driven), so this registers an fs.watch on the shell-jobs dir filtered
+// to `<jobId>.done` plus a ~2s polling fallback (fs.watch misses on some
+// network / overlay filesystems) and a hard stop at timeoutMs + grace. When
+// the job completes it reads the finished detail and delivers a shared async
+// execution notification with type 'shell_task_result'.
+//
+// CLI-owned by design. If the CLI/runtime process exits, no notification is
+// replayed or recovered later; shutdown cancels live jobs instead of handing
+// them to a daemon.
+//
+// All timers are unref()'d and fs.watch is closed on completion/stop, so the
+// watcher never keeps the host process alive.
+const SHELL_JOB_WATCH_POLL_MS = 2000;
+const SHELL_JOB_WATCH_GRACE_MS = 5000;
+// Registry of armed background-job watchers keyed by jobId. task wait
+// and `kill` actions already hold the completed outcome, so they cancel the
+// armed watcher here to prevent a double-notify when its next poll fires.
+const backgroundShellJobWatchers = new Map();
+// Persistent notify ctx per jobId, set at FIRST arm and surviving cancel — so a
+// re-arm after a task wait timeout can reconstruct the notify wiring without the
+// caller threading the ctx back in. Deleted only in the watcher's cleanup() on
+// settle (and explicitly in the kill path) so it cannot leak for entries that
+// never complete.
+const jobNotifyCtxByJobId = new Map();
+// Live task waiter count per jobId. While >0 a synchronous caller is
+// consuming the outcome, so the watcher must stay cancelled; the last waiter to
+// leave (count===0) owns the decision to re-arm a still-running job.
+const jobWaitWaiterCountByJobId = new Map();
+// Register a synchronous task waiter. Paired with endShellJobWait in a
+// finally so the count can't leak on throw.
+export function beginShellJobWait(jobId) {
+    jobWaitWaiterCountByJobId.set(jobId, (jobWaitWaiterCountByJobId.get(jobId) || 0) + 1);
+}
+// Deregister a synchronous task waiter; returns the POST-decrement count so
+// the last leaver (0) can decide whether to re-arm.
+export function endShellJobWait(jobId) {
+    const next = (jobWaitWaiterCountByJobId.get(jobId) || 0) - 1;
+    if (next <= 0) { jobWaitWaiterCountByJobId.delete(jobId); return 0; }
+    jobWaitWaiterCountByJobId.set(jobId, next);
+    return next;
+}
+// Drop the persistent notify ctx for a jobId. Called from the kill path after
+// cancel so a killed-but-never-fired entry can't leak its ctx.
+export function clearShellJobNotifyCtx(jobId) {
+    jobNotifyCtxByJobId.delete(jobId);
+}
+// Cancel (and unregister) an armed watcher without notifying. Idempotent: a
+// no-op when no watcher is armed, and the per-watcher cancel respects the
+// `settled` guard so it cannot race a real completion notify. The persistent
+// notify ctx survives cancel (see jobNotifyCtxByJobId) so a re-arm can recover
+// it; return value is no longer relied upon by callers.
+export function cancelBackgroundShellJobWatch(jobId) {
+    const entry = backgroundShellJobWatchers.get(jobId);
+    if (!entry) return null;
+    if (typeof entry.cancel === 'function') entry.cancel();
+    return entry.notifyCtx || null;
+}
+// notifyCtx may be omitted on RE-ARM — it then falls back to the persistent
+// ctx captured at first arm (jobNotifyCtxByJobId).
+export function watchBackgroundShellJob(jobId, notifyCtx) {
+    const ctx = (notifyCtx && typeof notifyCtx.notifyFn === 'function')
+        ? normalizeToolNotifyContext(notifyCtx)
+        : (jobId ? jobNotifyCtxByJobId.get(jobId) : null);
+    if (!jobId || !ctx || typeof ctx.notifyFn !== 'function') {
+        // Direct/non-dispatch callers have no push target; the task still runs
+        // and remains pollable via task control, so this is not a failure.
+        return;
+    }
+    // Idempotent arm: if a watcher is already registered for this jobId, leave
+    // it in place. Lets task wait's re-arm-after-timeout path call this
+    // unconditionally without stacking duplicate watchers.
+    if (backgroundShellJobWatchers.has(jobId)) return;
+    // Persist the notify ctx on FIRST arm so a later re-arm can recover it even
+    // after cancel cleared the live watcher entry.
+    jobNotifyCtxByJobId.set(jobId, ctx);
+    let settled = false;
+    // Distinguishes a bare cancel (keep ctx for re-arm) from a real settle
+    // (fire/timeout/hard-stop → drop ctx). cleanup() reads this.
+    let cancelled = false;
+    let watcher = null;
+    let pollTimer = null;
+    let hardStopTimer = null;
+    let lastOutputBytes = null;
+    let lastOutputAtMs = Date.now();
+    let promptStallNotified = false;
+    const cleanup = () => {
+        if (watcher) { try { watcher.close(); } catch { /* ignore */ } watcher = null; }
+        if (pollTimer) { try { clearInterval(pollTimer); } catch { /* ignore */ } pollTimer = null; }
+        if (hardStopTimer) { try { clearTimeout(hardStopTimer); } catch { /* ignore */ } hardStopTimer = null; }
+        backgroundShellJobWatchers.delete(jobId);
+        // Drop the persistent ctx only on a real settle (fire/timeout/hard-stop)
+        // — NOT on a bare cancel, which keeps it for a possible re-arm.
+        if (settled && !cancelled) jobNotifyCtxByJobId.delete(jobId);
+    };
+    // Cancel without notifying — used by task wait/cancel paths, which
+    // already hold the completed outcome. Idempotent via the `settled` guard
+    // so it can never race or double-fire against a real completion notify.
+    const cancel = () => {
+        if (settled) return;
+        settled = true;
+        cancelled = true;
+        cleanup();
+    };
+    backgroundShellJobWatchers.set(jobId, { cancel, notifyCtx: ctx });
+    const fire = (reason) => {
+        if (settled) return;
+        settled = true;
+        cleanup();
+        try {
+            const detail = attachJobInsights(refreshShellJob(jobId)) || readShellJobDetail(jobId);
+            if (!detail) return;
+            const startedAtMs = Date.parse(detail.startedAt || '');
+            const finishedAtMs = Date.parse(detail.finishedAt || '') || Date.now();
+            const elapsedMs = Number.isFinite(startedAtMs) ? Math.max(0, finishedAtMs - startedAtMs) : null;
+            const exitCode = (typeof detail.exitCode === 'number') ? detail.exitCode : null;
+            const status = detail.status || (reason === 'timeout' ? 'running' : 'unknown');
+            const lines = [
+                `[task_id: ${jobId}]`,
+                `[status: ${status}]`,
+                `[exit: ${exitCode === null ? 'n/a' : exitCode}]`,
+                elapsedMs !== null ? `[elapsed: ${elapsedMs} ms]` : null,
+                detail.command ? `[command: ${detail.command}]` : null,
+                '',
+                detail.summary ? `Summary: ${detail.summary}` : null,
+                detail.stdoutPreview ? `\n[stdout preview]\n${detail.stdoutPreview}` : null,
+                (detail.mergeStderr !== true && detail.stderrPreview) ? `\n[stderr preview]\n${detail.stderrPreview}` : null,
+            ].filter((l) => l !== null && l !== '');
+            const body = lines.join('\n');
+            const taskStatus = status === 'completed'
+                ? 'completed'
+                : (status === 'cancelled' ? 'cancelled' : 'failed');
+            const instruction = `The background shell task ${jobId} you started earlier has finished (${status}, exit ${exitCode === null ? 'n/a' : exitCode}) - review this result in your next step.`;
+            const completedTask = completeBackgroundTask(jobId, {
+                status: taskStatus,
+                result: shellJobPublicTaskResult(detail),
+                resultText: body,
+                error: taskStatus === 'failed' ? (detail.error || (status === 'running' ? 'background shell watcher deadline reached' : null)) : null,
+                resultType: 'shell_task_result',
+                instruction,
+            });
+            if (completedTask) return;
+            notifyToolCompletion({
+                surface: 'shell',
+                id: jobId,
+                status: taskStatus,
+                text: body,
+                resultType: 'shell_task_result',
+                instruction,
+                context: ctx,
+                logPrefix: 'shell-jobs',
+            });
+        } catch (err) {
+            try { process.stderr.write(`[shell-jobs] watchBackgroundShellJob fire failed: jobId=${jobId} err=${err?.message ?? String(err)}\n`); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+        }
+    };
+    const maybeNotifyPromptStall = (detail) => {
+        if (settled || promptStallNotified || !detail || detail.status !== 'running') return;
+        const tail = readPromptTail(detail);
+        const now = Date.now();
+        if (lastOutputBytes === null || tail.bytes !== lastOutputBytes) {
+            lastOutputBytes = tail.bytes;
+            lastOutputAtMs = now;
+            return;
+        }
+        if (now - lastOutputAtMs < SHELL_JOB_PROMPT_STALL_MS) return;
+        if (!looksLikeInteractivePrompt(tail.text)) return;
+        const elapsedMs = now - (Date.parse(detail.startedAt || '') || now);
+        const body = [
+            `[task_id: ${jobId}]`,
+            '[status: running]',
+            `[stalled: no output growth for ${now - lastOutputAtMs} ms]`,
+            elapsedMs >= 0 ? `[elapsed: ${elapsedMs} ms]` : null,
+            detail.command ? `[command: ${detail.command}]` : null,
+            '',
+            'This background shell task appears to be waiting for interactive input. Background tasks cannot answer prompts automatically; cancel it or rerun with non-interactive flags/input.',
+            tail.text ? `\n${tail.text}` : null,
+        ].filter((line) => line !== null && line !== '').join('\n');
+        const instruction = `The background shell task ${jobId} appears to be waiting for interactive input; inspect the prompt, then cancel or rerun it non-interactively.`;
+        const sent = notifyBackgroundTaskProgress(jobId, {
+            text: body,
+            resultType: 'shell_task_progress',
+            instruction,
+            key: 'interactive-prompt-stall',
+            status: null,
+        }) || notifyToolCompletion({
+            surface: 'shell',
+            id: jobId,
+            status: null,
+            text: body,
+            resultType: 'shell_task_progress',
+            instruction,
+            context: ctx,
+            logPrefix: 'shell-jobs',
+        });
+        if (sent) promptStallNotified = true;
+    };
+    const checkDone = (reason) => {
+        if (settled) return;
+        const detail = refreshShellJob(jobId);
+        // refreshShellJob flips status off 'running' once donePath/exit/timeout
+        // is observed; only fire once the job is no longer running.
+        if (!detail || detail.status !== 'running') fire(reason);
+        else maybeNotifyPromptStall(detail);
+    };
+    try {
+        const donePath = shellJobDonePath(jobId);
+        // Already finished between spawn and watcher arm — fire immediately.
+        if (existsSync(donePath)) { fire('already-done'); return; }
+        const dir = getShellJobsDir();
+        const doneName = `${jobId}.done`;
+        try {
+            watcher = fsWatch(dir, (_event, filename) => {
+                if (!filename) { checkDone('watch'); return; }
+                if (String(filename) === doneName) checkDone('watch');
+            });
+            // Don't let the FSWatcher pin the event loop — the poll fallback
+            // and hard-stop timer are already unref()'d, so the watcher must
+            // be too or the host process can't exit until the job completes.
+            if (watcher && typeof watcher.unref === 'function') watcher.unref();
+            // A watcher error (e.g. dir removed) must not crash the host; rely
+            // on the poll fallback instead.
+            if (watcher && typeof watcher.on === 'function') {
+                watcher.on('error', () => { try { watcher.close(); } catch { /* ignore */ } watcher = null; });
+            }
+        } catch { watcher = null; }
+        pollTimer = setInterval(() => checkDone('poll'), SHELL_JOB_WATCH_POLL_MS);
+        if (typeof pollTimer.unref === 'function') pollTimer.unref();
+        const startedAtMs = Date.parse(readShellJobDetail(jobId)?.startedAt || '') || Date.now();
+        const timeoutMs = Number(readShellJobDetail(jobId)?.timeoutMs || 0);
+        const hardStopMs = Math.max(0, (startedAtMs + timeoutMs + SHELL_JOB_WATCH_GRACE_MS) - Date.now());
+        hardStopTimer = setTimeout(() => fire('timeout'), hardStopMs);
+        if (typeof hardStopTimer.unref === 'function') hardStopTimer.unref();
+    } catch (err) {
+        cleanup();
+        try { process.stderr.write(`[shell-jobs] watchBackgroundShellJob arm failed: jobId=${jobId} err=${err?.message ?? String(err)}\n`); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+}
+
+// Adopt a still-running FOREGROUND child into the shell-jobs registry. Used
+// by execShellCommand's auto-background transition: the foreground one-shot
+// path spawned a piped child whose stdout/stderr were already being captured
+// to TaskOutput spill files. When the auto-background timer fires we do NOT
+// re-spawn or wrap — the child keeps running as-is — we only publish a job
+// detail so task control / refreshShellJob can track it to completion.
+//
+// The caller owns the child.on('close') lifecycle wiring (writing the exit
+// file FIRST, donePath AFTER) so the ordering invariant refreshShellJob()
+// depends on holds for adopted jobs exactly as it does for staged wrappers.
+// This function only allocates the jobId/paths and writes the initial
+// 'running' detail.
+export function adoptForegroundShellJob({ command, cwd, pid, timeoutMs, mergeStderr, stdoutPath, stderrPath, clientHostPid }) {
+    const jobId = `job_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`;
+    const exitPath = shellJobExitPath(jobId);
+    const donePath = shellJobDonePath(jobId);
+    const detail = {
+        jobId,
+        kind: 'bash',
+        status: 'running',
+        adopted: true,
+        command,
+        cwd,
+        pid,
+        mergeStderr: mergeStderr === true,
+        timeoutMs: Number(timeoutMs) || 0,
+        // Point the registry at the live TaskOutput spill files so
+        // peek/wait previews read the same bytes the foreground capture is
+        // still appending. mergeStderr collapses both onto stdoutPath.
+        stdoutPath: stdoutPath || null,
+        stderrPath: mergeStderr === true ? (stdoutPath || null) : (stderrPath || null),
+        exitPath,
+        donePath,
+        // Per-terminal session stamp: the threaded clientHostPid is the
+        // dispatching terminal's claude.exe pid (resolveJobOwnerHostPid falls
+        // back to the single-client env only when unset).
+        ownerHostPid: resolveJobOwnerHostPid(clientHostPid),
+        startedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+    writeShellJobDetail(detail);
+    if (Number.isFinite(pid) && pid > 0) {
+        _installShellJobsExitHook();
+        _registerLiveJobPid(pid);
+    }
+    return { ...detail, exitPath, donePath };
+}
+
+function _startBackgroundShellJobImpl({ command, timeoutMs, workDir, mergeStderr, spawnEnv, shell, shellArg, shellType, clientHostPid }) {
+    // Route ANY PowerShell shell to the PS wrapper, regardless of platform.
+    // Gating on win32 sent shell:'powershell' on macOS/Linux down the POSIX
+    // path below, which spawns `pwsh <wrapper>.sh` — pwsh then tries to run a
+    // bash script. isPowerShellShell already matches pwsh/powershell by stem.
+    if (isPowerShellShell(shell, shellType)) {
+        return startBackgroundPowerShellJob({ command, timeoutMs, workDir, mergeStderr, spawnEnv, shell, clientHostPid });
+    }
+
+    // POSIX-shell wrapper path. On Windows this runs for shell:'bash' (Git
+    // Bash): the previous hard rejection here was a policy choice, NOT a real
+    // invariant — every piece of this path's plumbing is shell-neutral.
+    // The wrapper uses `command -v timeout`, `if ... fi`, single-quote escape
+    // and POSIX exit-code propagation, all of which Git Bash executes; output
+    // and exit-code plumbing flows through the staged script's own
+    // `exec > … 2> …` redirect plus `printf … > exitPath` / `touch donePath`
+    // (filesystem ops, not shell features); and kill goes through
+    // killProcessTree(), which on win32 uses `taskkill /pid /t /f` regardless
+    // of which shell spawned the tree. So Git Bash background tasks cancel,
+    // capture output, and report exit codes correctly.
+    const jobId = `job_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`;
+    const stdoutPath = shellJobStdoutPath(jobId);
+    const stderrPath = shellJobStderrPath(jobId);
+    const exitPath = shellJobExitPath(jobId);
+    const donePath = shellJobDonePath(jobId);
+    const timeoutSeconds = Math.max(1, Math.ceil(timeoutMs / 1000));
+    // P2 fix: wrap with POSIX `timeout` so the kernel terminates the process
+    // at deadline even if the JS-side timer is interrupted. --preserve-status
+    // keeps the user command's exit code on success; on timeout the wrapper
+    // exits 124.
+    // `timeout` ships with GNU coreutils on Linux. On macOS, Homebrew
+    // coreutils installs it as `gtimeout` (the un-prefixed name is NOT created
+    // by default), so the wrapper picks `timeout` if present else `gtimeout`.
+    // When neither exists it falls through to the inner command (the parent
+    // setTimeout still calls refreshShellJob to clean up).
+    const userCmdQuoted = shellQuoteSingle(command);
+    // P2 fix: invoke the resolved shell (not bash -c) so zsh / dash /
+    // alternate shells run snapshot-aware commands correctly. Drop
+    // --preserve-status so timeout returns 124 unambiguously, making
+    // it trivial to distinguish a timeout (124) from a user-side
+    // SIGTERM exit (143).
+    const innerShellQ = shellQuoteSingle(shell);
+    const innerArgQ = shellQuoteSingle(shellArg);
+    // Runtime enforcement proof: the wrapper touches <jobId>.enforced right
+    // before exec'ing `timeout`, so the marker exists iff the timeout branch
+    // actually ran under the wrapper's own env/cwd. A spawn-time probe can't
+    // guarantee that (env is scrubbed, cwd differs) — see shellJobEnforcedPath.
+    const enforcedPath = shellJobEnforcedPath(jobId);
+    // Lifecycle ordering invariant: write the exit-code file FIRST and
+    // `touch donePath` strictly AFTER. refreshShellJob() gates completion
+    // on donePath existence and only then trusts the exit file — without
+    // this strict ordering, readFileSync on a partially-flushed exit file
+    // returned '' -> parseInt NaN -> exitCode null -> spurious 'failed'
+    // status for processes that actually exited 0. `rm -- "$0"` removes
+    // the staged wrapper .cmd.sh after donePath is published so a host
+    // crash before this point still leaves the file for the sweep to GC.
+    const wrapped = `{ if command -v timeout >/dev/null 2>&1; then _to=timeout; elif command -v gtimeout >/dev/null 2>&1; then _to=gtimeout; else _to=; fi; if [ -n "$_to" ]; then touch ${shellQuoteSingle(enforcedPath)}; "$_to" ${timeoutSeconds} ${innerShellQ} ${innerArgQ} ${userCmdQuoted}; else ${innerShellQ} ${innerArgQ} ${userCmdQuoted}; fi; rc=$?; printf '%s' "$rc" > ${shellQuoteSingle(exitPath)}; touch ${shellQuoteSingle(donePath)}; rm -- "$0" 2>/dev/null; exit $rc; }`;
+    // Stage the wrapped command to a .sh and let the script open its own
+    // output files via `exec > … 2> …`. The parent does NOT pass file
+    // descriptors via stdio inheritance (`stdio: 'ignore'` for all three).
+    //
+    // Let the shell own redirects via `exec > ... 2> ...` inside the staged
+    // script. The child remains referenced by this CLI process; detached here
+    // is only used on POSIX to create a process group for tree-kill.
+    const outRedirect = mergeStderr
+        ? `> ${shellQuoteSingle(stdoutPath)} 2>&1`
+        : `> ${shellQuoteSingle(stdoutPath)} 2> ${shellQuoteSingle(stderrPath)}`;
+    const scriptBody = `#!/usr/bin/env bash\nexec ${outRedirect}\n${wrapped}\n`;
+    const wrappedTempPath = `${exitPath}.cmd.sh`;
+    try {
+        writeFileSync(wrappedTempPath, scriptBody);
+    } catch (e) {
+        return { jobId, kind: 'bash', status: 'failed', error: `failed to stage shell background task: ${e?.message || e}` };
+    }
+    // R11: scrub loader/execution vars even though bash-tool.mjs already
+    // scrubs upstream — defense-in-depth at the spawn site catches future
+    // callers that build their own spawnEnv.
+    const child = spawn(shell, [wrappedTempPath], {
+        cwd: workDir,
+        env: scrubLoaderVars(scrubProviderSecrets({ ...spawnEnv })),
+        detached: true,
+        stdio: 'ignore',
+        windowsHide: true,
+    });
+    startChildGuardian({
+        childPid: child.pid,
+        childGroupPid: child.pid,
+        label: 'shell-job',
+    });
+    _installShellJobsExitHook();
+    _registerLiveJobPid(child.pid);
+    const detail = {
+        jobId,
+        kind: 'bash',
+        status: 'running',
+        command,
+        cwd: workDir,
+        pid: child.pid,
+        mergeStderr,
+        timeoutMs,
+        timeoutSeconds,
+        stdoutPath,
+        stderrPath: mergeStderr ? stdoutPath : stderrPath,
+        exitPath,
+        donePath,
+        // Per-terminal session stamp (see resolveJobOwnerHostPid).
+        ownerHostPid: resolveJobOwnerHostPid(clientHostPid),
+        startedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+    writeShellJobDetail(detail);
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => { refreshShellJob(jobId); }, timeoutMs + 25);
+    if (typeof timer.unref === 'function') timer.unref();
+    return detail;
+}
+
+function startBackgroundPowerShellJob({ command, timeoutMs, workDir, mergeStderr, spawnEnv, shell, clientHostPid }) {
+    const jobId = `job_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 8)}`;
+    const stdoutPath = shellJobStdoutPath(jobId);
+    const rawStderrPath = shellJobStderrPath(jobId);
+    const exitPath = shellJobExitPath(jobId);
+    const donePath = shellJobDonePath(jobId);
+    const wrappedTempPath = `${exitPath}.cmd.ps1`;
+    const encodedCommand = powerShellEncodedCommand(command);
+    const mergeLiteral = mergeStderr ? '$true' : '$false';
+    const wrapper = [
+        "$ErrorActionPreference = 'Continue'",
+        '[Console]::OutputEncoding=[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8',
+        '$OutputEncoding=[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8',
+        '$exe = (Get-Process -Id $PID).Path',
+        `$encoded = ${psSingleQuote(encodedCommand)}`,
+        `$stdoutPath = ${psSingleQuote(stdoutPath)}`,
+        `$stderrPath = ${psSingleQuote(rawStderrPath)}`,
+        `$exitPath = ${psSingleQuote(exitPath)}`,
+        `$donePath = ${psSingleQuote(donePath)}`,
+        `$mergeStderr = ${mergeLiteral}`,
+        `$timeoutMs = ${Math.max(1, Math.floor(timeoutMs || 0))}`,
+        '$code = 1',
+        'try {',
+        "    $argList = @('-NoLogo', '-NoProfile', '-NonInteractive', '-EncodedCommand', $encoded)",
+        // -WindowStyle is a Windows-only Start-Process parameter; pwsh on
+        // macOS/Linux throws "not supported on this platform". Add it only on win32.
+        '    $spArgs = @{ FilePath = $exe; ArgumentList = $argList; RedirectStandardOutput = $stdoutPath; RedirectStandardError = $stderrPath; PassThru = $true }',
+        '    if ($IsWindows -or $null -eq $IsWindows) { $spArgs[\'WindowStyle\'] = \'Hidden\' }',
+        '    $p = Start-Process @spArgs',
+        '    if ($timeoutMs -gt 0 -and -not $p.WaitForExit($timeoutMs)) {',
+        // Kill the whole process TREE, not just the direct child: Start-Process
+        // launches an intermediate pwsh that spawns the user command, so
+        // Stop-Process on $p.Id alone orphans the grandchildren. On Windows use
+        // `taskkill /T /F` (tree-terminate); on macOS/Linux pwsh, fall back to
+        // Stop-Process (no taskkill there).
+        '        try {',
+        '            if ($IsWindows -or $null -eq $IsWindows) {',
+        '                & taskkill.exe /pid $p.Id /t /f 2>$null | Out-Null',
+        '            } else {',
+        '                try { Stop-Process -Id $p.Id -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } catch {}',
+        '            }',
+        '        } catch {}',
+        '        $code = 124',
+        '    } else {',
+        '        try { $p.WaitForExit() } catch {}',
+        '        $code = if ($null -ne $p.ExitCode) { [int]$p.ExitCode } else { 0 }',
+        '    }',
+        '} catch {',
+        '    try { Add-Content -LiteralPath $stderrPath -Value ($_ | Out-String) -Encoding utf8 } catch {}',
+        '    $code = 1',
+        '}',
+        'if ($mergeStderr) {',
+        '    try {',
+        '        if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $stderrPath) {',
+        '            $err = Get-Content -LiteralPath $stderrPath -Raw -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue',
+        '            if ($err) { Add-Content -LiteralPath $stdoutPath -Value $err -Encoding utf8 }',
+        '            Remove-Item -LiteralPath $stderrPath -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue',
+        '        }',
+        '    } catch {}',
+        '}',
+        'try { Set-Content -LiteralPath $exitPath -Value ([string]$code) -NoNewline -Encoding ascii } catch {}',
+        'try { Set-Content -LiteralPath $donePath -Value "" -NoNewline -Encoding ascii } catch {}',
+        'try { Remove-Item -LiteralPath $PSCommandPath -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue } catch {}',
+        'exit $code',
+        '',
+    ].join('\n');
+    try {
+        writeFileSync(wrappedTempPath, wrapper, 'utf-8');
+    } catch (e) {
+        return { jobId, kind: 'bash', status: 'failed', error: `failed to stage PowerShell background task: ${e?.message || e}` };
+    }
+
+    const shellStem = basename(String(shell || '')).toLowerCase().replace(/\.exe$/, '');
+    // `-WindowStyle Hidden` is a Windows-only CLI switch; pwsh on macOS/Linux
+    // rejects it. `-ExecutionPolicy` likewise only applies to Windows
+    // PowerShell. Build args per-platform so cross-OS pwsh background tasks run.
+    const isWin = process.platform === 'win32';
+    const wrapperArgs = ['-NoLogo', '-NoProfile', '-NonInteractive'];
+    if (isWin) wrapperArgs.push('-WindowStyle', 'Hidden');
+    if (isWin && shellStem === 'powershell') wrapperArgs.push('-ExecutionPolicy', 'Bypass');
+    wrapperArgs.push('-File', wrappedTempPath);
+    // Spawn the staged wrapper directly. detached MUST be false on Windows:
+    // a native pwsh launched with detached:true + stdio:'ignore' exits
+    // immediately without running -File (verified — the detached child dies
+    // even while the parent stays alive; the non-detached child runs to
+    // completion). windowsHide:true gives CREATE_NO_WINDOW so no console
+    // window flashes on screen. The wrapper owns its own stdout/stderr file
+    // redirect (exec-equivalent Set-Content paths above), so stdio:'ignore'
+    // drops no output. The child remains referenced so it is owned by the CLI
+    // process; runtime.close()/exit hooks reap it instead of daemonizing it.
+    let child;
+    try {
+        child = spawn(shell, wrapperArgs, {
+            cwd: workDir,
+            env: scrubLoaderVars(scrubProviderSecrets({ ...spawnEnv })),
+            detached: false,
+            stdio: 'ignore',
+            windowsHide: true,
+        });
+        startChildGuardian({
+            childPid: child.pid,
+            childGroupPid: child.pid,
+            label: 'shell-job-powershell',
+        });
+    } catch (e) {
+        return { jobId, kind: 'bash', status: 'failed', error: `failed to spawn PowerShell background task: ${e?.message || e}` };
+    }
+    const childPid = child.pid;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(childPid) || childPid <= 0) {
+        return { jobId, kind: 'bash', status: 'failed', error: 'PowerShell background task spawn returned no pid' };
+    }
+    _installShellJobsExitHook();
+    _registerLiveJobPid(childPid);
+    const detail = {
+        jobId,
+        kind: 'bash',
+        shellType: 'powershell',
+        status: 'running',
+        command,
+        cwd: workDir,
+        pid: childPid,
+        mergeStderr,
+        timeoutMs,
+        timeoutSeconds: Math.max(1, Math.ceil(timeoutMs / 1000)),
+        stdoutPath,
+        stderrPath: mergeStderr ? stdoutPath : rawStderrPath,
+        exitPath,
+        donePath,
+        // The PS wrapper enforces timeoutMs unconditionally in-wrapper
+        // (WaitForExit($timeoutMs) → Stop-Process → 124), so the deadline
+        // invariant always holds for PowerShell jobs.
+        timeoutEnforced: true,
+        // Per-terminal session stamp (see resolveJobOwnerHostPid).
+        ownerHostPid: resolveJobOwnerHostPid(clientHostPid),
+        startedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+    };
+    writeShellJobDetail(detail);
+    const timer = setTimeout(() => { refreshShellJob(jobId); }, timeoutMs + 25);
+    if (typeof timer.unref === 'function') timer.unref();
+    return detail;
+}