metal-orm 1.1.10 → 1.1.16

package/scripts/inflection/pt-br.mjs

@@ -1,468 +1,468 @@
-import {
-  applyToCompoundHead,
-  applyToCompoundWords,
-  detectTextFormat,
-  normalizeLookup,
-  splitIntoWords,
-  stripDiacritics
-} from './compound.mjs';
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// PATTERNS
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Precompiled regex patterns for performance.
- * @type {Readonly<Record<string, RegExp>>}
- */
-const PATTERNS = Object.freeze({
-  consonantEnding: /[rzn]$/,
-  consonantEsEnding: /[rzn]es$/,
-  endsInX: /x$/,
-  vowelBeforeS: /[aeiou]s$/,
-});
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// IRREGULAR DICTIONARIES (all normalized - no diacritics)
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Default irregular plurals for Brazilian Portuguese.
- * Keys AND values are normalized (no diacritics, lowercase).
- * @type {Readonly<Record<string, string>>}
- */
-export const PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS = Object.freeze({
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // -ão → -ães (irregular, must memorize)
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  'pao': 'paes',
-  'cao': 'caes',
-  'alemao': 'alemaes',
-  'capitao': 'capitaes',
-  'charlatao': 'charlataes',
-  'escrivao': 'escrivaes',
-  'tabeliao': 'tabeliaes',
-  'guardiao': 'guardiaes',
-  'sacristao': 'sacristaes',
-
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // -ão → -ãos (irregular, must memorize)
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  'mao': 'maos',
-  'cidadao': 'cidadaos',
-  'cristao': 'cristaos',
-  'irmao': 'irmaos',
-  'orgao': 'orgaos',
-  'bencao': 'bencaos',
-  'grao': 'graos',
-  'orfao': 'orfaos',
-  'sotao': 'sotaos',
-  'acordao': 'acordaos',
-  'cortesao': 'cortesaos',
-  'pagao': 'pagaos',
-  'chao': 'chaos',
-  'vao': 'vaos',
-
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // -l special cases
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  'mal': 'males',
-  'consul': 'consules',
-
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // Unstressed -il → -eis (paroxytones)
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  'fossil': 'fosseis',
-  'reptil': 'repteis',
-  'facil': 'faceis',
-  'dificil': 'dificeis',
-  'util': 'uteis',
-  'inutil': 'inuteis',
-  'agil': 'ageis',
-  'fragil': 'frageis',
-  'projetil': 'projeteis',
-  'volatil': 'volateis',
-  'docil': 'doceis',
-  'portatil': 'portateis',
-  'textil': 'texteis',
-
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // Singular words ending in -s/-us (not invariable, need -es plural)
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  'deus': 'deuses',
-
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // Invariable words (paroxytone/proparoxytone ending in -s/-x)
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  'caos': 'caos',
-  'onibus': 'onibus',
-  'lapis': 'lapis',
-  'virus': 'virus',
-  'atlas': 'atlas',
-  'pires': 'pires',
-  'cais': 'cais',
-  'torax': 'torax',
-  'fenix': 'fenix',
-  'xerox': 'xerox',
-  'latex': 'latex',
-  'index': 'index',
-  'duplex': 'duplex',
-  'telex': 'telex',
-  'climax': 'climax',
-  'simples': 'simples',
-  'oasis': 'oasis',
-  'tenis': 'tenis',
-
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // -ês → -eses (nationalities, months, etc.)
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  'portugues': 'portugueses',
-  'ingles': 'ingleses',
-  'frances': 'franceses',
-  'holandes': 'holandeses',
-  'japones': 'japoneses',
-  'chines': 'chineses',
-  'irlandes': 'irlandeses',
-  'escoces': 'escoceses',
-  'mes': 'meses',
-  'burges': 'burgueses',
-  'fregues': 'fregueses',
-  'marques': 'marqueses',
-
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // Other irregulars
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  'qualquer': 'quaisquer',
-  'carater': 'caracteres',
-  'junior': 'juniores',
-  'senior': 'seniores',
-
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  // Ambiguous normalized forms (context-dependent)
-  // "pais" (plural of pai) is invariable; "país" → "países" handled by rule
-  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  'pais': 'paises', // país → países (oxytone in -s)
-});
-
-/**
- * Builds reverse irregular mapping (plural → singular).
- * @param {Record<string, string>} irregulars
- * @returns {Record<string, string>}
- */
-const buildSingularIrregulars = (irregulars) => {
-  const result = {};
-  for (const [singular, plural] of Object.entries(irregulars)) {
-    if (plural !== singular) {
-      result[plural] = singular;
-    }
-  }
-  return result;
-};
-
-/**
- * Default irregular singulars (auto-generated reverse mapping).
- * @type {Readonly<Record<string, string>>}
- */
-export const PT_BR_DEFAULT_SINGULAR_IRREGULARS = Object.freeze(
-  buildSingularIrregulars(PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS)
-);
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// CONNECTORS
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Portuguese connector words used in compound expressions.
- * @type {ReadonlySet<string>}
- */
-export const PT_BR_CONNECTORS = Object.freeze(new Set(
-  [
-    'de', 'da', 'do', 'das', 'dos',
-    'em', 'na', 'no', 'nas', 'nos',
-    'a', 'ao', 'as', 'aos',
-    'com', 'sem', 'sob', 'sobre',
-    'para', 'por', 'pela', 'pelo', 'pelas', 'pelos',
-    'entre', 'contra', 'perante',
-    'e', 'ou'
-  ].map(normalizeLookup)
-));
-
-const hasConnectorWord = (term, connectors) => {
-  if (!term || !String(term).trim()) return false;
-  const original = String(term).trim();
-  const format = detectTextFormat(original);
-  const words = splitIntoWords(original, format);
-  return words.some(word => connectors?.has?.(normalizeLookup(word)));
-};
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// INFLECTION RULES
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Pluralization rules for Portuguese words.
- * Format: [suffix, replacement, suffixLength]
- * @type {ReadonlyArray<Readonly<[string, string, number]>>}
- */
-const PLURAL_RULES = Object.freeze([
-  // -ão → -ões (default; -ães and -ãos handled via irregulars)
-  ['ao', 'oes', 2],
-  // -m → -ns
-  ['m', 'ns', 1],
-  // -l endings
-  ['al', 'ais', 2],
-  ['el', 'eis', 2],
-  ['ol', 'ois', 2],
-  ['ul', 'uis', 2],
-  ['il', 'is', 2], // Stressed -il; unstressed in irregulars
-  // Oxytone words ending in -s add -es (gás→gases, ás→ases, ês→eses, etc.)
-  // Note: normalized form (no diacritics), so "gás" becomes "gas"
-  ['as', 'ases', 2],
-  ['es', 'eses', 2],
-  ['is', 'ises', 2],
-  ['os', 'oses', 2],
-  ['us', 'uses', 2],
-]);
-
-/**
- * Singularization rules for Portuguese words.
- * Format: [suffix, replacement, suffixLength]
- * @type {ReadonlyArray<Readonly<[string, string, number]>>}
- */
-const SINGULAR_RULES = Object.freeze([
-  // -ões/-ães/-ãos → -ão
-  ['oes', 'ao', 3],
-  ['aes', 'ao', 3],
-  ['aos', 'ao', 3],
-  // -ns → -m
-  ['ns', 'm', 2],
-  // -l endings reverse
-  ['ais', 'al', 3],
-  ['eis', 'el', 3],
-  ['ois', 'ol', 3],
-  ['uis', 'ul', 3],
-  ['is', 'il', 2],
-  // Oxytone -Vses → -Vs (gases→gas, meses→mes, etc.)
-  ['ases', 'as', 4],
-  ['eses', 'es', 4],
-  ['ises', 'is', 4],
-  ['oses', 'os', 4],
-  ['uses', 'us', 4],
-]);
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// UTILITY FUNCTIONS
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Normalizes a word for rule matching and irregular lookup.
- * @param {string} word - The word to normalize
- * @returns {string} Normalized word (lowercase, no diacritics)
- */
-const normalizeWord = (word) =>
-  stripDiacritics((word ?? '').toString()).toLowerCase().trim();
-
-/**
- * Applies suffix rules to a word.
- * @param {string} word - Normalized word
- * @param {ReadonlyArray<Readonly<[string, string, number]>>} rules
- * @returns {string|null} Transformed word or null if no rule matched
- */
-const applyRules = (word, rules) => {
-  for (const [suffix, replacement, length] of rules) {
-    if (word.endsWith(suffix)) {
-      return word.slice(0, -length) + replacement;
-    }
-  }
-  return null;
-};
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// PLURALIZATION
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Converts a Portuguese word to its plural form.
- * Output is normalized (no diacritics, lowercase).
- *
- * @param {string} word - The word to pluralize
- * @param {Record<string, string>} [irregulars=PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS]
- * @returns {string} The pluralized word (normalized)
- */
-export const pluralizeWordPtBr = (
-  word,
-  irregulars = PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS
-) => {
-  const normalized = normalizeWord(word);
-  if (!normalized) return '';
-
-  // 1. Check irregulars first
-  const irregular = irregulars[normalized];
-  if (irregular !== undefined) {
-    return irregular;
-  }
-
-  // 2. Apply suffix-based rules
-  const ruleResult = applyRules(normalized, PLURAL_RULES);
-  if (ruleResult !== null) {
-    return ruleResult;
-  }
-
-  // 3. Words ending in -x are typically invariable
-  if (PATTERNS.endsInX.test(normalized)) {
-    return normalized;
-  }
-
-  // 4. Consonants r, z, n require -es
-  if (PATTERNS.consonantEnding.test(normalized)) {
-    return normalized + 'es';
-  }
-
-  // 5. Words ending in -s (invariable or already plural)
-  if (normalized.endsWith('s')) {
-    return normalized;
-  }
-
-  // 6. Default: add -s
-  return normalized + 's';
-};
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// SINGULARIZATION
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Converts a Portuguese word to its singular form.
- * Output is normalized (no diacritics, lowercase).
- *
- * @param {string} word - The word to singularize
- * @param {Record<string, string>} [irregulars=PT_BR_DEFAULT_SINGULAR_IRREGULARS]
- * @returns {string} The singularized word (normalized)
- */
-export const singularizeWordPtBr = (
-  word,
-  irregulars = PT_BR_DEFAULT_SINGULAR_IRREGULARS
-) => {
-  const normalized = normalizeWord(word);
-  if (!normalized) return '';
-
-  // 1. Check irregulars first
-  const irregular = irregulars[normalized];
-  if (irregular !== undefined) {
-    return irregular;
-  }
-
-  // 2. Apply suffix-based rules
-  const ruleResult = applyRules(normalized, SINGULAR_RULES);
-  if (ruleResult !== null) {
-    return ruleResult;
-  }
-
-  // 3. Handle consonant + es pattern
-  if (PATTERNS.consonantEsEnding.test(normalized)) {
-    return normalized.slice(0, -2);
-  }
-
-  // 4. Words ending in vowel+s: remove s
-  if (PATTERNS.vowelBeforeS.test(normalized)) {
-    return normalized.slice(0, -1);
-  }
-
-  // 5. Already singular or invariable
-  return normalized;
-};
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// NOUN SPECIFIERS (SUBSTANTIVOS DETERMINANTES)
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Portuguese words that act as specifiers/delimiters in compound nouns.
- * When these appear as the second term, only the first term varies.
- * @type {ReadonlySet<string>}
- */
-export const PT_BR_NOUN_SPECIFIERS = Object.freeze(new Set(
-  [
-    'correcao', 'padrao', 'limite', 'chave', 'base', 'chefe',
-    'satelite', 'fantasma', 'monstro', 'escola', 'piloto',
-    'femea', 'macho', 'geral', 'solicitacao'
-  ].map(normalizeLookup)
-));
-
-const isCompoundWithSpecifier = (term, specifiers = PT_BR_NOUN_SPECIFIERS) => {
-  if (!term || !String(term).trim()) return false;
-  const original = String(term).trim();
-  const format = detectTextFormat(original);
-  const words = splitIntoWords(original, format);
-
-  if (words.length < 2) return false;
-
-  // Check if the last word is a known specifier
-  const lastWord = words[words.length - 1];
-  return specifiers.has(normalizeLookup(lastWord));
-};
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// COMPOUND TERM HANDLING
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Pluralizes a compound property/relation name in Portuguese.
- */
-export const pluralizeRelationPropertyPtBr = (
-  term,
-  { pluralizeWord = pluralizeWordPtBr, connectors = PT_BR_CONNECTORS, specifiers = PT_BR_NOUN_SPECIFIERS } = {}
-) => {
-  if (hasConnectorWord(term, connectors) || isCompoundWithSpecifier(term, specifiers)) {
-    return applyToCompoundHead(term, { connectors, transformWord: pluralizeWord });
-  }
-  return applyToCompoundWords(term, { connectors, transformWord: pluralizeWord });
-}
-
-/**
- * Singularizes a compound property/relation name in Portuguese.
- */
-export const singularizeRelationPropertyPtBr = (
-  term,
-  { singularizeWord = singularizeWordPtBr, connectors = PT_BR_CONNECTORS, specifiers = PT_BR_NOUN_SPECIFIERS } = {}
-) => {
-  if (hasConnectorWord(term, connectors) || isCompoundWithSpecifier(term, specifiers)) {
-    return applyToCompoundHead(term, { connectors, transformWord: singularizeWord });
-  }
-  return applyToCompoundWords(term, { connectors, transformWord: singularizeWord });
-}
-
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// INFLECTOR FACTORY
-// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-/**
- * Creates a Brazilian Portuguese inflector instance.
- */
-export const createPtBrInflector = ({ customIrregulars = {} } = {}) => {
-  const irregularPlurals = Object.freeze({
-    ...PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS,
-    ...customIrregulars
-  });
-
-  const irregularSingulars = Object.freeze({
-    ...PT_BR_DEFAULT_SINGULAR_IRREGULARS,
-    ...buildSingularIrregulars(customIrregulars)
-  });
-
-  const pluralizeWord = (w) => pluralizeWordPtBr(w, irregularPlurals);
-  const singularizeWord = (w) => singularizeWordPtBr(w, irregularSingulars);
-
-  return Object.freeze({
-    locale: 'pt-BR',
-    irregularPlurals,
-    irregularSingulars,
-    pluralizeWord,
-    singularizeWord,
-    pluralizeRelationProperty: (term) => pluralizeRelationPropertyPtBr(term, { pluralizeWord }),
-    singularizeRelationProperty: (term) => singularizeRelationPropertyPtBr(term, { singularizeWord }),
-    normalizeForLookup: normalizeWord
-  });
-};
-
-export default createPtBrInflector;
+import {
+  applyToCompoundHead,
+  applyToCompoundWords,
+  detectTextFormat,
+  normalizeLookup,
+  splitIntoWords,
+  stripDiacritics
+} from './compound.mjs';
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// PATTERNS
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Precompiled regex patterns for performance.
+ * @type {Readonly<Record<string, RegExp>>}
+ */
+const PATTERNS = Object.freeze({
+  consonantEnding: /[rzn]$/,
+  consonantEsEnding: /[rzn]es$/,
+  endsInX: /x$/,
+  vowelBeforeS: /[aeiou]s$/,
+});
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// IRREGULAR DICTIONARIES (all normalized - no diacritics)
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Default irregular plurals for Brazilian Portuguese.
+ * Keys AND values are normalized (no diacritics, lowercase).
+ * @type {Readonly<Record<string, string>>}
+ */
+export const PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS = Object.freeze({
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // -ão → -ães (irregular, must memorize)
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  'pao': 'paes',
+  'cao': 'caes',
+  'alemao': 'alemaes',
+  'capitao': 'capitaes',
+  'charlatao': 'charlataes',
+  'escrivao': 'escrivaes',
+  'tabeliao': 'tabeliaes',
+  'guardiao': 'guardiaes',
+  'sacristao': 'sacristaes',
+
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // -ão → -ãos (irregular, must memorize)
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  'mao': 'maos',
+  'cidadao': 'cidadaos',
+  'cristao': 'cristaos',
+  'irmao': 'irmaos',
+  'orgao': 'orgaos',
+  'bencao': 'bencaos',
+  'grao': 'graos',
+  'orfao': 'orfaos',
+  'sotao': 'sotaos',
+  'acordao': 'acordaos',
+  'cortesao': 'cortesaos',
+  'pagao': 'pagaos',
+  'chao': 'chaos',
+  'vao': 'vaos',
+
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // -l special cases
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  'mal': 'males',
+  'consul': 'consules',
+
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Unstressed -il → -eis (paroxytones)
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  'fossil': 'fosseis',
+  'reptil': 'repteis',
+  'facil': 'faceis',
+  'dificil': 'dificeis',
+  'util': 'uteis',
+  'inutil': 'inuteis',
+  'agil': 'ageis',
+  'fragil': 'frageis',
+  'projetil': 'projeteis',
+  'volatil': 'volateis',
+  'docil': 'doceis',
+  'portatil': 'portateis',
+  'textil': 'texteis',
+
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Singular words ending in -s/-us (not invariable, need -es plural)
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  'deus': 'deuses',
+
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Invariable words (paroxytone/proparoxytone ending in -s/-x)
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  'caos': 'caos',
+  'onibus': 'onibus',
+  'lapis': 'lapis',
+  'virus': 'virus',
+  'atlas': 'atlas',
+  'pires': 'pires',
+  'cais': 'cais',
+  'torax': 'torax',
+  'fenix': 'fenix',
+  'xerox': 'xerox',
+  'latex': 'latex',
+  'index': 'index',
+  'duplex': 'duplex',
+  'telex': 'telex',
+  'climax': 'climax',
+  'simples': 'simples',
+  'oasis': 'oasis',
+  'tenis': 'tenis',
+
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // -ês → -eses (nationalities, months, etc.)
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  'portugues': 'portugueses',
+  'ingles': 'ingleses',
+  'frances': 'franceses',
+  'holandes': 'holandeses',
+  'japones': 'japoneses',
+  'chines': 'chineses',
+  'irlandes': 'irlandeses',
+  'escoces': 'escoceses',
+  'mes': 'meses',
+  'burges': 'burgueses',
+  'fregues': 'fregueses',
+  'marques': 'marqueses',
+
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Other irregulars
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  'qualquer': 'quaisquer',
+  'carater': 'caracteres',
+  'junior': 'juniores',
+  'senior': 'seniores',
+
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // Ambiguous normalized forms (context-dependent)
+  // "pais" (plural of pai) is invariable; "país" → "países" handled by rule
+  // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  'pais': 'paises', // país → países (oxytone in -s)
+});
+
+/**
+ * Builds reverse irregular mapping (plural → singular).
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} irregulars
+ * @returns {Record<string, string>}
+ */
+const buildSingularIrregulars = (irregulars) => {
+  const result = {};
+  for (const [singular, plural] of Object.entries(irregulars)) {
+    if (plural !== singular) {
+      result[plural] = singular;
+    }
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Default irregular singulars (auto-generated reverse mapping).
+ * @type {Readonly<Record<string, string>>}
+ */
+export const PT_BR_DEFAULT_SINGULAR_IRREGULARS = Object.freeze(
+  buildSingularIrregulars(PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS)
+);
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// CONNECTORS
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Portuguese connector words used in compound expressions.
+ * @type {ReadonlySet<string>}
+ */
+export const PT_BR_CONNECTORS = Object.freeze(new Set(
+  [
+    'de', 'da', 'do', 'das', 'dos',
+    'em', 'na', 'no', 'nas', 'nos',
+    'a', 'ao', 'as', 'aos',
+    'com', 'sem', 'sob', 'sobre',
+    'para', 'por', 'pela', 'pelo', 'pelas', 'pelos',
+    'entre', 'contra', 'perante',
+    'e', 'ou'
+  ].map(normalizeLookup)
+));
+
+const hasConnectorWord = (term, connectors) => {
+  if (!term || !String(term).trim()) return false;
+  const original = String(term).trim();
+  const format = detectTextFormat(original);
+  const words = splitIntoWords(original, format);
+  return words.some(word => connectors?.has?.(normalizeLookup(word)));
+};
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// INFLECTION RULES
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Pluralization rules for Portuguese words.
+ * Format: [suffix, replacement, suffixLength]
+ * @type {ReadonlyArray<Readonly<[string, string, number]>>}
+ */
+const PLURAL_RULES = Object.freeze([
+  // -ão → -ões (default; -ães and -ãos handled via irregulars)
+  ['ao', 'oes', 2],
+  // -m → -ns
+  ['m', 'ns', 1],
+  // -l endings
+  ['al', 'ais', 2],
+  ['el', 'eis', 2],
+  ['ol', 'ois', 2],
+  ['ul', 'uis', 2],
+  ['il', 'is', 2], // Stressed -il; unstressed in irregulars
+  // Oxytone words ending in -s add -es (gás→gases, ás→ases, ês→eses, etc.)
+  // Note: normalized form (no diacritics), so "gás" becomes "gas"
+  ['as', 'ases', 2],
+  ['es', 'eses', 2],
+  ['is', 'ises', 2],
+  ['os', 'oses', 2],
+  ['us', 'uses', 2],
+]);
+
+/**
+ * Singularization rules for Portuguese words.
+ * Format: [suffix, replacement, suffixLength]
+ * @type {ReadonlyArray<Readonly<[string, string, number]>>}
+ */
+const SINGULAR_RULES = Object.freeze([
+  // -ões/-ães/-ãos → -ão
+  ['oes', 'ao', 3],
+  ['aes', 'ao', 3],
+  ['aos', 'ao', 3],
+  // -ns → -m
+  ['ns', 'm', 2],
+  // -l endings reverse
+  ['ais', 'al', 3],
+  ['eis', 'el', 3],
+  ['ois', 'ol', 3],
+  ['uis', 'ul', 3],
+  ['is', 'il', 2],
+  // Oxytone -Vses → -Vs (gases→gas, meses→mes, etc.)
+  ['ases', 'as', 4],
+  ['eses', 'es', 4],
+  ['ises', 'is', 4],
+  ['oses', 'os', 4],
+  ['uses', 'us', 4],
+]);
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// UTILITY FUNCTIONS
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Normalizes a word for rule matching and irregular lookup.
+ * @param {string} word - The word to normalize
+ * @returns {string} Normalized word (lowercase, no diacritics)
+ */
+const normalizeWord = (word) =>
+  stripDiacritics((word ?? '').toString()).toLowerCase().trim();
+
+/**
+ * Applies suffix rules to a word.
+ * @param {string} word - Normalized word
+ * @param {ReadonlyArray<Readonly<[string, string, number]>>} rules
+ * @returns {string|null} Transformed word or null if no rule matched
+ */
+const applyRules = (word, rules) => {
+  for (const [suffix, replacement, length] of rules) {
+    if (word.endsWith(suffix)) {
+      return word.slice(0, -length) + replacement;
+    }
+  }
+  return null;
+};
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// PLURALIZATION
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Converts a Portuguese word to its plural form.
+ * Output is normalized (no diacritics, lowercase).
+ *
+ * @param {string} word - The word to pluralize
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} [irregulars=PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS]
+ * @returns {string} The pluralized word (normalized)
+ */
+export const pluralizeWordPtBr = (
+  word,
+  irregulars = PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS
+) => {
+  const normalized = normalizeWord(word);
+  if (!normalized) return '';
+
+  // 1. Check irregulars first
+  const irregular = irregulars[normalized];
+  if (irregular !== undefined) {
+    return irregular;
+  }
+
+  // 2. Apply suffix-based rules
+  const ruleResult = applyRules(normalized, PLURAL_RULES);
+  if (ruleResult !== null) {
+    return ruleResult;
+  }
+
+  // 3. Words ending in -x are typically invariable
+  if (PATTERNS.endsInX.test(normalized)) {
+    return normalized;
+  }
+
+  // 4. Consonants r, z, n require -es
+  if (PATTERNS.consonantEnding.test(normalized)) {
+    return normalized + 'es';
+  }
+
+  // 5. Words ending in -s (invariable or already plural)
+  if (normalized.endsWith('s')) {
+    return normalized;
+  }
+
+  // 6. Default: add -s
+  return normalized + 's';
+};
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// SINGULARIZATION
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Converts a Portuguese word to its singular form.
+ * Output is normalized (no diacritics, lowercase).
+ *
+ * @param {string} word - The word to singularize
+ * @param {Record<string, string>} [irregulars=PT_BR_DEFAULT_SINGULAR_IRREGULARS]
+ * @returns {string} The singularized word (normalized)
+ */
+export const singularizeWordPtBr = (
+  word,
+  irregulars = PT_BR_DEFAULT_SINGULAR_IRREGULARS
+) => {
+  const normalized = normalizeWord(word);
+  if (!normalized) return '';
+
+  // 1. Check irregulars first
+  const irregular = irregulars[normalized];
+  if (irregular !== undefined) {
+    return irregular;
+  }
+
+  // 2. Apply suffix-based rules
+  const ruleResult = applyRules(normalized, SINGULAR_RULES);
+  if (ruleResult !== null) {
+    return ruleResult;
+  }
+
+  // 3. Handle consonant + es pattern
+  if (PATTERNS.consonantEsEnding.test(normalized)) {
+    return normalized.slice(0, -2);
+  }
+
+  // 4. Words ending in vowel+s: remove s
+  if (PATTERNS.vowelBeforeS.test(normalized)) {
+    return normalized.slice(0, -1);
+  }
+
+  // 5. Already singular or invariable
+  return normalized;
+};
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// NOUN SPECIFIERS (SUBSTANTIVOS DETERMINANTES)
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Portuguese words that act as specifiers/delimiters in compound nouns.
+ * When these appear as the second term, only the first term varies.
+ * @type {ReadonlySet<string>}
+ */
+export const PT_BR_NOUN_SPECIFIERS = Object.freeze(new Set(
+  [
+    'correcao', 'padrao', 'limite', 'chave', 'base', 'chefe',
+    'satelite', 'fantasma', 'monstro', 'escola', 'piloto',
+    'femea', 'macho', 'geral', 'solicitacao'
+  ].map(normalizeLookup)
+));
+
+const isCompoundWithSpecifier = (term, specifiers = PT_BR_NOUN_SPECIFIERS) => {
+  if (!term || !String(term).trim()) return false;
+  const original = String(term).trim();
+  const format = detectTextFormat(original);
+  const words = splitIntoWords(original, format);
+
+  if (words.length < 2) return false;
+
+  // Check if the last word is a known specifier
+  const lastWord = words[words.length - 1];
+  return specifiers.has(normalizeLookup(lastWord));
+};
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// COMPOUND TERM HANDLING
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Pluralizes a compound property/relation name in Portuguese.
+ */
+export const pluralizeRelationPropertyPtBr = (
+  term,
+  { pluralizeWord = pluralizeWordPtBr, connectors = PT_BR_CONNECTORS, specifiers = PT_BR_NOUN_SPECIFIERS } = {}
+) => {
+  if (hasConnectorWord(term, connectors) || isCompoundWithSpecifier(term, specifiers)) {
+    return applyToCompoundHead(term, { connectors, transformWord: pluralizeWord });
+  }
+  return applyToCompoundWords(term, { connectors, transformWord: pluralizeWord });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Singularizes a compound property/relation name in Portuguese.
+ */
+export const singularizeRelationPropertyPtBr = (
+  term,
+  { singularizeWord = singularizeWordPtBr, connectors = PT_BR_CONNECTORS, specifiers = PT_BR_NOUN_SPECIFIERS } = {}
+) => {
+  if (hasConnectorWord(term, connectors) || isCompoundWithSpecifier(term, specifiers)) {
+    return applyToCompoundHead(term, { connectors, transformWord: singularizeWord });
+  }
+  return applyToCompoundWords(term, { connectors, transformWord: singularizeWord });
+}
+
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// INFLECTOR FACTORY
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+/**
+ * Creates a Brazilian Portuguese inflector instance.
+ */
+export const createPtBrInflector = ({ customIrregulars = {} } = {}) => {
+  const irregularPlurals = Object.freeze({
+    ...PT_BR_DEFAULT_IRREGULARS,
+    ...customIrregulars
+  });
+
+  const irregularSingulars = Object.freeze({
+    ...PT_BR_DEFAULT_SINGULAR_IRREGULARS,
+    ...buildSingularIrregulars(customIrregulars)
+  });
+
+  const pluralizeWord = (w) => pluralizeWordPtBr(w, irregularPlurals);
+  const singularizeWord = (w) => singularizeWordPtBr(w, irregularSingulars);
+
+  return Object.freeze({
+    locale: 'pt-BR',
+    irregularPlurals,
+    irregularSingulars,
+    pluralizeWord,
+    singularizeWord,
+    pluralizeRelationProperty: (term) => pluralizeRelationPropertyPtBr(term, { pluralizeWord }),
+    singularizeRelationProperty: (term) => singularizeRelationPropertyPtBr(term, { singularizeWord }),
+    normalizeForLookup: normalizeWord
+  });
+};
+
+export default createPtBrInflector;