mdbxmou 0.1.26

package/deps/libmdbx/test/stochastic.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Леонид Юрьев aka Leonid Yuriev <leo@yuriev.ru>
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+if [ "${BASH_VERSION}" \< "4.3" ]; then
+  echo "Bash-shell 4.3 or later is REQUIRED." >&2
+  echo "Present Bash-shell version is '${BASH_VERSION}' (BASH_VERSION)" >&2
+  exit
+fi
+
+LIST=basic
+FROM=1
+UPTO=9999999
+MONITOR=
+LOOPS=
+SKIP_MAKE=no
+GEOMETRY_JITTER=yes
+BANNER="$(which banner 2>/dev/null || echo echo)"
+UNAME="$(uname -s 2>/dev/null || echo Unknown)"
+DB_UPTO_MB=17408
+PAGESIZE=min
+DONT_CHECK_RAM=no
+EXTRA=no
+TAILLOG=0
+DELAY=0
+REPORT_DEPTH=no
+REPEAT=11
+ROUNDS=1
+SMALL=no
+NUMABIND=
+
+while [ -n "$1" ]
+do
+  case "$1" in
+  --help)
+    echo "--multi                Engage multi-process test scenario (default)"
+    echo "--single               Execute series of single-process tests (for QEMU, etc)"
+    echo "--nested               Execute only 'nested' testcase"
+    echo "--hill                 Execute only 'hill' testcase"
+    echo "--append               Execute only 'append' testcase"
+    echo "--ttl                  Execute only 'ttl' testcase"
+    echo "--with-valgrind        Run tests under Valgrind's memcheck tool"
+    echo "--skip-make            Don't (re)build libmdbx and test's executable"
+    echo "--from NN              Start iterating from the NN ops per test case"
+    echo "--upto NN              Don't run tests with more than NN ops per test case"
+    echo "--repeat NN            Repeat each testcase NN times within test run"
+    echo "--rounds NN            Cycle each n-ops/wbatch case NN times"
+    echo "--loops NN             Stop after the NN loops"
+    echo "--dir PATH             Specifies directory for test DB and other files (it will be cleared)"
+    echo "--db-upto-mb NN        Limits upper size of test DB to the NN megabytes"
+    echo "--db-upto-gb NN        --''--''--''--''--''--''--''--''--  NN gigabytes"
+    echo "--no-geometry-jitter   Disable jitter for geometry upper-size"
+    echo "--pagesize NN          Use specified page size (256 is minimal and used by default)"
+    echo "--numa NODE            Bind to the specified NUMA node"
+    echo "--dont-check-ram-size  Don't check available RAM"
+    echo "--extra                Iterate extra modes/flags"
+    echo "--taillog              Dump tail of test log on failure"
+    echo "--delay NN             Delay NN seconds before run test"
+    echo "--report-depth         Report tree depth (tee+grep log)"
+    echo "--small                Small transactions/batch/nops pattern"
+    echo "--help                 Print this usage help and exit"
+    exit -2
+  ;;
+  --taillog)
+    TAILLOG=3333
+  ;;
+  --multi)
+    LIST=basic
+  ;;
+  --single)
+    LIST="--nested --hill --append --ttl --copy"
+  ;;
+  --nested)
+    LIST="--nested"
+  ;;
+  --hill)
+    LIST="--hill"
+  ;;
+  --append)
+    LIST="--append"
+  ;;
+  --ttl)
+    LIST="--ttl"
+  ;;
+  --with-valgrind)
+    echo " NOTE: Valgrind could produce some false-positive warnings"
+    echo "       in multi-process environment with shared memory."
+    echo "       For instance, when the process 'A' explicitly marks a memory"
+    echo "       region as 'undefined', the process 'B' fill it,"
+    echo "       and after this process 'A' read such region, etc."
+    MONITOR="valgrind --trace-children=yes --log-file=valgrind-%p.log --leak-check=full --track-origins=yes --read-var-info=yes --error-exitcode=42 --suppressions=test/valgrind_suppress.txt"
+    rm -f valgrind-*.log
+  ;;
+  --skip-make)
+    SKIP_MAKE=yes
+  ;;
+  --from)
+    FROM=$(($2))
+    if [ -z "$FROM" -o "$FROM" -lt 1 ]; then
+      echo "Invalid value '$FROM' for --from option"
+      exit -2
+    fi
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --upto)
+    UPTO=$(($2))
+    if [ -z "$UPTO" -o "$UPTO" -lt 1 ]; then
+      echo "Invalid value '$UPTO' for --upto option"
+      exit -2
+    fi
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --repeat|--reps|--rep)
+    REPEAT=$(($2))
+    if [ -z "$REPEAT" -o "$REPEAT" -lt 1 -o "$REPEAT" -gt 99 ]; then
+      echo "Invalid value '$REPEAT' for --repeat option"
+      exit -2
+    fi
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --rounds)
+    ROUNDS=$(($2))
+    if [ -z "$ROUNDS" -o "$ROUNDS" -lt 1 -o "$ROUNDS" -gt 99 ]; then
+      echo "Invalid value '$ROUNDS' for --rounds option"
+      exit -2
+    fi
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --loops)
+    LOOPS=$(($2))
+    if [ -z "$LOOPS" -o "$LOOPS" -lt 1 -o "$LOOPS" -gt 99 ]; then
+      echo "Invalid value '$LOOPS' for --loops option"
+      exit -2
+    fi
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --dir)
+    TESTDB_DIR="$2"
+    if [ -z "$TESTDB_DIR" ]; then
+      echo "Invalid value '$TESTDB_DIR' for --dir option"
+      exit -2
+    fi
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --db-upto-mb)
+    DB_UPTO_MB=$(($2))
+    if [ -z "$DB_UPTO_MB" -o "$DB_UPTO_MB" -lt 1 -o "$DB_UPTO_MB" -gt 4194304 ]; then
+      echo "Invalid value '$DB_UPTO_MB' for --db-upto-mb option"
+      exit -2
+    fi
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --db-upto-gb)
+    DB_UPTO_MB=$(($2 * 1024))
+    if [ -z "$DB_UPTO_MB" -o "$DB_UPTO_MB" -lt 1 -o "$DB_UPTO_MB" -gt 4194304 ]; then
+      echo "Invalid value '$2' for --db-upto-gb option"
+      exit -2
+    fi
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --no-geometry-jitter)
+    GEOMETRY_JITTER=no
+  ;;
+  --pagesize|--page-size)
+    case "$2" in
+      min|max|256|512|1024|2048|4096|8192|16386|32768|65536)
+        PAGESIZE=$2
+      ;;
+      1|1k|1K|k|K)
+        PAGESIZE=$((1024*1))
+      ;;
+      2|2k|2K)
+        PAGESIZE=$((1024*2))
+      ;;
+      4|4k|4K)
+        PAGESIZE=$((1024*4))
+      ;;
+      8|8k|8K)
+        PAGESIZE=$((1024*8))
+      ;;
+      16|16k|16K)
+        PAGESIZE=$((1024*16))
+      ;;
+      32|32k|32K)
+        PAGESIZE=$((1024*32))
+      ;;
+      64|64k|64K)
+        PAGESIZE=$((1024*64))
+      ;;
+      *)
+        echo "Invalid page size '$2'"
+        exit -2
+      ;;
+    esac
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --dont-check-ram-size)
+    DONT_CHECK_RAM=yes
+  ;;
+  --extra)
+    EXTRA=yes
+  ;;
+  --delay)
+    DELAY=$(($2))
+    shift
+  ;;
+  --report-depth)
+    REPORT_DEPTH=yes
+  ;;
+  --small)
+    SMALL=yes
+  ;;
+  --numa)
+    NUMANODE=$2
+    if [[ ! $NUMANODE =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
+      echo "Invalid value '$NUMANODE' for --numa option, expect an integer of NUMA-node"
+      exit -2
+    fi
+    NUMABIND="numactl --membind ${NUMANODE} --cpunodebind ${NUMANODE}"
+    shift
+  ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Unknown option '$1'"
+    exit -2
+  ;;
+  esac
+ shift
+done
+
+set -euo pipefail
+if [ -z "$MONITOR" ]; then
+  export MALLOC_CHECK_=7 MALLOC_PERTURB_=42
+fi
+
+if ! which $([ "$SKIP_MAKE" == "no" ] && echo make cc c++) tee >/dev/null; then
+  echo "Please install the following prerequisites: make cc c++ tee banner" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# 1. clean data from prev runs and examine available RAM
+
+WANNA_MOUNT=0
+case ${UNAME} in
+  Linux)
+    MAKE=make
+    if [ -z "${TESTDB_DIR:-}" ]; then
+      for old_test_dir in $(ls -d /dev/shm/mdbx-test.[0-9]* 2>/dev/null); do
+        rm -rf $old_test_dir
+      done
+      TESTDB_DIR="/dev/shm/mdbx-test.$$"
+    fi
+    mkdir -p $TESTDB_DIR && rm -f $TESTDB_DIR/*
+
+    if LC_ALL=C free | grep -q -i available; then
+      ram_avail_mb=$(($(LC_ALL=C free | grep -i Mem: | tr -s '[:blank:]' ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f 7) / 1024))
+    else
+      ram_avail_mb=$(($(LC_ALL=C free | grep -i Mem: | tr -s '[:blank:]' ' ' | cut -d ' ' -f 4) / 1024))
+    fi
+  ;;
+
+  FreeBSD)
+    MAKE=gmake
+    if [ -z "${TESTDB_DIR:-}" ]; then
+      for old_test_dir in $(ls -d /tmp/mdbx-test.[0-9]* 2>/dev/null); do
+        umount $old_test_dir && rm -r $old_test_dir
+      done
+      TESTDB_DIR="/tmp/mdbx-test.$$"
+      rm -rf $TESTDB_DIR && mkdir -p $TESTDB_DIR
+      WANNA_MOUNT=1
+    else
+      mkdir -p $TESTDB_DIR && rm -f $TESTDB_DIR/*
+    fi
+    ram_avail_mb=$(($(LC_ALL=C vmstat -s | grep -ie '[0-9] pages free$' | cut -d p -f 1) * ($(LC_ALL=C vmstat -s | grep -ie '[0-9] bytes per page$' | cut -d b -f 1) / 1024) / 1024))
+  ;;
+
+  Darwin)
+    MAKE=make
+    if [ -z "${TESTDB_DIR:-}" ]; then
+      for vol in $(ls -d /Volumes/mdx[0-9]*[0-9]tst 2>/dev/null); do
+        disk=$(mount | grep $vol | cut -d ' ' -f 1)
+        echo "umount: volume $vol disk $disk"
+        hdiutil unmount $vol -force
+        hdiutil detach $disk
+      done
+      TESTDB_DIR="/Volumes/mdx$$tst"
+      WANNA_MOUNT=1
+    else
+      mkdir -p $TESTDB_DIR && rm -f $TESTDB_DIR/*
+    fi
+    pagesize=$(($(LC_ALL=C vm_stat | grep -o 'page size of [0-9]\+ bytes' | cut -d' ' -f 4) / 1024))
+    freepages=$(LC_ALL=C vm_stat | grep '^Pages free:' | grep -o '[0-9]\+\.$' | cut -d'.' -f 1)
+    ram_avail_mb=$((pagesize * freepages / 1024))
+    echo "pagesize ${pagesize}K, freepages ${freepages}, ram_avail_mb ${ram_avail_mb}"
+  ;;
+
+  MSYS*|MINGW*)
+    if [ -z "${TESTDB_DIR:-}" ]; then
+      for old_test_dir in $(ls -d /tmp/mdbx-test.[0-9]* 2>/dev/null); do
+        rm -rf $old_test_dir
+      done
+      TESTDB_DIR="/tmp/mdbx-test.$$"
+    fi
+    mkdir -p $TESTDB_DIR && rm -f $TESTDB_DIR/*
+
+    echo "FIXME: Fake support for ${UNAME}"
+    ram_avail_mb=32768
+  ;;
+
+  *)
+    echo "FIXME: ${UNAME} not supported by this script"
+    exit 2
+  ;;
+esac
+
+ulimit -c unlimited || echo "failed set unlimited core-dump size" >&2
+rm -f ${TESTDB_DIR}/*
+
+###############################################################################
+# 2. estimate reasonable RAM space for test-db
+
+echo "=== ${ram_avail_mb}M RAM available"
+if [ $DONT_CHECK_RAM = yes ]; then
+  db_size_mb=$DB_UPTO_MB
+  ram_reserve4logs_mb=64
+else
+  ram_reserve4logs_mb=1234
+  if [ $ram_avail_mb -lt $ram_reserve4logs_mb ]; then
+    echo "=== At least ${ram_reserve4logs_mb}Mb RAM required"
+    exit 3
+  fi
+
+#
+# В режимах отличных от MDBX_WRITEMAP изменения до записи в файл
+# будут накапливаться в памяти, что может потребовать свободной
+# памяти размером с БД. Кроме этого, в тест входит сценарий
+# создания копия БД на ходу. Поэтому БД не может быть больше 1/3
+# от доступной памяти. Однако, следует учесть что malloc() будет
+# не сразу возвращать выделенную память системе, а также
+# предусмотреть места для логов.
+#
+# In non-MDBX_WRITEMAP modes, updates (dirty pages) will
+# accumulate in memory before writing to the disk, which may
+# require a free memory up to the size of a whole database. In
+# addition, the test includes a script create a copy of the
+# database on the go. Therefore, the database cannot be more 1/3
+# of available memory. Moreover, should be taken into account
+# that malloc() will not return the allocated memory to the
+# system immediately, as well some space is required for logs.
+#
+  db_size_mb=$(((ram_avail_mb - ram_reserve4logs_mb) / 4))
+  if [ $db_size_mb -gt $DB_UPTO_MB ]; then
+    db_size_mb=$DB_UPTO_MB
+  fi
+fi
+echo "=== use ${db_size_mb}M for DB"
+
+###############################################################################
+# 3. Create test-directory in ramfs/tmpfs, i.e. create/format/mount if required
+case ${UNAME} in
+  Linux)
+    ulimit -c unlimited
+    if [ "$(cat /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern)" != "core.%p" ]; then
+      echo "core.%p > /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern" >&2
+      if [ $(id -u) -ne 0 -a -n "$(which sudo 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+        echo "core.%p" | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern || true
+      else
+        (echo "core.%p" > /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern) || true
+      fi
+    fi
+  ;;
+
+  FreeBSD)
+    if [[ WANNA_MOUNT ]]; then
+      mount -t tmpfs tmpfs $TESTDB_DIR
+    fi
+  ;;
+
+  Darwin)
+    if [[ WANNA_MOUNT ]]; then
+      ramdisk_size_mb=$((42 + db_size_mb * 2 + ram_reserve4logs_mb))
+      number_of_sectors=$((ramdisk_size_mb * 2048))
+      ramdev=$(hdiutil attach -nomount ram://${number_of_sectors})
+      diskutil erasevolume ExFAT "mdx$$tst" ${ramdev}
+    fi
+  ;;
+
+  MSYS*|MINGW*)
+    echo "FIXME: Fake support for ${UNAME}"
+  ;;
+
+  *)
+    echo "FIXME: ${UNAME} not supported by this script"
+    exit 2
+  ;;
+esac
+
+###############################################################################
+# 4. build the test executables
+
+if [ "$SKIP_MAKE" != "yes" ]; then
+  ${MAKE} -j$(which nproc  >/dev/null 2>/dev/null && nproc || echo 2) build-test
+fi
+
+###############################################################################
+# 5. internal preparations
+
+if which setsid >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+  SETSID=$(which setsid)
+else
+  SETSID=""
+fi
+
+if which lz4 >/dev/null; then
+  function logger {
+    ${SETSID} lz4 -z -c > ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log.lz4 || echo "FAILED 'lz4 -z -c > ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log.lz4'" >&2
+  }
+  function taillog {
+    if [ -s ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log.lz4 ]; then
+      echo "=============================================== last ${TAILLOG} lines"
+      lz4 -d -c ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log.lz4 | tail -n ${TAILLOG}
+    else
+      echo "=============================================== no test log"
+    fi
+  }
+elif which gzip >/dev/null; then
+  function logger {
+    ${SETSID} gzip -c -k > ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log.gz || echo "FAILED 'gzip -c -k > ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log.gz'" >&2
+  }
+  function taillog {
+    if [ -s ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log.gz ]; then
+      echo "=============================================== last ${TAILLOG} lines"
+      gzip -d -c ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log.gz | tail -n ${TAILLOG}
+    else
+      echo "=============================================== no test log"
+   fi
+  }
+else
+  function logger {
+    cat > ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log || echo "FAILED 'cat > ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log'" >&2
+  }
+  function taillog {
+    if [ -s ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log ]; then
+      echo "=============================================== last ${TAILLOG} lines"
+      tail -n ${TAILLOG} ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.log
+    else
+      echo "=============================================== no test log"
+    fi
+  }
+fi
+
+if [ "$EXTRA" != "no" ]; then
+  options=(perturb nomeminit nordahead writemap lifo nostickythreads validation)
+else
+  options=(writemap lifo nostickythreads)
+fi
+syncmodes=("" ,+nosync-safe ,+nosync-utterly ,+nometasync)
+function join { local IFS="$1"; shift; echo "$*"; }
+
+function bits2options {
+  local bits=$1
+  local i
+  local list=()
+  for ((i = 0; i < ${#options[@]}; ++i)); do
+    list[$i]=$( (( (bits & (1 << i)) != 0 )) && echo -n '+' || echo -n '-'; echo ${options[$i]})
+  done
+  join , ${list[@]}
+}
+
+LFD=0
+trap "echo 'SIGPIPE(ignored)'" SIGPIPE
+
+function failed {
+  set +euo pipefail
+  echo "FAILED" >&2
+  if [ ${LFD} -ne 0 ]; then
+    sleep 0.05
+    echo "@@@ END-OF-LOG/FAILED" >&${LFD}
+    sleep 0.05
+    exec {LFD}>&-
+    LFD=0
+  fi
+  if [ ${TAILLOG} -gt 0 ]; then
+    taillog
+  fi
+  exit 1
+}
+
+function on_exit {
+  set +euo pipefail
+  if [ ${LFD} -ne 0 ]; then
+    sleep 0.05
+    echo "@@@ END-OF-LOG/EXIT" >&${LFD}
+    sleep 0.05
+    exec {LFD}>&-
+    LFD=0
+  fi
+  echo "--- EXIT" >&2
+}
+trap on_exit EXIT
+
+function probe {
+  echo "----------------------------------------------- $(date)"
+  echo "PROBE №${caption}"
+  rm -f ${TESTDB_DIR}/* || failed
+  for case in $LIST
+  do
+    echo "${speculum} --random-writemap=no --ignore-dbfull --repeat=${REPEAT} --pathname=${TESTDB_DIR}/long.db --cleanup-after=no --geometry-jitter=${GEOMETRY_JITTER} $@ $case"
+    if [[ ${REPORT_DEPTH} = "yes" && ($case = "basic" || $case = "--hill") ]]; then
+      if [ -z "${TEE4PIPE:-}" ]; then
+        TEE4PIPE=$(tee --help | grep -q ' -p' && echo "tee -i -p" || echo "tee -i")
+      fi
+      exec {LFD}> >(${TEE4PIPE} >(logger) | grep -e reach -e achieve)
+    else
+      exec {LFD}> >(logger)
+    fi
+    ${NUMABIND} ${MONITOR} ./mdbx_test ${speculum} --random-writemap=no --ignore-dbfull --repeat=${REPEAT} --pathname=${TESTDB_DIR}/long.db --cleanup-after=no --geometry-jitter=${GEOMETRY_JITTER} "$@" $case >&${LFD} \
+      && ${NUMABIND} ${MONITOR} ./mdbx_chk -q ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.db | tee ${TESTDB_DIR}/long-chk.log \
+      && ([ ! -e ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.db-copy ] || ${NUMABIND} ${MONITOR} ./mdbx_chk -q ${TESTDB_DIR}/long.db-copy | tee ${TESTDB_DIR}/long-chk-copy.log) \
+      || failed
+    if [ ${LFD} -ne 0 ]; then
+      echo "@@@ END-OF-LOG/ITERATION" >&${LFD}
+      exec {LFD}>&-
+      LFD=0
+    fi
+  done
+}
+
+# generate caseset
+declare -A caseset_id2caption
+declare -A caseset_id2args
+cases=0
+for ((bits=2**${#options[@]}; --bits >= 0; )); do
+
+  split=30
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,with-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,int-data, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.integer --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="with-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,fixdups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="fixdups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+
+  split=24
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,with-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,int-data, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.integer --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="with-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,fixdups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="fixdups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+
+  split=16
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,w/o-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,-data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=1111 --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,with-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,int-data, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.integer --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="w/o-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=-data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=1111 --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="with-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,fixdups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="fixdups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+
+  if [ "$EXTRA" != "no" ]; then
+    split=10
+    cases=$((++cases))
+    caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,w/o-dups, split=${split}"
+    caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,-data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=1111 --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+    cases=$((++cases))
+    caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,with-dups, split=${split}"
+    caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+    cases=$((++cases))
+    caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,int-data, split=${split}"
+    caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.integer --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+    cases=$((++cases))
+    caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="w/o-dups, split=${split}"
+    caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=-data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=1111 --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+    cases=$((++cases))
+    caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="with-dups, split=${split}"
+    caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+    cases=$((++cases))
+    caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,fixdups, split=${split}"
+    caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+    cases=$((++cases))
+    caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="fixdups, split=${split}"
+    caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  fi
+
+  split=4
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,w/o-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,-data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=1111 --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,int-data, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.integer --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=max --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="w/o-dups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=-data.multi --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen.min=min --datalen.max=1111 --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="int-key,fixdups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+key.integer,+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+  cases=$((++cases))
+  caseset_id2caption[${cases}]="fixdups, split=${split}"
+  caseset_id2args[${cases}]="--table=+data.fixed --keygen.split=${split} --keylen.min=min --keylen.max=max --datalen=rnd --mode=$(bits2options $bits)${syncmodes[cases%4]}"
+done
+
+###############################################################################
+# 6. run stochastic iterations
+
+function pass {
+  for ((round=1; round <= ROUNDS; ++round)); do
+    echo "======================================================================="
+    if [[ $ROUNDS > 1 ]]; then
+      ${BANNER} "$nops / $wbatch / round $round of $ROUNDS"
+    else
+      ${BANNER} "$nops / $wbatch"
+    fi
+
+    seed=$(($(date +%s) + RANDOM))
+    subcase=0
+    for id in $(seq 1 ${cases} | shuf); do
+      caption="$((++count)) ${caseset_id2caption[${id}]}, case $((++subcase))/${id} of ${cases}" probe \
+        --prng-seed=${seed} --pagesize=$PAGESIZE --size-upper-upto=${db_size_mb}M ${caseset_id2args[${id}]} --nops=$nops --batch.write=$wbatch
+    done
+  done
+}
+
+if [ "$DELAY" != "0" ]; then
+  sleep $DELAY
+fi
+
+count=0
+loop=0
+if [[ $SMALL != "yes" ]]; then
+  for nops in 10 33 100 333 1000 3333 10000 33333 100000 333333 1000000 3333333 10000000 33333333 100000000 333333333 1000000000; do
+    if [ $nops -lt $FROM ]; then continue; fi
+    if [ $nops -gt $UPTO ]; then echo "The '--upto $UPTO' limit reached"; break; fi
+    if [ -n "$LOOPS" ] && [ $loop -ge "$LOOPS" ]; then echo "The '--loops $LOOPS' limit reached"; break; fi
+    echo "======================================================================="
+    wbatch=$((nops / 7 + 1))
+    speculum=$([ $nops -le 1000 ] && echo '--speculum' || true)
+    while true; do
+      pass
+      loop=$((loop + 1))
+      if [ -n "$LOOPS" ] && [ $loop -ge "$LOOPS" ]; then break; fi
+      wbatch=$(((wbatch > 7) ? wbatch / 7 : 1))
+      if [ $wbatch -eq 1 -o $((nops / wbatch)) -gt 1000 ]; then break; fi
+    done # batch (write-ops per txn)
+  done # n-ops
+else
+  for ((wbatch=FROM; wbatch<=UPTO; ++wbatch)); do
+    if [ -n "$LOOPS" ] && [ $loop -ge "$LOOPS" ]; then echo "The '--loops $LOOPS' limit reached"; break; fi
+    echo "======================================================================="
+    speculum=$([ $wbatch -le 1000 ] && echo '--speculum' || true)
+    nops=$((wbatch / 7 + 1))
+    pass
+    loop=$((loop + 1))
+  done # wbatch
+fi
+
+echo "=== ALL DONE ====================== $(date)"