littlejsengine 1.16.1 → 1.16.2

package/src/engineUtilities.js

@@ -10,256 +10,6 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
-/** The value of PI
- *  @type {number}
- *  @default Math.PI
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const PI = Math.PI;
-
-/** Returns absolute value of value passed in
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const abs = Math.abs;
-
-/** Returns floored value of value passed in
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const floor = Math.floor;
-
-/** Returns ceiled value of value passed in
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const ceil = Math.ceil;
-
-/** Returns rounded value passed in
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const round = Math.round;
-
-/** Returns lowest value passed in
- *  @param {...number} values
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const min = Math.min;
-
-/** Returns highest value passed in
- *  @param {...number} values
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const max = Math.max;
-
-/** Returns the sign of value passed in
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const sign = Math.sign;
-
-/** Returns hypotenuse of values passed in
- *  @param {...number} values
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const hypot = Math.hypot;
-
-/** Returns log2 of value passed in
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const log2 = Math.log2;
-
-/** Returns sin of value passed in
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const sin = Math.sin;
-
-/** Returns cos of value passed in
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const cos = Math.cos;
-
-/** Returns tan of value passed in
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const tan = Math.tan;
-
-/** Returns atan2 of values passed in
- *  @param {number} y
- *  @param {number} x
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const atan2 = Math.atan2;
-
-/** Returns first parm modulo the second param, but adjusted so negative numbers work as expected
- *  @param {number} dividend
- *  @param {number} [divisor]
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function mod(dividend, divisor=1) { return ((dividend % divisor) + divisor) % divisor; }
-
-/** Clamps the value between max and min
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @param {number} [min]
- *  @param {number} [max]
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function clamp(value, min=0, max=1) { return value < min ? min : value > max ? max : value; }
-
-/** Returns what percentage the value is between valueA and valueB
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @param {number} valueA
- *  @param {number} valueB
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function percent(value, valueA, valueB)
-{ return (valueB-=valueA) ? clamp((value-valueA)/valueB) : 0; }
-
-/** Linearly interpolates between values passed in using percent
- *  @param {number} valueA
- *  @param {number} valueB
- *  @param {number} percent
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function lerp(valueA, valueB, percent)
-{ return valueA + clamp(percent) * (valueB-valueA); }
-
-/** Gets percent between percentA and percentB and linearly interpolates between lerpA and lerpB
- *  A shortcut for lerp(lerpA, lerpB, percent(value, percentA, percentB))
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @param {number} percentA
- *  @param {number} percentB
- *  @param {number} lerpA
- *  @param {number} lerpB
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function percentLerp(value, percentA, percentB, lerpA, lerpB)
-{ return lerp(lerpA, lerpB, percent(value, percentA, percentB)); }
-
-/** Returns signed wrapped distance between the two values passed in
- *  @param {number} valueA
- *  @param {number} valueB
- *  @param {number} [wrapSize]
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function distanceWrap(valueA, valueB, wrapSize=1)
-{ const d = (valueA - valueB) % wrapSize; return d*2 % wrapSize - d; }
-
-/** Linearly interpolates between values passed in with wrapping
- *  @param {number} valueA
- *  @param {number} valueB
- *  @param {number} percent
- *  @param {number} [wrapSize]
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function lerpWrap(valueA, valueB, percent, wrapSize=1)
-{ return valueA + clamp(percent) * distanceWrap(valueB, valueA, wrapSize); }
-
-/** Returns signed wrapped distance between the two angles passed in
- *  @param {number} angleA
- *  @param {number} angleB
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function distanceAngle(angleA, angleB) { return distanceWrap(angleA, angleB, 2*PI); }
-
-/** Linearly interpolates between the angles passed in with wrapping
- *  @param {number} angleA
- *  @param {number} angleB
- *  @param {number} percent
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function lerpAngle(angleA, angleB, percent) { return lerpWrap(angleA, angleB, percent, 2*PI); }
-
-/** Applies smoothstep function to the percentage value
- *  @param {number} percent
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function smoothStep(percent) { return percent * percent * (3 - 2 * percent); }
-
-/** Checks if the value passed in is a power of two
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {boolean}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function isPowerOfTwo(value) { return !(value & (value - 1)); }
-
-/** Returns the nearest power of two not less than the value
- *  @param {number} value
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function nearestPowerOfTwo(value) { return 2**ceil(log2(value)); }
-
-/** Returns true if two axis aligned bounding boxes are overlapping
- *  this can be used for simple collision detection between objects
- *  @param {Vector2} posA          - Center of box A
- *  @param {Vector2} sizeA         - Size of box A
- *  @param {Vector2} posB          - Center of box B
- *  @param {Vector2} [sizeB=(0,0)] - Size of box B, uses a point if undefined
- *  @return {boolean}              - True if overlapping
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function isOverlapping(posA, sizeA, posB, sizeB=vec2())
-{
-    const dx = (posA.x - posB.x)*2;
-    const dy = (posA.y - posB.y)*2;
-    const sx = sizeA.x + sizeB.x;
-    const sy = sizeA.y + sizeB.y;
-    return dx >= -sx && dx < sx && dy >= -sy && dy < sy;
-}
-
-/** Returns true if a line segment is intersecting an axis aligned box
- *  @param {Vector2} start - Start of raycast
- *  @param {Vector2} end   - End of raycast
- *  @param {Vector2} pos   - Center of box
- *  @param {Vector2} size  - Size of box
- *  @return {boolean}      - True if intersecting
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function isIntersecting(start, end, pos, size)
-{
-    // Liang-Barsky algorithm
-    const boxMin = pos.subtract(size.scale(.5));
-    const boxMax = boxMin.add(size);
-    const delta = end.subtract(start);
-    const a = start.subtract(boxMin);
-    const b = start.subtract(boxMax);
-    const p = [-delta.x, delta.x, -delta.y, delta.y];
-    const q = [a.x, -b.x, a.y, -b.y];
-    let tMin = 0, tMax = 1;
-    for (let i = 4; i--;)
-    {
-        if (p[i])
-        {
-            const t = q[i] / p[i];
-            if (p[i] < 0)
-            {
-                if (t > tMax) return false;
-                tMin = max(t, tMin);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (t < tMin) return false;
-                tMax = min(t, tMax);
-            }
-        }
-        else if (q[i] < 0)
-            return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-/** Returns an oscillating wave between 0 and amplitude with frequency of 1 Hz by default
- *  @param {number} [frequency] - Frequency of the wave in Hz
- *  @param {number} [amplitude] - Amplitude (max height) of the wave
- *  @param {number} [t=time]    - Value to use for time of the wave
- *  @param {number} [offset]    - Value to use for time offset of the wave
- *  @return {number}            - Value waving between 0 and amplitude
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-function wave(frequency=1, amplitude=1, t=time, offset=0)
-{ return amplitude/2 * (1 - cos(offset + t*frequency*2*PI)); }
-
 /** Formats seconds to mm:ss style for display purposes
  *  @param {number} t - time in seconds
  *  @return {string}
@@ -283,943 +33,48 @@ async function fetchJSON(url)
     return response.json();
 }
 
-/**
- * Check if object is a valid number, not NaN or undefined, but it may be infinite
- * @param {any} n
- * @return {boolean}
- * @memberof Utilities */
-function isNumber(n) { return typeof n === 'number' && !isNaN(n); }
-
-/**
- * Check if object is a valid string or can be converted to one
- * @param {any} s
- * @return {boolean}
- * @memberof Utilities */
-function isString(s) { return s !== undefined && s !== null && typeof s.toString() === 'string'; }
-
-/**
- * Check if object is an array
- * @param {any} a
- * @return {boolean}
- * @memberof Utilities */
-function isArray(a) { return Array.isArray(a); }
-
-/**
- * @callback LineTestFunction - Checks if a position is colliding
- * @param {Vector2} pos
- * @memberof Draw
- */
-
-/**
- * Casts a ray and returns position of the first collision found, or undefined if none are found
- * @param {Vector2} posStart
- * @param {Vector2} posEnd
- * @param {LineTestFunction} testFunction - Check if colliding
- * @param {Vector2} [normal] - Optional vector to store the normal
- * @return {Vector2|undefined} - Position of the collision or undefined if none found
- * @memberof Utilities */
-function lineTest(posStart, posEnd, testFunction, normal)
-{
-    ASSERT(isVector2(posStart), 'posStart must be a vec2');
-    ASSERT(isVector2(posEnd), 'posEnd must be a vec2');
-    ASSERT(typeof testFunction === 'function', 'testFunction must be a function');
-    ASSERT(!normal || isVector2(normal), 'normal must be a vec2');
-
-    // get ray direction and length
-    const dx = posEnd.x - posStart.x;
-    const dy = posEnd.y - posStart.y;
-    const totalLength = hypot(dx, dy);
-    if (!totalLength)
-        return;
-
-    // current integer cell we are in
-    const pos = posStart.floor();
-
-    // normalize ray direction
-    const dirX = dx / totalLength;
-    const dirY = dy / totalLength;
-
-    // step direction in grid
-    const stepX = sign(dirX);
-    const stepY = sign(dirY);
-
-    // distance along the ray to cross one full cell in X or Y
-    const tDeltaX = dirX ? abs(1 / dirX) : Infinity;
-    const tDeltaY = dirY ? abs(1 / dirY) : Infinity;
-
-    // distance along the ray from start to the first grid boundary
-    const nextGridX = stepX > 0 ? pos.x + 1 : pos.x;
-    const nextGridY = stepY > 0 ? pos.y + 1 : pos.y;
-    const tMaxX = dirX ? (nextGridX - posStart.x) / dirX : Infinity;
-    const tMaxY = dirY ? (nextGridY - posStart.y) / dirY : Infinity;
-
-    // use line drawing algorithm to test for collisions
-    let t = 0, tX = tMaxX, tY = tMaxY, wasX = tDeltaX < tDeltaY;
-    while (t < totalLength)
-    {
-        if (testFunction(pos))
-        {
-            // set hit point
-            const hitPos = vec2(posStart.x + dirX*t, posStart.y + dirY*t);
-
-            // move inside of tile if on positive edge
-            const e = 1e-9;
-            if (wasX)
-            {
-                if (stepX < 0)
-                    hitPos.x -= e;
-            }
-            if (stepY < 0)
-                hitPos.y -= e;
-
-            // set normal
-            if (normal)
-                wasX ? normal.set(-stepX,0) : normal.set(0,-stepY);
-            return hitPos;
-        }
-
-        // advance to the next grid boundary
-        if (wasX = tX < tY)
-        {
-            pos.x += stepX;
-            t = tX;
-            tX += tDeltaX;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            pos.y += stepY;
-            t = tY;
-            tY += tDeltaY;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-/** Random global functions
- *  @namespace Random */
-
-/** Returns a random value between the two values passed in
- *  @param {number} [valueA]
- *  @param {number} [valueB]
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Random */
-function rand(valueA=1, valueB=0) { return valueB + Math.random() * (valueA-valueB); }
-
-/** Returns a floored random value between the two values passed in
- *  The upper bound is exclusive. (If 2 is passed in, result will be 0 or 1)
- *  @param {number} valueA
- *  @param {number} [valueB]
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Random */
-function randInt(valueA, valueB=0) { return floor(rand(valueA,valueB)); }
-
-/** Randomly returns true or false given the chance of true passed in
- *  @param {number} [chance]
- *  @return {boolean}
- *  @memberof Random */
-function randBool(chance=.5) { return rand() < chance; }
-
-/** Randomly returns either -1 or 1
- *  @return {number}
- *  @memberof Random */
-function randSign() { return randInt(2) * 2 - 1; }
-
-/** Returns a random Vector2 with the passed in length
- *  @param {number} [length]
- *  @return {Vector2}
- *  @memberof Random */
-function randVec2(length=1) { return new Vector2().setAngle(rand(2*PI), length); }
-
-/** Returns a random Vector2 within a circular shape
- *  @param {number} [radius]
- *  @param {number} [minRadius]
- *  @return {Vector2}
- *  @memberof Random */
-function randInCircle(radius=1, minRadius=0)
-{ return radius > 0 ? randVec2(radius * rand(minRadius / radius, 1)**.5) : new Vector2; }
-
-/** Returns a random color between the two passed in colors, combine components if linear
- *  @param {Color}   [colorA=(1,1,1,1)]
- *  @param {Color}   [colorB=(0,0,0,1)]
- *  @param {boolean} [linear]
- *  @return {Color}
- *  @memberof Random */
-function randColor(colorA=new Color, colorB=new Color(0,0,0,1), linear=false)
-{
-    return linear ? colorA.lerp(colorB, rand()) :
-        new Color(rand(colorA.r,colorB.r), rand(colorA.g,colorB.g), rand(colorA.b,colorB.b), rand(colorA.a,colorB.a));
-}
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-/**
- * Seeded random number generator
- * - Can be used to create a deterministic random number sequence
- * @memberof Engine
- * @example
- * let r = new RandomGenerator(123); // random number generator with seed 123
- * let a = r.float();                // random value between 0 and 1
- * let b = r.int(10);                // random integer between 0 and 9
- * r.seed = 123;                     // reset the seed
- * let c = r.float();                // the same value as a
- */
-class RandomGenerator
-{
-    /** Create a random number generator with the seed passed in
-     *  @param {number} [seed] - Starting seed or engine default seed */
-    constructor(seed = 123456789)
-    {
-        /** @property {number} - random seed */
-        this.seed = seed;
-    }
-
-    /** Returns a seeded random value between the two values passed in
-    *  @param {number} [valueA]
-    *  @param {number} [valueB]
-    *  @return {number} */
-    float(valueA=1, valueB=0)
-    {
-        // xorshift algorithm
-        this.seed ^= this.seed << 13;
-        this.seed ^= this.seed >>> 17;
-        this.seed ^= this.seed << 5;
-        return valueB + (valueA - valueB) * ((this.seed >>> 0) / 2**32);
-    }
-
-    /** Returns a floored seeded random value the two values passed in
-    *  @param {number} valueA
-    *  @param {number} [valueB]
-    *  @return {number} */
-    int(valueA, valueB=0) { return floor(this.float(valueA, valueB)); }
-
-    /** Randomly returns true or false given the chance of true passed in
-    *  @param {number} [chance]
-    *  @return {boolean} */
-    bool(chance=.5) { return this.float() < chance; }
-
-    /** Randomly returns either -1 or 1 deterministically
-    *  @return {number} */
-    sign() { return this.float() > .5 ? 1 : -1; }
-
-    /** Returns a seeded random value between the two values passed in with a random sign
-    *  @param {number} [valueA]
-    *  @param {number} [valueB]
-    *  @return {number} */
-    floatSign(valueA=1, valueB=0) { return this.float(valueA, valueB) * this.sign(); }
-
-    /** Returns a random angle between -PI and PI
-    *  @return {number} */
-    angle() { return this.float(-PI, PI); }
-
-    /** Returns a seeded vec2 with size between the two values passed in
-    *  @param {number} valueA
-    *  @param {number} [valueB]
-    *  @return {Vector2} */
-    vec2(valueA=1, valueB=0)
-    { return vec2(this.float(valueA, valueB), this.float(valueA, valueB)); }
-
-    /** Returns a random color between the two passed in colors, combine components if linear
-    *  @param {Color}   [colorA=(1,1,1,1)]
-    *  @param {Color}   [colorB=(0,0,0,1)]
-    *  @param {boolean} [linear]
-    *  @return {Color} */
-    randColor(colorA=new Color, colorB=new Color(0,0,0,1), linear=false)
-    {
-        return linear ? colorA.lerp(colorB, this.float()) :
-            new Color(
-                this.float(colorA.r,colorB.r), 
-                this.float(colorA.g,colorB.g), 
-                this.float(colorA.b,colorB.b), 
-                this.float(colorA.a,colorB.a));
-    }
-
-    /** Returns a new color that has each component randomly adjusted
-     * @param {Color} color
-     * @param {number} [amount]
-     * @param {number} [alphaAmount]
-     * @return {Color} */
-    mutateColor(color, amount=.05, alphaAmount=0)
-    {
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(amount);
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(alphaAmount);
-        return new Color
-        (
-            color.r + this.float(amount, -amount),
-            color.g + this.float(amount, -amount),
-            color.b + this.float(amount, -amount),
-            color.a + this.float(alphaAmount, -alphaAmount)
-        ).clamp();
-    }
-}
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-/**
- * Create a 2d vector, can take 1 or 2 scalar values
- * @param {number} [x]
- * @param {number} [y] - if y is undefined, x is used for both
- * @return {Vector2}
- * @example
- * let a = vec2(0, 1); // vector with coordinates (0, 1)
- * a = vec2(5);        // set a to (5, 5)
- * b = vec2();         // set b to (0, 0)
- * @memberof Utilities */
-function vec2(x=0, y) { return new Vector2(x, y === undefined ? x : y); }
-
-/**
- * Check if object is a valid Vector2
- * @param {any} v
- * @return {boolean}
- * @memberof Utilities */
-function isVector2(v) { return v instanceof Vector2 && v.isValid(); }
-
-// vector2 asserts
-function ASSERT_VECTOR2_VALID(v) { ASSERT(isVector2(v), 'Vector2 is invalid.', v); }
-function ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(n) { ASSERT(isNumber(n), 'Number is invalid.', n); }
-function ASSERT_VECTOR2_NORMAL(v)
-{
-    ASSERT_VECTOR2_VALID(v);
-    ASSERT(abs(v.lengthSquared()-1) < .01, 'Vector2 is not normal.', v);
-}
-
-/**
- * 2D Vector object with vector math library
- * - Functions do not change this so they can be chained together
- * @memberof Engine
- * @example
- * let a = new Vector2(2, 3); // vector with coordinates (2, 3)
- * let b = new Vector2;       // vector with coordinates (0, 0)
- * let c = vec2(4, 2);        // use the vec2 function to make a Vector2
- * let d = a.add(b).scale(5); // operators can be chained
- */
-class Vector2
-{
-    /** Create a 2D vector with the x and y passed in, can also be created with vec2()
-     *  @param {number} [x] - X axis location
-     *  @param {number} [y] - Y axis location */
-    constructor(x=0, y=0)
-    {
-        /** @property {number} - X axis location */
-        this.x = x;
-        /** @property {number} - Y axis location */
-        this.y = y;
-        ASSERT(this.isValid(), 'Constructed Vector2 is invalid.', this);
-    }
-
-    /** Sets values of this vector and returns self
-     *  @param {number} [x] - X axis location
-     *  @param {number} [y] - Y axis location
-     *  @return {Vector2} */
-    set(x=0, y=0)
-    {
-        this.x = x;
-        this.y = y;
-        ASSERT_VECTOR2_VALID(this);
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /** Sets this vector from another vector and returns self
-     *  @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     *  @return {Vector2} */
-    setFrom(v) { return this.set(v.x, v.y); }
-
-    /** Returns a new vector that is a copy of this
-     *  @return {Vector2} */
-    copy() { return new Vector2(this.x, this.y); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this vector plus the vector passed in
-     *  @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     *  @return {Vector2} */
-    add(v) { return new Vector2(this.x + v.x, this.y + v.y);}
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this vector minus the vector passed in
-     *  @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     *  @return {Vector2} */
-    subtract(v) { return new Vector2(this.x - v.x, this.y - v.y); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this vector times the vector passed in
-     *  @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     *  @return {Vector2} */
-    multiply(v) { return new Vector2(this.x * v.x, this.y * v.y); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this vector divided by the vector passed in
-     *  @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     *  @return {Vector2} */
-    divide(v) { return new Vector2(this.x / v.x, this.y / v.y); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this vector scaled by the vector passed in
-     *  @param {number} s - scale
-     *  @return {Vector2} */
-    scale(s) { return new Vector2(this.x * s, this.y * s); }
-
-    /** Returns the length of this vector
-     * @return {number} */
-    length() { return this.lengthSquared()**.5; }
-
-    /** Returns the length of this vector squared
-     * @return {number} */
-    lengthSquared() { return this.x**2 + this.y**2; }
-
-    /** Returns the distance from this vector to vector passed in
-     * @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     * @return {number} */
-    distance(v) { return this.distanceSquared(v)**.5; }
-
-    /** Returns the distance squared from this vector to vector passed in
-     * @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     * @return {number} */
-    distanceSquared(v) { return (this.x - v.x)**2 + (this.y - v.y)**2; }
-
-    /** Returns a new vector in same direction as this one with the length passed in
-     * @param {number} [length]
-     * @return {Vector2} */
-    normalize(length=1)
-    {
-        const l = this.length();
-        return l ? this.scale(length/l) : new Vector2(0, length);
-    }
-
-    /** Returns a new vector clamped to length passed in
-     * @param {number} [length]
-     * @return {Vector2} */
-    clampLength(length=1)
-    {
-        const l = this.length();
-        return l > length ? this.scale(length/l) : this.copy();
-    }
-
-    /** Returns the dot product of this and the vector passed in
-     * @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     * @return {number} */
-    dot(v) { return this.x*v.x + this.y*v.y; }
-
-    /** Returns the cross product of this and the vector passed in
-     * @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     * @return {number} */
-    cross(v) { return this.x*v.y - this.y*v.x; }
-
-    /** Returns a copy this vector reflected by the surface normal
-     * @param {Vector2} normal - surface normal (should be normalized)
-     * @param {number} restitution - how much to bounce, 1 is perfect bounce, 0 is no bounce
-     * @return {Vector2} */
-    reflect(normal, restitution=1)
-    { return this.subtract(normal.scale((1+restitution)*this.dot(normal))); }
-
-    /** Returns the clockwise angle of this vector, up is angle 0
-     * @return {number} */
-    angle() { return atan2(this.x, this.y); }
-
-    /** Sets this vector with clockwise angle and length passed in
-     * @param {number} [angle]
-     * @param {number} [length]
-     * @return {Vector2} */
-    setAngle(angle=0, length=1)
-    {
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(angle);
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(length);
-        this.x = length*sin(angle);
-        this.y = length*cos(angle);
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /** Returns copy of this vector rotated by the clockwise angle passed in
-     * @param {number} angle
-     * @return {Vector2} */
-    rotate(angle)
-    {
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(angle);
-        const c = cos(-angle), s = sin(-angle);
-        return new Vector2(this.x*c - this.y*s, this.x*s + this.y*c);
-    }
-
-    /** Sets this this vector to point in the specified integer direction (0-3), corresponding to multiples of 90 degree rotation
-     * @param {number} [direction]
-     * @param {number} [length]
-     * @return {Vector2} */
-    setDirection(direction, length=1)
-    {
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(direction);
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(length);
-        direction = mod(direction, 4);
-        ASSERT(direction===0 || direction===1 || direction===2 || direction===3,
-            'Vector2.setDirection() direction must be an integer between 0 and 3.');
-        
-        this.x = direction%2 ? direction-1 ? -length : length : 0;
-        this.y = direction%2 ? 0 : direction ? -length : length;
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /** Returns the integer direction of this vector, corresponding to multiples of 90 degree rotation (0-3)
-     * @return {number} */
-    direction()
-    { return abs(this.x) > abs(this.y) ? this.x < 0 ? 3 : 1 : this.y < 0 ? 2 : 0; }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this vector with absolute values
-     * @return {Vector2} */
-    abs() { return new Vector2(abs(this.x), abs(this.y)); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this vector with each axis floored
-     * @return {Vector2} */
-    floor() { return new Vector2(floor(this.x), floor(this.y)); }
-
-    /** Returns new vec2 with modded values
-    *  @param {number} [divisor]
-    *  @return {Vector2} */
-    mod(divisor=1)
-    { return new Vector2(mod(this.x, divisor), mod(this.y, divisor)); }
-
-    /** Returns the area this vector covers as a rectangle
-     * @return {number} */
-    area() { return abs(this.x * this.y); }
-
-    /** Returns true if this vector is (0,0)
-     * @return {boolean} */
-    isZero() { return !this.x && !this.y; }
-
-    /** Returns a new vector that is p percent between this and the vector passed in
-     * @param {Vector2} v - other vector
-     * @param {number}  percent
-     * @return {Vector2} */
-    lerp(v, percent)
-    {
-        ASSERT_VECTOR2_VALID(v);
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(percent);
-        const p = clamp(percent);
-        return new Vector2(v.x*p + this.x*(1-p), v.y*p + this.y*(1-p));
-    }
-
-    /** Returns true if this vector is within the bounds of an array size passed in
-     * @param {Vector2} arraySize
-     * @return {boolean} */
-    arrayCheck(arraySize)
-    { return this.x >= 0 && this.y >= 0 && this.x < arraySize.x && this.y < arraySize.y; }
-
-    /** Returns this vector expressed as a string
-     * @param {number} digits - precision to display
-     * @return {string} */
-    toString(digits=3)
-    {
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(digits);
-        if (this.isValid())
-            return `(${(this.x<0?'':' ') + this.x.toFixed(digits)},${(this.y<0?'':' ') + this.y.toFixed(digits)} )`;
-        else
-            return `(${this.x}, ${this.y})`;
-    }
-
-    /** Checks if this is a valid vector
-     * @return {boolean} */
-    isValid() { return isNumber(this.x) && isNumber(this.y); }
-}
-
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-/**
- * Create a color object with RGBA values, white by default
- * @param {number} [r=1] - red
- * @param {number} [g=1] - green
- * @param {number} [b=1] - blue
- * @param {number} [a=1] - alpha
- * @return {Color}
- * @memberof Utilities
- */
-function rgb(r, g, b, a) { return new Color(r, g, b, a); }
-
-/**
- * Create a color object with HSLA values, white by default
- * @param {number} [h=0] - hue
- * @param {number} [s=0] - saturation
- * @param {number} [l=1] - lightness
- * @param {number} [a=1] - alpha
- * @return {Color}
- * @memberof Utilities */
-function hsl(h, s, l, a) { return new Color().setHSLA(h, s, l, a); }
-
-/**
- * Check if object is a valid Color
- * @param {any} c
- * @return {boolean}
- * @memberof Utilities */
-function isColor(c) { return c instanceof Color && c.isValid(); }
-
-// color asserts
-function ASSERT_COLOR_VALID(c) { ASSERT(isColor(c), 'Color is invalid.', c); }
+/** Save a text file to disk
+ *  @param {string} text
+ *  @param {string} [filename]
+ *  @param {string} [type]
+ *  @memberof Utilities */
+function saveText(text, filename='text', type='text/plain')
+{ saveDataURL(URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([text], {'type':type})), filename); }
 
-/**
- * Color object (red, green, blue, alpha) with some helpful functions
- * @memberof Engine
- * @example
- * let a = new Color;              // white
- * let b = new Color(1, 0, 0);     // red
- * let c = new Color(0, 0, 0, 0);  // transparent black
- * let d = rgb(0, 0, 1);         // blue using rgb color
- * let e = hsl(.3, 1, .5);         // green using hsl color
- */
-class Color
+/** Save a canvas to disk
+ *  @param {HTMLCanvasElement|OffscreenCanvas} canvas
+ *  @param {string} [filename]
+ *  @param {string} [type]
+ *  @memberof Utilities */
+function saveCanvas(canvas, filename='screenshot', type='image/png')
 {
-    /** Create a color with the rgba components passed in, white by default
-     *  @param {number} [r] - red
-     *  @param {number} [g] - green
-     *  @param {number} [b] - blue
-     *  @param {number} [a] - alpha*/
-    constructor(r=1, g=1, b=1, a=1)
-    {
-        /** @property {number} - Red */
-        this.r = r;
-        /** @property {number} - Green */
-        this.g = g;
-        /** @property {number} - Blue */
-        this.b = b;
-        /** @property {number} - Alpha */
-        this.a = a;
-        ASSERT(this.isValid(), 'Constructed Color is invalid.', this);
-    }
-
-    /** Sets values of this color and returns self
-     *  @param {number} [r] - red
-     *  @param {number} [g] - green
-     *  @param {number} [b] - blue
-     *  @param {number} [a] - alpha
-     *  @return {Color} */
-    set(r=1, g=1, b=1, a=1)
-    {
-        this.r = r;
-        this.g = g;
-        this.b = b;
-        this.a = a;
-        ASSERT_COLOR_VALID(this);
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /** Sets this color from another color and returns self
-     * @param {Color} c - other color
-     * @return {Color} */
-    setFrom(c) { return this.set(c.r, c.g, c.b, c.a); }
-
-    /** Returns a new color that is a copy of this
-     * @return {Color} */
-    copy() { return new Color(this.r, this.g, this.b, this.a); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this color plus the color passed in
-     * @param {Color} c - other color
-     * @return {Color} */
-    add(c) { return new Color(this.r+c.r, this.g+c.g, this.b+c.b, this.a+c.a); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this color minus the color passed in
-     * @param {Color} c - other color
-     * @return {Color} */
-    subtract(c) { return new Color(this.r-c.r, this.g-c.g, this.b-c.b, this.a-c.a); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this color times the color passed in
-     * @param {Color} c - other color
-     * @return {Color} */
-    multiply(c) { return new Color(this.r*c.r, this.g*c.g, this.b*c.b, this.a*c.a); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this color divided by the color passed in
-     * @param {Color} c - other color
-     * @return {Color} */
-    divide(c) { return new Color(this.r/c.r, this.g/c.g, this.b/c.b, this.a/c.a); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this color scaled by the value passed in, alpha can be scaled separately
-     * @param {number} scale
-     * @param {number} [alphaScale=scale]
-     * @return {Color} */
-    scale(scale, alphaScale=scale)
-    { return new Color(this.r*scale, this.g*scale, this.b*scale, this.a*alphaScale); }
-
-    /** Returns a copy of this color clamped to the valid range between 0 and 1
-     * @return {Color} */
-    clamp() { return new Color(clamp(this.r), clamp(this.g), clamp(this.b), clamp(this.a)); }
-
-    /** Returns a new color that is p percent between this and the color passed in
-     * @param {Color}  c - other color
-     * @param {number} percent
-     * @return {Color} */
-    lerp(c, percent)
-    {
-        ASSERT_COLOR_VALID(c);
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(percent);
-        const p = clamp(percent);
-        return new Color(
-            c.r*p + this.r*(1-p),
-            c.g*p + this.g*(1-p),
-            c.b*p + this.b*(1-p),
-            c.a*p + this.a*(1-p));
-    }
-
-    /** Sets this color given a hue, saturation, lightness, and alpha
-     * @param {number} [h] - hue
-     * @param {number} [s] - saturation
-     * @param {number} [l] - lightness
-     * @param {number} [a] - alpha
-     * @return {Color} */
-    setHSLA(h=0, s=0, l=1, a=1)
-    {
-        h = mod(h,1);
-        s = clamp(s);
-        l = clamp(l);
-        const q = l < .5 ? l*(1+s) : l+s-l*s, p = 2*l-q,
-            f = (p, q, t)=>
-                (t = mod(t,1))*6 < 1 ? p+(q-p)*6*t :
-                t*2 < 1 ? q :
-                t*3 < 2 ? p+(q-p)*(4-t*6) : p;
-        this.r = f(p, q, h + 1/3);
-        this.g = f(p, q, h);
-        this.b = f(p, q, h - 1/3);
-        this.a = a;
-        ASSERT_COLOR_VALID(this);
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /** Returns this color expressed in hsla format
-     * @return {Array<number>} */
-    HSLA()
-    {
-        const r = clamp(this.r);
-        const g = clamp(this.g);
-        const b = clamp(this.b);
-        const a = clamp(this.a);
-        const maxC = max(r, g, b);
-        const minC = min(r, g, b);
-        const l = (maxC + minC) / 2;
-        let h = 0, s = 0;
-        if (maxC !== minC)
-        {
-            let d = maxC - minC;
-            s = l > .5 ? d / (2 - maxC - minC) : d / (maxC + minC);
-            if (r === maxC)
-                h = (g - b) / d + (g < b ? 6 : 0);
-            else if (g === maxC)
-                h = (b - r) / d + 2;
-            else if (b === maxC)
-                h =  (r - g) / d + 4;
-        }
-        return [h / 6, s, l, a];
-    }
-
-    /** Returns a new color that has each component randomly adjusted
-     * @param {number} [amount]
-     * @param {number} [alphaAmount]
-     * @return {Color} */
-    mutate(amount=.05, alphaAmount=0)
-    {
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(amount);
-        ASSERT_NUMBER_VALID(alphaAmount);
-        return new Color
-        (
-            this.r + rand(amount, -amount),
-            this.g + rand(amount, -amount),
-            this.b + rand(amount, -amount),
-            this.a + rand(alphaAmount, -alphaAmount)
-        ).clamp();
-    }
-
-    /** Returns this color expressed as a hex color code
-     * @param {boolean} [useAlpha] - if alpha should be included in result
-     * @return {string} */
-    toString(useAlpha = true)
-    {
-        if (debug && !this.isValid())
-            return `#000`;
-        const toHex = (c)=> ((c=clamp(c)*255|0)<16 ? '0' : '') + c.toString(16);
-        return '#' + toHex(this.r) + toHex(this.g) + toHex(this.b) + (useAlpha ? toHex(this.a) : '');
-    }
-
-    /** Set this color from a hex code
-     * @param {string} hex - html hex code
-     * @return {Color} */
-    setHex(hex)
-    {
-        ASSERT(isString(hex), 'Color hex code must be a string');
-        ASSERT(hex[0] === '#', 'Color hex code must start with #');
-        ASSERT([4,5,7,9].includes(hex.length), 'Invalid hex');
-
-        if (hex.length < 6)
-        {
-            const fromHex = (c)=> clamp(parseInt(hex[c],16)/15);
-            this.r = fromHex(1);
-            this.g = fromHex(2);
-            this.b = fromHex(3);
-            this.a = hex.length === 5 ? fromHex(4) : 1;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            const fromHex = (c)=> clamp(parseInt(hex.slice(c,c+2),16)/255);
-            this.r = fromHex(1);
-            this.g = fromHex(3);
-            this.b = fromHex(5);
-            this.a = hex.length === 9 ? fromHex(7) : 1;
-        }
-
-        ASSERT_COLOR_VALID(this);
-        return this;
-    }
-
-    /** Returns this color expressed as 32 bit RGBA value
-     * @return {number} */
-    rgbaInt()
+    if (canvas instanceof OffscreenCanvas)
     {
-        const r = clamp(this.r)*255|0;
-        const g = clamp(this.g)*255<<8;
-        const b = clamp(this.b)*255<<16;
-        const a = clamp(this.a)*255<<24;
-        return r + g + b + a;
+        // copy to temporary canvas and save
+        const saveCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
+        saveCanvas.width = canvas.width;
+        saveCanvas.height = canvas.height;
+        saveCanvas.getContext('2d').drawImage(canvas, 0, 0);
+        saveDataURL(saveCanvas.toDataURL(type), filename);
     }
-
-    /** Checks if this is a valid color
-     * @return {boolean} */
-    isValid()
-    { return isNumber(this.r) && isNumber(this.g) && isNumber(this.b) && isNumber(this.a); }
+    else
+        saveDataURL(canvas.toDataURL(type), filename);
 }
 
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// Default Colors
-
-/** Color - White #ffffff
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const WHITE = debugProtectConstant(rgb());
-
-/** Color - Clear White #757474ff with 0 alpha
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const CLEAR_WHITE = debugProtectConstant(rgb(1,1,1,0));
-
-/** Color - Black #000000
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const BLACK = debugProtectConstant(rgb(0,0,0));
-
-/** Color - Clear Black #000000 with 0 alpha
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const CLEAR_BLACK = debugProtectConstant(rgb(0,0,0,0));
-
-/** Color - Gray #808080
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const GRAY = debugProtectConstant(rgb(.5,.5,.5));
-
-/** Color - Red #ff0000
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const RED = debugProtectConstant(rgb(1,0,0));
-
-/** Color - Orange #ff8000
- *  @type {Color}
+/** Save a data url to disk
+ *  @param {string} url
+ *  @param {string} [filename]
+ *  @param {number} [revokeTime] - how long before revoking the url
  *  @memberof Utilities */
-const ORANGE = debugProtectConstant(rgb(1,.5,0));
-
-/** Color - Yellow #ffff00
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const YELLOW = debugProtectConstant(rgb(1,1,0));
-
-/** Color - Green #00ff00
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const GREEN = debugProtectConstant(rgb(0,1,0));
-
-/** Color - Cyan #00ffff
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const CYAN = debugProtectConstant(rgb(0,1,1));
-
-/** Color - Blue #0000ff
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const BLUE = debugProtectConstant(rgb(0,0,1));
-
-/** Color - Purple #8000ff
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const PURPLE = debugProtectConstant(rgb(.5,0,1));
-
-/** Color - Magenta #ff00ff
- *  @type {Color}
- *  @memberof Utilities */
-const MAGENTA = debugProtectConstant(rgb(1,0,1));
-
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-/**
- * Timer object tracks how long has passed since it was set
- * @memberof Engine
- * @example
- * let a = new Timer;    // creates a timer that is not set
- * a.set(3);             // sets the timer to 3 seconds
- *
- * let b = new Timer(1); // creates a timer with 1 second left
- * b.unset();            // unset the timer
- */
-class Timer
+function saveDataURL(url, filename='download', revokeTime)
 {
-    /** Create a timer object set time passed in
-     *  @param {number} [timeLeft] - How much time left before the timer 
-     *  @param {boolean} [useRealTime] - Should the timer keep running even when the game is paused? (useful for UI) */
-    constructor(timeLeft, useRealTime=false)
-    {
-        ASSERT(timeLeft === undefined || isNumber(timeLeft), 'Constructed Timer is invalid.', timeLeft);
-        this.useRealTime = useRealTime;
-        const globalTime = this.getGlobalTime();
-        this.time = timeLeft === undefined ? undefined : globalTime + timeLeft;
-        this.setTime = timeLeft;
-    }
-
-    /** Set the timer with seconds passed in
-     *  @param {number} [timeLeft] - How much time left before the timer is elapsed in seconds */
-    set(timeLeft=0)
-    {
-        ASSERT(isNumber(timeLeft), 'Timer is invalid.', timeLeft);
-        const globalTime = this.getGlobalTime();
-        this.time = globalTime + timeLeft;
-        this.setTime = timeLeft;
-    }
-
-    /** Set if the timer should keep running even when the game is paused
-     *  @param {boolean} [useRealTime] */
-    setUseRealTime(useRealTime=true)
-    {
-        ASSERT(!this.isSet(), 'Cannot change global time setting while timer is set.');
-        this.useRealTime = useRealTime;
-    }
-
-    /** Unset the timer */
-    unset() { this.time = undefined; }
-
-    /** Returns true if set
-     * @return {boolean} */
-    isSet() { return this.time !== undefined; }
-
-    /** Returns true if set and has not elapsed
-     * @return {boolean} */
-    active() { return this.getGlobalTime() < this.time; }
-
-    /** Returns true if set and elapsed
-     * @return {boolean} */
-    elapsed() { return this.getGlobalTime() >= this.time; }
-
-    /** Get how long since elapsed, returns 0 if not set (returns negative if currently active)
-     * @return {number} */
-    get() { return this.isSet()? this.getGlobalTime() - this.time : 0; }
-
-    /** Get percentage elapsed based on time it was set to, returns 0 if not set
-     * @return {number} */
-    getPercent() { return this.isSet()? 1-percent(this.time - this.getGlobalTime(), 0, this.setTime) : 0; }
-
-    /** Get the time this timer was set to, returns 0 if not set
-     * @return {number} */
-    getSetTime() { return this.isSet() ? this.setTime : 0; }
-
-    /** Get the current global time this timer is based on
-     * @return {number} */
-    getGlobalTime() { return this.useRealTime ? timeReal : time; }
-
-    /** Returns this timer expressed as a string
-     * @return {string} */
-    toString() { return this.isSet() ? abs(this.get()) + ' seconds ' + (this.get()<0 ? 'before' : 'after' ) : 'unset'; }
-
-    /** Get how long since elapsed, returns 0 if not set (returns negative if currently active)
-     * @return {number} */
-    valueOf() { return this.get(); }
+    // create link for saving screenshots
+    const link = document.createElement('a');
+    link.download = filename;
+    link.href = url;
+    link.click();
+    if (revokeTime !== undefined)
+        setTimeout(()=> URL.revokeObjectURL(url), revokeTime);
 }