jfrog-cli-v2-jf 2.6.0

package/node-v8.11.1-linux-x64/lib/node_modules/npm/doc/misc/semver.md

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+semver(7) -- The semantic versioner for npm
+===========================================
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+npm install --save semver
+````
+
+## Usage
+
+As a node module:
+
+```js
+const semver = require('semver')
+
+semver.valid('1.2.3') // '1.2.3'
+semver.valid('a.b.c') // null
+semver.clean('  =v1.2.3   ') // '1.2.3'
+semver.satisfies('1.2.3', '1.x || >=2.5.0 || 5.0.0 - 7.2.3') // true
+semver.gt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // false
+semver.lt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // true
+```
+
+As a command-line utility:
+
+```
+$ semver -h
+
+SemVer 5.3.0
+
+A JavaScript implementation of the http://semver.org/ specification
+Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter
+
+Usage: semver [options] <version> [<version> [...]]
+Prints valid versions sorted by SemVer precedence
+
+Options:
+-r --range <range>
+        Print versions that match the specified range.
+
+-i --increment [<level>]
+        Increment a version by the specified level.  Level can
+        be one of: major, minor, patch, premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch, or prerelease.  Default level is 'patch'.
+        Only one version may be specified.
+
+--preid <identifier>
+        Identifier to be used to prefix premajor, preminor,
+        prepatch or prerelease version increments.
+
+-l --loose
+        Interpret versions and ranges loosely
+
+Program exits successfully if any valid version satisfies
+all supplied ranges, and prints all satisfying versions.
+
+If no satisfying versions are found, then exits failure.
+
+Versions are printed in ascending order, so supplying
+multiple versions to the utility will just sort them.
+```
+
+## Versions
+
+A "version" is described by the `v2.0.0` specification found at
+<http://semver.org/>.
+
+A leading `"="` or `"v"` character is stripped off and ignored.
+
+## Ranges
+
+A `version range` is a set of `comparators` which specify versions
+that satisfy the range.
+
+A `comparator` is composed of an `operator` and a `version`.  The set
+of primitive `operators` is:
+
+* `<` Less than
+* `<=` Less than or equal to
+* `>` Greater than
+* `>=` Greater than or equal to
+* `=` Equal.  If no operator is specified, then equality is assumed,
+  so this operator is optional, but MAY be included.
+
+For example, the comparator `>=1.2.7` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, `2.5.3`, and `1.3.9`, but not the versions `1.2.6`
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+Comparators can be joined by whitespace to form a `comparator set`,
+which is satisfied by the **intersection** of all of the comparators
+it includes.
+
+A range is composed of one or more comparator sets, joined by `||`.  A
+version matches a range if and only if every comparator in at least
+one of the `||`-separated comparator sets is satisfied by the version.
+
+For example, the range `>=1.2.7 <1.3.0` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, and `1.2.99`, but not the versions `1.2.6`, `1.3.0`,
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+The range `1.2.7 || >=1.2.9 <2.0.0` would match the versions `1.2.7`,
+`1.2.9`, and `1.4.6`, but not the versions `1.2.8` or `2.0.0`.
+
+### Prerelease Tags
+
+If a version has a prerelease tag (for example, `1.2.3-alpha.3`) then
+it will only be allowed to satisfy comparator sets if at least one
+comparator with the same `[major, minor, patch]` tuple also has a
+prerelease tag.
+
+For example, the range `>1.2.3-alpha.3` would be allowed to match the
+version `1.2.3-alpha.7`, but it would *not* be satisfied by
+`3.4.5-alpha.9`, even though `3.4.5-alpha.9` is technically "greater
+than" `1.2.3-alpha.3` according to the SemVer sort rules.  The version
+range only accepts prerelease tags on the `1.2.3` version.  The
+version `3.4.5` *would* satisfy the range, because it does not have a
+prerelease flag, and `3.4.5` is greater than `1.2.3-alpha.7`.
+
+The purpose for this behavior is twofold.  First, prerelease versions
+frequently are updated very quickly, and contain many breaking changes
+that are (by the author's design) not yet fit for public consumption.
+Therefore, by default, they are excluded from range matching
+semantics.
+
+Second, a user who has opted into using a prerelease version has
+clearly indicated the intent to use *that specific* set of
+alpha/beta/rc versions.  By including a prerelease tag in the range,
+the user is indicating that they are aware of the risk.  However, it
+is still not appropriate to assume that they have opted into taking a
+similar risk on the *next* set of prerelease versions.
+
+#### Prerelease Identifiers
+
+The method `.inc` takes an additional `identifier` string argument that
+will append the value of the string as a prerelease identifier:
+
+```javascript
+semver.inc('1.2.3', 'prerelease', 'beta')
+// '1.2.4-beta.0'
+```
+
+command-line example:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.3 -i prerelease --preid beta
+1.2.4-beta.0
+```
+
+Which then can be used to increment further:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.4-beta.0 -i prerelease
+1.2.4-beta.1
+```
+
+### Advanced Range Syntax
+
+Advanced range syntax desugars to primitive comparators in
+deterministic ways.
+
+Advanced ranges may be combined in the same way as primitive
+comparators using white space or `||`.
+
+#### Hyphen Ranges `X.Y.Z - A.B.C`
+
+Specifies an inclusive set.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.3 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the first version in the inclusive
+range, then the missing pieces are replaced with zeroes.
+
+* `1.2 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.0 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the second version in the
+inclusive range, then all versions that start with the supplied parts
+of the tuple are accepted, but nothing that would be greater than the
+provided tuple parts.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.4.0`
+* `1.2.3 - 2` := `>=1.2.3 <3.0.0`
+
+#### X-Ranges `1.2.x` `1.X` `1.2.*` `*`
+
+Any of `X`, `x`, or `*` may be used to "stand in" for one of the
+numeric values in the `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+* `*` := `>=0.0.0` (Any version satisfies)
+* `1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0` (Matching major version)
+* `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0` (Matching major and minor versions)
+
+A partial version range is treated as an X-Range, so the special
+character is in fact optional.
+
+* `""` (empty string) := `*` := `>=0.0.0`
+* `1` := `1.x.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0`
+* `1.2` := `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0`
+
+#### Tilde Ranges `~1.2.3` `~1.2` `~1`
+
+Allows patch-level changes if a minor version is specified on the
+comparator.  Allows minor-level changes if not.
+
+* `~1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.3 <1.3.0`
+* `~1.2` := `>=1.2.0 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0` (Same as `1.2.x`)
+* `~1` := `>=1.0.0 <(1+1).0.0` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0` (Same as `1.x`)
+* `~0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0`
+* `~0.2` := `>=0.2.0 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.0 <0.3.0` (Same as `0.2.x`)
+* `~0` := `>=0.0.0 <(0+1).0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0` (Same as `0.x`)
+* `~1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <1.3.0` Note that prereleases in
+  the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta.2`.  So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+  `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+  different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+#### Caret Ranges `^1.2.3` `^0.2.5` `^0.0.4`
+
+Allows changes that do not modify the left-most non-zero digit in the
+`[major, minor, patch]` tuple.  In other words, this allows patch and
+minor updates for versions `1.0.0` and above, patch updates for
+versions `0.X >=0.1.0`, and *no* updates for versions `0.0.X`.
+
+Many authors treat a `0.x` version as if the `x` were the major
+"breaking-change" indicator.
+
+Caret ranges are ideal when an author may make breaking changes
+between `0.2.4` and `0.3.0` releases, which is a common practice.
+However, it presumes that there will *not* be breaking changes between
+`0.2.4` and `0.2.5`.  It allows for changes that are presumed to be
+additive (but non-breaking), according to commonly observed practices.
+
+* `^1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0`
+* `^0.0.3` := `>=0.0.3 <0.0.4`
+* `^1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <2.0.0` Note that prereleases in
+  the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta.2`.  So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+  `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+  different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+* `^0.0.3-beta` := `>=0.0.3-beta <0.0.4`  Note that prereleases in the
+  `0.0.3` version *only* will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+  equal to `beta`.  So, `0.0.3-pr.2` would be allowed.
+
+When parsing caret ranges, a missing `patch` value desugars to the
+number `0`, but will allow flexibility within that value, even if the
+major and minor versions are both `0`.
+
+* `^1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0`
+* `^0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0`
+
+A missing `minor` and `patch` values will desugar to zero, but also
+allow flexibility within those values, even if the major version is
+zero.
+
+* `^1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0`
+
+### Range Grammar
+
+Putting all this together, here is a Backus-Naur grammar for ranges,
+for the benefit of parser authors:
+
+```bnf
+range-set  ::= range ( logical-or range ) *
+logical-or ::= ( ' ' ) * '||' ( ' ' ) *
+range      ::= hyphen | simple ( ' ' simple ) * | ''
+hyphen     ::= partial ' - ' partial
+simple     ::= primitive | partial | tilde | caret
+primitive  ::= ( '<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '=' | ) partial
+partial    ::= xr ( '.' xr ( '.' xr qualifier ? )? )?
+xr         ::= 'x' | 'X' | '*' | nr
+nr         ::= '0' | ['1'-'9'] ( ['0'-'9'] ) *
+tilde      ::= '~' partial
+caret      ::= '^' partial
+qualifier  ::= ( '-' pre )? ( '+' build )?
+pre        ::= parts
+build      ::= parts
+parts      ::= part ( '.' part ) *
+part       ::= nr | [-0-9A-Za-z]+
+```
+
+## Functions
+
+All methods and classes take a final `loose` boolean argument that, if
+true, will be more forgiving about not-quite-valid semver strings.
+The resulting output will always be 100% strict, of course.
+
+Strict-mode Comparators and Ranges will be strict about the SemVer
+strings that they parse.
+
+* `valid(v)`: Return the parsed version, or null if it's not valid.
+* `inc(v, release)`: Return the version incremented by the release
+  type (`major`,   `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`,
+  `prepatch`, or `prerelease`), or null if it's not valid
+  * `premajor` in one call will bump the version up to the next major
+    version and down to a prerelease of that major version.
+    `preminor`, and `prepatch` work the same way.
+  * If called from a non-prerelease version, the `prerelease` will work the
+    same as `prepatch`. It increments the patch version, then makes a
+    prerelease. If the input version is already a prerelease it simply
+    increments it.
+* `prerelease(v)`: Returns an array of prerelease components, or null
+  if none exist. Example: `prerelease('1.2.3-alpha.1') -> ['alpha', 1]`
+* `major(v)`: Return the major version number.
+* `minor(v)`: Return the minor version number.
+* `patch(v)`: Return the patch version number.
+* `intersects(r1, r2, loose)`: Return true if the two supplied ranges
+  or comparators intersect.
+
+### Comparison
+
+* `gt(v1, v2)`: `v1 > v2`
+* `gte(v1, v2)`: `v1 >= v2`
+* `lt(v1, v2)`: `v1 < v2`
+* `lte(v1, v2)`: `v1 <= v2`
+* `eq(v1, v2)`: `v1 == v2` This is true if they're logically equivalent,
+  even if they're not the exact same string.  You already know how to
+  compare strings.
+* `neq(v1, v2)`: `v1 != v2` The opposite of `eq`.
+* `cmp(v1, comparator, v2)`: Pass in a comparison string, and it'll call
+  the corresponding function above.  `"==="` and `"!=="` do simple
+  string comparison, but are included for completeness.  Throws if an
+  invalid comparison string is provided.
+* `compare(v1, v2)`: Return `0` if `v1 == v2`, or `1` if `v1` is greater, or `-1` if
+  `v2` is greater.  Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `rcompare(v1, v2)`: The reverse of compare.  Sorts an array of versions
+  in descending order when passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `diff(v1, v2)`: Returns difference between two versions by the release type
+  (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`, `prepatch`, or `prerelease`),
+  or null if the versions are the same.
+
+### Comparators
+
+* `intersects(comparator)`: Return true if the comparators intersect
+
+### Ranges
+
+* `validRange(range)`: Return the valid range or null if it's not valid
+* `satisfies(version, range)`: Return true if the version satisfies the
+  range.
+* `maxSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the highest version in the list
+  that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `minSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the lowest version in the list
+  that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `gtr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is greater than all the
+  versions possible in the range.
+* `ltr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is less than all the
+  versions possible in the range.
+* `outside(version, range, hilo)`: Return true if the version is outside
+  the bounds of the range in either the high or low direction.  The
+  `hilo` argument must be either the string `'>'` or `'<'`.  (This is
+  the function called by `gtr` and `ltr`.)
+* `intersects(range)`: Return true if any of the ranges comparators intersect
+
+Note that, since ranges may be non-contiguous, a version might not be
+greater than a range, less than a range, *or* satisfy a range!  For
+example, the range `1.2 <1.2.9 || >2.0.0` would have a hole from `1.2.9`
+until `2.0.0`, so the version `1.2.10` would not be greater than the
+range (because `2.0.1` satisfies, which is higher), nor less than the
+range (since `1.2.8` satisfies, which is lower), and it also does not
+satisfy the range.
+
+If you want to know if a version satisfies or does not satisfy a
+range, use the `satisfies(version, range)` function.

package/node-v8.11.1-linux-x64/lib/node_modules/npm/doc/spec/file-specifiers.md

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+# `file:` specifiers
+
+`specifier` refers to the value part of the `package.json`'s `dependencies`
+object.  This is a semver expression for registry dependencies and
+URLs and URL-like strings for other types.
+
+### Dependency Specifiers
+
+* A `file:` specifier is either an absolute path (eg `/path/to/thing`, `d:\path\to\thing`):
+  * An absolute `file:///absolute/path` with any number of leading slashes
+    being treated as a single slash. That is, `file:/foo/bar` and
+    `file:///foo/bar` reference the same package.
+* … or a relative path (eg `../path/to/thing`, `path\to\subdir`).  Leading
+  slashes on a file specifier will be removed, that is 'file://../foo/bar`
+  references the same package as same as `file:../foo/bar`.  The latter is
+  considered canonical.
+* Attempting to install a specifer that has a windows drive letter will
+  produce an error on non-Windows systems.
+* A valid `file:` specifier points is:
+  * a valid package file. That is, a `.tar`, `.tar.gz` or `.tgz` containing
+  `<dir>/package.json`.
+  * OR, a directory that contains a `package.json`
+
+Relative specifiers are relative to the file they were found in, or, if
+provided on the command line, the CWD that the command was run from.
+
+An absolute specifier found in a `package.json` or `npm-shrinkwrap.json` is
+probably an error as it's unlikely to be portable between computers and
+should warn.
+
+A specifier provided as a command line argument that is on a different drive
+is an error.  That is, `npm install file:d:/foo/bar` is an error if the
+current drive is `c`.  The point of this rule is that if we can't produce a
+relative path then it's an error.
+
+### Specifier Disambiguation
+
+On the command line, plain paths are allowed.  These paths can be ambiguous
+as they could be a path, a plain package name or a github shortcut.  This
+ambiguity is resolved by checking to see if either a directory exists that
+contains a `package.json`.  If either is the case then the specifier is a
+file specifier, otherwise it's a registry or github specifier.
+
+### Specifier Matching
+
+A specifier is considered to match a dependency on disk when the `realpath`
+of the fully resolved specifier matches the `realpath` of the package on disk.
+
+### Saving File Specifiers
+
+When saving to both `package.json` and `npm-shrinkwrap.json` they will be
+saved using the `file:../relative/path` form, and the relative path will be
+relative to the project's root folder.  This is particularly important to
+note for the `npm-shrinkwrap.json` as it means the specifier there will
+be different then the original `package.json` (where it was relative to that
+`package.json`).
+
+# No, for `file:` type specifiers, we SHOULD shrinkwrap.  Other symlinks we
+# should not. Other symlinks w/o the link spec should be an error.
+
+When shrinkwrapping file specifiers, the contents of the destination
+package's `node_modules` WILL NOT be included in the shrinkwrap. If you want to lock
+down the destination package's `node_modules` you should create a shrinkwrap for it
+separately.
+
+This is necessary to support the mono repo use case where many projects file
+to the same package.  If each project included its own npm-shrinkwrap.json
+then they would each have their own distinct set of transitive dependencies
+and they'd step on each other any time you ran an install in one or the other.
+
+NOTE: This should not have an effect on shrinkwrapping of other sorts of
+shrinkwrapped packages.
+
+### Installation
+
+#### File type specifiers pointing at tarballs
+
+File-type specifiers pointing at a `.tgz` or `.tar.gz or `.tar` file will
+install it as a package file in the same way we would a remote tarball.  The
+checksum of the package file should be recorded so that we can check for updates.
+
+#### File type specifers pointing at directories
+
+File-type specifiers that point at directories will necessarily not do
+anything for `fetch` and `extract` phases.
+
+The symlink should be created during the `finalize` phase.
+
+The `preinstall` for file-type specifiers MUST be run AFTER the
+`finalize` phase as the symlink may be a relative path reaching outside the
+current project root and a symlink that resolves in `.staging` won't resolve
+in the package's final resting place.
+
+If the module is inside the package root that we're running the install for then
+dependencies of the linked package will be hoisted to the top level as usual.
+
+If the module is outside the package root then dependencies will be installed inside
+the linked module's `node_modules` folder.
+
+### Removal
+
+Removal should remove the symlink.
+
+Removal MUST NOT remove the transitive dependencies IF they're installed in
+the linked module's `node_modules` folder.
+
+### Listing
+
+In listings they should not include a version as the version is not
+something `npm` is concerned about.  This also makes them easily
+distinguishable from symlinks of packages that have other dependency
+specifiers.
+
+If you had run:
+
+```
+npm install --save file:../a
+```
+
+And then run:
+```
+npm ls
+```
+
+You would see:
+
+```
+example-package@1.0.0 /path/to/example-package
+└── a → file:../a
+```
+
+```
+example-package@1.0.0 /path/to/example-package
++-- a -> file:../a
+```
+
+Of note here: No version is included as the relavent detail is WHERE the
+package came from, not what version happened to be in that path.
+
+### Outdated
+
+Local specifiers should only show up in `npm outdated` if they're missing
+and when they do, they should be reported as:
+
+```
+Package  Current  Wanted  Latest  Location
+a        MISSING   LOCAL   LOCAL  example-package
+```
+
+### Updating
+
+If a dependency with a local specifier is already installed then `npm
+update` shouldn't do anything.  If one is missing then it should be
+installed as if you ran `npm install`.