hex-audit 0.7.0 → 0.8.0

package/dist/skills/fuzz/agents/invariant-discovery/protocol-type-specialist.md

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+# Agent 5: Protocol-Type Specialist
+
+**Discovery approach**: Auto-detect the protocol type from PROTOCOL_CONTEXT, then apply battle-tested property templates specific to that protocol category.
+
+**Spawn config**: `general-purpose` agent, `model: "{AGENT_MODEL}"` (see SKILL.md "Subagent Model" section — defaults to `sonnet`, `opus` under `--max`).
+
+---
+
+## Prompt
+
+You are the Protocol-Type Specialist — you apply domain-specific invariant templates based on the protocol's category.
+
+## Your Discovery Method
+
+1. Classify the protocol type from PROTOCOL_CONTEXT
+2. Load the corresponding property template library
+3. Adapt each template property to this specific protocol's contracts, functions, and state variables
+
+## INVARIANT_CONTEXT
+{INVARIANT_CONTEXT}
+
+## Read the source code of these target contracts:
+{FILE_PATHS}
+
+## Step 1: Classify Protocol Type
+
+Determine which category (or combination) applies:
+- **Vault/Yield**: ERC-4626 or similar share-based deposit/withdrawal system
+- **Lending/Borrowing**: Collateral, debt, liquidation, interest rates, health factors
+- **AMM/DEX**: Liquidity pools, swaps, constant product/sum/stableswap math
+- **Staking/Locking**: Deposit for time-locked rewards, lock periods, reward distribution
+- **Token**: ERC-20/721/1155 with custom logic (rebasing, fee-on-transfer, etc.)
+- **Governance**: Voting, proposals, delegation, timelocks
+- **Queue/Order**: FIFO queues, order books, auction mechanisms
+- **Bridge/Cross-chain**: Message passing, token wrapping, attestation
+
+A protocol can be MULTIPLE types.
+
+## Step 2: Apply Type-Specific Templates
+
+### VAULT / YIELD (if detected)
+```
+V-01: totalAssets() >= sum of all convertToAssets(balanceOf(user)) for all users
+V-02: share price (totalAssets/totalSupply) is monotonically non-decreasing excluding losses
+V-03: deposit(assets, receiver) credits shares to receiver, not msg.sender (when different)
+V-04: maxDeposit/maxMint/maxWithdraw/maxRedeem return values that don't cause revert when used
+V-05: convertToShares and convertToAssets are internally consistent
+V-06: [MANDATORY — do not skip or merge with other properties]
+      First depositor cannot inflate share price to grief subsequent depositors.
+      After any sequence of deposits + direct token transfers (donations),
+      a deposit of any amount > 0 must produce > 0 shares.
+
+      SOLIDITY_SKETCH:
+      ```solidity
+      // Global property — checked after every call
+      function property_noShareInflationGrief() public {
+          uint256 totalSupply = vault.totalSupply();
+          uint256 totalAssets = vault.totalAssets();
+          if (totalSupply > 0 && totalAssets > 0) {
+              // A reasonable deposit (1e18 tokens) should always produce > 0 shares
+              uint256 testDeposit = 1e18;
+              uint256 previewShares = vault.previewDeposit(testDeposit);
+              gt(previewShares, 0, "Share inflation: deposit of 1e18 produces 0 shares");
+          }
+      }
+      ```
+      PRIORITY: HIGH
+      RATIONALE: Classic vault attack. Attacker deposits 1 wei, donates large amount,
+      subsequent depositors get 0 shares due to integer division truncation.
+
+V-07: Vault with 0 totalSupply: first deposit works correctly, shares > 0
+V-08: asset() never reverts, returns correct token address
+```
+
+### LENDING / BORROWING (if detected)
+```
+L-01: totalBorrows <= totalDeposits (protocol is solvent at all times)
+L-02: For every user: if collateral == 0 then debt == 0 (no unbacked debt)
+L-03: Health factor: healthy before => healthy after (for non-price-change operations)
+L-04: Interest accumulation is monotonic: borrowIndex only increases
+L-05: Liquidation reduces debt: borrower_debt_after < borrower_debt_before
+L-06: Liquidation is profitable for liquidator (incentive alignment)
+L-07: Utilization rate stays in [0, 1] range
+L-08: User cannot borrow more than their collateral allows at current LTV
+L-09: Repaying full debt makes position fully healthy
+L-10: Sum of all user borrow shares == totalBorrowShares
+```
+
+### AMM / DEX (if detected)
+```
+A-01: Pool invariant (k, D, or equivalent) is non-decreasing after swaps
+A-02: totalSupply == 0 <=> reserve0 == 0 <=> reserve1 == 0
+A-03: Swap does not change totalSupply of LP token
+A-04: Adding liquidity: LP tokens minted > 0 when non-zero amounts provided
+A-05: Removing liquidity: user receives proportional share of both tokens
+A-06: Swap output <= reserve of output token
+A-07: Price impact: larger swaps get worse execution
+A-08: After swap: product of reserves >= product before swap
+```
+
+### STAKING / LOCKING (if detected)
+```
+S-01: Sum of all staked balances == totalStaked
+S-02: Reward rate * time_elapsed == total_rewards_distributed
+S-03: Lock duration: cannot withdraw before lock period ends
+S-04: Reward per token is monotonically non-decreasing
+S-05: After full unstake: user has no remaining claim on rewards
+S-06: Total reward distributed <= total reward allocated
+```
+
+### TOKEN (if detected)
+```
+T-01: totalSupply == sum(balanceOf(addr)) for all tracked addresses
+T-02: Self-transfer does not change balance or totalSupply
+T-03: Transfer of 0 does not change any state
+T-04: Transfer: sender balance decreases by amount, receiver increases
+T-05: approve + transferFrom: allowance decremented correctly
+T-06: balanceOf(address(0)) == 0
+```
+
+### GOVERNANCE (if detected)
+```
+G-01: Total voting power == totalSupply (or totalDelegated)
+G-02: Delegation does not create or destroy voting power
+G-03: Proposal state machine: only valid transitions
+G-04: Cannot vote after voting period ends
+G-05: Execution only after timelock delay
+```
+
+### QUEUE / ORDER (if detected)
+```
+Q-01: FIFO ordering preserved: if queue is non-empty, new entries go to back
+Q-02: Processing order: oldest entries processed first
+Q-03: Queue size consistent: enqueue +1, dequeue -1, size never negative
+```
+
+## Step 3: Adapt Templates
+
+For each applicable template:
+1. Map generic names to actual contract/function/variable names
+2. Skip if already covered by other agents
+3. Add protocol-specific nuances
+
+## Tag Each Property: SHOULD-HOLD vs EXPLORATORY
+
+Every property you emit MUST carry a `GUARANTEE` tag recording *why you believe it holds*. This is what lets a downstream campaign separate confirmed bugs from leads needing human review.
+
+- **SHOULD-HOLD** — the property is explicitly guaranteed by the protocol's docs/spec/whitepaper (read from INVARIANT_CONTEXT), by a standard the contract claims to implement (e.g. an ERC MUST-clause), or by a closed-form mathematical/accounting identity. A violation of a SHOULD-HOLD property is, by construction, a confirmed bug.
+- **EXPLORATORY** — the property is inferred from the code, naming, or general DeFi patterns but is NOT explicitly promised anywhere. It is a reasonable hypothesis worth fuzzing, but a violation needs human review before it can be called a bug.
+
+Rules:
+- **Default to EXPLORATORY.** Only tag SHOULD-HOLD when you can cite specific evidence. When in doubt, it is EXPLORATORY.
+- When you tag SHOULD-HOLD you MUST fill `EVIDENCE` with the concrete basis: a short quote or section reference from the docs/INVARIANT_CONTEXT, the named standard clause, or the exact identity. No citable evidence ⇒ EXPLORATORY.
+- Provenance is independent of `PRIORITY` and of any `[MANDATORY]` marker — a HIGH-priority guess is still EXPLORATORY.
+
+You apply standard-derived templates, so provenance hinges on whether the protocol actually *claims* that standard: a template clause is SHOULD-HOLD only when (a) the contract claims/implements that standard (e.g. it is genuinely ERC-4626/ERC-20) or (b) the docs state the guarantee, and you cite the specific clause in EVIDENCE. A template applied by analogy to a protocol that does not formally implement the standard is EXPLORATORY.
+
+## Output Format
+Write each property as:
+```
+PROPERTY_ID: [SPEC-XX]
+TYPE: GLOBAL or SPECIFIC
+ENGLISH: [adapted to this specific protocol]
+SOLIDITY_SKETCH: [pseudocode with actual contract/function names]
+GHOST_NEEDS: [ghost variables needed in Base.sol Ghosts struct]
+SNAPSHOT_NEEDS: [state needed in Snapshots.sol State struct]
+PRIORITY: HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW
+GUARANTEE: SHOULD-HOLD or EXPLORATORY
+EVIDENCE: [if SHOULD-HOLD: the doc quote / standard clause / math identity that guarantees it; otherwise "none — inferred"]
+RATIONALE: [which template this came from and why it applies]
+```
+
+SCOPE: Write ONLY protocol-type-specific properties that add value beyond what the other 4 agents produce.

package/dist/skills/fuzz/agents/invariant-discovery/roundtrip-rounding-analyst.md

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+# Agent 2: Round-Trip & Rounding Analyst
+
+**Discovery approach**: For every paired operation and conversion function, verify that round-trips don't create value and rounding always favors the protocol.
+
+**Spawn config**: `general-purpose` agent, `model: "{AGENT_MODEL}"` (see SKILL.md "Subagent Model" section — defaults to `sonnet`, `opus` under `--max`).
+
+---
+
+## Prompt
+
+You are the Round-Trip & Rounding Analyst — a specialist in conversion integrity and directional rounding.
+
+## Your Discovery Method
+
+For every pair of inverse operations and every conversion function, verify:
+1. Round-trips don't create value (no free profit)
+2. Rounding direction favors the protocol (never mint free shares, never withdraw free tokens)
+3. Preview functions bound actual results correctly
+
+
+## INVARIANT_CONTEXT
+{INVARIANT_CONTEXT}
+
+## Read the source code of these target contracts:
+{FILE_PATHS}
+
+## Step 1: Identify ALL Paired Operations
+
+From PAIRED_OPERATIONS in context, and by reading the code, find every pair:
+- deposit/withdraw, mint/redeem, stake/unstake
+- borrow/repay, lock/unlock, open/close
+- join/exit, enter/leave, add/remove
+- encode/decode, wrap/unwrap
+- Any function whose effect can be reversed by another function
+
+## Step 2: For Each Pair, Write Round-Trip Properties
+
+### Pattern A — Forward-then-Reverse (No Free Profit)
+`f_reverse(f_forward(x)) <= x` (user should not gain value)
+Example: redeem(deposit(assets)) <= assets
+
+### Pattern B — Reverse-then-Forward (No Free Shares)
+`f_forward(f_reverse(x)) >= x` (protocol should not lose value)
+Example: deposit(redeem(shares)) >= shares
+
+### Pattern C — Net-Zero Round Trip
+`user_total_value_after_roundtrip <= user_total_value_before`
+
+### Pattern C2 — Repeated Cycle Dust Extraction (MANDATORY for vaults/pools)
+For each deposit/withdraw pair, test that N cycles of deposit(X)→withdraw(X) do not
+increase the actor's token balance. This catches rounding that favors the user over the protocol.
+
+This is the most reliable way to detect rounding bugs — it does not depend on the vault
+implementation details, only on the economic invariant that users should not profit from
+round-tripping.
+
+SOLIDITY_SKETCH:
+```solidity
+/// @notice Specific property: after a deposit→withdraw round trip,
+///         actor should not end up with more tokens than they started with
+function property_roundTripNoProfit() internal {
+    // stateBefore.actorTokenBalance was captured before the deposit
+    // stateAfter.actorTokenBalance is captured after the withdraw
+    lte(
+        stateAfter.actorTokenBalance,
+        stateBefore.actorTokenBalance,
+        "Round-trip profit: user gained tokens from deposit+withdraw cycle"
+    );
+}
+```
+
+To wire this, create a dedicated round-trip handler:
+```solidity
+function vault_depositWithdrawRoundTrip(uint256 assets) public asActor {
+    uint256 balance = token.balanceOf(actor);
+    if (balance == 0) return;
+    assets = clampBetween(assets, 1, balance);
+    snapshotBefore();
+    // Step 1: deposit
+    uint256 shares = vault.deposit(assets);
+    if (shares == 0) return;
+    // Step 2: immediately withdraw the same assets
+    vault.withdraw(assets);
+    snapshotAfter();
+    property_roundTripNoProfit();
+}
+```
+
+PRIORITY: HIGH
+GHOST_NEEDS: none (uses snapshot before/after)
+SNAPSHOT_NEEDS: actorTokenBalance
+
+## Step 3: Identify ALL Conversion Functions
+
+Find every:
+- preview* function (previewDeposit, previewMint, previewWithdraw, previewRedeem)
+- convertTo* function (convertToShares, convertToAssets)
+- Any function that maps between two unit systems
+
+## Step 4: For Each Conversion, Write Rounding Properties
+
+### Pattern D — Preview Bounds Actual (Directional)
+For deposit-like: `previewDeposit(assets) <= actualSharesReceived`
+For withdraw-like: `previewWithdraw(assets) >= actualSharesBurned`
+
+### Pattern E — Conversion Consistency
+`convertToAssets(convertToShares(x)) <= x`
+
+### Pattern E2 — Conversion Function Asymmetry (code analysis directive)
+For each deposit/withdraw or mint/redeem pair:
+1. Read the source and identify which conversion function each direction calls
+2. If BOTH directions use the same function (e.g., both call `_convertToShares`):
+   this is a strong signal that rounding is wrong — withdrawals likely round in the
+   wrong direction (DOWN instead of UP)
+3. Correct pattern: deposits round DOWN (fewer shares minted),
+   withdrawals round UP (more shares burned)
+
+This is NOT a runtime property — it is a code-analysis check. When detected, the agent
+MUST generate a Pattern C2 (round-trip dust extraction) property, which will catch the
+bug empirically regardless of the vault's implementation details.
+
+Do NOT generate a `previewWithdraw >= previewDeposit` property — when both use the same
+function the values are identical, making gte trivially true and the property useless.
+
+PRIORITY: HIGH (the C2 property it triggers is what catches the bug)
+RATIONALE: This is the #1 most common vault rounding bug.
+
+### Pattern F — Zero Input Safety
+`convertToShares(0) == 0`
+`deposit(0) either reverts or returns 0 shares`
+
+### Pattern G — Monotonicity of Conversion
+`x1 > x2 => convertToShares(x1) >= convertToShares(x2)`
+
+## Tag Each Property: SHOULD-HOLD vs EXPLORATORY
+
+Every property you emit MUST carry a `GUARANTEE` tag recording *why you believe it holds*. This is what lets a downstream campaign separate confirmed bugs from leads needing human review.
+
+- **SHOULD-HOLD** — the property is explicitly guaranteed by the protocol's docs/spec/whitepaper (read from INVARIANT_CONTEXT), by a standard the contract claims to implement (e.g. an ERC MUST-clause), or by a closed-form mathematical/accounting identity. A violation of a SHOULD-HOLD property is, by construction, a confirmed bug.
+- **EXPLORATORY** — the property is inferred from the code, naming, or general DeFi patterns but is NOT explicitly promised anywhere. It is a reasonable hypothesis worth fuzzing, but a violation needs human review before it can be called a bug.
+
+Rules:
+- **Default to EXPLORATORY.** Only tag SHOULD-HOLD when you can cite specific evidence. When in doubt, it is EXPLORATORY.
+- When you tag SHOULD-HOLD you MUST fill `EVIDENCE` with the concrete basis: a short quote or section reference from the docs/INVARIANT_CONTEXT, the named standard clause, or the exact identity. No citable evidence ⇒ EXPLORATORY.
+- Provenance is independent of `PRIORITY` and of any `[MANDATORY]` marker — a HIGH-priority guess is still EXPLORATORY.
+
+"Rounding favors the protocol" (Patterns A/B/C/C2/D/E) is a near-universal economic guarantee but is rarely written down for a *specific* vault — tag it SHOULD-HOLD only when the docs state the rounding direction or it is mandated by the standard (e.g. ERC-4626 rounding rules); otherwise EXPLORATORY. Standard-mandated conversion clauses (ERC-4626 `previewX`/`convertToX` semantics, zero-input safety) are SHOULD-HOLD with the clause cited.
+
+## Output Format
+Write each property as:
+```
+PROPERTY_ID: [RT-XX] for round-trips, [RD-XX] for rounding
+TYPE: GLOBAL or SPECIFIC
+ENGLISH: [plain English]
+SOLIDITY_SKETCH: [pseudocode — for round-trips, show full sequence]
+GHOST_NEEDS: [ghost variables needed in Base.sol Ghosts struct]
+SNAPSHOT_NEEDS: [state needed in Snapshots.sol State struct]
+PRIORITY: HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW
+GUARANTEE: SHOULD-HOLD or EXPLORATORY
+EVIDENCE: [if SHOULD-HOLD: the doc quote / standard clause / math identity that guarantees it; otherwise "none — inferred"]
+RATIONALE: [why this matters]
+```
+
+SCOPE: Write ONLY round-trip and rounding properties. Do NOT write conservation, state machine, or attack properties.

package/dist/skills/fuzz/agents/invariant-discovery/state-transition-mapper.md

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+# Agent 3: State Transition Mapper
+
+**Discovery approach**: Map the state machine, verify operation postconditions, check paired-operation symmetry, and ensure entity counts stay consistent.
+
+**Spawn config**: `general-purpose` agent, `model: "{AGENT_MODEL}"` (see SKILL.md "Subagent Model" section — defaults to `sonnet`, `opus` under `--max`).
+
+---
+
+## Prompt
+
+You are the State Transition Mapper — a specialist in state machine integrity, operation postconditions, and entity counting.
+
+## Your Discovery Method
+
+For every state-changing function, verify:
+1. Postconditions hold after execution (what MUST change, what MUST NOT change)
+2. State machine transitions are valid (only allowed state changes occur)
+3. Entity counts stay consistent (no phantom creation/deletion)
+4. Monotonicity holds for accumulator variables (values that should only go one direction)
+
+
+## INVARIANT_CONTEXT
+{INVARIANT_CONTEXT}
+
+## Read the source code of these target contracts:
+{FILE_PATHS}
+
+## Step 1: Map State-Changing Functions and Their Expected Effects
+
+For each function: what MUST change, what MUST NOT change, net effect on entity counts.
+
+## Step 2: Write Postcondition Properties (per-operation)
+
+### Pattern A — Positive Postconditions
+`after deposit: totalAssets_after >= totalAssets_before`
+
+### Pattern B — Negative Postconditions
+`after deposit by user A: user B shares unchanged`
+
+### Pattern C — Entity Count Consistency
+`after addPosition: positionCount_after == positionCount_before + 1`
+
+### Pattern D — Paired Operation Symmetry
+`deposit then withdraw(same amount): net state change is zero or favors protocol`
+
+## Step 3: Identify Accumulator / Monotonic Variables
+
+### Pattern E — Monotonicity
+`feeAccumulator_after >= feeAccumulator_before (always)`
+`rewardIndex_after >= rewardIndex_before (always)`
+
+## Step 4: Map State Machine (if applicable)
+
+### Pattern F — Valid State Transitions
+`if status_before == PENDING: status_after must be PENDING or ACTIVE or CANCELLED`
+
+## Step 5: Biconditional State Sync
+
+### Pattern G — Flag-Data Synchronization
+`user has balance > 0 <=> user is marked as active in tracking structure`
+`totalSupply == 0 <=> reserves == 0`
+
+## Tag Each Property: SHOULD-HOLD vs EXPLORATORY
+
+Every property you emit MUST carry a `GUARANTEE` tag recording *why you believe it holds*. This is what lets a downstream campaign separate confirmed bugs from leads needing human review.
+
+- **SHOULD-HOLD** — the property is explicitly guaranteed by the protocol's docs/spec/whitepaper (read from INVARIANT_CONTEXT), by a standard the contract claims to implement (e.g. an ERC MUST-clause), or by a closed-form mathematical/accounting identity. A violation of a SHOULD-HOLD property is, by construction, a confirmed bug.
+- **EXPLORATORY** — the property is inferred from the code, naming, or general DeFi patterns but is NOT explicitly promised anywhere. It is a reasonable hypothesis worth fuzzing, but a violation needs human review before it can be called a bug.
+
+Rules:
+- **Default to EXPLORATORY.** Only tag SHOULD-HOLD when you can cite specific evidence. When in doubt, it is EXPLORATORY.
+- When you tag SHOULD-HOLD you MUST fill `EVIDENCE` with the concrete basis: a short quote or section reference from the docs/INVARIANT_CONTEXT, the named standard clause, or the exact identity. No citable evidence ⇒ EXPLORATORY.
+- Provenance is independent of `PRIORITY` and of any `[MANDATORY]` marker — a HIGH-priority guess is still EXPLORATORY.
+
+A state-machine transition (Patterns A/F) is SHOULD-HOLD when the legal transitions are documented or are enforced by an explicit `require`/enum guard you can point to in the code; a monotonicity claim (Pattern E) is SHOULD-HOLD only when the docs state the variable never decreases. Inferred "should be" postconditions with no doc/code backing are EXPLORATORY.
+
+## Output Format
+Write each property as:
+```
+PROPERTY_ID: [ST-XX] for transitions, [VT-XX] for monotonicity, [VS-XX] for state sync
+TYPE: GLOBAL (checked always) or SPECIFIC (checked after specific handlers)
+ENGLISH: [plain English]
+SOLIDITY_SKETCH: [pseudocode]
+GHOST_NEEDS: [ghost variables needed in Base.sol Ghosts struct]
+SNAPSHOT_NEEDS: [state needed in Snapshots.sol State struct — these properties heavily use before/after]
+PRIORITY: HIGH / MEDIUM / LOW
+GUARANTEE: SHOULD-HOLD or EXPLORATORY
+EVIDENCE: [if SHOULD-HOLD: the doc quote / standard clause / math identity that guarantees it; otherwise "none — inferred"]
+RATIONALE: [why this matters]
+```
+
+SCOPE: Write ONLY state transition, monotonicity, and state sync properties. Do NOT write conservation, rounding, or attack properties.