fabric 5.3.0 → 6.0.0-beta10

package/src/shapes/Text/Text.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1891 @@
+import { cache } from '../../cache';
+import { DEFAULT_SVG_FONT_SIZE } from '../../constants';
+import type { ObjectEvents } from '../../EventTypeDefs';
+import type {
+  CompleteTextStyleDeclaration,
+  TextStyle,
+  TextStyleDeclaration,
+} from './StyledText';
+import { StyledText } from './StyledText';
+import { SHARED_ATTRIBUTES } from '../../parser/attributes';
+import { parseAttributes } from '../../parser/parseAttributes';
+import type { XY } from '../../Point';
+import type {
+  TCacheCanvasDimensions,
+  TClassProperties,
+  TFiller,
+} from '../../typedefs';
+import { classRegistry } from '../../ClassRegistry';
+import { graphemeSplit } from '../../util/lang_string';
+import { createCanvasElement } from '../../util/misc/dom';
+import {
+  hasStyleChanged,
+  stylesFromArray,
+  stylesToArray,
+} from '../../util/misc/textStyles';
+import { getPathSegmentsInfo, getPointOnPath } from '../../util/path';
+import { cacheProperties } from '../Object/FabricObject';
+import type { Path } from '../Path';
+import { TextSVGExportMixin } from './TextSVGExportMixin';
+import { applyMixins } from '../../util/applyMixins';
+import type {
+  FabricObjectProps,
+  SerializedObjectProps,
+  TProps,
+} from '../Object/types';
+import type { StylePropertiesType } from './constants';
+import {
+  additionalProps,
+  textDefaultValues,
+  textLayoutProperties,
+  JUSTIFY,
+  JUSTIFY_CENTER,
+  JUSTIFY_LEFT,
+  JUSTIFY_RIGHT,
+} from './constants';
+import { CENTER, LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, BOTTOM } from '../../constants';
+import { isFiller } from '../../util/typeAssertions';
+import type { Gradient, Pattern } from 'fabric';
+
+let measuringContext: CanvasRenderingContext2D | null;
+
+/**
+ * Return a context for measurement of text string.
+ * if created it gets stored for reuse
+ */
+function getMeasuringContext() {
+  if (!measuringContext) {
+    measuringContext = createCanvasElement().getContext('2d');
+  }
+  return measuringContext;
+}
+
+type TPathSide = 'left' | 'right';
+
+type TPathAlign = 'baseline' | 'center' | 'ascender' | 'descender';
+
+/**
+ * Measure and return the info of a single grapheme.
+ * needs the the info of previous graphemes already filled
+ * Override to customize measuring
+ */
+export type GraphemeBBox = {
+  width: number;
+  height: number;
+  kernedWidth: number;
+  left: number;
+  deltaY: number;
+  renderLeft?: number;
+  renderTop?: number;
+  angle?: number;
+};
+
+// @TODO this is not complete
+interface UniqueTextProps {
+  charSpacing: number;
+  lineHeight: number;
+  fontSize: number;
+  fontWeight: string;
+  fontFamily: string;
+  fontStyle: string;
+  pathSide: TPathSide;
+  pathAlign: TPathAlign;
+  underline: boolean;
+  overline: boolean;
+  linethrough: boolean;
+  textAlign: string;
+  direction: CanvasDirection;
+  path?: Path;
+}
+
+export interface SerializedTextProps
+  extends SerializedObjectProps,
+    UniqueTextProps {}
+
+export interface TextProps extends FabricObjectProps, UniqueTextProps {}
+
+/**
+ * Text class
+ * @tutorial {@link http://fabricjs.com/fabric-intro-part-2#text}
+ */
+export class Text<
+    Props extends TProps<TextProps> = Partial<TextProps>,
+    SProps extends SerializedTextProps = SerializedTextProps,
+    EventSpec extends ObjectEvents = ObjectEvents
+  >
+  extends StyledText<Props, SProps, EventSpec>
+  implements UniqueTextProps
+{
+  /**
+   * Properties that requires a text layout recalculation when changed
+   * @type string[]
+   * @protected
+   */
+  static textLayoutProperties: string[] = textLayoutProperties;
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare _reNewline: RegExp;
+
+  /**
+   * Use this regular expression to filter for whitespaces that is not a new line.
+   * Mostly used when text is 'justify' aligned.
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare _reSpacesAndTabs: RegExp;
+
+  /**
+   * Use this regular expression to filter for whitespace that is not a new line.
+   * Mostly used when text is 'justify' aligned.
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare _reSpaceAndTab: RegExp;
+
+  /**
+   * Use this regular expression to filter consecutive groups of non spaces.
+   * Mostly used when text is 'justify' aligned.
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare _reWords: RegExp;
+
+  declare text: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Font size (in pixels)
+   * @type Number
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare fontSize: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Font weight (e.g. bold, normal, 400, 600, 800)
+   * @type {(Number|String)}
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare fontWeight: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Font family
+   * @type String
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare fontFamily: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Text decoration underline.
+   * @type Boolean
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare underline: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Text decoration overline.
+   * @type Boolean
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare overline: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Text decoration linethrough.
+   * @type Boolean
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare linethrough: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Text alignment. Possible values: "left", "center", "right", "justify",
+   * "justify-left", "justify-center" or "justify-right".
+   * @type String
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare textAlign: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Font style . Possible values: "", "normal", "italic" or "oblique".
+   * @type String
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare fontStyle: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Line height
+   * @type Number
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare lineHeight: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Superscript schema object (minimum overlap)
+   */
+  declare superscript: {
+    /**
+     * fontSize factor
+     * @default 0.6
+     */
+    size: number;
+    /**
+     * baseline-shift factor (upwards)
+     * @default -0.35
+     */
+    baseline: number;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Subscript schema object (minimum overlap)
+   */
+  declare subscript: {
+    /**
+     * fontSize factor
+     * @default 0.6
+     */
+    size: number;
+    /**
+     * baseline-shift factor (downwards)
+     * @default 0.11
+     */
+    baseline: number;
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * Background color of text lines
+   * @type String
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare textBackgroundColor: string;
+
+  declare styles: TextStyle;
+
+  /**
+   * Path that the text should follow.
+   * since 4.6.0 the path will be drawn automatically.
+   * if you want to make the path visible, give it a stroke and strokeWidth or fill value
+   * if you want it to be hidden, assign visible = false to the path.
+   * This feature is in BETA, and SVG import/export is not yet supported.
+   * @type Path
+   * @example
+   * const textPath = new Text('Text on a path', {
+   *     top: 150,
+   *     left: 150,
+   *     textAlign: 'center',
+   *     charSpacing: -50,
+   *     path: new Path('M 0 0 C 50 -100 150 -100 200 0', {
+   *         strokeWidth: 1,
+   *         visible: false
+   *     }),
+   *     pathSide: 'left',
+   *     pathStartOffset: 0
+   * });
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare path?: Path;
+
+  /**
+   * Offset amount for text path starting position
+   * Only used when text has a path
+   * @type Number
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare pathStartOffset: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Which side of the path the text should be drawn on.
+   * Only used when text has a path
+   * @type {TPathSide} 'left|right'
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare pathSide: TPathSide;
+
+  /**
+   * How text is aligned to the path. This property determines
+   * the perpendicular position of each character relative to the path.
+   * (one of "baseline", "center", "ascender", "descender")
+   * This feature is in BETA, and its behavior may change
+   * @type TPathAlign
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare pathAlign: TPathAlign;
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare _fontSizeFraction: number;
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare offsets: { underline: number; linethrough: number; overline: number };
+
+  /**
+   * Text Line proportion to font Size (in pixels)
+   * @type Number
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare _fontSizeMult: number;
+
+  /**
+   * additional space between characters
+   * expressed in thousands of em unit
+   * @type Number
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare charSpacing: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Baseline shift, styles only, keep at 0 for the main text object
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare deltaY: number;
+
+  /**
+   * WARNING: EXPERIMENTAL. NOT SUPPORTED YET
+   * determine the direction of the text.
+   * This has to be set manually together with textAlign and originX for proper
+   * experience.
+   * some interesting link for the future
+   * https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-bidi-unicode-controls
+   * @since 4.5.0
+   * @type {CanvasDirection} 'ltr|rtl'
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare direction: CanvasDirection;
+
+  /**
+   * contains characters bounding boxes
+   */
+  protected __charBounds: GraphemeBBox[][] = [];
+
+  /**
+   * use this size when measuring text. To avoid IE11 rounding errors
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @default
+   * @readonly
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare CACHE_FONT_SIZE: number;
+
+  /**
+   * contains the min text width to avoid getting 0
+   * @type {Number}
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare MIN_TEXT_WIDTH: number;
+
+  /**
+   * contains the the text of the object, divided in lines as they are displayed
+   * on screen. Wrapping will divide the text independently of line breaks
+   * @type {string[]}
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare textLines: string[];
+
+  /**
+   * same as textlines, but each line is an array of graphemes as split by splitByGrapheme
+   * @type {string[]}
+   * @default
+   */
+  declare _textLines: string[][];
+
+  declare _unwrappedTextLines: string[][];
+  declare _text: string[];
+  declare cursorWidth: number;
+  declare __lineHeights: number[];
+  declare __lineWidths: number[];
+  declare initialized?: true;
+
+  static cacheProperties = [...cacheProperties, ...additionalProps];
+
+  static ownDefaults: Record<string, any> = textDefaultValues;
+
+  static type = 'Text';
+
+  static getDefaults() {
+    return { ...super.getDefaults(), ...Text.ownDefaults };
+  }
+
+  constructor(text: string, options: any) {
+    super({ ...options, text, styles: options?.styles || {} });
+    this.initialized = true;
+    if (this.path) {
+      this.setPathInfo();
+    }
+    this.initDimensions();
+    this.setCoords();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If text has a path, it will add the extra information needed
+   * for path and text calculations
+   */
+  setPathInfo() {
+    const path = this.path;
+    if (path) {
+      path.segmentsInfo = getPathSegmentsInfo(path.path);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Divides text into lines of text and lines of graphemes.
+   */
+  _splitText() {
+    const newLines = this._splitTextIntoLines(this.text);
+    this.textLines = newLines.lines;
+    this._textLines = newLines.graphemeLines;
+    this._unwrappedTextLines = newLines._unwrappedLines;
+    this._text = newLines.graphemeText;
+    return newLines;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize or update text dimensions.
+   * Updates this.width and this.height with the proper values.
+   * Does not return dimensions.
+   */
+  initDimensions() {
+    this._splitText();
+    this._clearCache();
+    this.dirty = true;
+    if (this.path) {
+      this.width = this.path.width;
+      this.height = this.path.height;
+    } else {
+      this.width =
+        this.calcTextWidth() || this.cursorWidth || this.MIN_TEXT_WIDTH;
+      this.height = this.calcTextHeight();
+    }
+    if (this.textAlign.includes(JUSTIFY)) {
+      // once text is measured we need to make space fatter to make justified text.
+      this.enlargeSpaces();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Enlarge space boxes and shift the others
+   */
+  enlargeSpaces() {
+    let diffSpace,
+      currentLineWidth,
+      numberOfSpaces,
+      accumulatedSpace,
+      line,
+      charBound,
+      spaces;
+    for (let i = 0, len = this._textLines.length; i < len; i++) {
+      if (
+        this.textAlign !== JUSTIFY &&
+        (i === len - 1 || this.isEndOfWrapping(i))
+      ) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      accumulatedSpace = 0;
+      line = this._textLines[i];
+      currentLineWidth = this.getLineWidth(i);
+      if (
+        currentLineWidth < this.width &&
+        (spaces = this.textLines[i].match(this._reSpacesAndTabs))
+      ) {
+        numberOfSpaces = spaces.length;
+        diffSpace = (this.width - currentLineWidth) / numberOfSpaces;
+        for (let j = 0; j <= line.length; j++) {
+          charBound = this.__charBounds[i][j];
+          if (this._reSpaceAndTab.test(line[j])) {
+            charBound.width += diffSpace;
+            charBound.kernedWidth += diffSpace;
+            charBound.left += accumulatedSpace;
+            accumulatedSpace += diffSpace;
+          } else {
+            charBound.left += accumulatedSpace;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Detect if the text line is ended with an hard break
+   * text and itext do not have wrapping, return false
+   * @return {Boolean}
+   */
+  isEndOfWrapping(lineIndex: number): boolean {
+    return lineIndex === this._textLines.length - 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Detect if a line has a linebreak and so we need to account for it when moving
+   * and counting style.
+   * It return always for text and Itext.
+   * @return Number
+   */
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+  missingNewlineOffset(lineIndex: number) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns 2d representation (lineIndex and charIndex) of cursor
+   * @param {Number} selectionStart
+   * @param {Boolean} [skipWrapping] consider the location for unwrapped lines. useful to manage styles.
+   */
+  get2DCursorLocation(selectionStart: number, skipWrapping?: boolean) {
+    const lines = skipWrapping ? this._unwrappedTextLines : this._textLines;
+    let i: number;
+    for (i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+      if (selectionStart <= lines[i].length) {
+        return {
+          lineIndex: i,
+          charIndex: selectionStart,
+        };
+      }
+      selectionStart -= lines[i].length + this.missingNewlineOffset(i);
+    }
+    return {
+      lineIndex: i - 1,
+      charIndex:
+        lines[i - 1].length < selectionStart
+          ? lines[i - 1].length
+          : selectionStart,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns string representation of an instance
+   * @return {String} String representation of text object
+   */
+  toString(): string {
+    return `#<Text (${this.complexity()}): { "text": "${
+      this.text
+    }", "fontFamily": "${this.fontFamily}" }>`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the dimension and the zoom level needed to create a cache canvas
+   * big enough to host the object to be cached.
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} dim.x width of object to be cached
+   * @param {Object} dim.y height of object to be cached
+   * @return {Object}.width width of canvas
+   * @return {Object}.height height of canvas
+   * @return {Object}.zoomX zoomX zoom value to unscale the canvas before drawing cache
+   * @return {Object}.zoomY zoomY zoom value to unscale the canvas before drawing cache
+   */
+  _getCacheCanvasDimensions(): TCacheCanvasDimensions {
+    const dims = super._getCacheCanvasDimensions();
+    const fontSize = this.fontSize;
+    dims.width += fontSize * dims.zoomX;
+    dims.height += fontSize * dims.zoomY;
+    return dims;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    const path = this.path;
+    path && !path.isNotVisible() && path._render(ctx);
+    this._setTextStyles(ctx);
+    this._renderTextLinesBackground(ctx);
+    this._renderTextDecoration(ctx, 'underline');
+    this._renderText(ctx);
+    this._renderTextDecoration(ctx, 'overline');
+    this._renderTextDecoration(ctx, 'linethrough');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _renderText(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (this.paintFirst === 'stroke') {
+      this._renderTextStroke(ctx);
+      this._renderTextFill(ctx);
+    } else {
+      this._renderTextFill(ctx);
+      this._renderTextStroke(ctx);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the font parameter of the context with the object properties or with charStyle
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @param {Object} [charStyle] object with font style properties
+   * @param {String} [charStyle.fontFamily] Font Family
+   * @param {Number} [charStyle.fontSize] Font size in pixels. ( without px suffix )
+   * @param {String} [charStyle.fontWeight] Font weight
+   * @param {String} [charStyle.fontStyle] Font style (italic|normal)
+   */
+  _setTextStyles(
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    charStyle?: any,
+    forMeasuring?: boolean
+  ) {
+    ctx.textBaseline = 'alphabetic';
+    if (this.path) {
+      switch (this.pathAlign) {
+        case CENTER:
+          ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
+          break;
+        case 'ascender':
+          ctx.textBaseline = TOP;
+          break;
+        case 'descender':
+          ctx.textBaseline = BOTTOM;
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+    ctx.font = this._getFontDeclaration(charStyle, forMeasuring);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * calculate and return the text Width measuring each line.
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @return {Number} Maximum width of Text object
+   */
+  calcTextWidth(): number {
+    let maxWidth = this.getLineWidth(0);
+
+    for (let i = 1, len = this._textLines.length; i < len; i++) {
+      const currentLineWidth = this.getLineWidth(i);
+      if (currentLineWidth > maxWidth) {
+        maxWidth = currentLineWidth;
+      }
+    }
+    return maxWidth;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} method Method name ("fillText" or "strokeText")
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @param {String} line Text to render
+   * @param {Number} left Left position of text
+   * @param {Number} top Top position of text
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex Index of a line in a text
+   */
+  _renderTextLine(
+    method: 'fillText' | 'strokeText',
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    line: string[],
+    left: number,
+    top: number,
+    lineIndex: number
+  ) {
+    this._renderChars(method, ctx, line, left, top, lineIndex);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Renders the text background for lines, taking care of style
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _renderTextLinesBackground(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (!this.textBackgroundColor && !this.styleHas('textBackgroundColor')) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const originalFill = ctx.fillStyle,
+      leftOffset = this._getLeftOffset();
+    let lineTopOffset = this._getTopOffset();
+
+    for (let i = 0, len = this._textLines.length; i < len; i++) {
+      const heightOfLine = this.getHeightOfLine(i);
+      if (
+        !this.textBackgroundColor &&
+        !this.styleHas('textBackgroundColor', i)
+      ) {
+        lineTopOffset += heightOfLine;
+        continue;
+      }
+      const jlen = this._textLines[i].length;
+      const lineLeftOffset = this._getLineLeftOffset(i);
+      let boxWidth = 0;
+      let boxStart = 0;
+      let drawStart;
+      let currentColor;
+      let lastColor = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(i, 0, 'textBackgroundColor');
+      for (let j = 0; j < jlen; j++) {
+        // at this point charbox are either standard or full with pathInfo if there is a path.
+        const charBox = this.__charBounds[i][j] as Required<GraphemeBBox>;
+        currentColor = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(i, j, 'textBackgroundColor');
+        if (this.path) {
+          ctx.save();
+          ctx.translate(charBox.renderLeft, charBox.renderTop);
+          ctx.rotate(charBox.angle);
+          ctx.fillStyle = currentColor;
+          currentColor &&
+            ctx.fillRect(
+              -charBox.width / 2,
+              (-heightOfLine / this.lineHeight) * (1 - this._fontSizeFraction),
+              charBox.width,
+              heightOfLine / this.lineHeight
+            );
+          ctx.restore();
+        } else if (currentColor !== lastColor) {
+          drawStart = leftOffset + lineLeftOffset + boxStart;
+          if (this.direction === 'rtl') {
+            drawStart = this.width - drawStart - boxWidth;
+          }
+          ctx.fillStyle = lastColor;
+          lastColor &&
+            ctx.fillRect(
+              drawStart,
+              lineTopOffset,
+              boxWidth,
+              heightOfLine / this.lineHeight
+            );
+          boxStart = charBox.left;
+          boxWidth = charBox.width;
+          lastColor = currentColor;
+        } else {
+          boxWidth += charBox.kernedWidth;
+        }
+      }
+      if (currentColor && !this.path) {
+        drawStart = leftOffset + lineLeftOffset + boxStart;
+        if (this.direction === 'rtl') {
+          drawStart = this.width - drawStart - boxWidth;
+        }
+        ctx.fillStyle = currentColor;
+        ctx.fillRect(
+          drawStart,
+          lineTopOffset,
+          boxWidth,
+          heightOfLine / this.lineHeight
+        );
+      }
+      lineTopOffset += heightOfLine;
+    }
+    ctx.fillStyle = originalFill;
+    // if there is text background color no
+    // other shadows should be casted
+    this._removeShadow(ctx);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * measure and return the width of a single character.
+   * possibly overridden to accommodate different measure logic or
+   * to hook some external lib for character measurement
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} _char, char to be measured
+   * @param {Object} charStyle style of char to be measured
+   * @param {String} [previousChar] previous char
+   * @param {Object} [prevCharStyle] style of previous char
+   */
+  _measureChar(
+    _char: string,
+    charStyle: CompleteTextStyleDeclaration,
+    previousChar: string | undefined,
+    prevCharStyle: CompleteTextStyleDeclaration | Record<string, never>
+  ) {
+    const fontCache = cache.getFontCache(charStyle),
+      fontDeclaration = this._getFontDeclaration(charStyle),
+      previousFontDeclaration = this._getFontDeclaration(prevCharStyle),
+      couple = previousChar + _char,
+      stylesAreEqual = fontDeclaration === previousFontDeclaration,
+      fontMultiplier = charStyle.fontSize / this.CACHE_FONT_SIZE;
+    let width: number | undefined,
+      coupleWidth: number | undefined,
+      previousWidth: number | undefined,
+      kernedWidth: number | undefined;
+
+    if (previousChar && fontCache[previousChar] !== undefined) {
+      previousWidth = fontCache[previousChar];
+    }
+    if (fontCache[_char] !== undefined) {
+      kernedWidth = width = fontCache[_char];
+    }
+    if (stylesAreEqual && fontCache[couple] !== undefined) {
+      coupleWidth = fontCache[couple];
+      kernedWidth = coupleWidth - previousWidth!;
+    }
+    if (
+      width === undefined ||
+      previousWidth === undefined ||
+      coupleWidth === undefined
+    ) {
+      const ctx = getMeasuringContext()!;
+      // send a TRUE to specify measuring font size CACHE_FONT_SIZE
+      this._setTextStyles(ctx, charStyle, true);
+      if (width === undefined) {
+        kernedWidth = width = ctx.measureText(_char).width;
+        fontCache[_char] = width;
+      }
+      if (previousWidth === undefined && stylesAreEqual && previousChar) {
+        previousWidth = ctx.measureText(previousChar).width;
+        fontCache[previousChar] = previousWidth;
+      }
+      if (stylesAreEqual && coupleWidth === undefined) {
+        // we can measure the kerning couple and subtract the width of the previous character
+        coupleWidth = ctx.measureText(couple).width;
+        fontCache[couple] = coupleWidth;
+        // safe to use the non-null since if undefined we defined it before.
+        kernedWidth = coupleWidth - previousWidth!;
+      }
+    }
+    return {
+      width: width * fontMultiplier,
+      kernedWidth: kernedWidth! * fontMultiplier,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Computes height of character at given position
+   * @param {Number} line the line index number
+   * @param {Number} _char the character index number
+   * @return {Number} fontSize of the character
+   */
+  getHeightOfChar(line: number, _char: number): number {
+    return this.getValueOfPropertyAt(line, _char, 'fontSize');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * measure a text line measuring all characters.
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex line number
+   */
+  measureLine(lineIndex: number) {
+    const lineInfo = this._measureLine(lineIndex);
+    if (this.charSpacing !== 0) {
+      lineInfo.width -= this._getWidthOfCharSpacing();
+    }
+    if (lineInfo.width < 0) {
+      lineInfo.width = 0;
+    }
+    return lineInfo;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * measure every grapheme of a line, populating __charBounds
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex
+   * @return {Object} object.width total width of characters
+   * @return {Object} object.numOfSpaces length of chars that match this._reSpacesAndTabs
+   */
+  _measureLine(lineIndex: number) {
+    let width = 0,
+      prevGrapheme: string | undefined,
+      graphemeInfo: GraphemeBBox | undefined;
+
+    const reverse = this.pathSide === RIGHT,
+      path = this.path,
+      line = this._textLines[lineIndex],
+      llength = line.length,
+      lineBounds = new Array<GraphemeBBox>(llength);
+
+    this.__charBounds[lineIndex] = lineBounds;
+    for (let i = 0; i < llength; i++) {
+      const grapheme = line[i];
+      graphemeInfo = this._getGraphemeBox(grapheme, lineIndex, i, prevGrapheme);
+      lineBounds[i] = graphemeInfo;
+      width += graphemeInfo.kernedWidth;
+      prevGrapheme = grapheme;
+    }
+    // this latest bound box represent the last character of the line
+    // to simplify cursor handling in interactive mode.
+    lineBounds[llength] = {
+      left: graphemeInfo ? graphemeInfo.left + graphemeInfo.width : 0,
+      width: 0,
+      kernedWidth: 0,
+      height: this.fontSize,
+      deltaY: 0,
+    } as GraphemeBBox;
+    if (path && path.segmentsInfo) {
+      let positionInPath = 0;
+      const totalPathLength =
+        path.segmentsInfo[path.segmentsInfo.length - 1].length;
+      const startingPoint = getPointOnPath(path.path, 0, path.segmentsInfo)!;
+      startingPoint.x += path.pathOffset.x;
+      startingPoint.y += path.pathOffset.y;
+      switch (this.textAlign) {
+        case LEFT:
+          positionInPath = reverse ? totalPathLength - width : 0;
+          break;
+        case CENTER:
+          positionInPath = (totalPathLength - width) / 2;
+          break;
+        case RIGHT:
+          positionInPath = reverse ? 0 : totalPathLength - width;
+          break;
+        //todo - add support for justify
+      }
+      positionInPath += this.pathStartOffset * (reverse ? -1 : 1);
+      for (
+        let i = reverse ? llength - 1 : 0;
+        reverse ? i >= 0 : i < llength;
+        reverse ? i-- : i++
+      ) {
+        graphemeInfo = lineBounds[i];
+        if (positionInPath > totalPathLength) {
+          positionInPath %= totalPathLength;
+        } else if (positionInPath < 0) {
+          positionInPath += totalPathLength;
+        }
+        // it would probably much faster to send all the grapheme position for a line
+        // and calculate path position/angle at once.
+        this._setGraphemeOnPath(positionInPath, graphemeInfo, startingPoint!);
+        positionInPath += graphemeInfo.kernedWidth;
+      }
+    }
+    return { width: width, numOfSpaces: 0 };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate the angle  and the left,top position of the char that follow a path.
+   * It appends it to graphemeInfo to be reused later at rendering
+   * @private
+   * @param {Number} positionInPath to be measured
+   * @param {GraphemeBBox} graphemeInfo current grapheme box information
+   * @param {Object} startingPoint position of the point
+   */
+  _setGraphemeOnPath(
+    positionInPath: number,
+    graphemeInfo: GraphemeBBox,
+    startingPoint: XY
+  ) {
+    const centerPosition = positionInPath + graphemeInfo.kernedWidth / 2,
+      path = this.path!;
+
+    // we are at currentPositionOnPath. we want to know what point on the path is.
+    const info = getPointOnPath(path.path, centerPosition, path.segmentsInfo)!;
+    graphemeInfo.renderLeft = info.x - startingPoint.x;
+    graphemeInfo.renderTop = info.y - startingPoint.y;
+    graphemeInfo.angle = info.angle + (this.pathSide === RIGHT ? Math.PI : 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param {String} grapheme to be measured
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex index of the line where the char is
+   * @param {Number} charIndex position in the line
+   * @param {String} [prevGrapheme] character preceding the one to be measured
+   * @returns {GraphemeBBox} grapheme bbox
+   */
+  _getGraphemeBox(
+    grapheme: string,
+    lineIndex: number,
+    charIndex: number,
+    prevGrapheme?: string,
+    skipLeft?: boolean
+  ): GraphemeBBox {
+    const style = this.getCompleteStyleDeclaration(lineIndex, charIndex),
+      prevStyle = prevGrapheme
+        ? this.getCompleteStyleDeclaration(lineIndex, charIndex - 1)
+        : {},
+      info = this._measureChar(grapheme, style, prevGrapheme, prevStyle);
+    let kernedWidth = info.kernedWidth,
+      width = info.width,
+      charSpacing;
+
+    if (this.charSpacing !== 0) {
+      charSpacing = this._getWidthOfCharSpacing();
+      width += charSpacing;
+      kernedWidth += charSpacing;
+    }
+
+    const box: GraphemeBBox = {
+      width,
+      left: 0,
+      height: style.fontSize,
+      kernedWidth,
+      deltaY: style.deltaY,
+    };
+    if (charIndex > 0 && !skipLeft) {
+      const previousBox = this.__charBounds[lineIndex][charIndex - 1];
+      box.left =
+        previousBox.left + previousBox.width + info.kernedWidth - info.width;
+    }
+    return box;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate height of line at 'lineIndex'
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex index of line to calculate
+   * @return {Number}
+   */
+  getHeightOfLine(lineIndex: number): number {
+    if (this.__lineHeights[lineIndex]) {
+      return this.__lineHeights[lineIndex];
+    }
+
+    // char 0 is measured before the line cycle because it needs to char
+    // emptylines
+    let maxHeight = this.getHeightOfChar(lineIndex, 0);
+    for (let i = 1, len = this._textLines[lineIndex].length; i < len; i++) {
+      maxHeight = Math.max(this.getHeightOfChar(lineIndex, i), maxHeight);
+    }
+
+    return (this.__lineHeights[lineIndex] =
+      maxHeight * this.lineHeight * this._fontSizeMult);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculate text box height
+   */
+  calcTextHeight() {
+    let lineHeight,
+      height = 0;
+    for (let i = 0, len = this._textLines.length; i < len; i++) {
+      lineHeight = this.getHeightOfLine(i);
+      height += i === len - 1 ? lineHeight / this.lineHeight : lineHeight;
+    }
+    return height;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @return {Number} Left offset
+   */
+  _getLeftOffset(): number {
+    return this.direction === 'ltr' ? -this.width / 2 : this.width / 2;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @return {Number} Top offset
+   */
+  _getTopOffset(): number {
+    return -this.height / 2;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @param {String} method Method name ("fillText" or "strokeText")
+   */
+  _renderTextCommon(
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    method: 'fillText' | 'strokeText'
+  ) {
+    ctx.save();
+    let lineHeights = 0;
+    const left = this._getLeftOffset(),
+      top = this._getTopOffset();
+    for (let i = 0, len = this._textLines.length; i < len; i++) {
+      const heightOfLine = this.getHeightOfLine(i),
+        maxHeight = heightOfLine / this.lineHeight,
+        leftOffset = this._getLineLeftOffset(i);
+      this._renderTextLine(
+        method,
+        ctx,
+        this._textLines[i],
+        left + leftOffset,
+        top + lineHeights + maxHeight,
+        i
+      );
+      lineHeights += heightOfLine;
+    }
+    ctx.restore();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _renderTextFill(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (!this.fill && !this.styleHas('fill')) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this._renderTextCommon(ctx, 'fillText');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _renderTextStroke(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if ((!this.stroke || this.strokeWidth === 0) && this.isEmptyStyles()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.shadow && !this.shadow.affectStroke) {
+      this._removeShadow(ctx);
+    }
+
+    ctx.save();
+    this._setLineDash(ctx, this.strokeDashArray);
+    ctx.beginPath();
+    this._renderTextCommon(ctx, 'strokeText');
+    ctx.closePath();
+    ctx.restore();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} method fillText or strokeText.
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @param {Array} line Content of the line, splitted in an array by grapheme
+   * @param {Number} left
+   * @param {Number} top
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex
+   */
+  _renderChars(
+    method: 'fillText' | 'strokeText',
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    line: Array<any>,
+    left: number,
+    top: number,
+    lineIndex: number
+  ) {
+    const lineHeight = this.getHeightOfLine(lineIndex),
+      isJustify = this.textAlign.includes(JUSTIFY),
+      path = this.path,
+      shortCut =
+        !isJustify &&
+        this.charSpacing === 0 &&
+        this.isEmptyStyles(lineIndex) &&
+        !path,
+      isLtr = this.direction === 'ltr',
+      sign = this.direction === 'ltr' ? 1 : -1,
+      // this was changed in the PR #7674
+      // currentDirection = ctx.canvas.getAttribute('dir');
+      currentDirection = ctx.direction;
+
+    let actualStyle,
+      nextStyle,
+      charsToRender = '',
+      charBox,
+      boxWidth = 0,
+      timeToRender,
+      drawingLeft;
+
+    ctx.save();
+    if (currentDirection !== this.direction) {
+      ctx.canvas.setAttribute('dir', isLtr ? 'ltr' : 'rtl');
+      ctx.direction = isLtr ? 'ltr' : 'rtl';
+      ctx.textAlign = isLtr ? LEFT : RIGHT;
+    }
+    top -= (lineHeight * this._fontSizeFraction) / this.lineHeight;
+    if (shortCut) {
+      // render all the line in one pass without checking
+      // drawingLeft = isLtr ? left : left - this.getLineWidth(lineIndex);
+      this._renderChar(method, ctx, lineIndex, 0, line.join(''), left, top);
+      ctx.restore();
+      return;
+    }
+    for (let i = 0, len = line.length - 1; i <= len; i++) {
+      timeToRender = i === len || this.charSpacing || path;
+      charsToRender += line[i];
+      charBox = this.__charBounds[lineIndex][i] as Required<GraphemeBBox>;
+      if (boxWidth === 0) {
+        left += sign * (charBox.kernedWidth - charBox.width);
+        boxWidth += charBox.width;
+      } else {
+        boxWidth += charBox.kernedWidth;
+      }
+      if (isJustify && !timeToRender) {
+        if (this._reSpaceAndTab.test(line[i])) {
+          timeToRender = true;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!timeToRender) {
+        // if we have charSpacing, we render char by char
+        actualStyle =
+          actualStyle || this.getCompleteStyleDeclaration(lineIndex, i);
+        nextStyle = this.getCompleteStyleDeclaration(lineIndex, i + 1);
+        timeToRender = hasStyleChanged(actualStyle, nextStyle, false);
+      }
+      if (timeToRender) {
+        if (path) {
+          ctx.save();
+          ctx.translate(charBox.renderLeft, charBox.renderTop);
+          ctx.rotate(charBox.angle);
+          this._renderChar(
+            method,
+            ctx,
+            lineIndex,
+            i,
+            charsToRender,
+            -boxWidth / 2,
+            0
+          );
+          ctx.restore();
+        } else {
+          drawingLeft = left;
+          this._renderChar(
+            method,
+            ctx,
+            lineIndex,
+            i,
+            charsToRender,
+            drawingLeft,
+            top
+          );
+        }
+        charsToRender = '';
+        actualStyle = nextStyle;
+        left += sign * boxWidth;
+        boxWidth = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    ctx.restore();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function try to patch the missing gradientTransform on canvas gradients.
+   * transforming a context to transform the gradient, is going to transform the stroke too.
+   * we want to transform the gradient but not the stroke operation, so we create
+   * a transformed gradient on a pattern and then we use the pattern instead of the gradient.
+   * this method has drawbacks: is slow, is in low resolution, needs a patch for when the size
+   * is limited.
+   * @private
+   * @param {TFiller} filler a fabric gradient instance
+   * @return {CanvasPattern} a pattern to use as fill/stroke style
+   */
+  _applyPatternGradientTransformText(filler: TFiller) {
+    const pCanvas = createCanvasElement(),
+      // TODO: verify compatibility with strokeUniform
+      width = this.width + this.strokeWidth,
+      height = this.height + this.strokeWidth,
+      pCtx = pCanvas.getContext('2d')!;
+    pCanvas.width = width;
+    pCanvas.height = height;
+    pCtx.beginPath();
+    pCtx.moveTo(0, 0);
+    pCtx.lineTo(width, 0);
+    pCtx.lineTo(width, height);
+    pCtx.lineTo(0, height);
+    pCtx.closePath();
+    pCtx.translate(width / 2, height / 2);
+    pCtx.fillStyle = filler.toLive(pCtx)!;
+    this._applyPatternGradientTransform(pCtx, filler);
+    pCtx.fill();
+    return pCtx.createPattern(pCanvas, 'no-repeat')!;
+  }
+
+  handleFiller<T extends 'fill' | 'stroke'>(
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    property: `${T}Style`,
+    filler: TFiller | string
+  ): { offsetX: number; offsetY: number } {
+    let offsetX: number, offsetY: number;
+    if (isFiller(filler)) {
+      if (
+        (filler as Gradient<'linear'>).gradientUnits === 'percentage' ||
+        (filler as Gradient<'linear'>).gradientTransform ||
+        (filler as Pattern).patternTransform
+      ) {
+        // need to transform gradient in a pattern.
+        // this is a slow process. If you are hitting this codepath, and the object
+        // is not using caching, you should consider switching it on.
+        // we need a canvas as big as the current object caching canvas.
+        offsetX = -this.width / 2;
+        offsetY = -this.height / 2;
+        ctx.translate(offsetX, offsetY);
+        ctx[property] = this._applyPatternGradientTransformText(filler);
+        return { offsetX, offsetY };
+      } else {
+        // is a simple gradient or pattern
+        ctx[property] = filler.toLive(ctx)!;
+        return this._applyPatternGradientTransform(ctx, filler);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // is a color
+      ctx[property] = filler;
+    }
+    return { offsetX: 0, offsetY: 0 };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function prepare the canvas for a stroke style, and stroke and strokeWidth
+   * need to be sent in as defined
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx
+   * @param {CompleteTextStyleDeclaration} style with stroke and strokeWidth defined
+   * @returns
+   */
+  _setStrokeStyles(
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    {
+      stroke,
+      strokeWidth,
+    }: Pick<CompleteTextStyleDeclaration, 'stroke' | 'strokeWidth'>
+  ) {
+    ctx.lineWidth = strokeWidth;
+    ctx.lineCap = this.strokeLineCap;
+    ctx.lineDashOffset = this.strokeDashOffset;
+    ctx.lineJoin = this.strokeLineJoin;
+    ctx.miterLimit = this.strokeMiterLimit;
+    return this.handleFiller(ctx, 'strokeStyle', stroke!);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function prepare the canvas for a ill style, and fill
+   * need to be sent in as defined
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx
+   * @param {CompleteTextStyleDeclaration} style with ill defined
+   * @returns
+   */
+  _setFillStyles(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, { fill }: Pick<this, 'fill'>) {
+    return this.handleFiller(ctx, 'fillStyle', fill!);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {String} method
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex
+   * @param {Number} charIndex
+   * @param {String} _char
+   * @param {Number} left Left coordinate
+   * @param {Number} top Top coordinate
+   * @param {Number} lineHeight Height of the line
+   */
+  _renderChar(
+    method: 'fillText' | 'strokeText',
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    lineIndex: number,
+    charIndex: number,
+    _char: string,
+    left: number,
+    top: number
+  ) {
+    const decl = this._getStyleDeclaration(lineIndex, charIndex),
+      fullDecl = this.getCompleteStyleDeclaration(lineIndex, charIndex),
+      shouldFill = method === 'fillText' && fullDecl.fill,
+      shouldStroke =
+        method === 'strokeText' && fullDecl.stroke && fullDecl.strokeWidth;
+
+    if (!shouldStroke && !shouldFill) {
+      return;
+    }
+    ctx.save();
+
+    ctx.font = this._getFontDeclaration(fullDecl);
+
+    if (decl.textBackgroundColor) {
+      this._removeShadow(ctx);
+    }
+    if (decl.deltaY) {
+      top += decl.deltaY;
+    }
+
+    if (shouldFill) {
+      const fillOffsets = this._setFillStyles(ctx, fullDecl);
+      ctx.fillText(
+        _char,
+        left - fillOffsets.offsetX,
+        top - fillOffsets.offsetY
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (shouldStroke) {
+      const strokeOffsets = this._setStrokeStyles(ctx, fullDecl);
+      ctx.strokeText(
+        _char,
+        left - strokeOffsets.offsetX,
+        top - strokeOffsets.offsetY
+      );
+    }
+
+    ctx.restore();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Turns the character into a 'superior figure' (i.e. 'superscript')
+   * @param {Number} start selection start
+   * @param {Number} end selection end
+   */
+  setSuperscript(start: number, end: number) {
+    this._setScript(start, end, this.superscript);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Turns the character into an 'inferior figure' (i.e. 'subscript')
+   * @param {Number} start selection start
+   * @param {Number} end selection end
+   */
+  setSubscript(start: number, end: number) {
+    this._setScript(start, end, this.subscript);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Applies 'schema' at given position
+   * @private
+   * @param {Number} start selection start
+   * @param {Number} end selection end
+   * @param {Number} schema
+   */
+  protected _setScript(
+    start: number,
+    end: number,
+    schema: {
+      size: number;
+      baseline: number;
+    }
+  ) {
+    const loc = this.get2DCursorLocation(start, true),
+      fontSize = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(
+        loc.lineIndex,
+        loc.charIndex,
+        'fontSize'
+      ),
+      dy = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(loc.lineIndex, loc.charIndex, 'deltaY'),
+      style = {
+        fontSize: fontSize * schema.size,
+        deltaY: dy + fontSize * schema.baseline,
+      };
+    this.setSelectionStyles(style, start, end);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex index text line
+   * @return {Number} Line left offset
+   */
+  _getLineLeftOffset(lineIndex: number): number {
+    const lineWidth = this.getLineWidth(lineIndex),
+      lineDiff = this.width - lineWidth,
+      textAlign = this.textAlign,
+      direction = this.direction,
+      isEndOfWrapping = this.isEndOfWrapping(lineIndex);
+    let leftOffset = 0;
+    if (
+      textAlign === JUSTIFY ||
+      (textAlign === JUSTIFY_CENTER && !isEndOfWrapping) ||
+      (textAlign === JUSTIFY_RIGHT && !isEndOfWrapping) ||
+      (textAlign === JUSTIFY_LEFT && !isEndOfWrapping)
+    ) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    if (textAlign === CENTER) {
+      leftOffset = lineDiff / 2;
+    }
+    if (textAlign === RIGHT) {
+      leftOffset = lineDiff;
+    }
+    if (textAlign === JUSTIFY_CENTER) {
+      leftOffset = lineDiff / 2;
+    }
+    if (textAlign === JUSTIFY_RIGHT) {
+      leftOffset = lineDiff;
+    }
+    if (direction === 'rtl') {
+      if (
+        textAlign === RIGHT ||
+        textAlign === JUSTIFY ||
+        textAlign === JUSTIFY_RIGHT
+      ) {
+        leftOffset = 0;
+      } else if (textAlign === LEFT || textAlign === JUSTIFY_LEFT) {
+        leftOffset = -lineDiff;
+      } else if (textAlign === CENTER || textAlign === JUSTIFY_CENTER) {
+        leftOffset = -lineDiff / 2;
+      }
+    }
+    return leftOffset;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   */
+  _clearCache() {
+    this._forceClearCache = false;
+    this.__lineWidths = [];
+    this.__lineHeights = [];
+    this.__charBounds = [];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Measure a single line given its index. Used to calculate the initial
+   * text bounding box. The values are calculated and stored in __lineWidths cache.
+   * @private
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex line number
+   * @return {Number} Line width
+   */
+  getLineWidth(lineIndex: number): number {
+    if (this.__lineWidths[lineIndex] !== undefined) {
+      return this.__lineWidths[lineIndex];
+    }
+
+    const { width } = this.measureLine(lineIndex);
+    this.__lineWidths[lineIndex] = width;
+    return width;
+  }
+
+  _getWidthOfCharSpacing() {
+    if (this.charSpacing !== 0) {
+      return (this.fontSize * this.charSpacing) / 1000;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieves the value of property at given character position
+   * @param {Number} lineIndex the line number
+   * @param {Number} charIndex the character number
+   * @param {String} property the property name
+   * @returns the value of 'property'
+   */
+  getValueOfPropertyAt<T extends StylePropertiesType>(
+    lineIndex: number,
+    charIndex: number,
+    property: T
+  ): this[T] {
+    const charStyle = this._getStyleDeclaration(lineIndex, charIndex);
+    return (charStyle[property] ?? this[property]) as this[T];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _renderTextDecoration(
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    type: 'underline' | 'linethrough' | 'overline'
+  ) {
+    if (!this[type] && !this.styleHas(type)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    let topOffset = this._getTopOffset();
+    const leftOffset = this._getLeftOffset(),
+      path = this.path,
+      charSpacing = this._getWidthOfCharSpacing(),
+      offsetY = this.offsets[type];
+
+    for (let i = 0, len = this._textLines.length; i < len; i++) {
+      const heightOfLine = this.getHeightOfLine(i);
+      if (!this[type] && !this.styleHas(type, i)) {
+        topOffset += heightOfLine;
+        continue;
+      }
+      const line = this._textLines[i];
+      const maxHeight = heightOfLine / this.lineHeight;
+      const lineLeftOffset = this._getLineLeftOffset(i);
+      let boxStart = 0;
+      let boxWidth = 0;
+      let lastDecoration = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(i, 0, type);
+      let lastFill = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(i, 0, 'fill');
+      let currentDecoration;
+      let currentFill;
+      const top = topOffset + maxHeight * (1 - this._fontSizeFraction);
+      let size = this.getHeightOfChar(i, 0);
+      let dy = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(i, 0, 'deltaY');
+      for (let j = 0, jlen = line.length; j < jlen; j++) {
+        const charBox = this.__charBounds[i][j] as Required<GraphemeBBox>;
+        currentDecoration = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(i, j, type);
+        currentFill = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(i, j, 'fill');
+        const currentSize = this.getHeightOfChar(i, j);
+        const currentDy = this.getValueOfPropertyAt(i, j, 'deltaY');
+        if (path && currentDecoration && currentFill) {
+          ctx.save();
+          // bug? verify lastFill is a valid fill here.
+          ctx.fillStyle = lastFill as string;
+          ctx.translate(charBox.renderLeft, charBox.renderTop);
+          ctx.rotate(charBox.angle);
+          ctx.fillRect(
+            -charBox.kernedWidth / 2,
+            offsetY * currentSize + currentDy,
+            charBox.kernedWidth,
+            this.fontSize / 15
+          );
+          ctx.restore();
+        } else if (
+          (currentDecoration !== lastDecoration ||
+            currentFill !== lastFill ||
+            currentSize !== size ||
+            currentDy !== dy) &&
+          boxWidth > 0
+        ) {
+          let drawStart = leftOffset + lineLeftOffset + boxStart;
+          if (this.direction === 'rtl') {
+            drawStart = this.width - drawStart - boxWidth;
+          }
+          if (lastDecoration && lastFill) {
+            // bug? verify lastFill is a valid fill here.
+            ctx.fillStyle = lastFill as string;
+            ctx.fillRect(
+              drawStart,
+              top + offsetY * size + dy,
+              boxWidth,
+              this.fontSize / 15
+            );
+          }
+          boxStart = charBox.left;
+          boxWidth = charBox.width;
+          lastDecoration = currentDecoration;
+          lastFill = currentFill;
+          size = currentSize;
+          dy = currentDy;
+        } else {
+          boxWidth += charBox.kernedWidth;
+        }
+      }
+      let drawStart = leftOffset + lineLeftOffset + boxStart;
+      if (this.direction === 'rtl') {
+        drawStart = this.width - drawStart - boxWidth;
+      }
+      ctx.fillStyle = currentFill as string;
+      currentDecoration &&
+        currentFill &&
+        ctx.fillRect(
+          drawStart,
+          top + offsetY * size + dy,
+          boxWidth - charSpacing,
+          this.fontSize / 15
+        );
+      topOffset += heightOfLine;
+    }
+    // if there is text background color no
+    // other shadows should be casted
+    this._removeShadow(ctx);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * return font declaration string for canvas context
+   * @param {Object} [styleObject] object
+   * @returns {String} font declaration formatted for canvas context.
+   */
+  _getFontDeclaration(
+    styleObject?: TextStyleDeclaration,
+    forMeasuring?: boolean
+  ): string {
+    const style = styleObject || this,
+      family = this.fontFamily,
+      fontIsGeneric = Text.genericFonts.indexOf(family.toLowerCase()) > -1;
+    const fontFamily =
+      family === undefined ||
+      family.indexOf("'") > -1 ||
+      family.indexOf(',') > -1 ||
+      family.indexOf('"') > -1 ||
+      fontIsGeneric
+        ? style.fontFamily
+        : `"${style.fontFamily}"`;
+    return [
+      style.fontStyle,
+      style.fontWeight,
+      forMeasuring ? this.CACHE_FONT_SIZE + 'px' : style.fontSize + 'px',
+      fontFamily,
+    ].join(' ');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Renders text instance on a specified context
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (!this.visible) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (
+      this.canvas &&
+      this.canvas.skipOffscreen &&
+      !this.group &&
+      !this.isOnScreen()
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (this._forceClearCache) {
+      this.initDimensions();
+    }
+    super.render(ctx);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Override this method to customize grapheme splitting
+   * @todo the util `graphemeSplit` needs to be injectable in some way.
+   * is more comfortable to inject the correct util rather than having to override text
+   * in the middle of the prototype chain
+   * @param {string} value
+   * @returns {string[]} array of graphemes
+   */
+  graphemeSplit(value: string): string[] {
+    return graphemeSplit(value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the text as an array of lines.
+   * @param {String} text text to split
+   * @returns  Lines in the text
+   */
+  _splitTextIntoLines(text: string) {
+    const lines = text.split(this._reNewline),
+      newLines = new Array<string[]>(lines.length),
+      newLine = ['\n'];
+    let newText: string[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+      newLines[i] = this.graphemeSplit(lines[i]);
+      newText = newText.concat(newLines[i], newLine);
+    }
+    newText.pop();
+    return {
+      _unwrappedLines: newLines,
+      lines: lines,
+      graphemeText: newText,
+      graphemeLines: newLines,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns object representation of an instance
+   * @param {Array} [propertiesToInclude] Any properties that you might want to additionally include in the output
+   * @return {Object} Object representation of an instance
+   */
+  toObject<
+    T extends Omit<Props & TClassProperties<this>, keyof SProps>,
+    K extends keyof T = never
+  >(propertiesToInclude: K[] = []): Pick<T, K> & SProps {
+    return {
+      ...super.toObject([...additionalProps, ...propertiesToInclude]),
+      styles: stylesToArray(this.styles, this.text),
+      ...(this.path ? { path: this.path.toObject() } : {}),
+    };
+  }
+
+  set(key: string | any, value?: any) {
+    const { textLayoutProperties } = this.constructor as typeof Text;
+    super.set(key, value);
+    let needsDims = false;
+    let isAddingPath = false;
+    if (typeof key === 'object') {
+      for (const _key in key) {
+        if (_key === 'path') {
+          this.setPathInfo();
+        }
+        needsDims = needsDims || textLayoutProperties.includes(_key);
+        isAddingPath = isAddingPath || _key === 'path';
+      }
+    } else {
+      needsDims = textLayoutProperties.includes(key);
+      isAddingPath = key === 'path';
+    }
+    if (isAddingPath) {
+      this.setPathInfo();
+    }
+    if (needsDims && this.initialized) {
+      this.initDimensions();
+      this.setCoords();
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns complexity of an instance
+   * @return {Number} complexity
+   */
+  complexity(): number {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  static genericFonts = [
+    'sans-serif',
+    'serif',
+    'cursive',
+    'fantasy',
+    'monospace',
+  ];
+
+  /* _FROM_SVG_START_ */
+
+  /**
+   * List of attribute names to account for when parsing SVG element (used by {@link Text.fromElement})
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf Text
+   * @see: http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/text.html#TextElement
+   */
+  static ATTRIBUTE_NAMES = SHARED_ATTRIBUTES.concat(
+    'x',
+    'y',
+    'dx',
+    'dy',
+    'font-family',
+    'font-style',
+    'font-weight',
+    'font-size',
+    'letter-spacing',
+    'text-decoration',
+    'text-anchor'
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Returns Text instance from an SVG element (<b>not yet implemented</b>)
+   * @static
+   * @memberOf Text
+   * @param {SVGElement} element Element to parse
+   * @param {Object} [options] Options object
+   */
+  static async fromElement(element: SVGElement, options: object) {
+    const parsedAttributes = parseAttributes(element, Text.ATTRIBUTE_NAMES);
+
+    const {
+      textAnchor = LEFT as typeof LEFT | typeof CENTER | typeof RIGHT,
+      textDecoration = '',
+      dx = 0,
+      dy = 0,
+      top = 0,
+      left = 0,
+      fontSize = DEFAULT_SVG_FONT_SIZE,
+      strokeWidth = 1,
+      ...restOfOptions
+    } = { ...options, ...parsedAttributes };
+
+    const textContent = (element.textContent || '')
+      .replace(/^\s+|\s+$|\n+/g, '')
+      .replace(/\s+/g, ' ');
+
+    // this code here is probably the usual issue for SVG center find
+    // this can later looked at again and probably removed.
+
+    const text = new this(textContent, {
+        left: left + dx,
+        top: top + dy,
+        underline: textDecoration.includes('underline'),
+        overline: textDecoration.includes('overline'),
+        linethrough: textDecoration.includes('line-through'),
+        // we initialize this as 0
+        strokeWidth: 0,
+        fontSize,
+        ...restOfOptions,
+      }),
+      textHeightScaleFactor = text.getScaledHeight() / text.height,
+      lineHeightDiff =
+        (text.height + text.strokeWidth) * text.lineHeight - text.height,
+      scaledDiff = lineHeightDiff * textHeightScaleFactor,
+      textHeight = text.getScaledHeight() + scaledDiff;
+
+    let offX = 0;
+    /*
+      Adjust positioning:
+        x/y attributes in SVG correspond to the bottom-left corner of text bounding box
+        fabric output by default at top, left.
+    */
+    if (textAnchor === CENTER) {
+      offX = text.getScaledWidth() / 2;
+    }
+    if (textAnchor === RIGHT) {
+      offX = text.getScaledWidth();
+    }
+    text.set({
+      left: text.left - offX,
+      top:
+        text.top -
+        (textHeight - text.fontSize * (0.07 + text._fontSizeFraction)) /
+          text.lineHeight,
+      strokeWidth,
+    });
+    return text;
+  }
+
+  /* _FROM_SVG_END_ */
+
+  /**
+   * Returns Text instance from an object representation
+   * @param {Object} object plain js Object to create an instance from
+   * @returns {Promise<Text>}
+   */
+  static fromObject<T extends TProps<SerializedTextProps>>(object: T) {
+    return this._fromObject<Text>(
+      {
+        ...object,
+        styles: stylesFromArray(object.styles || {}, object.text),
+      },
+      {
+        extraParam: 'text',
+      }
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+applyMixins(Text, [TextSVGExportMixin]);
+classRegistry.setClass(Text);
+classRegistry.setSVGClass(Text);