fabric 5.3.0 → 6.0.0-beta10

package/src/shapes/Object/Object.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,1589 @@
+import { cache } from '../../cache';
+import { config } from '../../config';
+import {
+  ALIASING_LIMIT,
+  CENTER,
+  iMatrix,
+  LEFT,
+  TOP,
+  VERSION,
+} from '../../constants';
+import type { ObjectEvents } from '../../EventTypeDefs';
+import { AnimatableObject } from './AnimatableObject';
+import { Point } from '../../Point';
+import { Shadow } from '../../Shadow';
+import type {
+  TDegree,
+  TFiller,
+  TSize,
+  TCacheCanvasDimensions,
+  Abortable,
+} from '../../typedefs';
+import { classRegistry } from '../../ClassRegistry';
+import { runningAnimations } from '../../util/animation/AnimationRegistry';
+import { cloneDeep } from '../../util/internals/cloneDeep';
+import { capValue } from '../../util/misc/capValue';
+import { createCanvasElement, toDataURL } from '../../util/misc/dom';
+import { invertTransform, qrDecompose } from '../../util/misc/matrix';
+import { enlivenObjectEnlivables } from '../../util/misc/objectEnlive';
+import {
+  resetObjectTransform,
+  saveObjectTransform,
+} from '../../util/misc/objectTransforms';
+import { sendObjectToPlane } from '../../util/misc/planeChange';
+import { pick, pickBy } from '../../util/misc/pick';
+import { toFixed } from '../../util/misc/toFixed';
+import type { Group } from '../Group';
+import { StaticCanvas } from '../../canvas/StaticCanvas';
+import {
+  isFiller,
+  isSerializableFiller,
+  isTextObject,
+} from '../../util/typeAssertions';
+import type { Image } from '../Image';
+import {
+  cacheProperties,
+  fabricObjectDefaultValues,
+  stateProperties,
+} from './defaultValues';
+import type { Gradient } from '../../gradient/Gradient';
+import type { Pattern } from '../../Pattern';
+import type { Canvas } from '../../canvas/Canvas';
+import type { SerializedObjectProps } from './types/SerializedObjectProps';
+import type { ObjectProps } from './types/ObjectProps';
+import type { TProps } from './types';
+import { getEnv } from '../../env';
+
+export type TCachedFabricObject = FabricObject &
+  Required<
+    Pick<
+      FabricObject,
+      | 'zoomX'
+      | 'zoomY'
+      | '_cacheCanvas'
+      | '_cacheContext'
+      | 'cacheTranslationX'
+      | 'cacheTranslationY'
+    >
+  > & {
+    _cacheContext: CanvasRenderingContext2D;
+  };
+
+/**
+ * Root object class from which all 2d shape classes inherit from
+ * @tutorial {@link http://fabricjs.com/fabric-intro-part-1#objects}
+ *
+ * @fires added
+ * @fires removed
+ *
+ * @fires selected
+ * @fires deselected
+ *
+ * @fires rotating
+ * @fires scaling
+ * @fires moving
+ * @fires skewing
+ * @fires modified
+ *
+ * @fires mousedown
+ * @fires mouseup
+ * @fires mouseover
+ * @fires mouseout
+ * @fires mousewheel
+ * @fires mousedblclick
+ *
+ * @fires dragover
+ * @fires dragenter
+ * @fires dragleave
+ * @fires drop
+ */
+export class FabricObject<
+    Props extends TProps<ObjectProps> = Partial<ObjectProps>,
+    SProps extends SerializedObjectProps = SerializedObjectProps,
+    EventSpec extends ObjectEvents = ObjectEvents
+  >
+  extends AnimatableObject<EventSpec>
+  implements ObjectProps
+{
+  declare minScaleLimit: number;
+
+  declare opacity: number;
+
+  declare paintFirst: 'fill' | 'stroke';
+  declare fill: string | TFiller | null;
+  declare fillRule: CanvasFillRule;
+  declare stroke: string | TFiller | null;
+  declare strokeDashArray: number[] | null;
+  declare strokeDashOffset: number;
+  declare strokeLineCap: CanvasLineCap;
+  declare strokeLineJoin: CanvasLineJoin;
+  declare strokeMiterLimit: number;
+
+  declare globalCompositeOperation: GlobalCompositeOperation;
+  declare backgroundColor: string;
+
+  declare shadow: Shadow | null;
+
+  declare visible: boolean;
+
+  declare includeDefaultValues: boolean;
+  declare excludeFromExport: boolean;
+
+  declare objectCaching: boolean;
+
+  declare clipPath?: FabricObject;
+  declare inverted: boolean;
+  declare absolutePositioned: boolean;
+  declare centeredRotation: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * This list of properties is used to check if the state of an object is changed.
+   * This state change now is only used for children of groups to understand if a group
+   * needs its cache regenerated during a .set call
+   * @type Array
+   */
+  static stateProperties: string[] = stateProperties;
+
+  /**
+   * List of properties to consider when checking if cache needs refresh
+   * Those properties are checked by
+   * calls to Object.set(key, value). If the key is in this list, the object is marked as dirty
+   * and refreshed at the next render
+   * @type Array
+   */
+  static cacheProperties: string[] = cacheProperties;
+
+  /**
+   * When set to `true`, object's cache will be rerendered next render call.
+   * since 1.7.0
+   * @type Boolean
+   * @default true
+   */
+  declare dirty: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Quick access for the _cacheCanvas rendering context
+   * This is part of the objectCaching feature
+   * since 1.7.0
+   * @type boolean
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  _cacheContext: CanvasRenderingContext2D | null = null;
+
+  /**
+   * A reference to the HTMLCanvasElement that is used to contain the cache of the object
+   * this canvas element is resized and cleared as needed
+   * Is marked private, you can read it, don't use it since it is handled by fabric
+   * since 1.7.0
+   * @type HTMLCanvasElement
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare _cacheCanvas?: HTMLCanvasElement;
+
+  /**
+   * Size of the cache canvas, width
+   * since 1.7.0
+   * @type number
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare cacheWidth?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * Size of the cache canvas, height
+   * since 1.7.0
+   * @type number
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare cacheHeight?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * zoom level used on the cacheCanvas to draw the cache, X axe
+   * since 1.7.0
+   * @type number
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare zoomX?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * zoom level used on the cacheCanvas to draw the cache, Y axe
+   * since 1.7.0
+   * @type number
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare zoomY?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * zoom level used on the cacheCanvas to draw the cache, Y axe
+   * since 1.7.0
+   * @type number
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare cacheTranslationX?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * translation of the cacheCanvas away from the center, for subpixel accuracy and crispness
+   * since 1.7.0
+   * @type number
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare cacheTranslationY?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * A reference to the parent of the object, usually a Group
+   * @type number
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare group?: Group;
+
+  /**
+   * Indicate if the object is sitting on a cache dedicated to it
+   * or is part of a larger cache for many object ( a group for example)
+   * @type number
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare ownCaching?: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Private. indicates if the object inside a group is on a transformed context or not
+   * or is part of a larger cache for many object ( a group for example)
+   * @type boolean
+   * @default undefined
+   * @private
+   */
+  declare _transformDone?: boolean;
+
+  static ownDefaults: Record<string, any> = fabricObjectDefaultValues;
+
+  static getDefaults(): Record<string, any> {
+    return { ...FabricObject.ownDefaults };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The class type. Used to identify which class this is.
+   * This is used for serialization purposes and internally it can be used
+   * to identify classes. As a developer you could use `instance of Class`
+   * but to avoid importing all the code and blocking tree shaking we try
+   * to avoid doing that.
+   */
+  static type = 'FabricObject';
+
+  /**
+   * Legacy identifier of the class. Prefer using utils like isType or instanceOf
+   * Will be removed in fabric 7 or 8.
+   * The setter exists because is very hard to catch all the ways in which a type value
+   * could be set in the instance
+   * @TODO add sustainable warning message
+   * @type string
+   * @deprecated
+   */
+  get type() {
+    const name = (this.constructor as typeof FabricObject).type;
+    if (name === 'FabricObject') {
+      return 'object';
+    }
+    return name.toLowerCase();
+  }
+
+  set type(value) {
+    console.warn('Setting type has no effect', value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructor
+   * @param {Object} [options] Options object
+   */
+  constructor(options: Props = {} as Props) {
+    super();
+    Object.assign(
+      this,
+      (this.constructor as typeof FabricObject).getDefaults()
+    );
+    this.setOptions(options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a the canvas used to keep the cached copy of the object
+   * @private
+   */
+  _createCacheCanvas() {
+    this._cacheCanvas = createCanvasElement();
+    this._cacheContext = this._cacheCanvas.getContext('2d');
+    this._updateCacheCanvas();
+    // if canvas gets created, is empty, so dirty.
+    this.dirty = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Limit the cache dimensions so that X * Y do not cross config.perfLimitSizeTotal
+   * and each side do not cross fabric.cacheSideLimit
+   * those numbers are configurable so that you can get as much detail as you want
+   * making bargain with performances.
+   * @param {Object} dims
+   * @param {Object} dims.width width of canvas
+   * @param {Object} dims.height height of canvas
+   * @param {Object} dims.zoomX zoomX zoom value to unscale the canvas before drawing cache
+   * @param {Object} dims.zoomY zoomY zoom value to unscale the canvas before drawing cache
+   * @return {Object}.width width of canvas
+   * @return {Object}.height height of canvas
+   * @return {Object}.zoomX zoomX zoom value to unscale the canvas before drawing cache
+   * @return {Object}.zoomY zoomY zoom value to unscale the canvas before drawing cache
+   */
+  _limitCacheSize(
+    dims: TSize & { zoomX: number; zoomY: number; capped: boolean } & any
+  ) {
+    const width = dims.width,
+      height = dims.height,
+      max = config.maxCacheSideLimit,
+      min = config.minCacheSideLimit;
+    if (
+      width <= max &&
+      height <= max &&
+      width * height <= config.perfLimitSizeTotal
+    ) {
+      if (width < min) {
+        dims.width = min;
+      }
+      if (height < min) {
+        dims.height = min;
+      }
+      return dims;
+    }
+    const ar = width / height,
+      [limX, limY] = cache.limitDimsByArea(ar),
+      x = capValue(min, limX, max),
+      y = capValue(min, limY, max);
+    if (width > x) {
+      dims.zoomX /= width / x;
+      dims.width = x;
+      dims.capped = true;
+    }
+    if (height > y) {
+      dims.zoomY /= height / y;
+      dims.height = y;
+      dims.capped = true;
+    }
+    return dims;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the dimension and the zoom level needed to create a cache canvas
+   * big enough to host the object to be cached.
+   * @private
+   * @return {Object}.x width of object to be cached
+   * @return {Object}.y height of object to be cached
+   * @return {Object}.width width of canvas
+   * @return {Object}.height height of canvas
+   * @return {Object}.zoomX zoomX zoom value to unscale the canvas before drawing cache
+   * @return {Object}.zoomY zoomY zoom value to unscale the canvas before drawing cache
+   */
+  _getCacheCanvasDimensions(): TCacheCanvasDimensions {
+    const objectScale = this.getTotalObjectScaling(),
+      // calculate dimensions without skewing
+      dim = this._getTransformedDimensions({ skewX: 0, skewY: 0 }),
+      neededX = (dim.x * objectScale.x) / this.scaleX,
+      neededY = (dim.y * objectScale.y) / this.scaleY;
+    return {
+      // for sure this ALIASING_LIMIT is slightly creating problem
+      // in situation in which the cache canvas gets an upper limit
+      // also objectScale contains already scaleX and scaleY
+      width: neededX + ALIASING_LIMIT,
+      height: neededY + ALIASING_LIMIT,
+      zoomX: objectScale.x,
+      zoomY: objectScale.y,
+      x: neededX,
+      y: neededY,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update width and height of the canvas for cache
+   * returns true or false if canvas needed resize.
+   * @private
+   * @return {Boolean} true if the canvas has been resized
+   */
+  _updateCacheCanvas() {
+    const canvas = this._cacheCanvas,
+      context = this._cacheContext,
+      dims = this._limitCacheSize(this._getCacheCanvasDimensions()),
+      minCacheSize = config.minCacheSideLimit,
+      width = dims.width,
+      height = dims.height,
+      zoomX = dims.zoomX,
+      zoomY = dims.zoomY,
+      dimensionsChanged =
+        width !== this.cacheWidth || height !== this.cacheHeight,
+      zoomChanged = this.zoomX !== zoomX || this.zoomY !== zoomY;
+
+    if (!canvas || !context) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    let drawingWidth,
+      drawingHeight,
+      shouldRedraw = dimensionsChanged || zoomChanged,
+      additionalWidth = 0,
+      additionalHeight = 0,
+      shouldResizeCanvas = false;
+
+    if (dimensionsChanged) {
+      const canvasWidth = (this._cacheCanvas as HTMLCanvasElement).width,
+        canvasHeight = (this._cacheCanvas as HTMLCanvasElement).height,
+        sizeGrowing = width > canvasWidth || height > canvasHeight,
+        sizeShrinking =
+          (width < canvasWidth * 0.9 || height < canvasHeight * 0.9) &&
+          canvasWidth > minCacheSize &&
+          canvasHeight > minCacheSize;
+      shouldResizeCanvas = sizeGrowing || sizeShrinking;
+      if (
+        sizeGrowing &&
+        !dims.capped &&
+        (width > minCacheSize || height > minCacheSize)
+      ) {
+        additionalWidth = width * 0.1;
+        additionalHeight = height * 0.1;
+      }
+    }
+    if (isTextObject(this) && this.path) {
+      shouldRedraw = true;
+      shouldResizeCanvas = true;
+      // IMHO in those lines we are using zoomX and zoomY not the this version.
+      additionalWidth += this.getHeightOfLine(0) * this.zoomX!;
+      additionalHeight += this.getHeightOfLine(0) * this.zoomY!;
+    }
+    if (shouldRedraw) {
+      if (shouldResizeCanvas) {
+        canvas.width = Math.ceil(width + additionalWidth);
+        canvas.height = Math.ceil(height + additionalHeight);
+      } else {
+        context.setTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);
+        context.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
+      }
+      drawingWidth = dims.x / 2;
+      drawingHeight = dims.y / 2;
+      this.cacheTranslationX =
+        Math.round(canvas.width / 2 - drawingWidth) + drawingWidth;
+      this.cacheTranslationY =
+        Math.round(canvas.height / 2 - drawingHeight) + drawingHeight;
+      this.cacheWidth = width;
+      this.cacheHeight = height;
+      context.translate(this.cacheTranslationX, this.cacheTranslationY);
+      context.scale(zoomX, zoomY);
+      this.zoomX = zoomX;
+      this.zoomY = zoomY;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets object's properties from options, for class constructor only.
+   * Needs to be overridden for different defaults.
+   * @protected
+   * @param {Object} [options] Options object
+   */
+  protected setOptions(options: Record<string, any> = {}) {
+    this._setOptions(options);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Transforms context when rendering an object
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context
+   */
+  transform(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    const needFullTransform =
+      (this.group && !this.group._transformDone) ||
+      (this.group && this.canvas && ctx === (this.canvas as Canvas).contextTop);
+    const m = this.calcTransformMatrix(!needFullTransform);
+    ctx.transform(m[0], m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4], m[5]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an object representation of an instance
+   * @param {string[]} [propertiesToInclude] Any properties that you might want to additionally include in the output
+   * @return {Object} Object representation of an instance
+   */
+  protected toObject(propertiesToInclude: any[] = []): any {
+    const NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS = config.NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS,
+      clipPathData =
+        this.clipPath && !this.clipPath.excludeFromExport
+          ? {
+              ...this.clipPath.toObject(propertiesToInclude),
+              inverted: this.clipPath.inverted,
+              absolutePositioned: this.clipPath.absolutePositioned,
+            }
+          : null,
+      object = {
+        ...pick(this, propertiesToInclude as (keyof this)[]),
+        type: (this.constructor as typeof FabricObject).type,
+        version: VERSION,
+        originX: this.originX,
+        originY: this.originY,
+        left: toFixed(this.left, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        top: toFixed(this.top, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        width: toFixed(this.width, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        height: toFixed(this.height, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        fill: isSerializableFiller(this.fill)
+          ? this.fill.toObject()
+          : this.fill,
+        stroke: isSerializableFiller(this.stroke)
+          ? this.stroke.toObject()
+          : this.stroke,
+        strokeWidth: toFixed(this.strokeWidth, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        strokeDashArray: this.strokeDashArray
+          ? this.strokeDashArray.concat()
+          : this.strokeDashArray,
+        strokeLineCap: this.strokeLineCap,
+        strokeDashOffset: this.strokeDashOffset,
+        strokeLineJoin: this.strokeLineJoin,
+        strokeUniform: this.strokeUniform,
+        strokeMiterLimit: toFixed(this.strokeMiterLimit, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        scaleX: toFixed(this.scaleX, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        scaleY: toFixed(this.scaleY, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        angle: toFixed(this.angle, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        flipX: this.flipX,
+        flipY: this.flipY,
+        opacity: toFixed(this.opacity, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        shadow:
+          this.shadow && this.shadow.toObject
+            ? this.shadow.toObject()
+            : this.shadow,
+        visible: this.visible,
+        backgroundColor: this.backgroundColor,
+        fillRule: this.fillRule,
+        paintFirst: this.paintFirst,
+        globalCompositeOperation: this.globalCompositeOperation,
+        skewX: toFixed(this.skewX, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        skewY: toFixed(this.skewY, NUM_FRACTION_DIGITS),
+        ...(clipPathData ? { clipPath: clipPathData } : null),
+      };
+
+    return !this.includeDefaultValues
+      ? this._removeDefaultValues(object)
+      : object;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns (dataless) object representation of an instance
+   * @param {Array} [propertiesToInclude] Any properties that you might want to additionally include in the output
+   * @return {Object} Object representation of an instance
+   */
+  toDatalessObject(propertiesToInclude?: any[]): any {
+    // will be overwritten by subclasses
+    return this.toObject(propertiesToInclude);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {Object} object
+   */
+  _removeDefaultValues<T extends object>(object: T): Partial<T> {
+    // getDefaults() ( get from static ownDefaults ) should win over prototype since anyway they get assigned to instance
+    // ownDefault vs prototype is swappable only if you change all the fabric objects consistently.
+    const defaults = (this.constructor as typeof FabricObject).getDefaults();
+    const hasStaticDefaultValues = Object.keys(defaults).length > 0;
+    const baseValues = hasStaticDefaultValues
+      ? defaults
+      : Object.getPrototypeOf(this);
+
+    return pickBy(object, (value, key) => {
+      if (key === LEFT || key === TOP || key === 'type') {
+        return true;
+      }
+      const baseValue = baseValues[key];
+      return (
+        value !== baseValue &&
+        // basically a check for [] === []
+        !(
+          Array.isArray(value) &&
+          Array.isArray(baseValue) &&
+          value.length === 0 &&
+          baseValue.length === 0
+        )
+      );
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string representation of an instance
+   * @return {String}
+   */
+  toString() {
+    return `#<${(this.constructor as typeof FabricObject).type}>`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the object scale factor counting also the group scaling
+   * @return {Point}
+   */
+  getObjectScaling() {
+    // if the object is a top level one, on the canvas, we go for simple aritmetic
+    // otherwise the complex method with angles will return approximations and decimals
+    // and will likely kill the cache when not needed
+    // https://github.com/fabricjs/fabric.js/issues/7157
+    if (!this.group) {
+      return new Point(Math.abs(this.scaleX), Math.abs(this.scaleY));
+    }
+    // if we are inside a group total zoom calculation is complex, we defer to generic matrices
+    const options = qrDecompose(this.calcTransformMatrix());
+    return new Point(Math.abs(options.scaleX), Math.abs(options.scaleY));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the object scale factor counting also the group scaling, zoom and retina
+   * @return {Object} object with scaleX and scaleY properties
+   */
+  getTotalObjectScaling() {
+    const scale = this.getObjectScaling();
+    if (this.canvas) {
+      const zoom = this.canvas.getZoom();
+      const retina = this.getCanvasRetinaScaling();
+      return scale.scalarMultiply(zoom * retina);
+    }
+    return scale;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the object opacity counting also the group property
+   * @return {Number}
+   */
+  getObjectOpacity() {
+    let opacity = this.opacity;
+    if (this.group) {
+      opacity *= this.group.getObjectOpacity();
+    }
+    return opacity;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Makes sure the scale is valid and modifies it if necessary
+   * @todo: this is a control action issue, not a geometry one
+   * @private
+   * @param {Number} value, unconstrained
+   * @return {Number} constrained value;
+   */
+  _constrainScale(value: number): number {
+    if (Math.abs(value) < this.minScaleLimit) {
+      if (value < 0) {
+        return -this.minScaleLimit;
+      } else {
+        return this.minScaleLimit;
+      }
+    } else if (value === 0) {
+      return 0.0001;
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handles setting values on the instance and handling internal side effects
+   * @protected
+   * @param {String} key
+   * @param {*} value
+   */
+  _set(key: string, value: any) {
+    const isChanged = this[key as keyof this] !== value;
+
+    if (key === 'scaleX' || key === 'scaleY') {
+      value = this._constrainScale(value);
+    }
+    if (key === 'scaleX' && value < 0) {
+      this.flipX = !this.flipX;
+      value *= -1;
+    } else if (key === 'scaleY' && value < 0) {
+      this.flipY = !this.flipY;
+      value *= -1;
+      // i don't like this automatic initialization here
+    } else if (key === 'shadow' && value && !(value instanceof Shadow)) {
+      value = new Shadow(value);
+    } else if (key === 'dirty' && this.group) {
+      this.group.set('dirty', value);
+    }
+
+    this[key as keyof this] = value;
+
+    if (isChanged) {
+      const groupNeedsUpdate = this.group && this.group.isOnACache();
+      if (
+        (this.constructor as typeof FabricObject).cacheProperties.includes(key)
+      ) {
+        this.dirty = true;
+        groupNeedsUpdate && this.group!.set('dirty', true);
+      } else if (
+        groupNeedsUpdate &&
+        (this.constructor as typeof FabricObject).stateProperties.includes(key)
+      ) {
+        this.group!.set('dirty', true);
+      }
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * @private
+   * return if the object would be visible in rendering
+   * @memberOf FabricObject.prototype
+   * @return {Boolean}
+   */
+  isNotVisible() {
+    return (
+      this.opacity === 0 ||
+      (!this.width && !this.height && this.strokeWidth === 0) ||
+      !this.visible
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Renders an object on a specified context
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    // do not render if width/height are zeros or object is not visible
+    if (this.isNotVisible()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    if (
+      this.canvas &&
+      this.canvas.skipOffscreen &&
+      !this.group &&
+      !this.isOnScreen()
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    ctx.save();
+    this._setupCompositeOperation(ctx);
+    this.drawSelectionBackground(ctx);
+    this.transform(ctx);
+    this._setOpacity(ctx);
+    this._setShadow(ctx);
+    if (this.shouldCache()) {
+      this.renderCache();
+      (this as TCachedFabricObject).drawCacheOnCanvas(ctx);
+    } else {
+      this._removeCacheCanvas();
+      this.drawObject(ctx);
+      this.dirty = false;
+    }
+    ctx.restore();
+  }
+
+  drawSelectionBackground(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    /* no op */
+  }
+
+  renderCache(options?: any) {
+    options = options || {};
+    if (!this._cacheCanvas || !this._cacheContext) {
+      this._createCacheCanvas();
+    }
+    if (this.isCacheDirty() && this._cacheContext) {
+      this.drawObject(this._cacheContext, options.forClipping);
+      this.dirty = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove cacheCanvas and its dimensions from the objects
+   */
+  _removeCacheCanvas() {
+    this._cacheCanvas = undefined;
+    this._cacheContext = null;
+    this.cacheWidth = 0;
+    this.cacheHeight = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * return true if the object will draw a stroke
+   * Does not consider text styles. This is just a shortcut used at rendering time
+   * We want it to be an approximation and be fast.
+   * wrote to avoid extra caching, it has to return true when stroke happens,
+   * can guess when it will not happen at 100% chance, does not matter if it misses
+   * some use case where the stroke is invisible.
+   * @since 3.0.0
+   * @returns Boolean
+   */
+  hasStroke() {
+    return (
+      this.stroke && this.stroke !== 'transparent' && this.strokeWidth !== 0
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * return true if the object will draw a fill
+   * Does not consider text styles. This is just a shortcut used at rendering time
+   * We want it to be an approximation and be fast.
+   * wrote to avoid extra caching, it has to return true when fill happens,
+   * can guess when it will not happen at 100% chance, does not matter if it misses
+   * some use case where the fill is invisible.
+   * @since 3.0.0
+   * @returns Boolean
+   */
+  hasFill() {
+    return this.fill && this.fill !== 'transparent';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * When set to `true`, force the object to have its own cache, even if it is inside a group
+   * it may be needed when your object behave in a particular way on the cache and always needs
+   * its own isolated canvas to render correctly.
+   * Created to be overridden
+   * since 1.7.12
+   * @returns Boolean
+   */
+  needsItsOwnCache() {
+    if (
+      this.paintFirst === 'stroke' &&
+      this.hasFill() &&
+      this.hasStroke() &&
+      typeof this.shadow === 'object'
+    ) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (this.clipPath) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decide if the object should cache or not. Create its own cache level
+   * objectCaching is a global flag, wins over everything
+   * needsItsOwnCache should be used when the object drawing method requires
+   * a cache step. None of the fabric classes requires it.
+   * Generally you do not cache objects in groups because the group outside is cached.
+   * Read as: cache if is needed, or if the feature is enabled but we are not already caching.
+   * @return {Boolean}
+   */
+  shouldCache() {
+    this.ownCaching =
+      this.needsItsOwnCache() ||
+      (this.objectCaching && (!this.group || !this.group.isOnACache()));
+    return this.ownCaching;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if this object or a child object will cast a shadow
+   * used by Group.shouldCache to know if child has a shadow recursively
+   * @return {Boolean}
+   * @deprecated
+   */
+  willDrawShadow() {
+    return (
+      !!this.shadow && (this.shadow.offsetX !== 0 || this.shadow.offsetY !== 0)
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the drawing operation for an object clipPath
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @param {FabricObject} clipPath
+   */
+  drawClipPathOnCache(
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    clipPath: TCachedFabricObject
+  ) {
+    ctx.save();
+    // DEBUG: uncomment this line, comment the following
+    // ctx.globalAlpha = 0.4
+    if (clipPath.inverted) {
+      ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-out';
+    } else {
+      ctx.globalCompositeOperation = 'destination-in';
+    }
+    //ctx.scale(1 / 2, 1 / 2);
+    if (clipPath.absolutePositioned) {
+      const m = invertTransform(this.calcTransformMatrix());
+      ctx.transform(m[0], m[1], m[2], m[3], m[4], m[5]);
+    }
+    clipPath.transform(ctx);
+    ctx.scale(1 / clipPath.zoomX, 1 / clipPath.zoomY);
+    ctx.drawImage(
+      clipPath._cacheCanvas,
+      -clipPath.cacheTranslationX,
+      -clipPath.cacheTranslationY
+    );
+    ctx.restore();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute the drawing operation for an object on a specified context
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @param {boolean} forClipping apply clipping styles
+   */
+  drawObject(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, forClipping?: boolean) {
+    const originalFill = this.fill,
+      originalStroke = this.stroke;
+    if (forClipping) {
+      this.fill = 'black';
+      this.stroke = '';
+      this._setClippingProperties(ctx);
+    } else {
+      this._renderBackground(ctx);
+    }
+    this._render(ctx);
+    this._drawClipPath(ctx, this.clipPath);
+    this.fill = originalFill;
+    this.stroke = originalStroke;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prepare clipPath state and cache and draw it on instance's cache
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx
+   * @param {FabricObject} clipPath
+   */
+  _drawClipPath(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, clipPath?: FabricObject) {
+    if (!clipPath) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // needed to setup a couple of variables
+    // path canvas gets overridden with this one.
+    // TODO find a better solution?
+    clipPath._set('canvas', this.canvas);
+    clipPath.shouldCache();
+    clipPath._transformDone = true;
+    clipPath.renderCache({ forClipping: true });
+    this.drawClipPathOnCache(ctx, clipPath as TCachedFabricObject);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Paint the cached copy of the object on the target context.
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  drawCacheOnCanvas(this: TCachedFabricObject, ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    ctx.scale(1 / this.zoomX, 1 / this.zoomY);
+    ctx.drawImage(
+      this._cacheCanvas,
+      -this.cacheTranslationX,
+      -this.cacheTranslationY
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if cache is dirty
+   * @param {Boolean} skipCanvas skip canvas checks because this object is painted
+   * on parent canvas.
+   */
+  isCacheDirty(skipCanvas = false) {
+    if (this.isNotVisible()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (
+      this._cacheCanvas &&
+      this._cacheContext &&
+      !skipCanvas &&
+      this._updateCacheCanvas()
+    ) {
+      // in this case the context is already cleared.
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      if (this.dirty || (this.clipPath && this.clipPath.absolutePositioned)) {
+        if (this._cacheCanvas && this._cacheContext && !skipCanvas) {
+          const width = this.cacheWidth! / this.zoomX!;
+          const height = this.cacheHeight! / this.zoomY!;
+          this._cacheContext.clearRect(-width / 2, -height / 2, width, height);
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Draws a background for the object big as its untransformed dimensions
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _renderBackground(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (!this.backgroundColor) {
+      return;
+    }
+    const dim = this._getNonTransformedDimensions();
+    ctx.fillStyle = this.backgroundColor;
+
+    ctx.fillRect(-dim.x / 2, -dim.y / 2, dim.x, dim.y);
+    // if there is background color no other shadows
+    // should be casted
+    this._removeShadow(ctx);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _setOpacity(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (this.group && !this.group._transformDone) {
+      ctx.globalAlpha = this.getObjectOpacity();
+    } else {
+      ctx.globalAlpha *= this.opacity;
+    }
+  }
+
+  _setStrokeStyles(
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    decl: Pick<
+      this,
+      | 'stroke'
+      | 'strokeWidth'
+      | 'strokeLineCap'
+      | 'strokeDashOffset'
+      | 'strokeLineJoin'
+      | 'strokeMiterLimit'
+    >
+  ) {
+    const stroke = decl.stroke;
+    if (stroke) {
+      ctx.lineWidth = decl.strokeWidth;
+      ctx.lineCap = decl.strokeLineCap;
+      ctx.lineDashOffset = decl.strokeDashOffset;
+      ctx.lineJoin = decl.strokeLineJoin;
+      ctx.miterLimit = decl.strokeMiterLimit;
+      if (isFiller(stroke)) {
+        if (
+          (stroke as Gradient<'linear'>).gradientUnits === 'percentage' ||
+          (stroke as Gradient<'linear'>).gradientTransform ||
+          (stroke as Pattern).patternTransform
+        ) {
+          // need to transform gradient in a pattern.
+          // this is a slow process. If you are hitting this codepath, and the object
+          // is not using caching, you should consider switching it on.
+          // we need a canvas as big as the current object caching canvas.
+          this._applyPatternForTransformedGradient(ctx, stroke);
+        } else {
+          // is a simple gradient or pattern
+          ctx.strokeStyle = stroke.toLive(ctx)!;
+          this._applyPatternGradientTransform(ctx, stroke);
+        }
+      } else {
+        // is a color
+        ctx.strokeStyle = decl.stroke as string;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  _setFillStyles(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, { fill }: Pick<this, 'fill'>) {
+    if (fill) {
+      if (isFiller(fill)) {
+        ctx.fillStyle = fill.toLive(ctx)!;
+        this._applyPatternGradientTransform(ctx, fill);
+      } else {
+        ctx.fillStyle = fill;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  _setClippingProperties(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    ctx.globalAlpha = 1;
+    ctx.strokeStyle = 'transparent';
+    ctx.fillStyle = '#000000';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Sets line dash
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to set the dash line on
+   * @param {Array} dashArray array representing dashes
+   */
+  _setLineDash(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D, dashArray?: number[] | null) {
+    if (!dashArray || dashArray.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Spec requires the concatenation of two copies of the dash array when the number of elements is odd
+    if (1 & dashArray.length) {
+      dashArray.push(...dashArray);
+    }
+    ctx.setLineDash(dashArray);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _setShadow(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (!this.shadow) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const shadow = this.shadow,
+      canvas = this.canvas,
+      retinaScaling = this.getCanvasRetinaScaling(),
+      [sx, , , sy] = canvas?.viewportTransform || iMatrix,
+      multX = sx * retinaScaling,
+      multY = sy * retinaScaling,
+      scaling = shadow.nonScaling ? new Point(1, 1) : this.getObjectScaling();
+    ctx.shadowColor = shadow.color;
+    ctx.shadowBlur =
+      (shadow.blur *
+        config.browserShadowBlurConstant *
+        (multX + multY) *
+        (scaling.x + scaling.y)) /
+      4;
+    ctx.shadowOffsetX = shadow.offsetX * multX * scaling.x;
+    ctx.shadowOffsetY = shadow.offsetY * multY * scaling.y;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _removeShadow(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (!this.shadow) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    ctx.shadowColor = '';
+    ctx.shadowBlur = ctx.shadowOffsetX = ctx.shadowOffsetY = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @param {TFiller} filler {@link Pattern} or {@link Gradient}
+   */
+  _applyPatternGradientTransform(
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    filler: TFiller
+  ) {
+    if (!isFiller(filler)) {
+      return { offsetX: 0, offsetY: 0 };
+    }
+    const t =
+      (filler as Gradient<'linear'>).gradientTransform ||
+      (filler as Pattern).patternTransform;
+    const offsetX = -this.width / 2 + filler.offsetX || 0,
+      offsetY = -this.height / 2 + filler.offsetY || 0;
+
+    if ((filler as Gradient<'linear'>).gradientUnits === 'percentage') {
+      ctx.transform(this.width, 0, 0, this.height, offsetX, offsetY);
+    } else {
+      ctx.transform(1, 0, 0, 1, offsetX, offsetY);
+    }
+    if (t) {
+      ctx.transform(t[0], t[1], t[2], t[3], t[4], t[5]);
+    }
+    return { offsetX: offsetX, offsetY: offsetY };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _renderPaintInOrder(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (this.paintFirst === 'stroke') {
+      this._renderStroke(ctx);
+      this._renderFill(ctx);
+    } else {
+      this._renderFill(ctx);
+      this._renderStroke(ctx);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * function that actually render something on the context.
+   * empty here to allow Obects to work on tests to benchmark fabric functionalites
+   * not related to rendering
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _render(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    // placeholder to be overridden
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _renderFill(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (!this.fill) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    ctx.save();
+    this._setFillStyles(ctx, this);
+    if (this.fillRule === 'evenodd') {
+      ctx.fill('evenodd');
+    } else {
+      ctx.fill();
+    }
+    ctx.restore();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   */
+  _renderStroke(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (!this.stroke || this.strokeWidth === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.shadow && !this.shadow.affectStroke) {
+      this._removeShadow(ctx);
+    }
+
+    ctx.save();
+    if (this.strokeUniform) {
+      const scaling = this.getObjectScaling();
+      ctx.scale(1 / scaling.x, 1 / scaling.y);
+    }
+    this._setLineDash(ctx, this.strokeDashArray);
+    this._setStrokeStyles(ctx, this);
+    ctx.stroke();
+    ctx.restore();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function try to patch the missing gradientTransform on canvas gradients.
+   * transforming a context to transform the gradient, is going to transform the stroke too.
+   * we want to transform the gradient but not the stroke operation, so we create
+   * a transformed gradient on a pattern and then we use the pattern instead of the gradient.
+   * this method has drawbacks: is slow, is in low resolution, needs a patch for when the size
+   * is limited.
+   * @private
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Context to render on
+   * @param {Gradient} filler
+   */
+  _applyPatternForTransformedGradient(
+    ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D,
+    filler: TFiller
+  ) {
+    const dims = this._limitCacheSize(this._getCacheCanvasDimensions()),
+      pCanvas = createCanvasElement(),
+      retinaScaling = this.getCanvasRetinaScaling(),
+      width = dims.x / this.scaleX / retinaScaling,
+      height = dims.y / this.scaleY / retinaScaling;
+    // in case width and height are less than 1px, we have to round up.
+    // since the pattern is no-repeat, this is fine
+    pCanvas.width = Math.ceil(width);
+    pCanvas.height = Math.ceil(height);
+    const pCtx = pCanvas.getContext('2d');
+    if (!pCtx) {
+      return;
+    }
+    pCtx.beginPath();
+    pCtx.moveTo(0, 0);
+    pCtx.lineTo(width, 0);
+    pCtx.lineTo(width, height);
+    pCtx.lineTo(0, height);
+    pCtx.closePath();
+    pCtx.translate(width / 2, height / 2);
+    pCtx.scale(
+      dims.zoomX / this.scaleX / retinaScaling,
+      dims.zoomY / this.scaleY / retinaScaling
+    );
+    this._applyPatternGradientTransform(pCtx, filler);
+    pCtx.fillStyle = filler.toLive(ctx)!;
+    pCtx.fill();
+    ctx.translate(
+      -this.width / 2 - this.strokeWidth / 2,
+      -this.height / 2 - this.strokeWidth / 2
+    );
+    ctx.scale(
+      (retinaScaling * this.scaleX) / dims.zoomX,
+      (retinaScaling * this.scaleY) / dims.zoomY
+    );
+    ctx.strokeStyle = pCtx.createPattern(pCanvas, 'no-repeat') ?? '';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function is an helper for svg import. it returns the center of the object in the svg
+   * untransformed coordinates
+   * @private
+   * @return {Point} center point from element coordinates
+   */
+  _findCenterFromElement() {
+    return new Point(this.left + this.width / 2, this.top + this.height / 2);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clones an instance.
+   * @param {Array} [propertiesToInclude] Any properties that you might want to additionally include in the output
+   * @returns {Promise<FabricObject>}
+   */
+  clone(propertiesToInclude?: string[]): Promise<this> {
+    const objectForm = this.toObject(propertiesToInclude);
+    return (this.constructor as typeof FabricObject).fromObject(
+      objectForm
+    ) as unknown as Promise<this>;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an instance of Image out of an object
+   * makes use of toCanvasElement.
+   * Once this method was based on toDataUrl and loadImage, so it also had a quality
+   * and format option. toCanvasElement is faster and produce no loss of quality.
+   * If you need to get a real Jpeg or Png from an object, using toDataURL is the right way to do it.
+   * toCanvasElement and then toBlob from the obtained canvas is also a good option.
+   * @todo fix the export type, it could not be Image but the type that getClass return for 'image'.
+   * @param {Object} [options] for clone as image, passed to toDataURL
+   * @param {Number} [options.multiplier=1] Multiplier to scale by
+   * @param {Number} [options.left] Cropping left offset. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Number} [options.top] Cropping top offset. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Number} [options.width] Cropping width. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Number} [options.height] Cropping height. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.enableRetinaScaling] Enable retina scaling for clone image. Introduce in 1.6.4
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutTransform] Remove current object transform ( no scale , no angle, no flip, no skew ). Introduced in 2.3.4
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutShadow] Remove current object shadow. Introduced in 2.4.2
+   * @return {Image} Object cloned as image.
+   */
+  cloneAsImage(options: any): Image {
+    const canvasEl = this.toCanvasElement(options);
+    // TODO: how to import Image w/o an import cycle?
+    const ImageClass = classRegistry.getClass('image');
+    return new ImageClass(canvasEl);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts an object into a HTMLCanvas element
+   * @param {Object} options Options object
+   * @param {Number} [options.multiplier=1] Multiplier to scale by
+   * @param {Number} [options.left] Cropping left offset. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Number} [options.top] Cropping top offset. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Number} [options.width] Cropping width. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Number} [options.height] Cropping height. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.enableRetinaScaling] Enable retina scaling for clone image. Introduce in 1.6.4
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutTransform] Remove current object transform ( no scale , no angle, no flip, no skew ). Introduced in 2.3.4
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutShadow] Remove current object shadow. Introduced in 2.4.2
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.viewportTransform] Account for canvas viewport transform
+   * @return {HTMLCanvasElement} Returns DOM element <canvas> with the FabricObject
+   */
+  toCanvasElement(options: any = {}) {
+    const origParams = saveObjectTransform(this),
+      originalGroup = this.group,
+      originalShadow = this.shadow,
+      abs = Math.abs,
+      retinaScaling = options.enableRetinaScaling
+        ? Math.max(config.devicePixelRatio, 1)
+        : 1,
+      multiplier = (options.multiplier || 1) * retinaScaling;
+    delete this.group;
+    if (options.withoutTransform) {
+      resetObjectTransform(this);
+    }
+    if (options.withoutShadow) {
+      this.shadow = null;
+    }
+    if (options.viewportTransform) {
+      sendObjectToPlane(this, this.getViewportTransform());
+    }
+
+    const el = createCanvasElement(),
+      // skip canvas zoom and calculate with setCoords now.
+      boundingRect = this.getBoundingRect(true, true),
+      shadow = this.shadow,
+      shadowOffset = new Point();
+
+    if (shadow) {
+      const shadowBlur = shadow.blur;
+      const scaling = shadow.nonScaling
+        ? new Point(1, 1)
+        : this.getObjectScaling();
+      // consider non scaling shadow.
+      shadowOffset.x =
+        2 * Math.round(abs(shadow.offsetX) + shadowBlur) * abs(scaling.x);
+      shadowOffset.y =
+        2 * Math.round(abs(shadow.offsetY) + shadowBlur) * abs(scaling.y);
+    }
+    const width = boundingRect.width + shadowOffset.x,
+      height = boundingRect.height + shadowOffset.y;
+    // if the current width/height is not an integer
+    // we need to make it so.
+    el.width = Math.ceil(width);
+    el.height = Math.ceil(height);
+    const canvas = new StaticCanvas(el, {
+      enableRetinaScaling: false,
+      renderOnAddRemove: false,
+      skipOffscreen: false,
+    });
+    if (options.format === 'jpeg') {
+      canvas.backgroundColor = '#fff';
+    }
+    this.setPositionByOrigin(
+      new Point(canvas.width / 2, canvas.height / 2),
+      CENTER,
+      CENTER
+    );
+    const originalCanvas = this.canvas;
+    // static canvas and canvas have both an array of InteractiveObjects
+    // @ts-ignore this needs to be fixed somehow, or ignored globally
+    canvas._objects = [this];
+    this.set('canvas', canvas);
+    this.setCoords();
+    const canvasEl = canvas.toCanvasElement(multiplier || 1, options);
+    this.set('canvas', originalCanvas);
+    this.shadow = originalShadow;
+    if (originalGroup) {
+      this.group = originalGroup;
+    }
+    this.set(origParams);
+    this.setCoords();
+    // canvas.dispose will call image.dispose that will nullify the elements
+    // since this canvas is a simple element for the process, we remove references
+    // to objects in this way in order to avoid object trashing.
+    canvas._objects = [];
+    // since render has settled it is safe to destroy canvas
+    canvas.destroy();
+    return canvasEl;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts an object into a data-url-like string
+   * @param {Object} options Options object
+   * @param {String} [options.format=png] The format of the output image. Either "jpeg" or "png"
+   * @param {Number} [options.quality=1] Quality level (0..1). Only used for jpeg.
+   * @param {Number} [options.multiplier=1] Multiplier to scale by
+   * @param {Number} [options.left] Cropping left offset. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Number} [options.top] Cropping top offset. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Number} [options.width] Cropping width. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Number} [options.height] Cropping height. Introduced in v1.2.14
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.enableRetinaScaling] Enable retina scaling for clone image. Introduce in 1.6.4
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutTransform] Remove current object transform ( no scale , no angle, no flip, no skew ). Introduced in 2.3.4
+   * @param {Boolean} [options.withoutShadow] Remove current object shadow. Introduced in 2.4.2
+   * @return {String} Returns a data: URL containing a representation of the object in the format specified by options.format
+   */
+  toDataURL(options: any = {}) {
+    return toDataURL(
+      this.toCanvasElement(options),
+      options.format || 'png',
+      options.quality || 1
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if any of the specified types is identical to the type of an instance
+   * @param {String} type Type to check against
+   * @return {Boolean}
+   */
+  isType(...types: string[]) {
+    return (
+      types.includes((this.constructor as typeof FabricObject).type) ||
+      types.includes(this.type)
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns complexity of an instance
+   * @return {Number} complexity of this instance (is 1 unless subclassed)
+   */
+  complexity() {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a JSON representation of an instance
+   * @return {Object} JSON
+   */
+  toJSON() {
+    // delegate, not alias
+    return this.toObject();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets "angle" of an instance with centered rotation
+   * @param {TDegree} angle Angle value (in degrees)
+   */
+  rotate(angle: TDegree) {
+    const shouldCenterOrigin =
+      (this.originX !== CENTER || this.originY !== CENTER) &&
+      this.centeredRotation;
+
+    if (shouldCenterOrigin) {
+      this._setOriginToCenter();
+    }
+
+    this.set('angle', angle);
+
+    if (shouldCenterOrigin) {
+      this._resetOrigin();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This callback function is called by the parent group of an object every
+   * time a non-delegated property changes on the group. It is passed the key
+   * and value as parameters. Not adding in this function's signature to avoid
+   * Travis build error about unused variables.
+   */
+  setOnGroup() {
+    // implemented by sub-classes, as needed.
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets canvas globalCompositeOperation for specific object
+   * custom composition operation for the particular object can be specified using globalCompositeOperation property
+   * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} ctx Rendering canvas context
+   */
+  _setupCompositeOperation(ctx: CanvasRenderingContext2D) {
+    if (this.globalCompositeOperation) {
+      ctx.globalCompositeOperation = this.globalCompositeOperation;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * cancel instance's running animations
+   * override if necessary to dispose artifacts such as `clipPath`
+   */
+  dispose() {
+    runningAnimations.cancelByTarget(this);
+    this.off();
+    this._set('canvas', undefined);
+    // clear caches
+    this._cacheCanvas && getEnv().dispose(this._cacheCanvas);
+    this._cacheCanvas = undefined;
+    this._cacheContext = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param {Function} klass
+   * @param {object} object
+   * @param {object} [options]
+   * @param {string} [options.extraParam] property to pass as first argument to the constructor
+   * @param {AbortSignal} [options.signal] handle aborting, see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortController/signal
+   * @returns {Promise<FabricObject>}
+   */
+  static _fromObject<S extends FabricObject>(
+    object: Record<string, unknown>,
+    { extraParam, ...options }: Abortable & { extraParam?: string } = {}
+  ): Promise<S> {
+    return enlivenObjectEnlivables<any>(cloneDeep(object), options).then(
+      (enlivedMap) => {
+        const allOptions = { ...options, ...enlivedMap };
+        // from the resulting enlived options, extract options.extraParam to arg0
+        // to avoid accidental overrides later
+        if (extraParam) {
+          const { [extraParam]: arg0, type, ...rest } = allOptions;
+          // @ts-expect-error different signature
+          return new this(arg0, rest);
+        } else {
+          return new this(allOptions);
+        }
+      }
+    ) as Promise<S>;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param {object} object
+   * @param {object} [options]
+   * @param {AbortSignal} [options.signal] handle aborting, see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortController/signal
+   * @returns {Promise<FabricObject>}
+   */
+  static fromObject<T extends TProps<SerializedObjectProps>>(
+    object: T,
+    options?: Abortable
+  ) {
+    return this._fromObject(object, options);
+  }
+}
+
+classRegistry.setClass(FabricObject);
+classRegistry.setClass(FabricObject, 'object');