eleva 1.2.7-alpha → 1.2.9-alpha

package/dist/eleva.esm.js

@@ -1,42 +1,58 @@
+/*! Eleva v1.2.9-alpha | MIT License | https://elevajs.com */
 /**
  * @class 🔒 TemplateEngine
- * @classdesc Secure interpolation & dynamic attribute parsing.
- * Provides methods to parse template strings by replacing interpolation expressions
- * with dynamic data values and to evaluate expressions within a given data context.
+ * @classdesc A secure template engine that handles interpolation and dynamic attribute parsing.
+ * Provides a safe way to evaluate expressions in templates while preventing XSS attacks.
+ * All methods are static and can be called directly on the class.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const template = "Hello, {{name}}!";
+ * const data = { name: "World" };
+ * const result = TemplateEngine.parse(template, data); // Returns: "Hello, World!"
  */
 class TemplateEngine {
   /**
-   * Parses a template string and replaces interpolation expressions with corresponding values.
+   * @private {RegExp} Regular expression for matching template expressions in the format {{ expression }}
+   */
+  static expressionPattern = /\{\{\s*(.*?)\s*\}\}/g;
+
+  /**
+   * Parses a template string, replacing expressions with their evaluated values.
+   * Expressions are evaluated in the provided data context.
    *
-   * @param {string} template - The template string containing expressions in the format `{{ expression }}`.
-   * @param {Object<string, any>} data - The data object to use for evaluating expressions.
-   * @returns {string} The resulting string with evaluated values.
+   * @public
+   * @static
+   * @param {string} template - The template string to parse.
+   * @param {Object} data - The data context for evaluating expressions.
+   * @returns {string} The parsed template with expressions replaced by their values.
+   * @example
+   * const result = TemplateEngine.parse("{{user.name}} is {{user.age}} years old", {
+   *   user: { name: "John", age: 30 }
+   * }); // Returns: "John is 30 years old"
    */
   static parse(template, data) {
-    if (!template || typeof template !== "string") return template;
-    return template.replace(/\{\{\s*(.*?)\s*\}\}/g, (_, expr) => {
-      return this.evaluate(expr, data);
-    });
+    if (typeof template !== "string") return template;
+    return template.replace(this.expressionPattern, (_, expression) => this.evaluate(expression, data));
   }
 
   /**
-   * Evaluates a JavaScript expression using the provided data context.
+   * Evaluates an expression in the context of the provided data object.
+   * Note: This does not provide a true sandbox and evaluated expressions may access global scope.
    *
-   * @param {string} expr - The JavaScript expression to evaluate.
-   * @param {Object<string, any>} data - The data context for evaluating the expression.
-   * @returns {any} The result of the evaluated expression, or an empty string if undefined or on error.
+   * @public
+   * @static
+   * @param {string} expression - The expression to evaluate.
+   * @param {Object} data - The data context for evaluation.
+   * @returns {*} The result of the evaluation, or an empty string if evaluation fails.
+   * @example
+   * const result = TemplateEngine.evaluate("user.name", { user: { name: "John" } }); // Returns: "John"
+   * const age = TemplateEngine.evaluate("user.age", { user: { age: 30 } }); // Returns: 30
    */
-  static evaluate(expr, data) {
-    if (!expr || typeof expr !== "string") return expr;
+  static evaluate(expression, data) {
+    if (typeof expression !== "string") return expression;
     try {
-      const compiledFn = new Function("data", `with(data) { return ${expr} }`);
-      return compiledFn(data);
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.error(`Template evaluation error:`, {
-        expression: expr,
-        data,
-        error: error.message
-      });
+      return new Function("data", `with(data) { return ${expression}; }`)(data);
+    } catch {
       return "";
     }
   }
@@ -44,20 +60,26 @@ class TemplateEngine {
 
 /**
  * @class ⚡ Signal
- * @classdesc Fine-grained reactivity.
- * A reactive data holder that notifies registered watchers when its value changes,
- * enabling fine-grained DOM patching rather than full re-renders.
+ * @classdesc A reactive data holder that enables fine-grained reactivity in the Eleva framework.
+ * Signals notify registered watchers when their value changes, enabling efficient DOM updates
+ * through targeted patching rather than full re-renders.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const count = new Signal(0);
+ * count.watch((value) => console.log(`Count changed to: ${value}`));
+ * count.value = 1; // Logs: "Count changed to: 1"
  */
 class Signal {
   /**
-   * Creates a new Signal instance.
+   * Creates a new Signal instance with the specified initial value.
    *
+   * @public
    * @param {*} value - The initial value of the signal.
    */
   constructor(value) {
-    /** @private {*} Internal storage for the signal's current value */
+    /** @private {T} Internal storage for the signal's current value, where T is the type of the initial value */
     this._value = value;
-    /** @private {Set<function>} Collection of callback functions to be notified when value changes */
+    /** @private {Set<function(T): void>} Collection of callback functions to be notified when value changes, where T is the value type */
     this._watchers = new Set();
     /** @private {boolean} Flag to prevent multiple synchronous watcher notifications and batch updates into microtasks */
     this._pending = false;
@@ -66,7 +88,8 @@ class Signal {
   /**
    * Gets the current value of the signal.
    *
-   * @returns {*} The current value.
+   * @public
+   * @returns {T} The current value, where T is the type of the initial value.
    */
   get value() {
     return this._value;
@@ -74,21 +97,29 @@ class Signal {
 
   /**
    * Sets a new value for the signal and notifies all registered watchers if the value has changed.
+   * The notification is batched using microtasks to prevent multiple synchronous updates.
    *
-   * @param {*} newVal - The new value to set.
+   * @public
+   * @param {T} newVal - The new value to set, where T is the type of the initial value.
+   * @returns {void}
    */
   set value(newVal) {
-    if (newVal !== this._value) {
-      this._value = newVal;
-      this._notifyWatchers();
-    }
+    if (this._value === newVal) return;
+    this._value = newVal;
+    this._notify();
   }
 
   /**
    * Registers a watcher function that will be called whenever the signal's value changes.
+   * The watcher will receive the new value as its argument.
    *
-   * @param {function(any): void} fn - The callback function to invoke on value change.
+   * @public
+   * @param {function(T): void} fn - The callback function to invoke on value change, where T is the value type.
    * @returns {function(): boolean} A function to unsubscribe the watcher.
+   * @example
+   * const unsubscribe = signal.watch((value) => console.log(value));
+   * // Later...
+   * unsubscribe(); // Stops watching for changes
    */
   watch(fn) {
     this._watchers.add(fn);
@@ -103,78 +134,116 @@ class Signal {
    * @private
    * @returns {void}
    */
-  _notifyWatchers() {
-    if (!this._pending) {
-      this._pending = true;
-      queueMicrotask(() => {
-        this._pending = false;
-        this._watchers.forEach(fn => fn(this._value));
-      });
-    }
+  _notify() {
+    if (this._pending) return;
+    this._pending = true;
+    queueMicrotask(() => {
+      this._watchers.forEach(fn => fn(this._value));
+      this._pending = false;
+    });
   }
 }
 
 /**
- * @class 🎙️ Emitter
- * @classdesc Robust inter-component communication with event bubbling.
- * Implements a basic publish-subscribe pattern for event handling, allowing components
- * to communicate through custom events.
+ * @class 📡 Emitter
+ * @classdesc A robust event emitter that enables inter-component communication through a publish-subscribe pattern.
+ * Components can emit events and listen for events from other components, facilitating loose coupling
+ * and reactive updates across the application.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const emitter = new Emitter();
+ * emitter.on('user:login', (user) => console.log(`User logged in: ${user.name}`));
+ * emitter.emit('user:login', { name: 'John' }); // Logs: "User logged in: John"
  */
 class Emitter {
   /**
    * Creates a new Emitter instance.
+   *
+   * @public
    */
   constructor() {
-    /** @type {Object.<string, Function[]>} Storage for event handlers mapped by event name */
-    this.events = {};
+    /** @private {Map<string, Set<function(any): void>>} Map of event names to their registered handler functions */
+    this._events = new Map();
   }
 
   /**
-   * Registers an event handler for the specified event.
+   * Registers an event handler for the specified event name.
+   * The handler will be called with the event data when the event is emitted.
    *
-   * @param {string} event - The name of the event.
-   * @param {function(...any): void} handler - The function to call when the event is emitted.
+   * @public
+   * @param {string} event - The name of the event to listen for.
+   * @param {function(any): void} handler - The callback function to invoke when the event occurs.
+   * @returns {function(): boolean} A function to unsubscribe the event handler.
+   * @example
+   * const unsubscribe = emitter.on('user:login', (user) => console.log(user));
+   * // Later...
+   * unsubscribe(); // Stops listening for the event
    */
   on(event, handler) {
-    (this.events[event] || (this.events[event] = [])).push(handler);
+    if (!this._events.has(event)) this._events.set(event, new Set());
+    this._events.get(event).add(handler);
+    return () => this.off(event, handler);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Removes a previously registered event handler.
+   * Removes an event handler for the specified event name.
+   * If no handler is provided, all handlers for the event are removed.
    *
+   * @public
    * @param {string} event - The name of the event.
-   * @param {function(...any): void} handler - The handler function to remove.
+   * @param {function(any): void} [handler] - The specific handler function to remove.
+   * @returns {void}
    */
   off(event, handler) {
-    if (this.events[event]) {
-      this.events[event] = this.events[event].filter(h => h !== handler);
+    if (!this._events.has(event)) return;
+    if (handler) {
+      const handlers = this._events.get(event);
+      handlers.delete(handler);
+      // Remove the event if there are no handlers left
+      if (handlers.size === 0) this._events.delete(event);
+    } else {
+      this._events.delete(event);
     }
   }
 
   /**
-   * Emits an event, invoking all handlers registered for that event.
+   * Emits an event with the specified data to all registered handlers.
+   * Handlers are called synchronously in the order they were registered.
    *
-   * @param {string} event - The event name.
-   * @param {...any} args - Additional arguments to pass to the event handlers.
+   * @public
+   * @param {string} event - The name of the event to emit.
+   * @param {...any} args - Optional arguments to pass to the event handlers.
+   * @returns {void}
    */
   emit(event, ...args) {
-    (this.events[event] || []).forEach(handler => handler(...args));
+    if (!this._events.has(event)) return;
+    this._events.get(event).forEach(handler => handler(...args));
   }
 }
 
 /**
  * @class 🎨 Renderer
- * @classdesc Handles DOM patching, diffing, and attribute updates.
- * Provides methods for efficient DOM updates by diffing the new and old DOM structures
- * and applying only the necessary changes.
+ * @classdesc A DOM renderer that handles efficient DOM updates through patching and diffing.
+ * Provides methods for updating the DOM by comparing new and old structures and applying
+ * only the necessary changes, minimizing layout thrashing and improving performance.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const renderer = new Renderer();
+ * const container = document.getElementById("app");
+ * const newHtml = "<div>Updated content</div>";
+ * renderer.patchDOM(container, newHtml);
  */
 class Renderer {
   /**
    * Patches the DOM of a container element with new HTML content.
+   * This method efficiently updates the DOM by comparing the new content with the existing
+   * content and applying only the necessary changes.
    *
+   * @public
    * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element to patch.
    * @param {string} newHtml - The new HTML content to apply.
-   * @throws {Error} If container is not an HTMLElement or newHtml is not a string
+   * @returns {void}
+   * @throws {Error} If container is not an HTMLElement or newHtml is not a string.
    */
   patchDOM(container, newHtml) {
     if (!(container instanceof HTMLElement)) {
@@ -191,10 +260,14 @@ class Renderer {
 
   /**
    * Diffs two DOM trees (old and new) and applies updates to the old DOM.
+   * This method recursively compares nodes and their attributes, applying only
+   * the necessary changes to minimize DOM operations.
    *
+   * @private
    * @param {HTMLElement} oldParent - The original DOM element.
    * @param {HTMLElement} newParent - The new DOM element.
-   * @throws {Error} If either parent is not an HTMLElement
+   * @returns {void}
+   * @throws {Error} If either parent is not an HTMLElement.
    */
   diff(oldParent, newParent) {
     if (!(oldParent instanceof HTMLElement) || !(newParent instanceof HTMLElement)) {
@@ -241,10 +314,13 @@ class Renderer {
 
   /**
    * Updates the attributes of an element to match those of a new element.
+   * Handles special cases for ARIA attributes, data attributes, and boolean properties.
    *
+   * @private
    * @param {HTMLElement} oldEl - The element to update.
    * @param {HTMLElement} newEl - The element providing the updated attributes.
-   * @throws {Error} If either element is not an HTMLElement
+   * @returns {void}
+   * @throws {Error} If either element is not an HTMLElement.
    */
   updateAttributes(oldEl, newEl) {
     if (!(oldEl instanceof HTMLElement) || !(newEl instanceof HTMLElement)) {
@@ -299,101 +375,143 @@ class Renderer {
 }
 
 /**
- * Defines the structure and behavior of a component.
  * @typedef {Object} ComponentDefinition
  * @property {function(Object<string, any>): (Object<string, any>|Promise<Object<string, any>>)} [setup]
- *           Optional setup function that initializes the component's reactive state and lifecycle.
- *           Receives props and context as an argument and should return an object containing the component's state.
- *           Can return either a synchronous object or a Promise that resolves to an object for async initialization.
- *
+ *           Optional setup function that initializes the component's state and returns reactive data
  * @property {function(Object<string, any>): string} template
- *           Required function that defines the component's HTML structure.
- *           Receives the merged context (props + setup data) and must return an HTML template string.
- *           Supports dynamic expressions using {{ }} syntax for reactive data binding.
- *
+ *           Required function that defines the component's HTML structure
  * @property {function(Object<string, any>): string} [style]
- *           Optional function that defines component-scoped CSS styles.
- *           Receives the merged context and returns a CSS string that will be automatically scoped to the component.
- *           Styles are injected into the component's container and only affect elements within it.
- *
+ *           Optional function that provides component-scoped CSS styles
  * @property {Object<string, ComponentDefinition>} [children]
- *           Optional object that defines nested child components.
- *           Keys are CSS selectors that match elements in the template where child components should be mounted.
- *           Values are ComponentDefinition objects that define the structure and behavior of each child component.
+ *           Optional object defining nested child components
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} ElevaPlugin
+ * @property {function(Eleva, Object<string, any>): void} install
+ *           Function that installs the plugin into the Eleva instance
+ * @property {string} name
+ *           Unique identifier name for the plugin
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @typedef {Object} MountResult
+ * @property {HTMLElement} container
+ *           The DOM element where the component is mounted
+ * @property {Object<string, any>} data
+ *           The component's reactive state and context data
+ * @property {function(): void} unmount
+ *           Function to clean up and unmount the component
  */
 
 /**
  * @class 🧩 Eleva
- * @classdesc Signal-based component runtime framework with lifecycle hooks, scoped styles, and plugin support.
- * Manages component registration, plugin integration, event handling, and DOM rendering.
+ * @classdesc A modern, signal-based component runtime framework that provides lifecycle hooks,
+ * scoped styles, and plugin support. Eleva manages component registration, plugin integration,
+ * event handling, and DOM rendering with a focus on performance and developer experience.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const app = new Eleva("myApp");
+ * app.component("myComponent", {
+ *   template: (ctx) => `<div>Hello ${ctx.props.name}</div>`,
+ *   setup: (ctx) => ({ count: new Signal(0) })
+ * });
+ * app.mount(document.getElementById("app"), "myComponent", { name: "World" });
  */
 class Eleva {
   /**
-   * Creates a new Eleva instance.
+   * Creates a new Eleva instance with the specified name and configuration.
    *
-   * @param {string} name - The name of the Eleva instance.
-   * @param {Object<string, any>} [config={}] - Optional configuration for the instance.
+   * @public
+   * @param {string} name - The unique identifier name for this Eleva instance.
+   * @param {Object<string, any>} [config={}] - Optional configuration object for the instance.
+   *        May include framework-wide settings and default behaviors.
    */
   constructor(name, config = {}) {
-    /** @type {string} The unique identifier name for this Eleva instance */
+    /** @public {string} The unique identifier name for this Eleva instance */
     this.name = name;
-    /** @type {Object<string, any>} Optional configuration object for the Eleva instance */
+    /** @public {Object<string, any>} Optional configuration object for the Eleva instance */
     this.config = config;
-    /** @type {Object<string, ComponentDefinition>} Object storing registered component definitions by name */
-    this._components = {};
-    /** @private {Array<Object>} Collection of installed plugin instances */
-    this._plugins = [];
-    /** @private {string[]} Array of lifecycle hook names supported by the component */
-    this._lifecycleHooks = ["onBeforeMount", "onMount", "onBeforeUpdate", "onUpdate", "onUnmount"];
-    /** @private {boolean} Flag indicating if component is currently mounted */
-    this._isMounted = false;
-    /** @private {Emitter} Instance of the event emitter for handling component events */
+    /** @public {Emitter} Instance of the event emitter for handling component events */
     this.emitter = new Emitter();
-    /** @private {Signal} Instance of the signal for handling plugin and component signals */
+    /** @public {typeof Signal} Static reference to the Signal class for creating reactive state */
     this.signal = Signal;
-    /** @private {Renderer} Instance of the renderer for handling DOM updates and patching */
+    /** @public {Renderer} Instance of the renderer for handling DOM updates and patching */
     this.renderer = new Renderer();
+
+    /** @private {Map<string, ComponentDefinition>} Registry of all component definitions by name */
+    this._components = new Map();
+    /** @private {Map<string, ElevaPlugin>} Collection of installed plugin instances by name */
+    this._plugins = new Map();
+    /** @private {string[]} Array of lifecycle hook names supported by components */
+    this._lifecycleHooks = ["onBeforeMount", "onMount", "onBeforeUpdate", "onUpdate", "onUnmount"];
+    /** @private {boolean} Flag indicating if the root component is currently mounted */
+    this._isMounted = false;
   }
 
   /**
    * Integrates a plugin with the Eleva framework.
+   * The plugin's install function will be called with the Eleva instance and provided options.
+   * After installation, the plugin will be available for use by components.
    *
-   * @param {Object} plugin - The plugin object which should have an `install` function.
-   * @param {Object<string, any>} [options={}] - Optional options to pass to the plugin.
-   * @returns {Eleva} The Eleva instance (for chaining).
+   * @public
+   * @param {ElevaPlugin} plugin - The plugin object which must have an `install` function.
+   * @param {Object<string, any>} [options={}] - Optional configuration options for the plugin.
+   * @returns {Eleva} The Eleva instance (for method chaining).
+   * @example
+   * app.use(myPlugin, { option1: "value1" });
    */
   use(plugin, options = {}) {
-    if (typeof plugin.install === "function") {
-      plugin.install(this, options);
-    }
-    this._plugins.push(plugin);
+    plugin.install(this, options);
+    this._plugins.set(plugin.name, plugin);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Registers a component with the Eleva instance.
+   * Registers a new component with the Eleva instance.
+   * The component will be available for mounting using its registered name.
    *
-   * @param {string} name - The name of the component.
+   * @public
+   * @param {string} name - The unique name of the component to register.
    * @param {ComponentDefinition} definition - The component definition including setup, template, style, and children.
-   * @returns {Eleva} The Eleva instance (for chaining).
+   * @returns {Eleva} The Eleva instance (for method chaining).
+   * @throws {Error} If the component name is already registered.
+   * @example
+   * app.component("myButton", {
+   *   template: (ctx) => `<button>${ctx.props.text}</button>`,
+   *   style: () => "button { color: blue; }"
+   * });
    */
   component(name, definition) {
-    this._components[name] = definition;
+    /** @type {Map<string, ComponentDefinition>} */
+    this._components.set(name, definition);
     return this;
   }
 
   /**
    * Mounts a registered component to a DOM element.
+   * This will initialize the component, set up its reactive state, and render it to the DOM.
    *
-   * @param {HTMLElement} container - A DOM element where the component will be mounted.
-   * @param {string|ComponentDefinition} compName - The name of the component to mount or a component definition.
+   * @public
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The DOM element where the component will be mounted.
+   * @param {string|ComponentDefinition} compName - The name of the registered component or a direct component definition.
    * @param {Object<string, any>} [props={}] - Optional properties to pass to the component.
-   * @returns {object|Promise<object>} An object representing the mounted component instance, or a Promise that resolves to it for asynchronous setups.
-   * @throws {Error} If the container is not found or if the component is not registered.
+   * @returns {Promise<MountResult>}
+   *          A Promise that resolves to an object containing:
+   *          - container: The mounted component's container element
+   *          - data: The component's reactive state and context
+   *          - unmount: Function to clean up and unmount the component
+   * @throws {Error} If the container is not found, or component is not registered.
+   * @example
+   * const instance = await app.mount(document.getElementById("app"), "myComponent", { text: "Click me" });
+   * // Later...
+   * instance.unmount();
    */
-  mount(container, compName, props = {}) {
+  async mount(container, compName, props = {}) {
     if (!container) throw new Error(`Container not found: ${container}`);
-    const definition = typeof compName === "string" ? this._components[compName] : compName;
+
+    /** @type {ComponentDefinition} */
+    const definition = typeof compName === "string" ? this._components.get(compName) : compName;
     if (!definition) throw new Error(`Component "${compName}" not registered.`);
     if (typeof definition.template !== "function") throw new Error("Component template must be a function");
 
@@ -423,23 +541,35 @@ class Eleva {
     const context = {
       props,
       emitter: this.emitter,
+      /** @type {(v: any) => Signal} */
       signal: v => new this.signal(v),
       ...this._prepareLifecycleHooks()
     };
 
     /**
      * Processes the mounting of the component.
+     * This function handles:
+     * 1. Merging setup data with the component context
+     * 2. Setting up reactive watchers
+     * 3. Rendering the component
+     * 4. Managing component lifecycle
      *
-     * @param {Object<string, any>} data - Data returned from the component's setup function.
-     * @returns {object} An object with the container, merged context data, and an unmount function.
+     * @param {Object<string, any>} data - Data returned from the component's setup function
+     * @returns {MountResult} An object containing:
+     *   - container: The mounted component's container element
+     *   - data: The component's reactive state and context
+     *   - unmount: Function to clean up and unmount the component
      */
-    const processMount = data => {
+    const processMount = async data => {
       const mergedContext = {
         ...context,
         ...data
       };
+      /** @type {Array<() => void>} */
       const watcherUnsubscribers = [];
+      /** @type {Array<MountResult>} */
       const childInstances = [];
+      /** @type {Array<() => void>} */
       const cleanupListeners = [];
 
       // Execute before hooks
@@ -453,12 +583,12 @@ class Eleva {
        * Renders the component by parsing the template, patching the DOM,
        * processing events, injecting styles, and mounting child components.
        */
-      const render = () => {
+      const render = async () => {
         const newHtml = TemplateEngine.parse(template(mergedContext), mergedContext);
         this.renderer.patchDOM(container, newHtml);
         this._processEvents(container, mergedContext, cleanupListeners);
         this._injectStyles(container, compName, style, mergedContext);
-        this._mountChildren(container, children, childInstances);
+        await this._mountComponents(container, children, childInstances);
         if (!this._isMounted) {
           mergedContext.onMount && mergedContext.onMount();
           this._isMounted = true;
@@ -472,10 +602,10 @@ class Eleva {
        * When a Signal's value changes, the component will re-render to reflect the updates.
        * Stores unsubscribe functions to clean up watchers when component unmounts.
        */
-      Object.values(data).forEach(val => {
+      for (const val of Object.values(data)) {
         if (val instanceof Signal) watcherUnsubscribers.push(val.watch(render));
-      });
-      render();
+      }
+      await render();
       return {
         container,
         data: mergedContext,
@@ -485,9 +615,9 @@ class Eleva {
          * @returns {void}
          */
         unmount: () => {
-          watcherUnsubscribers.forEach(fn => fn());
-          cleanupListeners.forEach(fn => fn());
-          childInstances.forEach(child => child.unmount());
+          for (const fn of watcherUnsubscribers) fn();
+          for (const fn of cleanupListeners) fn();
+          for (const child of childInstances) child.unmount();
           mergedContext.onUnmount && mergedContext.onUnmount();
           container.innerHTML = "";
         }
@@ -499,26 +629,31 @@ class Eleva {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Prepares default no-operation lifecycle hook functions.
+   * Prepares default no-operation lifecycle hook functions for a component.
+   * These hooks will be called at various stages of the component's lifecycle.
    *
-   * @returns {Object<string, function(): void>} An object with keys for lifecycle hooks mapped to empty functions.
    * @private
+   * @returns {Object<string, function(): void>} An object mapping lifecycle hook names to empty functions.
+   *         The returned object will be merged with the component's context.
    */
   _prepareLifecycleHooks() {
-    return this._lifecycleHooks.reduce((acc, hook) => {
-      acc[hook] = () => {};
-      return acc;
-    }, {});
+    /** @type {Object<string, () => void>} */
+    const hooks = {};
+    for (const hook of this._lifecycleHooks) {
+      hooks[hook] = () => {};
+    }
+    return hooks;
   }
 
   /**
    * Processes DOM elements for event binding based on attributes starting with "@".
-   * Tracks listeners for cleanup during unmount.
+   * This method handles the event delegation system and ensures proper cleanup of event listeners.
    *
-   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element in which to search for events.
-   * @param {Object<string, any>} context - The current context containing event handler definitions.
-   * @param {Array<Function>} cleanupListeners - Array to collect cleanup functions for each event listener.
    * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element in which to search for event attributes.
+   * @param {Object<string, any>} context - The current component context containing event handler definitions.
+   * @param {Array<Function>} cleanupListeners - Array to collect cleanup functions for each event listener.
+   * @returns {void}
    */
   _processEvents(container, context, cleanupListeners) {
     const elements = container.querySelectorAll("*");
@@ -541,12 +676,14 @@ class Eleva {
 
   /**
    * Injects scoped styles into the component's container.
+   * The styles are automatically prefixed to prevent style leakage to other components.
    *
-   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element.
-   * @param {string} compName - The component name used to identify the style element.
-   * @param {function(Object<string, any>): string} [styleFn] - A function that returns CSS styles as a string.
-   * @param {Object<string, any>} context - The current context for style interpolation.
    * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element where styles should be injected.
+   * @param {string} compName - The component name used to identify the style element.
+   * @param {function(Object<string, any>): string} [styleFn] - Optional function that returns CSS styles as a string.
+   * @param {Object<string, any>} context - The current component context for style interpolation.
+   * @returns {void}
    */
   _injectStyles(container, compName, styleFn, context) {
     if (!styleFn) return;
@@ -560,31 +697,112 @@ class Eleva {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Mounts child components within the parent component's container.
+   * Extracts props from an element's attributes that start with 'eleva-prop-'.
+   * This method is used to collect component properties from DOM elements.
    *
-   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The parent container element.
-   * @param {Object<string, ComponentDefinition>} [children] - An object mapping child component selectors to their definitions.
-   * @param {Array<object>} childInstances - An array to store the mounted child component instances.
    * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} element - The DOM element to extract props from
+   * @returns {Object<string, any>} An object containing the extracted props
+   * @example
+   * // For an element with attributes:
+   * // <div eleva-prop-name="John" eleva-prop-age="25">
+   * // Returns: { name: "John", age: "25" }
    */
-  _mountChildren(container, children, childInstances) {
-    childInstances.forEach(child => child.unmount());
+  _extractProps(element) {
+    const props = {};
+    for (const {
+      name,
+      value
+    } of [...element.attributes]) {
+      if (name.startsWith("eleva-prop-")) {
+        props[name.replace("eleva-prop-", "")] = value;
+      }
+    }
+    return props;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mounts a single component instance to a container element.
+   * This method handles the actual mounting of a component with its props.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element to mount the component to
+   * @param {string|ComponentDefinition} component - The component to mount, either as a name or definition
+   * @param {Object<string, any>} props - The props to pass to the component
+   * @returns {Promise<MountResult>} A promise that resolves to the mounted component instance
+   * @throws {Error} If the container is not a valid HTMLElement
+   */
+  async _mountComponentInstance(container, component, props) {
+    if (!(container instanceof HTMLElement)) return null;
+    return await this.mount(container, component, props);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mounts components found by a selector in the container.
+   * This method handles mounting multiple instances of the same component type.
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container to search for components
+   * @param {string} selector - The CSS selector to find components
+   * @param {string|ComponentDefinition} component - The component to mount
+   * @param {Array<MountResult>} instances - Array to store the mounted component instances
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   */
+  async _mountComponentsBySelector(container, selector, component, instances) {
+    for (const el of container.querySelectorAll(selector)) {
+      const props = this._extractProps(el);
+      const instance = await this._mountComponentInstance(el, component, props);
+      if (instance) instances.push(instance);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mounts all components within the parent component's container.
+   * This method implements a dual mounting system that handles both:
+   * 1. Explicitly defined children components (passed through the children parameter)
+   * 2. Template-referenced components (found in the template using component names)
+   *
+   * The mounting process follows these steps:
+   * 1. Cleans up any existing component instances
+   * 2. Mounts explicitly defined children components
+   * 3. Mounts template-referenced components
+   *
+   * @private
+   * @param {HTMLElement} container - The container element to mount components in
+   * @param {Object<string, ComponentDefinition>} children - Map of selectors to component definitions for explicit children
+   * @param {Array<MountResult>} childInstances - Array to store all mounted component instances
+   * @returns {Promise<void>}
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // Explicit children mounting:
+   * const children = {
+   *   '.user-profile': UserProfileComponent,
+   *   '.settings-panel': SettingsComponent
+   * };
+   *
+   * // Template-referenced components:
+   * // <div>
+   * //   <user-profile eleva-prop-name="John"></user-profile>
+   * //   <settings-panel eleva-prop-theme="dark"></settings-panel>
+   * // </div>
+   */
+  async _mountComponents(container, children, childInstances) {
+    // Clean up existing instances
+    for (const child of childInstances) child.unmount();
     childInstances.length = 0;
-    Object.keys(children || {}).forEach(childSelector => {
-      container.querySelectorAll(childSelector).forEach(childEl => {
-        const props = {};
-        [...childEl.attributes].forEach(({
-          name,
-          value
-        }) => {
-          if (name.startsWith("eleva-prop-")) {
-            props[name.replace("eleva-prop-", "")] = value;
-          }
-        });
-        const instance = this.mount(childEl, children[childSelector], props);
-        childInstances.push(instance);
-      });
-    });
+
+    // Mount explicitly defined children components
+    if (children) {
+      for (const [selector, component] of Object.entries(children)) {
+        if (!selector) continue;
+        await this._mountComponentsBySelector(container, selector, component, childInstances);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Mount components referenced in the template
+    for (const [compName] of this._components) {
+      await this._mountComponentsBySelector(container, compName, compName, childInstances);
+    }
   }
 }