data-structure-typed 2.5.0 → 2.5.2

package/dist/cjs/priority-queue.cjs

@@ -0,0 +1,1376 @@
+'use strict';
+
+var __defProp = Object.defineProperty;
+var __name = (target, value) => __defProp(target, "name", { value, configurable: true });
+
+// src/common/error.ts
+function raise(ErrorClass, message) {
+  throw new ErrorClass(message);
+}
+__name(raise, "raise");
+var ERR = {
+  // Range / index
+  indexOutOfRange: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((index, min, max, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Index ${index} is out of range [${min}, ${max}].`, "indexOutOfRange"),
+  invalidIndex: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Index must be an integer.`, "invalidIndex"),
+  // Type / argument
+  invalidArgument: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((reason, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${reason}`, "invalidArgument"),
+  comparatorRequired: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Comparator is required for non-number/non-string/non-Date keys.`, "comparatorRequired"),
+  invalidKey: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((reason, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${reason}`, "invalidKey"),
+  notAFunction: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((name, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${name} must be a function.`, "notAFunction"),
+  invalidEntry: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Each entry must be a [key, value] tuple.`, "invalidEntry"),
+  invalidNaN: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}NaN is not a valid key.`, "invalidNaN"),
+  invalidDate: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Invalid Date key.`, "invalidDate"),
+  reduceEmpty: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Reduce of empty structure with no initial value.`, "reduceEmpty"),
+  callbackReturnType: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expected, got, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}Callback must return ${expected}; got ${got}.`, "callbackReturnType"),
+  // State / operation
+  invalidOperation: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((reason, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${reason}`, "invalidOperation"),
+  // Matrix
+  matrixDimensionMismatch: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((op) => `Matrix: Dimensions must be compatible for ${op}.`, "matrixDimensionMismatch"),
+  matrixSingular: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => "Matrix: Singular matrix, inverse does not exist.", "matrixSingular"),
+  matrixNotSquare: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => "Matrix: Must be square for inversion.", "matrixNotSquare"),
+  matrixNotRectangular: /* @__PURE__ */ __name(() => "Matrix: Must be rectangular for transposition.", "matrixNotRectangular"),
+  matrixRowMismatch: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((expected, got) => `Matrix: Expected row length ${expected}, but got ${got}.`, "matrixRowMismatch"),
+  // Order statistic
+  orderStatisticNotEnabled: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((method, ctx) => `${ctx ? ctx + ": " : ""}${method}() requires enableOrderStatistic: true.`, "orderStatisticNotEnabled")
+};
+
+// src/data-structures/base/iterable-element-base.ts
+var IterableElementBase = class {
+  static {
+    __name(this, "IterableElementBase");
+  }
+  /**
+   * Create a new iterable base.
+   *
+   * @param options Optional behavior overrides. When provided, a `toElementFn`
+   * is used to convert a raw element (`R`) into a public element (`E`).
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(1), Space O(1).
+   */
+  constructor(options) {
+    if (options) {
+      const { toElementFn } = options;
+      if (typeof toElementFn === "function") this._toElementFn = toElementFn;
+      else if (toElementFn) raise(TypeError, "toElementFn must be a function type");
+    }
+  }
+  /**
+   * The converter used to transform a raw element (`R`) into a public element (`E`).
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(1), Space O(1).
+   */
+  _toElementFn;
+  /**
+   * Exposes the current `toElementFn`, if configured.
+   *
+   * @returns The converter function or `undefined` when not set.
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(1), Space O(1).
+   */
+  get toElementFn() {
+    return this._toElementFn;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Returns an iterator over the structure's elements.
+   *
+   * @param args Optional iterator arguments forwarded to the internal iterator.
+   * @returns An `IterableIterator<E>` that yields the elements in traversal order.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Producing the iterator is O(1); consuming the entire iterator is Time O(n) with O(1) extra space.
+   */
+  *[Symbol.iterator](...args) {
+    yield* this._getIterator(...args);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Returns an iterator over the values (alias of the default iterator).
+   *
+   * @returns An `IterableIterator<E>` over all elements.
+   * @remarks
+   * Creating the iterator is O(1); full iteration is Time O(n), Space O(1).
+   */
+  *values() {
+    for (const item of this) yield item;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Tests whether all elements satisfy the predicate.
+   *
+   * @template TReturn
+   * @param predicate Function invoked for each element with signature `(value, index, self)`.
+   * @param thisArg Optional `this` binding for the predicate.
+   * @returns `true` if every element passes; otherwise `false`.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(n) in the worst case; may exit early when the first failure is found. Space O(1).
+   */
+  every(predicate, thisArg) {
+    let index = 0;
+    for (const item of this) {
+      if (thisArg === void 0) {
+        if (!predicate(item, index++, this)) return false;
+      } else {
+        const fn = predicate;
+        if (!fn.call(thisArg, item, index++, this)) return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Tests whether at least one element satisfies the predicate.
+   *
+   * @param predicate Function invoked for each element with signature `(value, index, self)`.
+   * @param thisArg Optional `this` binding for the predicate.
+   * @returns `true` if any element passes; otherwise `false`.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(n) in the worst case; may exit early on first success. Space O(1).
+   */
+  some(predicate, thisArg) {
+    let index = 0;
+    for (const item of this) {
+      if (thisArg === void 0) {
+        if (predicate(item, index++, this)) return true;
+      } else {
+        const fn = predicate;
+        if (fn.call(thisArg, item, index++, this)) return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Invokes a callback for each element in iteration order.
+   *
+   * @param callbackfn Function invoked per element with signature `(value, index, self)`.
+   * @param thisArg Optional `this` binding for the callback.
+   * @returns `void`.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(n), Space O(1).
+   */
+  forEach(callbackfn, thisArg) {
+    let index = 0;
+    for (const item of this) {
+      if (thisArg === void 0) {
+        callbackfn(item, index++, this);
+      } else {
+        const fn = callbackfn;
+        fn.call(thisArg, item, index++, this);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  // Implementation signature
+  find(predicate, thisArg) {
+    let index = 0;
+    for (const item of this) {
+      if (thisArg === void 0) {
+        if (predicate(item, index++, this)) return item;
+      } else {
+        const fn = predicate;
+        if (fn.call(thisArg, item, index++, this)) return item;
+      }
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Checks whether a strictly-equal element exists in the structure.
+   *
+   * @param element The element to test with `===` equality.
+   * @returns `true` if an equal element is found; otherwise `false`.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(n) in the worst case. Space O(1).
+   */
+  has(element) {
+    for (const ele of this) if (ele === element) return true;
+    return false;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Reduces all elements to a single accumulated value.
+   *
+   * @overload
+   * @param callbackfn Reducer of signature `(acc, value, index, self) => nextAcc`. The first element is used as the initial accumulator.
+   * @returns The final accumulated value typed as `E`.
+   *
+   * @overload
+   * @param callbackfn Reducer of signature `(acc, value, index, self) => nextAcc`.
+   * @param initialValue The initial accumulator value of type `E`.
+   * @returns The final accumulated value typed as `E`.
+   *
+   * @overload
+   * @template U The accumulator type when it differs from `E`.
+   * @param callbackfn Reducer of signature `(acc: U, value, index, self) => U`.
+   * @param initialValue The initial accumulator value of type `U`.
+   * @returns The final accumulated value typed as `U`.
+   *
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(n), Space O(1). Throws if called on an empty structure without `initialValue`.
+   */
+  reduce(callbackfn, initialValue) {
+    let index = 0;
+    const iter = this[Symbol.iterator]();
+    let acc;
+    if (arguments.length >= 2) {
+      acc = initialValue;
+    } else {
+      const first = iter.next();
+      if (first.done) raise(TypeError, "Reduce of empty structure with no initial value");
+      acc = first.value;
+      index = 1;
+    }
+    for (const value of iter) {
+      acc = callbackfn(acc, value, index++, this);
+    }
+    return acc;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Materializes the elements into a new array.
+   *
+   * @returns A shallow array copy of the iteration order.
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(n), Space O(n).
+   */
+  toArray() {
+    return [...this];
+  }
+  /**
+   * Returns a representation of the structure suitable for quick visualization.
+   * Defaults to an array of elements; subclasses may override to provide richer visuals.
+   *
+   * @returns A visual representation (array by default).
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(n), Space O(n).
+   */
+  toVisual() {
+    return [...this];
+  }
+  /**
+   * Prints `toVisual()` to the console. Intended for quick debugging.
+   *
+   * @returns `void`.
+   * @remarks
+   * Time O(n) due to materialization, Space O(n) for the intermediate representation.
+   */
+  print() {
+    console.log(this.toVisual());
+  }
+};
+
+// src/data-structures/heap/heap.ts
+var Heap = class _Heap extends IterableElementBase {
+  static {
+    __name(this, "Heap");
+  }
+  _equals = Object.is;
+  /**
+   * Create a Heap and optionally bulk-insert elements.
+   * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+   * @param [elements] - Iterable of elements (or raw values if toElementFn is set).
+   * @param [options] - Options such as comparator and toElementFn.
+   * @returns New Heap instance.
+   */
+  constructor(elements = [], options) {
+    super(options);
+    if (options) {
+      const { comparator } = options;
+      if (comparator) this._comparator = comparator;
+    }
+    this.addMany(elements);
+  }
+  _elements = [];
+  /**
+   * Get the backing array of the heap.
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   * @returns Internal elements array.
+   */
+  get elements() {
+    return this._elements;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Get the number of elements.
+    * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+    * @returns Heap size.
+    
+    
+    
+    
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+    
+    
+     * @example
+  * // Track heap capacity
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>();
+  *     console.log(heap.size); // 0;
+  *     heap.add(10);
+  *     heap.add(20);
+  *     console.log(heap.size); // 2;
+  *     heap.poll();
+  *     console.log(heap.size); // 1;
+    */
+  get size() {
+    return this.elements.length;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Get the last leaf element.
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   * @returns Last element or undefined.
+   */
+  get leaf() {
+    return this.elements[this.size - 1] ?? void 0;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Create a heap of the same class from an iterable.
+   * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+   * @template T
+   * @template R
+   * @template S
+   * @param [elements] - Iterable of elements or raw records.
+   * @param [options] - Heap options including comparator.
+   * @returns A new heap instance of this class.
+   */
+  static from(elements, options) {
+    return new this(elements, options);
+  }
+  /**
+   * Build a Heap from an iterable in linear time given a comparator.
+   * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+   * @template EE
+   * @template RR
+   * @param elements - Iterable of elements.
+   * @param options - Heap options including comparator.
+   * @returns A new Heap built from elements.
+   */
+  static heapify(elements, options) {
+    return new _Heap(elements, options);
+  }
+  /**
+    * Insert an element.
+    * @remarks Time O(1) amortized, Space O(1)
+    * @param element - Element to insert.
+    * @returns True.
+    
+    
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+    
+     * @example
+  * // basic Heap creation and add operation
+  *  // Create a min heap (default)
+  *     const minHeap = new Heap([5, 3, 7, 1, 9, 2]);
+  *
+  *     // Verify size
+  *     console.log(minHeap.size); // 6;
+  *
+  *     // Add new element
+  *     minHeap.add(4);
+  *     console.log(minHeap.size); // 7;
+  *
+  *     // Min heap property: smallest element at root
+  *     const min = minHeap.peek();
+  *     console.log(min); // 1;
+    */
+  add(element) {
+    this._elements.push(element);
+    return this._bubbleUp(this.elements.length - 1);
+  }
+  /**
+    * Insert many elements from an iterable.
+    * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(1)
+    * @param elements - Iterable of elements or raw values.
+    * @returns Array of per-element success flags.
+    
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+    
+     * @example
+  * // Add multiple elements
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     heap.addMany([5, 3, 7, 1]);
+  *     console.log(heap.peek()); // 1;
+  *     console.log(heap.size); // 4;
+    */
+  addMany(elements) {
+    const flags = [];
+    for (const el of elements) {
+      if (this.toElementFn) {
+        const ok = this.add(this.toElementFn(el));
+        flags.push(ok);
+      } else {
+        const ok = this.add(el);
+        flags.push(ok);
+      }
+    }
+    return flags;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Remove and return the top element.
+    * @remarks Time O(log N), Space O(1)
+    * @returns Top element or undefined.
+    
+    
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+    
+     * @example
+  * // Heap with custom comparator (MaxHeap behavior)
+  *  interface Task {
+  *       id: number;
+  *       priority: number;
+  *       name: string;
+  *     }
+  *
+  *     // Custom comparator for max heap behavior (higher priority first)
+  *     const tasks: Task[] = [
+  *       { id: 1, priority: 5, name: 'Email' },
+  *       { id: 2, priority: 3, name: 'Chat' },
+  *       { id: 3, priority: 8, name: 'Alert' }
+  *     ];
+  *
+  *     const maxHeap = new Heap(tasks, {
+  *       comparator: (a: Task, b: Task) => b.priority - a.priority
+  *     });
+  *
+  *     console.log(maxHeap.size); // 3;
+  *
+  *     // Peek returns highest priority task
+  *     const topTask = maxHeap.peek();
+  *     console.log(topTask?.priority); // 8;
+  *     console.log(topTask?.name); // 'Alert';
+    */
+  poll() {
+    if (this.elements.length === 0) return;
+    const value = this.elements[0];
+    const last = this.elements.pop();
+    if (this.elements.length) {
+      this.elements[0] = last;
+      this._sinkDown(0, this.elements.length >> 1);
+    }
+    return value;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Get the current top element without removing it.
+    * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+    * @returns Top element or undefined.
+    
+    
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+    
+     * @example
+  * // Heap for event processing with priority
+  *  interface Event {
+  *       id: number;
+  *       type: 'critical' | 'warning' | 'info';
+  *       timestamp: number;
+  *       message: string;
+  *     }
+  *
+  *     // Custom priority: critical > warning > info
+  *     const priorityMap = { critical: 3, warning: 2, info: 1 };
+  *
+  *     const eventHeap = new Heap<Event>([], {
+  *       comparator: (a: Event, b: Event) => {
+  *         const priorityA = priorityMap[a.type];
+  *         const priorityB = priorityMap[b.type];
+  *         return priorityB - priorityA; // Higher priority first
+  *       }
+  *     });
+  *
+  *     // Add events in random order
+  *     eventHeap.add({ id: 1, type: 'info', timestamp: 100, message: 'User logged in' });
+  *     eventHeap.add({ id: 2, type: 'critical', timestamp: 101, message: 'Server down' });
+  *     eventHeap.add({ id: 3, type: 'warning', timestamp: 102, message: 'High memory' });
+  *     eventHeap.add({ id: 4, type: 'info', timestamp: 103, message: 'Cache cleared' });
+  *     eventHeap.add({ id: 5, type: 'critical', timestamp: 104, message: 'Database error' });
+  *
+  *     console.log(eventHeap.size); // 5;
+  *
+  *     // Process events by priority (critical first)
+  *     const processedOrder: Event[] = [];
+  *     while (eventHeap.size > 0) {
+  *       const event = eventHeap.poll();
+  *       if (event) {
+  *         processedOrder.push(event);
+  *       }
+  *     }
+  *
+  *     // Verify critical events came first
+  *     console.log(processedOrder[0].type); // 'critical';
+  *     console.log(processedOrder[1].type); // 'critical';
+  *     console.log(processedOrder[2].type); // 'warning';
+  *     console.log(processedOrder[3].type); // 'info';
+  *     console.log(processedOrder[4].type); // 'info';
+  *
+  *     // Verify O(log n) operations
+  *     const newHeap = new Heap<number>([5, 3, 7, 1]);
+  *
+  *     // Add - O(log n)
+  *     newHeap.add(2);
+  *     console.log(newHeap.size); // 5;
+  *
+  *     // Poll - O(log n)
+  *     const removed = newHeap.poll();
+  *     console.log(removed); // 1;
+  *
+  *     // Peek - O(1)
+  *     const top = newHeap.peek();
+  *     console.log(top); // 2;
+    */
+  peek() {
+    return this.elements[0];
+  }
+  /**
+    * Check whether the heap is empty.
+    * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+    * @returns True if size is 0.
+    
+    
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+     * @example
+  * // Check if heap is empty
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     console.log(heap.isEmpty()); // true;
+  *     heap.add(1);
+  *     console.log(heap.isEmpty()); // false;
+    */
+  isEmpty() {
+    return this.size === 0;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Remove all elements.
+    * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+    * @returns void
+    
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+     * @example
+  * // Remove all elements
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([1, 2, 3], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     heap.clear();
+  *     console.log(heap.isEmpty()); // true;
+    */
+  clear() {
+    this._elements = [];
+  }
+  /**
+   * Replace the backing array and rebuild the heap.
+   * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+   * @param elements - Iterable used to refill the heap.
+   * @returns Array of per-node results from fixing steps.
+   */
+  refill(elements) {
+    this._elements = Array.from(elements);
+    return this.fix();
+  }
+  /**
+    * Check if an equal element exists in the heap.
+    * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
+    * @param element - Element to search for.
+    * @returns True if found.
+    
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+    
+     * @example
+  * // Check element existence
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([3, 1, 2], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     console.log(heap.has(1)); // true;
+  *     console.log(heap.has(99)); // false;
+    */
+  has(element) {
+    for (const el of this.elements) if (this._equals(el, element)) return true;
+    return false;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Delete one occurrence of an element.
+    * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
+    * @param element - Element to delete.
+    * @returns True if an element was removed.
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+     * @example
+  * // Remove specific element
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([3, 1, 4, 1, 5], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     heap.delete(4);
+  *     console.log(heap.toArray().includes(4)); // false;
+    */
+  delete(element) {
+    let index = -1;
+    for (let i = 0; i < this.elements.length; i++) {
+      if (this._equals(this.elements[i], element)) {
+        index = i;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (index < 0) return false;
+    if (index === 0) {
+      this.poll();
+    } else if (index === this.elements.length - 1) {
+      this.elements.pop();
+    } else {
+      this.elements.splice(index, 1, this.elements.pop());
+      this._bubbleUp(index);
+      this._sinkDown(index, this.elements.length >> 1);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Delete the first element that matches a predicate.
+   * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
+   * @param predicate - Function (element, index, heap) → boolean.
+   * @returns True if an element was removed.
+   */
+  deleteBy(predicate) {
+    let idx = -1;
+    for (let i = 0; i < this.elements.length; i++) {
+      if (predicate(this.elements[i], i, this)) {
+        idx = i;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (idx < 0) return false;
+    if (idx === 0) {
+      this.poll();
+    } else if (idx === this.elements.length - 1) {
+      this.elements.pop();
+    } else {
+      this.elements.splice(idx, 1, this.elements.pop());
+      this._bubbleUp(idx);
+      this._sinkDown(idx, this.elements.length >> 1);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Set the equality comparator used by has/delete operations.
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   * @param equals - Equality predicate (a, b) → boolean.
+   * @returns This heap.
+   */
+  setEquality(equals) {
+    this._equals = equals;
+    return this;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Traverse the binary heap as a complete binary tree and collect elements.
+    * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(H)
+    * @param [order] - Traversal order: 'PRE' | 'IN' | 'POST'.
+    * @returns Array of visited elements.
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+     * @example
+  * // Depth-first traversal
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([3, 1, 2], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     const result = heap.dfs('IN');
+  *     console.log(result.length); // 3;
+    */
+  dfs(order = "PRE") {
+    const result = [];
+    const _dfs = /* @__PURE__ */ __name((index) => {
+      const left = 2 * index + 1, right = left + 1;
+      if (index < this.size) {
+        if (order === "IN") {
+          _dfs(left);
+          result.push(this.elements[index]);
+          _dfs(right);
+        } else if (order === "PRE") {
+          result.push(this.elements[index]);
+          _dfs(left);
+          _dfs(right);
+        } else if (order === "POST") {
+          _dfs(left);
+          _dfs(right);
+          result.push(this.elements[index]);
+        }
+      }
+    }, "_dfs");
+    _dfs(0);
+    return result;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Restore heap order bottom-up (heapify in-place).
+   * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(1)
+   * @returns Array of per-node results from fixing steps.
+   */
+  fix() {
+    const results = [];
+    for (let i = Math.floor(this.size / 2) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+      results.push(this._sinkDown(i, this.elements.length >> 1));
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Return all elements in ascending order by repeatedly polling.
+    * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
+    * @returns Sorted array of elements.
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+     * @example
+  * // Sort elements using heap
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([5, 1, 3, 2, 4]);
+  *     const sorted = heap.sort();
+  *     console.log(sorted); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
+    */
+  sort() {
+    const visited = [];
+    const cloned = this._createInstance();
+    for (const x of this.elements) cloned.add(x);
+    while (!cloned.isEmpty()) {
+      const top = cloned.poll();
+      if (top !== void 0) visited.push(top);
+    }
+    return visited;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Deep clone this heap.
+    * @remarks Time O(N), Space O(N)
+    * @returns A new heap with the same elements.
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+     * @example
+  * // Create independent copy
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([3, 1, 4], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     const copy = heap.clone();
+  *     copy.poll();
+  *     console.log(heap.size); // 3;
+  *     console.log(copy.size); // 2;
+    */
+  clone() {
+    const next = this._createInstance();
+    for (const x of this.elements) next.add(x);
+    return next;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Filter elements into a new heap of the same class.
+    * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
+    * @param callback - Predicate (element, index, heap) → boolean to keep element.
+    * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the callback.
+    * @returns A new heap with the kept elements.
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+     * @example
+  * // Filter elements
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     const evens = heap.filter(x => x % 2 === 0);
+  *     console.log(evens.size); // 2;
+    */
+  filter(callback, thisArg) {
+    const out = this._createInstance();
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const x of this) {
+      if (thisArg === void 0 ? callback(x, i++, this) : callback.call(thisArg, x, i++, this)) {
+        out.add(x);
+      } else {
+        i++;
+      }
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+  /**
+    * Map elements into a new heap of possibly different element type.
+    * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
+    * @template EM
+    * @template RM
+    * @param callback - Mapping function (element, index, heap) → newElement.
+    * @param options - Options for the output heap, including comparator for EM.
+    * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the callback.
+    * @returns A new heap with mapped elements.
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+     * @example
+  * // Transform elements
+  *  const heap = new Heap<number>([1, 2, 3], { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     const doubled = heap.map(x => x * 2, { comparator: (a, b) => a - b });
+  *     console.log(doubled.peek()); // 2;
+    */
+  map(callback, options, thisArg) {
+    const { comparator, toElementFn, ...rest } = options ?? {};
+    if (!comparator) raise(TypeError, ERR.comparatorRequired("Heap.map"));
+    const out = this._createLike([], { ...rest, comparator, toElementFn });
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const x of this) {
+      const v = thisArg === void 0 ? callback(x, i++, this) : callback.call(thisArg, x, i++, this);
+      out.add(v);
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+  /**
+   * Map elements into a new heap of the same element type.
+   * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
+   * @param callback - Mapping function (element, index, heap) → element.
+   * @param [thisArg] - Value for `this` inside the callback.
+   * @returns A new heap with mapped elements.
+   */
+  mapSame(callback, thisArg) {
+    const out = this._createInstance();
+    let i = 0;
+    for (const x of this) {
+      const v = thisArg === void 0 ? callback(x, i++, this) : callback.call(thisArg, x, i++, this);
+      out.add(v);
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+  _DEFAULT_COMPARATOR = /* @__PURE__ */ __name((a, b) => {
+    if (typeof a === "object" || typeof b === "object") {
+      raise(TypeError, ERR.comparatorRequired("Heap"));
+    }
+    if (a > b) return 1;
+    if (a < b) return -1;
+    return 0;
+  }, "_DEFAULT_COMPARATOR");
+  _comparator = this._DEFAULT_COMPARATOR;
+  /**
+   * Get the comparator used to order elements.
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   * @returns Comparator function.
+   */
+  get comparator() {
+    return this._comparator;
+  }
+  *_getIterator() {
+    for (const element of this.elements) yield element;
+  }
+  _bubbleUp(index) {
+    const element = this.elements[index];
+    while (index > 0) {
+      const parent = index - 1 >> 1;
+      const parentItem = this.elements[parent];
+      if (this.comparator(parentItem, element) <= 0) break;
+      this.elements[index] = parentItem;
+      index = parent;
+    }
+    this.elements[index] = element;
+    return true;
+  }
+  _sinkDown(index, halfLength) {
+    const element = this.elements[index];
+    while (index < halfLength) {
+      let left = index << 1 | 1;
+      const right = left + 1;
+      let minItem = this.elements[left];
+      if (right < this.elements.length && this.comparator(minItem, this.elements[right]) > 0) {
+        left = right;
+        minItem = this.elements[right];
+      }
+      if (this.comparator(minItem, element) >= 0) break;
+      this.elements[index] = minItem;
+      index = left;
+    }
+    this.elements[index] = element;
+    return true;
+  }
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Create an empty instance of the same concrete class.
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   * @param [options] - Options to override comparator or toElementFn.
+   * @returns A like-kind empty heap instance.
+   */
+  _createInstance(options) {
+    const Ctor = this.constructor;
+    return new Ctor([], { comparator: this.comparator, toElementFn: this.toElementFn, ...options ?? {} });
+  }
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Create a like-kind instance seeded by elements.
+   * @remarks Time O(N log N), Space O(N)
+   * @template EM
+   * @template RM
+   * @param [elements] - Iterable of elements or raw values to seed.
+   * @param [options] - Options forwarded to the constructor.
+   * @returns A like-kind heap instance.
+   */
+  _createLike(elements = [], options) {
+    const Ctor = this.constructor;
+    return new Ctor(elements, options);
+  }
+  /**
+   * (Protected) Spawn an empty like-kind heap instance.
+   * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+   * @template EM
+   * @template RM
+   * @param [options] - Options forwarded to the constructor.
+   * @returns An empty like-kind heap instance.
+   */
+  _spawnLike(options) {
+    return this._createLike([], options);
+  }
+};
+
+// src/data-structures/priority-queue/priority-queue.ts
+var PriorityQueue = class extends Heap {
+  static {
+    __name(this, "PriorityQueue");
+  }
+  constructor(elements = [], options) {
+    super(elements, options);
+  }
+};
+
+// src/data-structures/priority-queue/min-priority-queue.ts
+var MinPriorityQueue = class extends PriorityQueue {
+  static {
+    __name(this, "MinPriorityQueue");
+  }
+  /**
+   * Creates a min-priority queue.
+   * @param elements Optional initial elements to insert.
+   * @param options Optional configuration (e.g., `comparator`, `toElementFn`).
+   * @remarks Complexity — Time: O(n log n) when inserting n elements incrementally; Space: O(n).
+   */
+  constructor(elements = [], options) {
+    super(elements, options);
+  }
+};
+
+// src/data-structures/priority-queue/max-priority-queue.ts
+var MaxPriorityQueue = class extends PriorityQueue {
+  static {
+    __name(this, "MaxPriorityQueue");
+  }
+  /**
+   * Creates a max-priority queue.
+   * @param elements Optional initial elements to insert.
+   * @param options Optional configuration (e.g., `comparator`, `toElementFn`).
+   * @throws {TypeError} Thrown when using the default comparator with object elements (provide a custom comparator).
+   * @remarks Complexity — Time: O(n log n) when inserting n elements incrementally; Space: O(n).
+   */
+  constructor(elements = [], options) {
+    super(elements, {
+      comparator: /* @__PURE__ */ __name((a, b) => {
+        if (typeof a === "object" || typeof b === "object") {
+          raise(TypeError, ERR.comparatorRequired("MaxPriorityQueue"));
+        }
+        if (a < b) return 1;
+        if (a > b) return -1;
+        return 0;
+      }, "comparator"),
+      ...options
+    });
+  }
+};
+/**
+ * data-structure-typed
+ *
+ * @author Pablo Zeng
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2022 Pablo Zeng <zrwusa@gmail.com>
+ * @license MIT License
+ */
+/**
+ * data-structure-typed
+ *
+ * @author Kirk Qi
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2022 Kirk Qi <qilinaus@gmail.com>
+ * @license MIT License
+ */
+
+exports.MaxPriorityQueue = MaxPriorityQueue;
+exports.MinPriorityQueue = MinPriorityQueue;
+exports.PriorityQueue = PriorityQueue;
+//# sourceMappingURL=priority-queue.cjs.map
+//# sourceMappingURL=priority-queue.cjs.map