data-structure-typed 2.0.5 → 2.1.0

package/dist/esm/data-structures/base/linear-base.js

@@ -1,31 +1,66 @@
 import { IterableElementBase } from './iterable-element-base';
+/**
+ * Singly-linked list node.
+ * @template E - Element type.
+ * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+ */
 export class LinkedListNode {
+    /**
+     * Initialize a node.
+     * @param value - Element value.
+     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+     */
     constructor(value) {
         this._value = value;
         this._next = undefined;
     }
     _value;
+    /**
+     * Element payload getter.
+     * @returns Element value.
+     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+     */
     get value() {
         return this._value;
     }
+    /**
+     * Element payload setter.
+     * @param value - New value.
+     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+     */
     set value(value) {
         this._value = value;
     }
     _next;
+    /**
+     * Next node getter.
+     * @returns Next node or `undefined`.
+     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+     */
     get next() {
         return this._next;
     }
+    /**
+     * Next node setter.
+     * @param value - Next node or `undefined`.
+     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+     */
     set next(value) {
         this._next = value;
     }
 }
+/**
+ * Abstract linear container with array-like utilities.
+ * @template E - Element type.
+ * @template R - Return type for mapped/derived views.
+ * @template NODE - Linked node type used by some implementations.
+ * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+ */
 export class LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
     /**
-     * The constructor initializes the LinearBase class with optional options, setting the maximum length
-     * if provided.
-     * @param [options] - The `options` parameter is an optional object that can be passed to the
-     * constructor. It is of type `LinearBaseOptions<E, R>`. The constructor checks if the `options`
-     * object is provided and then extracts the `maxLen` property from it. If `maxLen` is a
+     * Construct a linear container with runtime options.
+     * @param options - `{ maxLen?, ... }` bounds/behavior options.
+     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
      */
     constructor(options) {
         super(options);
@@ -36,58 +71,41 @@ export class LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
         }
     }
     _maxLen = -1;
+    /**
+     * Upper bound for length (if positive), or `-1` when unbounded.
+     * @returns Maximum allowed length.
+     * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+     */
     get maxLen() {
         return this._maxLen;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     *
-     * The function indexOf searches for a specified element starting from a given index in an array-like
-     * object and returns the index of the first occurrence, or -1 if not found.
-     * @param {E} searchElement - The `searchElement` parameter in the `indexOf` function represents the
-     * element that you want to find within the array. The function will search for this element starting
-     * from the `fromIndex` (if provided) up to the end of the array. If the `searchElement` is found
-     * within the
-     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] - The `fromIndex` parameter in the `indexOf` function represents the
-     * index at which to start searching for the `searchElement` within the array. If provided, the
-     * search will begin at this index and continue to the end of the array. If `fromIndex` is not
-     * specified, the default
-     * @returns The `indexOf` method is returning the index of the `searchElement` if it is found in the
-     * array starting from the `fromIndex`. If the `searchElement` is not found, it returns -1.
+     * First index of a value from the left.
+     * @param searchElement - Value to match.
+     * @param fromIndex - Start position (supports negative index).
+     * @returns Index or `-1` if not found.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
      */
     indexOf(searchElement, fromIndex = 0) {
-        // Boundary checks and adjustments
         if (this.length === 0)
             return -1;
         if (fromIndex < 0)
             fromIndex = this.length + fromIndex;
         if (fromIndex < 0)
             fromIndex = 0;
-        // Iterating from the specified index to the end
         for (let i = fromIndex; i < this.length; i++) {
             const element = this.at(i);
             if (element === searchElement)
                 return i;
         }
-        return -1; // Not found
+        return -1;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     *
-     * The function `lastIndexOf` in TypeScript returns the index of the last occurrence of a specified
-     * element in an array.
-     * @param {E} searchElement - The `searchElement` parameter is the element that you want to find the
-     * last index of within the array. The `lastIndexOf` method will search the array starting from the
-     * `fromIndex` (or the end of the array if not specified) and return the index of the last occurrence
-     * of the
-     * @param {number} fromIndex - The `fromIndex` parameter in the `lastIndexOf` method specifies the
-     * index at which to start searching for the `searchElement` in the array. By default, it starts
-     * searching from the last element of the array (`this.length - 1`). If a specific `fromIndex` is
-     * provided
-     * @returns The last index of the `searchElement` in the array is being returned. If the
-     * `searchElement` is not found in the array, -1 is returned.
+     * Last index of a value from the right.
+     * @param searchElement - Value to match.
+     * @param fromIndex - Start position (supports negative index).
+     * @returns Index or `-1` if not found.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
      */
     lastIndexOf(searchElement, fromIndex = this.length - 1) {
         if (this.length === 0)
@@ -104,19 +122,11 @@ export class LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
         return -1;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     *
-     * The `findIndex` function iterates over an array and returns the index of the first element that
-     * satisfies the provided predicate function.
-     * @param predicate - The `predicate` parameter in the `findIndex` function is a callback function
-     * that takes three arguments: `item`, `index`, and the array `this`. It should return a boolean
-     * value indicating whether the current element satisfies the condition being checked for.
-     * @param {any} [thisArg] - The `thisArg` parameter in the `findIndex` function is an optional
-     * parameter that specifies the value to use as `this` when executing the `predicate` function. If
-     * provided, the `predicate` function will be called with `thisArg` as its `this` value. If `
-     * @returns The `findIndex` method is returning the index of the first element in the array that
-     * satisfies the provided predicate function. If no such element is found, it returns -1.
+     * Find the first index matching a predicate.
+     * @param predicate - `(element, index, self) => boolean`.
+     * @param thisArg - Optional `this` for callback.
+     * @returns Index or `-1`.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
      */
     findIndex(predicate, thisArg) {
         for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
@@ -127,15 +137,10 @@ export class LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
         return -1;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n + m)
-     * Space Complexity: O(n + m)
-     *
-     * The `concat` function in TypeScript concatenates multiple items into a new list, handling both
-     * individual elements and instances of `LinearBase`.
-     * @param {(E | this)[]} items - The `concat` method takes in an array of items, where
-     * each item can be either of type `E` or an instance of `LinearBase<E, R>`.
-     * @returns The `concat` method is returning a new instance of the class that it belongs to, with the
-     * items passed as arguments concatenated to it.
+     * Concatenate elements and/or containers.
+     * @param items - Elements or other containers.
+     * @returns New container with combined elements (`this` type).
+     * @remarks Time O(sum(length)), Space O(sum(length))
      */
     concat(...items) {
         const newList = this.clone();
@@ -150,16 +155,10 @@ export class LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
         return newList;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n log n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(n)
-     *
-     * The `sort` function in TypeScript sorts the elements of a collection using a specified comparison
-     * function.
-     * @param [compareFn] - The `compareFn` parameter is a function that defines the sort order. It takes
-     * two elements `a` and `b` as input and returns a number indicating their relative order. If the
-     * returned value is negative, `a` comes before `b`. If the returned value is positive, `
-     * @returns The `sort` method is returning the instance of the object on which it is called (this),
-     * after sorting the elements based on the provided comparison function (compareFn).
+     * In-place stable order via array sort semantics.
+     * @param compareFn - Comparator `(a, b) => number`.
+     * @returns This container.
+     * @remarks Time O(n log n), Space O(n) (materializes to array temporarily)
      */
     sort(compareFn) {
         const arr = this.toArray();
@@ -170,69 +169,42 @@ export class LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
         return this;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n + m)
-     * Space Complexity: O(m)
-     *
-     * The `splice` function in TypeScript removes elements from an array and optionally inserts new
-     * elements at the specified index.
-     * @param {number} start - The `start` parameter in the `splice` method indicates the index at which
-     * to start modifying the array. If `start` is a negative number, it will count from the end of the
-     * array.
-     * @param {number} [deleteCount=0] - The `deleteCount` parameter in the `splice` method specifies the
-     * number of elements to remove from the array starting at the specified `start` index. If
-     * `deleteCount` is not provided or is 0, no elements are removed, and only new elements are inserted
-     * at the `start`
-     * @param {E[]} items - The `items` parameter in the `splice` method represents the elements that
-     * will be inserted into the array at the specified `start` index. These elements can be of any type
-     * and you can pass multiple elements separated by commas. The `splice` method will insert these
-     * items into the array at the
-     * @returns The `splice` method returns a list of elements that were removed from the original list
-     * during the operation.
+     * Remove and/or insert elements at a position (array-compatible).
+     * @param start - Start index (supports negative index).
+     * @param deleteCount - How many to remove.
+     * @param items - Elements to insert.
+     * @returns Removed elements as a new list (`this` type).
+     * @remarks Time O(n + m), Space O(min(n, m)) where `m = items.length`
      */
     splice(start, deleteCount = 0, ...items) {
         const removedList = this._createInstance();
-        // Handling negative indexes and bounds
         start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
         start = Math.max(0, Math.min(start, this.length));
         deleteCount = Math.max(0, Math.min(deleteCount, this.length - start));
-        // Delete elements
         for (let i = 0; i < deleteCount; i++) {
-            const removed = this.deleteAt(start); // Always delete the start position
+            const removed = this.deleteAt(start);
             if (removed !== undefined) {
-                removedList.push(removed); // Add removed elements to the returned list
+                removedList.push(removed);
             }
         }
-        // Insert new element
         for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
-            this.addAt(start + i, items[i]); // Insert new elements one by one at the current position
+            this.addAt(start + i, items[i]);
         }
-        return removedList; // Returns a list of removed elements
+        return removedList;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     *
-     * The `join` function in TypeScript returns a string by joining the elements of an array with a
-     * specified separator.
-     * @param {string} [separator=,] - The `separator` parameter is a string that specifies the character
-     * or characters that will be used to separate each element when joining them into a single string.
-     * By default, the separator is set to a comma (`,`), but you can provide a different separator if
-     * needed.
-     * @returns The `join` method is being returned, which takes an optional `separator` parameter
-     * (defaulting to a comma) and returns a string created by joining all elements of the array after
-     * converting it to an array.
+     * Join all elements into a string.
+     * @param separator - Separator string.
+     * @returns Concatenated string.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
      */
     join(separator = ',') {
         return this.toArray().join(separator);
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(n)
-     *
-     * The function `toReversedArray` takes an array and returns a new array with its elements in reverse
-     * order.
-     * @returns The `toReversedArray()` function returns an array of elements of type `E` in reverse
-     * order.
+     * Snapshot elements into a reversed array.
+     * @returns New reversed array.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
      */
     toReversedArray() {
         const array = [];
@@ -241,21 +213,6 @@ export class LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
         }
         return array;
     }
-    /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     *
-     * The `reduceRight` function in TypeScript iterates over an array from right to left and applies a
-     * callback function to each element, accumulating a single result.
-     * @param callbackfn - The `callbackfn` parameter in the `reduceRight` method is a function that will
-     * be called on each element in the array from right to left. It takes four arguments:
-     * @param {U} [initialValue] - The `initialValue` parameter in the `reduceRight` method is an
-     * optional parameter that specifies the initial value of the accumulator. If provided, the
-     * `accumulator` will start with this initial value before iterating over the elements of the array.
-     * If `initialValue` is not provided, the accumulator will
-     * @returns The `reduceRight` method is returning the final accumulated value after applying the
-     * callback function to each element in the array from right to left.
-     */
     reduceRight(callbackfn, initialValue) {
         let accumulator = initialValue ?? 0;
         for (let i = this.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
@@ -264,20 +221,11 @@ export class LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
         return accumulator;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(m)
-     * Space Complexity: O(m)
-     *
-     * The `slice` function in TypeScript creates a new instance by extracting a portion of elements from
-     * the original instance based on the specified start and end indices.
-     * @param {number} [start=0] - The `start` parameter in the `slice` method represents the index at
-     * which to begin extracting elements from an array-like object. If no `start` parameter is provided,
-     * the default value is 0, meaning the extraction will start from the beginning of the array.
-     * @param {number} end - The `end` parameter in the `slice` method represents the index at which to
-     * end the slicing. By default, if no `end` parameter is provided, it will slice until the end of the
-     * array (i.e., `this.length`).
-     * @returns The `slice` method is returning a new instance of the object with elements sliced from
-     * the specified start index (default is 0) to the specified end index (default is the length of the
-     * object).
+     * Create a shallow copy of a subrange.
+     * @param start - Inclusive start (supports negative index).
+     * @param end - Exclusive end (supports negative index).
+     * @returns New list with the range (`this` type).
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
      */
     slice(start = 0, end = this.length) {
         start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
@@ -289,48 +237,36 @@ export class LinearBase extends IterableElementBase {
         return newList;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     *
-     * The `fill` function in TypeScript fills a specified range in an array-like object with a given
-     * value.
-     * @param {E} value - The `value` parameter in the `fill` method represents the element that will be
-     * used to fill the specified range in the array.
-     * @param [start=0] - The `start` parameter specifies the index at which to start filling the array
-     * with the specified value. If not provided, it defaults to 0, indicating the beginning of the
-     * array.
-     * @param end - The `end` parameter in the `fill` function represents the index at which the filling
-     * of values should stop. It specifies the end of the range within the array where the `value` should
-     * be filled.
-     * @returns The `fill` method is returning the modified object (`this`) after filling the specified
-     * range with the provided value.
+     * Fill a range with a value.
+     * @param value - Value to set.
+     * @param start - Inclusive start.
+     * @param end - Exclusive end.
+     * @returns This list.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
      */
     fill(value, start = 0, end = this.length) {
-        // Handling negative indexes
         start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
         end = end < 0 ? this.length + end : end;
-        // Boundary processing
         if (start < 0)
             start = 0;
         if (end > this.length)
             end = this.length;
         if (start >= end)
             return this;
-        // Iterate through the specified range and fill in the values
         for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
             this.setAt(i, value);
         }
         return this;
     }
 }
+/**
+ * Linked-list specialized linear container.
+ * @template E - Element type.
+ * @template R - Return type for mapped/derived views.
+ * @template NODE - Linked node type.
+ * @remarks Time O(1), Space O(1)
+ */
 export class LinearLinkedBase extends LinearBase {
-    /**
-     * The constructor initializes the LinearBase class with optional options, setting the maximum length
-     * if provided and valid.
-     * @param [options] - The `options` parameter is an optional object that can be passed to the
-     * constructor. It is of type `LinearBaseOptions<E, R>`. This object may contain properties such as
-     * `maxLen`, which is a number representing the maximum length. If `maxLen` is a positive integer,
-     */
     constructor(options) {
         super(options);
         if (options) {
@@ -340,23 +276,13 @@ export class LinearLinkedBase extends LinearBase {
         }
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     *
-     * The function overrides the indexOf method to improve performance by searching for an element in a
-     * custom array implementation starting from a specified index.
-     * @param {E} searchElement - The `searchElement` parameter is the element that you are searching for
-     * within the array. The `indexOf` method will return the index of the first occurrence of this
-     * element within the array.
-     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] - The `fromIndex` parameter in the `indexOf` method specifies the
-     * index in the array at which to start the search for the `searchElement`. If provided, the search
-     * will begin at the specified index and continue to the end of the array. If not provided, the
-     * search will start at index
-     * @returns The `indexOf` method is returning the index of the `searchElement` if it is found in the
-     * array starting from the `fromIndex`. If the `searchElement` is not found, it returns -1.
+     * Linked-list optimized `indexOf` (forwards scan).
+     * @param searchElement - Value to match.
+     * @param fromIndex - Start position.
+     * @returns Index or `-1`.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
      */
     indexOf(searchElement, fromIndex = 0) {
-        // In order to improve performance, it is best to override this method in the subclass of the array implementation
         const iterator = this._getIterator();
         let current = iterator.next();
         let index = 0;
@@ -373,26 +299,13 @@ export class LinearLinkedBase extends LinearBase {
         return -1;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     *
-     * The function overrides the lastIndexOf method in TypeScript to improve performance by searching
-     * for an element in reverse order starting from a specified index.
-     * @param {E} searchElement - The `searchElement` parameter is the element that you want to find
-     * within the array. The `lastIndexOf` method searches the array for this element starting from the
-     * end of the array (or from the specified `fromIndex` if provided) and returns the index of the last
-     * occurrence of the element
-     * @param {number} fromIndex - The `fromIndex` parameter in the `lastIndexOf` method specifies the
-     * index at which to start searching for the `searchElement` in the array. If provided, the search
-     * will begin at this index and move towards the beginning of the array. If not provided, the search
-     * will start at the
-     * @returns The `lastIndexOf` method is being overridden to search for the `searchElement` starting
-     * from the specified `fromIndex` (defaulting to the end of the array). It iterates over the array in
-     * reverse order using a custom iterator `_getReverseIterator` and returns the index of the last
-     * occurrence of the `searchElement` if found, or -1 if not found.
+     * Linked-list optimized `lastIndexOf` (reverse scan).
+     * @param searchElement - Value to match.
+     * @param fromIndex - Start position.
+     * @returns Index or `-1`.
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(1)
      */
     lastIndexOf(searchElement, fromIndex = this.length - 1) {
-        // In order to improve performance, it is best to override this method in the subclass of the array implementation
         const iterator = this._getReverseIterator();
         let current = iterator.next();
         let index = this.length - 1;
@@ -408,18 +321,6 @@ export class LinearLinkedBase extends LinearBase {
         }
         return -1;
     }
-    /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n + m)
-     * Space Complexity: O(n + m)
-     *
-     * The `concat` function in TypeScript overrides the default behavior to concatenate items into a new
-     * list, handling both individual elements and instances of `LinearBase`.
-     * @param {(E | LinearBase<E, R>)[]} items - The `concat` method you provided takes in a variable
-     * number of arguments of type `E` or `LinearBase<E, R>`. The method concatenates these items to the
-     * current list and returns a new list with the concatenated items.
-     * @returns The `concat` method is returning a new instance of the class that it belongs to, with the
-     * items passed as arguments concatenated to it.
-     */
     concat(...items) {
         const newList = this.clone();
         for (const item of items) {
@@ -433,21 +334,13 @@ export class LinearLinkedBase extends LinearBase {
         return newList;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(m)
-     * Space Complexity: O(m)
-     *
-     * The `slice` method is overridden to improve performance by creating a new instance and iterating
-     * through the array to extract a subset based on the specified start and end indices.
-     * @param {number} [start=0] - The `start` parameter in the `slice` method specifies the index at
-     * which to begin extracting elements from the array. If no `start` parameter is provided, the
-     * default value is 0, indicating that extraction should start from the beginning of the array.
-     * @param {number} end - The `end` parameter in the `slice` method represents the index at which to
-     * end the slicing of the array. If not provided, it defaults to the length of the array.
-     * @returns The `slice` method is returning a new instance of the array implementation with elements
-     * sliced from the original array based on the `start` and `end` parameters.
+     * Slice via forward iteration (no random access required).
+     * @param start - Inclusive start (supports negative index).
+     * @param end - Exclusive end (supports negative index).
+     * @returns New list (`this` type).
+     * @remarks Time O(n), Space O(n)
      */
     slice(start = 0, end = this.length) {
-        // In order to improve performance, it is best to override this method in the subclass of the array implementation
         start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
         end = end < 0 ? this.length + end : end;
         const newList = this._createInstance();
@@ -465,78 +358,48 @@ export class LinearLinkedBase extends LinearBase {
         return newList;
     }
     /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n + m)
-     * Space Complexity: O(m)
-     *
-     * The function overrides the splice method to handle deletion and insertion of elements in a data
-     * structure while returning the removed elements.
-     * @param {number} start - The `start` parameter in the `splice` method indicates the index at which
-     * to start modifying the array.
-     * @param {number} [deleteCount=0] - The `deleteCount` parameter in the `splice` method specifies the
-     * number of elements to remove from the array starting at the specified `start` index. If
-     * `deleteCount` is not provided, it defaults to 0, meaning no elements will be removed but new
-     * elements can still be inserted at
-     * @param {E[]} items - The `items` parameter in the `splice` method represents the elements that
-     * will be inserted into the array at the specified `start` index. These elements can be of any type
-     * and there can be multiple elements passed as arguments to be inserted into the array.
-     * @returns The `splice` method is returning a new instance of the data structure that was modified
-     * by removing elements specified by the `start` and `deleteCount` parameters, and inserting new
-     * elements provided in the `items` array.
+     * Splice by walking node iterators from the start index.
+     * @param start - Start index.
+     * @param deleteCount - How many elements to remove.
+     * @param items - Elements to insert after the splice point.
+     * @returns Removed elements as a new list (`this` type).
+     * @remarks Time O(n + m), Space O(min(n, m)) where `m = items.length`
      */
     splice(start, deleteCount = 0, ...items) {
-        const removedList = this._createInstance(); // Used to store deleted elements
-        // Handling negative indexes
+        const removedList = this._createInstance();
         start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start;
-        start = Math.max(0, Math.min(start, this.length)); // Correct start range
-        deleteCount = Math.max(0, deleteCount); // Make sure deleteCount is non-negative
+        start = Math.max(0, Math.min(start, this.length));
+        deleteCount = Math.max(0, deleteCount);
         let currentIndex = 0;
         let currentNode = undefined;
         let previousNode = undefined;
-        // Find the starting point using an iterator
         const iterator = this._getNodeIterator();
         for (const node of iterator) {
             if (currentIndex === start) {
-                currentNode = node; // Find the starting node
+                currentNode = node;
                 break;
             }
-            previousNode = node; // Update the previous node
+            previousNode = node;
             currentIndex++;
         }
-        // Delete nodes
         for (let i = 0; i < deleteCount && currentNode; i++) {
-            removedList.push(currentNode.value); // Store the deleted value in removedList
-            const nextNode = currentNode.next; // Save next node
-            this.delete(currentNode); // Delete current node
+            removedList.push(currentNode.value);
+            const nextNode = currentNode.next;
+            this.delete(currentNode);
             currentNode = nextNode;
         }
-        // Insert new value
         for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
             if (previousNode) {
-                this.addAfter(previousNode, items[i]); // Insert after previousNode
-                previousNode = previousNode.next; // Move to newly inserted node
+                this.addAfter(previousNode, items[i]);
+                previousNode = previousNode.next;
             }
             else {
-                this.addAt(0, items[i]); // Insert at the head of the linked list
-                previousNode = this._getNodeIterator().next().value; // Update the head node to be the first inserted node
+                this.addAt(0, items[i]);
+                previousNode = this._getNodeIterator().next().value;
             }
         }
         return removedList;
     }
-    /**
-     * Time Complexity: O(n)
-     * Space Complexity: O(1)
-     *
-     * The function `reduceRight` iterates over an array in reverse order and applies a callback function
-     * to each element, accumulating a single result.
-     * @param callbackfn - The `callbackfn` parameter is a function that will be called on each element
-     * of the array from right to left. It takes four arguments:
-     * @param {U} [initialValue] - The `initialValue` parameter is an optional value that is used as the
-     * initial accumulator value in the reduce operation. If provided, the reduce operation starts with
-     * this initial value and iterates over the elements of the array, applying the callback function to
-     * each element and the current accumulator value. If `initial
-     * @returns The `reduceRight` method is returning the final accumulated value after applying the
-     * callback function to each element in the array from right to left.
-     */
     reduceRight(callbackfn, initialValue) {
         let accumulator = initialValue ?? 0;
         let index = this.length - 1;