couchbase 4.2.2 → 4.2.4

package/deps/couchbase-cxx-client/third_party/snappy/third_party/googletest/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,1583 @@
+// Copyright 2007, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+// Google Mock - a framework for writing C++ mock classes.
+//
+// This file tests the built-in actions.
+
+// Silence C4100 (unreferenced formal parameter) for MSVC
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#  pragma warning(push)
+#  pragma warning(disable:4100)
+#if _MSC_VER == 1900
+// and silence C4800 (C4800: 'int *const ': forcing value
+// to bool 'true' or 'false') for MSVC 15
+#  pragma warning(disable:4800)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#include "gmock/gmock-actions.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include "gmock/gmock.h"
+#include "gmock/internal/gmock-port.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::testing::_;
+using ::testing::Action;
+using ::testing::ActionInterface;
+using ::testing::Assign;
+using ::testing::ByMove;
+using ::testing::ByRef;
+using ::testing::DefaultValue;
+using ::testing::DoAll;
+using ::testing::DoDefault;
+using ::testing::IgnoreResult;
+using ::testing::Invoke;
+using ::testing::InvokeWithoutArgs;
+using ::testing::MakePolymorphicAction;
+using ::testing::PolymorphicAction;
+using ::testing::Return;
+using ::testing::ReturnNew;
+using ::testing::ReturnNull;
+using ::testing::ReturnRef;
+using ::testing::ReturnRefOfCopy;
+using ::testing::ReturnRoundRobin;
+using ::testing::SetArgPointee;
+using ::testing::SetArgumentPointee;
+using ::testing::Unused;
+using ::testing::WithArgs;
+using ::testing::internal::BuiltInDefaultValue;
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+using ::testing::SetErrnoAndReturn;
+#endif
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T*>::Get() returns NULL.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsNullForPointerTypes) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<int*>::Get() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<const char*>::Get() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<void*>::Get() == nullptr);
+}
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T*>::Exists() return true.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForPointerTypes) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<int*>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<const char*>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<void*>::Exists());
+}
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() returns 0 when T is a
+// built-in numeric type.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsZeroForNumericTypes) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned char>::Get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed char>::Get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<char>::Get());
+#if GMOCK_WCHAR_T_IS_NATIVE_
+#if !defined(__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__)
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Get());
+#else
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Get());
+#endif
+#endif
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned short>::Get());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed short>::Get());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<short>::Get());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned int>::Get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed int>::Get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<int>::Get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned long>::Get());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed long>::Get());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<long>::Get());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned long long>::Get());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<signed long long>::Get());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<long long>::Get());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<float>::Get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<double>::Get());
+}
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Exists() returns true when T is a
+// built-in numeric type.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForNumericTypes) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned char>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed char>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<char>::Exists());
+#if GMOCK_WCHAR_T_IS_NATIVE_
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<wchar_t>::Exists());
+#endif
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned short>::Exists());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed short>::Exists());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<short>::Exists());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned int>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed int>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<int>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned long>::Exists());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed long>::Exists());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<long>::Exists());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<unsigned long long>::Exists());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<signed long long>::Exists());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<long long>::Exists());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<float>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<double>::Exists());
+}
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<bool>::Get() returns false.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsFalseForBool) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(BuiltInDefaultValue<bool>::Get());
+}
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<bool>::Exists() returns true.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, BoolExists) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<bool>::Exists());
+}
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() returns "" when T is a
+// string type.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsEmptyStringForString) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", BuiltInDefaultValue< ::std::string>::Get());
+}
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Exists() returns true when T is a
+// string type.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForString) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue< ::std::string>::Exists());
+}
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<const T>::Get() returns the same
+// value as BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() does.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, WorksForConstTypes) {
+  EXPECT_EQ("", BuiltInDefaultValue<const std::string>::Get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, BuiltInDefaultValue<const int>::Get());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<char* const>::Get() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(BuiltInDefaultValue<const bool>::Get());
+}
+
+// A type that's default constructible.
+class MyDefaultConstructible {
+ public:
+  MyDefaultConstructible() : value_(42) {}
+
+  int value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  int value_;
+};
+
+// A type that's not default constructible.
+class MyNonDefaultConstructible {
+ public:
+  // Does not have a default ctor.
+  explicit MyNonDefaultConstructible(int a_value) : value_(a_value) {}
+
+  int value() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  int value_;
+};
+
+
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, ExistsForDefaultConstructibleType) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(BuiltInDefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
+}
+
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, IsDefaultConstructedForDefaultConstructibleType) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, BuiltInDefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::Get().value());
+}
+
+
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueTest, DoesNotExistForNonDefaultConstructibleType) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(BuiltInDefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
+}
+
+// Tests that BuiltInDefaultValue<T&>::Get() aborts the program.
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueDeathTest, IsUndefinedForReferences) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+    BuiltInDefaultValue<int&>::Get();
+  }, "");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+    BuiltInDefaultValue<const char&>::Get();
+  }, "");
+}
+
+TEST(BuiltInDefaultValueDeathTest, IsUndefinedForNonDefaultConstructibleType) {
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+    BuiltInDefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Get();
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests that DefaultValue<T>::IsSet() is false initially.
+TEST(DefaultValueTest, IsInitiallyUnset) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int>::IsSet());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible>::IsSet());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::IsSet());
+}
+
+// Tests that DefaultValue<T> can be set and then unset.
+TEST(DefaultValueTest, CanBeSetAndUnset) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<int>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
+
+  DefaultValue<int>::Set(1);
+  DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Set(
+      MyNonDefaultConstructible(42));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, DefaultValue<int>::Get());
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Get().value());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<int>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
+
+  DefaultValue<int>::Clear();
+  DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Clear();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int>::IsSet());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::IsSet());
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<int>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
+}
+
+// Tests that DefaultValue<T>::Get() returns the
+// BuiltInDefaultValue<T>::Get() when DefaultValue<T>::IsSet() is
+// false.
+TEST(DefaultValueDeathTest, GetReturnsBuiltInDefaultValueWhenUnset) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int>::IsSet());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<int>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::IsSet());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Exists());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, DefaultValue<int>::Get());
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+    DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Get();
+  }, "");
+}
+
+TEST(DefaultValueTest, GetWorksForMoveOnlyIfSet) {
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Get() == nullptr);
+  DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::SetFactory([] {
+    return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(42));
+  });
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Exists());
+  std::unique_ptr<int> i = DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::Get();
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, *i);
+}
+
+// Tests that DefaultValue<void>::Get() returns void.
+TEST(DefaultValueTest, GetWorksForVoid) {
+  return DefaultValue<void>::Get();
+}
+
+// Tests using DefaultValue with a reference type.
+
+// Tests that DefaultValue<T&>::IsSet() is false initially.
+TEST(DefaultValueOfReferenceTest, IsInitiallyUnset) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int&>::IsSet());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible&>::IsSet());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible&>::IsSet());
+}
+
+// Tests that DefaultValue<T&>::Exists is false initiallly.
+TEST(DefaultValueOfReferenceTest, IsInitiallyNotExisting) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int&>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyDefaultConstructible&>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible&>::Exists());
+}
+
+// Tests that DefaultValue<T&> can be set and then unset.
+TEST(DefaultValueOfReferenceTest, CanBeSetAndUnset) {
+  int n = 1;
+  DefaultValue<const int&>::Set(n);
+  MyNonDefaultConstructible x(42);
+  DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible&>::Set(x);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<const int&>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible&>::Exists());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(&n, &(DefaultValue<const int&>::Get()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&x, &(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible&>::Get()));
+
+  DefaultValue<const int&>::Clear();
+  DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible&>::Clear();
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const int&>::Exists());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible&>::Exists());
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<const int&>::IsSet());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible&>::IsSet());
+}
+
+// Tests that DefaultValue<T&>::Get() returns the
+// BuiltInDefaultValue<T&>::Get() when DefaultValue<T&>::IsSet() is
+// false.
+TEST(DefaultValueOfReferenceDeathTest, GetReturnsBuiltInDefaultValueWhenUnset) {
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<int&>::IsSet());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible&>::IsSet());
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+    DefaultValue<int&>::Get();
+  }, "");
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+    DefaultValue<MyNonDefaultConstructible>::Get();
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests that ActionInterface can be implemented by defining the
+// Perform method.
+
+typedef int MyGlobalFunction(bool, int);
+
+class MyActionImpl : public ActionInterface<MyGlobalFunction> {
+ public:
+  int Perform(const std::tuple<bool, int>& args) override {
+    return std::get<0>(args) ? std::get<1>(args) : 0;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(ActionInterfaceTest, CanBeImplementedByDefiningPerform) {
+  MyActionImpl my_action_impl;
+  (void)my_action_impl;
+}
+
+TEST(ActionInterfaceTest, MakeAction) {
+  Action<MyGlobalFunction> action = MakeAction(new MyActionImpl);
+
+  // When exercising the Perform() method of Action<F>, we must pass
+  // it a tuple whose size and type are compatible with F's argument
+  // types.  For example, if F is int(), then Perform() takes a
+  // 0-tuple; if F is void(bool, int), then Perform() takes a
+  // std::tuple<bool, int>, and so on.
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, action.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
+}
+
+// Tests that Action<F> can be contructed from a pointer to
+// ActionInterface<F>.
+TEST(ActionTest, CanBeConstructedFromActionInterface) {
+  Action<MyGlobalFunction> action(new MyActionImpl);
+}
+
+// Tests that Action<F> delegates actual work to ActionInterface<F>.
+TEST(ActionTest, DelegatesWorkToActionInterface) {
+  const Action<MyGlobalFunction> action(new MyActionImpl);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, action.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, action.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));
+}
+
+// Tests that Action<F> can be copied.
+TEST(ActionTest, IsCopyable) {
+  Action<MyGlobalFunction> a1(new MyActionImpl);
+  Action<MyGlobalFunction> a2(a1);  // Tests the copy constructor.
+
+  // a1 should continue to work after being copied from.
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));
+
+  // a2 should work like the action it was copied from.
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));
+
+  a2 = a1;  // Tests the assignment operator.
+
+  // a1 should continue to work after being copied from.
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));
+
+  // a2 should work like the action it was copied from.
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1)));
+}
+
+// Tests that an Action<From> object can be converted to a
+// compatible Action<To> object.
+
+class IsNotZero : public ActionInterface<bool(int)> {  // NOLINT
+ public:
+  bool Perform(const std::tuple<int>& arg) override {
+    return std::get<0>(arg) != 0;
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(ActionTest, CanBeConvertedToOtherActionType) {
+  const Action<bool(int)> a1(new IsNotZero);  // NOLINT
+  const Action<int(char)> a2 = Action<int(char)>(a1);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple('a')));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple('\0')));
+}
+
+// The following two classes are for testing MakePolymorphicAction().
+
+// Implements a polymorphic action that returns the second of the
+// arguments it receives.
+class ReturnSecondArgumentAction {
+ public:
+  // We want to verify that MakePolymorphicAction() can work with a
+  // polymorphic action whose Perform() method template is either
+  // const or not.  This lets us verify the non-const case.
+  template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
+  Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
+    return std::get<1>(args);
+  }
+};
+
+// Implements a polymorphic action that can be used in a nullary
+// function to return 0.
+class ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunctionAction {
+ public:
+  // For testing that MakePolymorphicAction() works when the
+  // implementation class' Perform() method template takes only one
+  // template parameter.
+  //
+  // We want to verify that MakePolymorphicAction() can work with a
+  // polymorphic action whose Perform() method template is either
+  // const or not.  This lets us verify the const case.
+  template <typename Result>
+  Result Perform(const std::tuple<>&) const {
+    return 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// These functions verify that MakePolymorphicAction() returns a
+// PolymorphicAction<T> where T is the argument's type.
+
+PolymorphicAction<ReturnSecondArgumentAction> ReturnSecondArgument() {
+  return MakePolymorphicAction(ReturnSecondArgumentAction());
+}
+
+PolymorphicAction<ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunctionAction>
+ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunction() {
+  return MakePolymorphicAction(ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunctionAction());
+}
+
+// Tests that MakePolymorphicAction() turns a polymorphic action
+// implementation class into a polymorphic action.
+TEST(MakePolymorphicActionTest, ConstructsActionFromImpl) {
+  Action<int(bool, int, double)> a1 = ReturnSecondArgument();  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 5, 2.0)));
+}
+
+// Tests that MakePolymorphicAction() works when the implementation
+// class' Perform() method template has only one template parameter.
+TEST(MakePolymorphicActionTest, WorksWhenPerformHasOneTemplateParameter) {
+  Action<int()> a1 = ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunction();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+
+  Action<void*()> a2 = ReturnZeroFromNullaryFunction();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a2.Perform(std::make_tuple()) == nullptr);
+}
+
+// Tests that Return() works as an action for void-returning
+// functions.
+TEST(ReturnTest, WorksForVoid) {
+  const Action<void(int)> ret = Return();  // NOLINT
+  return ret.Perform(std::make_tuple(1));
+}
+
+// Tests that Return(v) returns v.
+TEST(ReturnTest, ReturnsGivenValue) {
+  Action<int()> ret = Return(1);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+
+  ret = Return(-5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-5, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+}
+
+// Tests that Return("string literal") works.
+TEST(ReturnTest, AcceptsStringLiteral) {
+  Action<const char*()> a1 = Return("Hello");
+  EXPECT_STREQ("Hello", a1.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+
+  Action<std::string()> a2 = Return("world");
+  EXPECT_EQ("world", a2.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+}
+
+// Test struct which wraps a vector of integers. Used in
+// 'SupportsWrapperReturnType' test.
+struct IntegerVectorWrapper {
+  std::vector<int> * v;
+  IntegerVectorWrapper(std::vector<int>& _v) : v(&_v) {}  // NOLINT
+};
+
+// Tests that Return() works when return type is a wrapper type.
+TEST(ReturnTest, SupportsWrapperReturnType) {
+  // Initialize vector of integers.
+  std::vector<int> v;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) v.push_back(i);
+
+  // Return() called with 'v' as argument. The Action will return the same data
+  // as 'v' (copy) but it will be wrapped in an IntegerVectorWrapper.
+  Action<IntegerVectorWrapper()> a = Return(v);
+  const std::vector<int>& result = *(a.Perform(std::make_tuple()).v);
+  EXPECT_THAT(result, ::testing::ElementsAre(0, 1, 2, 3, 4));
+}
+
+// Tests that Return(v) is covaraint.
+
+struct Base {
+  bool operator==(const Base&) { return true; }
+};
+
+struct Derived : public Base {
+  bool operator==(const Derived&) { return true; }
+};
+
+TEST(ReturnTest, IsCovariant) {
+  Base base;
+  Derived derived;
+  Action<Base*()> ret = Return(&base);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&base, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+
+  ret = Return(&derived);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&derived, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+}
+
+// Tests that the type of the value passed into Return is converted into T
+// when the action is cast to Action<T(...)> rather than when the action is
+// performed. See comments on testing::internal::ReturnAction in
+// gmock-actions.h for more information.
+class FromType {
+ public:
+  explicit FromType(bool* is_converted) : converted_(is_converted) {}
+  bool* converted() const { return converted_; }
+
+ private:
+  bool* const converted_;
+};
+
+class ToType {
+ public:
+  // Must allow implicit conversion due to use in ImplicitCast_<T>.
+  ToType(const FromType& x) { *x.converted() = true; }  // NOLINT
+};
+
+TEST(ReturnTest, ConvertsArgumentWhenConverted) {
+  bool converted = false;
+  FromType x(&converted);
+  Action<ToType()> action(Return(x));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(converted) << "Return must convert its argument in its own "
+                         << "conversion operator.";
+  converted = false;
+  action.Perform(std::tuple<>());
+  EXPECT_FALSE(converted) << "Action must NOT convert its argument "
+                          << "when performed.";
+}
+
+class DestinationType {};
+
+class SourceType {
+ public:
+  // Note: a non-const typecast operator.
+  operator DestinationType() { return DestinationType(); }
+};
+
+TEST(ReturnTest, CanConvertArgumentUsingNonConstTypeCastOperator) {
+  SourceType s;
+  Action<DestinationType()> action(Return(s));
+}
+
+// Tests that ReturnNull() returns NULL in a pointer-returning function.
+TEST(ReturnNullTest, WorksInPointerReturningFunction) {
+  const Action<int*()> a1 = ReturnNull();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a1.Perform(std::make_tuple()) == nullptr);
+
+  const Action<const char*(bool)> a2 = ReturnNull();  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(true)) == nullptr);
+}
+
+// Tests that ReturnNull() returns NULL for shared_ptr and unique_ptr returning
+// functions.
+TEST(ReturnNullTest, WorksInSmartPointerReturningFunction) {
+  const Action<std::unique_ptr<const int>()> a1 = ReturnNull();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a1.Perform(std::make_tuple()) == nullptr);
+
+  const Action<std::shared_ptr<int>(std::string)> a2 = ReturnNull();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a2.Perform(std::make_tuple("foo")) == nullptr);
+}
+
+// Tests that ReturnRef(v) works for reference types.
+TEST(ReturnRefTest, WorksForReference) {
+  const int n = 0;
+  const Action<const int&(bool)> ret = ReturnRef(n);  // NOLINT
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(&n, &ret.Perform(std::make_tuple(true)));
+}
+
+// Tests that ReturnRef(v) is covariant.
+TEST(ReturnRefTest, IsCovariant) {
+  Base base;
+  Derived derived;
+  Action<Base&()> a = ReturnRef(base);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&base, &a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+
+  a = ReturnRef(derived);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&derived, &a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename = decltype(ReturnRef(std::declval<T&&>()))>
+bool CanCallReturnRef(T&&) { return true; }
+bool CanCallReturnRef(Unused) { return false; }
+
+// Tests that ReturnRef(v) is working with non-temporaries (T&)
+TEST(ReturnRefTest, WorksForNonTemporary) {
+  int scalar_value = 123;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CanCallReturnRef(scalar_value));
+
+  std::string non_scalar_value("ABC");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CanCallReturnRef(non_scalar_value));
+
+  const int const_scalar_value{321};
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CanCallReturnRef(const_scalar_value));
+
+  const std::string const_non_scalar_value("CBA");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(CanCallReturnRef(const_non_scalar_value));
+}
+
+// Tests that ReturnRef(v) is not working with temporaries (T&&)
+TEST(ReturnRefTest, DoesNotWorkForTemporary) {
+  auto scalar_value = []()  -> int { return 123; };
+  EXPECT_FALSE(CanCallReturnRef(scalar_value()));
+
+  auto non_scalar_value = []() -> std::string { return "ABC"; };
+  EXPECT_FALSE(CanCallReturnRef(non_scalar_value()));
+
+  // cannot use here callable returning "const scalar type",
+  // because such const for scalar return type is ignored
+  EXPECT_FALSE(CanCallReturnRef(static_cast<const int>(321)));
+
+  auto const_non_scalar_value = []() -> const std::string { return "CBA"; };
+  EXPECT_FALSE(CanCallReturnRef(const_non_scalar_value()));
+}
+
+// Tests that ReturnRefOfCopy(v) works for reference types.
+TEST(ReturnRefOfCopyTest, WorksForReference) {
+  int n = 42;
+  const Action<const int&()> ret = ReturnRefOfCopy(n);
+
+  EXPECT_NE(&n, &ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+
+  n = 43;
+  EXPECT_NE(&n, &ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+}
+
+// Tests that ReturnRefOfCopy(v) is covariant.
+TEST(ReturnRefOfCopyTest, IsCovariant) {
+  Base base;
+  Derived derived;
+  Action<Base&()> a = ReturnRefOfCopy(base);
+  EXPECT_NE(&base, &a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+
+  a = ReturnRefOfCopy(derived);
+  EXPECT_NE(&derived, &a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+}
+
+// Tests that ReturnRoundRobin(v) works with initializer lists
+TEST(ReturnRoundRobinTest, WorksForInitList) {
+  Action<int()> ret = ReturnRoundRobin({1, 2, 3});
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(3, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+}
+
+// Tests that ReturnRoundRobin(v) works with vectors
+TEST(ReturnRoundRobinTest, WorksForVector) {
+  std::vector<double> v = {4.4, 5.5, 6.6};
+  Action<double()> ret = ReturnRoundRobin(v);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(4.4, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5.5, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6.6, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4.4, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5.5, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(6.6, ret.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoDefault() does the default action for the mock method.
+
+class MockClass {
+ public:
+  MockClass() {}
+
+  MOCK_METHOD1(IntFunc, int(bool flag));  // NOLINT
+  MOCK_METHOD0(Foo, MyNonDefaultConstructible());
+  MOCK_METHOD0(MakeUnique, std::unique_ptr<int>());
+  MOCK_METHOD0(MakeUniqueBase, std::unique_ptr<Base>());
+  MOCK_METHOD0(MakeVectorUnique, std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>>());
+  MOCK_METHOD1(TakeUnique, int(std::unique_ptr<int>));
+  MOCK_METHOD2(TakeUnique,
+               int(const std::unique_ptr<int>&, std::unique_ptr<int>));
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MockClass);
+};
+
+// Tests that DoDefault() returns the built-in default value for the
+// return type by default.
+TEST(DoDefaultTest, ReturnsBuiltInDefaultValueByDefault) {
+  MockClass mock;
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
+      .WillOnce(DoDefault());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, mock.IntFunc(true));
+}
+
+// Tests that DoDefault() throws (when exceptions are enabled) or aborts
+// the process when there is no built-in default value for the return type.
+TEST(DoDefaultDeathTest, DiesForUnknowType) {
+  MockClass mock;
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, Foo())
+      .WillRepeatedly(DoDefault());
+#if GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+  EXPECT_ANY_THROW(mock.Foo());
+#else
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+    mock.Foo();
+  }, "");
+#endif
+}
+
+// Tests that using DoDefault() inside a composite action leads to a
+// run-time error.
+
+void VoidFunc(bool /* flag */) {}
+
+TEST(DoDefaultDeathTest, DiesIfUsedInCompositeAction) {
+  MockClass mock;
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
+      .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(Invoke(VoidFunc),
+                            DoDefault()));
+
+  // Ideally we should verify the error message as well.  Sadly,
+  // EXPECT_DEATH() can only capture stderr, while Google Mock's
+  // errors are printed on stdout.  Therefore we have to settle for
+  // not verifying the message.
+  EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED({
+    mock.IntFunc(true);
+  }, "");
+}
+
+// Tests that DoDefault() returns the default value set by
+// DefaultValue<T>::Set() when it's not overriden by an ON_CALL().
+TEST(DoDefaultTest, ReturnsUserSpecifiedPerTypeDefaultValueWhenThereIsOne) {
+  DefaultValue<int>::Set(1);
+  MockClass mock;
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
+      .WillOnce(DoDefault());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, mock.IntFunc(false));
+  DefaultValue<int>::Clear();
+}
+
+// Tests that DoDefault() does the action specified by ON_CALL().
+TEST(DoDefaultTest, DoesWhatOnCallSpecifies) {
+  MockClass mock;
+  ON_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
+      .WillByDefault(Return(2));
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
+      .WillOnce(DoDefault());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, mock.IntFunc(false));
+}
+
+// Tests that using DoDefault() in ON_CALL() leads to a run-time failure.
+TEST(DoDefaultTest, CannotBeUsedInOnCall) {
+  MockClass mock;
+  EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE({  // NOLINT
+    ON_CALL(mock, IntFunc(_))
+      .WillByDefault(DoDefault());
+  }, "DoDefault() cannot be used in ON_CALL()");
+}
+
+// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>(v) sets the variable pointed to by
+// the N-th (0-based) argument to v.
+TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointee) {
+  typedef void MyFunction(bool, int*, char*);
+  Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<1>(2);
+
+  int n = 0;
+  char ch = '\0';
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &n, &ch));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, n);
+  EXPECT_EQ('\0', ch);
+
+  a = SetArgPointee<2>('a');
+  n = 0;
+  ch = '\0';
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &n, &ch));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, n);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', ch);
+}
+
+// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>() accepts a string literal.
+TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, AcceptsStringLiteral) {
+  typedef void MyFunction(std::string*, const char**);
+  Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<0>("hi");
+  std::string str;
+  const char* ptr = nullptr;
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(&str, &ptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ("hi", str);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ptr == nullptr);
+
+  a = SetArgPointee<1>("world");
+  str = "";
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(&str, &ptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", str);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("world", ptr);
+}
+
+TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, AcceptsWideStringLiteral) {
+  typedef void MyFunction(const wchar_t**);
+  Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<0>(L"world");
+  const wchar_t* ptr = nullptr;
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(&ptr));
+  EXPECT_STREQ(L"world", ptr);
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+  typedef void MyStringFunction(std::wstring*);
+  Action<MyStringFunction> a2 = SetArgPointee<0>(L"world");
+  std::wstring str = L"";
+  a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(&str));
+  EXPECT_EQ(L"world", str);
+
+# endif
+}
+
+// Tests that SetArgPointee<N>() accepts a char pointer.
+TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, AcceptsCharPointer) {
+  typedef void MyFunction(bool, std::string*, const char**);
+  const char* const hi = "hi";
+  Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<1>(hi);
+  std::string str;
+  const char* ptr = nullptr;
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &str, &ptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ("hi", str);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(ptr == nullptr);
+
+  char world_array[] = "world";
+  char* const world = world_array;
+  a = SetArgPointee<2>(world);
+  str = "";
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &str, &ptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ("", str);
+  EXPECT_EQ(world, ptr);
+}
+
+TEST(SetArgPointeeTest, AcceptsWideCharPointer) {
+  typedef void MyFunction(bool, const wchar_t**);
+  const wchar_t* const hi = L"hi";
+  Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgPointee<1>(hi);
+  const wchar_t* ptr = nullptr;
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &ptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ(hi, ptr);
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+  typedef void MyStringFunction(bool, std::wstring*);
+  wchar_t world_array[] = L"world";
+  wchar_t* const world = world_array;
+  Action<MyStringFunction> a2 = SetArgPointee<1>(world);
+  std::wstring str;
+  a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &str));
+  EXPECT_EQ(world_array, str);
+# endif
+}
+
+// Tests that SetArgumentPointee<N>(v) sets the variable pointed to by
+// the N-th (0-based) argument to v.
+TEST(SetArgumentPointeeTest, SetsTheNthPointee) {
+  typedef void MyFunction(bool, int*, char*);
+  Action<MyFunction> a = SetArgumentPointee<1>(2);
+
+  int n = 0;
+  char ch = '\0';
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &n, &ch));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, n);
+  EXPECT_EQ('\0', ch);
+
+  a = SetArgumentPointee<2>('a');
+  n = 0;
+  ch = '\0';
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, &n, &ch));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, n);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', ch);
+}
+
+// Sample functions and functors for testing Invoke() and etc.
+int Nullary() { return 1; }
+
+class NullaryFunctor {
+ public:
+  int operator()() { return 2; }
+};
+
+bool g_done = false;
+void VoidNullary() { g_done = true; }
+
+class VoidNullaryFunctor {
+ public:
+  void operator()() { g_done = true; }
+};
+
+short Short(short n) { return n; }  // NOLINT
+char Char(char ch) { return ch; }
+
+const char* CharPtr(const char* s) { return s; }
+
+bool Unary(int x) { return x < 0; }
+
+const char* Binary(const char* input, short n) { return input + n; }  // NOLINT
+
+void VoidBinary(int, char) { g_done = true; }
+
+int Ternary(int x, char y, short z) { return x + y + z; }  // NOLINT
+
+int SumOf4(int a, int b, int c, int d) { return a + b + c + d; }
+
+class Foo {
+ public:
+  Foo() : value_(123) {}
+
+  int Nullary() const { return value_; }
+
+ private:
+  int value_;
+};
+
+// Tests InvokeWithoutArgs(function).
+TEST(InvokeWithoutArgsTest, Function) {
+  // As an action that takes one argument.
+  Action<int(int)> a = InvokeWithoutArgs(Nullary);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(2)));
+
+  // As an action that takes two arguments.
+  Action<int(int, double)> a2 = InvokeWithoutArgs(Nullary);  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(2, 3.5)));
+
+  // As an action that returns void.
+  Action<void(int)> a3 = InvokeWithoutArgs(VoidNullary);  // NOLINT
+  g_done = false;
+  a3.Perform(std::make_tuple(1));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
+}
+
+// Tests InvokeWithoutArgs(functor).
+TEST(InvokeWithoutArgsTest, Functor) {
+  // As an action that takes no argument.
+  Action<int()> a = InvokeWithoutArgs(NullaryFunctor());  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+
+  // As an action that takes three arguments.
+  Action<int(int, double, char)> a2 =  // NOLINT
+      InvokeWithoutArgs(NullaryFunctor());
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(3, 3.5, 'a')));
+
+  // As an action that returns void.
+  Action<void()> a3 = InvokeWithoutArgs(VoidNullaryFunctor());
+  g_done = false;
+  a3.Perform(std::make_tuple());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
+}
+
+// Tests InvokeWithoutArgs(obj_ptr, method).
+TEST(InvokeWithoutArgsTest, Method) {
+  Foo foo;
+  Action<int(bool, char)> a =  // NOLINT
+      InvokeWithoutArgs(&foo, &Foo::Nullary);
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 'a')));
+}
+
+// Tests using IgnoreResult() on a polymorphic action.
+TEST(IgnoreResultTest, PolymorphicAction) {
+  Action<void(int)> a = IgnoreResult(Return(5));  // NOLINT
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1));
+}
+
+// Tests using IgnoreResult() on a monomorphic action.
+
+int ReturnOne() {
+  g_done = true;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+TEST(IgnoreResultTest, MonomorphicAction) {
+  g_done = false;
+  Action<void()> a = IgnoreResult(Invoke(ReturnOne));
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
+}
+
+// Tests using IgnoreResult() on an action that returns a class type.
+
+MyNonDefaultConstructible ReturnMyNonDefaultConstructible(double /* x */) {
+  g_done = true;
+  return MyNonDefaultConstructible(42);
+}
+
+TEST(IgnoreResultTest, ActionReturningClass) {
+  g_done = false;
+  Action<void(int)> a =
+      IgnoreResult(Invoke(ReturnMyNonDefaultConstructible));  // NOLINT
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(2));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
+}
+
+TEST(AssignTest, Int) {
+  int x = 0;
+  Action<void(int)> a = Assign(&x, 5);
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(0));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, x);
+}
+
+TEST(AssignTest, String) {
+  ::std::string x;
+  Action<void(void)> a = Assign(&x, "Hello, world");
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
+  EXPECT_EQ("Hello, world", x);
+}
+
+TEST(AssignTest, CompatibleTypes) {
+  double x = 0;
+  Action<void(int)> a = Assign(&x, 5);
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(0));
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(5, x);
+}
+
+
+// Tests using WithArgs and with an action that takes 1 argument.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, OneArg) {
+  Action<bool(double x, int n)> a = WithArgs<1>(Invoke(Unary));  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, -1)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, 1)));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 2 arguments.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, TwoArgs) {
+  Action<const char*(const char* s, double x, short n)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<0, 2>(Invoke(Binary));
+  const char s[] = "Hello";
+  EXPECT_EQ(s + 2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr(s), 0.5, Short(2))));
+}
+
+struct ConcatAll {
+  std::string operator()() const { return {}; }
+  template <typename... I>
+  std::string operator()(const char* a, I... i) const {
+    return a + ConcatAll()(i...);
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 10 arguments.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, TenArgs) {
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
+      WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3>(Invoke(ConcatAll{}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0123210123",
+            a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
+                                      CharPtr("3"))));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with an action that is not Invoke().
+class SubtractAction : public ActionInterface<int(int, int)> {
+ public:
+  int Perform(const std::tuple<int, int>& args) override {
+    return std::get<0>(args) - std::get<1>(args);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(WithArgsTest, NonInvokeAction) {
+  Action<int(const std::string&, int, int)> a =
+      WithArgs<2, 1>(MakeAction(new SubtractAction));
+  std::tuple<std::string, int, int> dummy =
+      std::make_tuple(std::string("hi"), 2, 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, a.Perform(dummy));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs to pass all original arguments in the original order.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, Identity) {
+  Action<int(int x, char y, short z)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<0, 1, 2>(Invoke(Ternary));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(100, Char(20), Short(3))));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with repeated arguments.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, RepeatedArguments) {
+  Action<int(bool, int m, int n)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<1, 1, 1, 1>(Invoke(SumOf4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1, 10)));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with reversed argument order.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, ReversedArgumentOrder) {
+  Action<const char*(short n, const char* input)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<1, 0>(Invoke(Binary));
+  const char s[] = "Hello";
+  EXPECT_EQ(s + 2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(Short(2), CharPtr(s))));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with compatible, but not identical, argument types.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, ArgsOfCompatibleTypes) {
+  Action<long(short x, char y, double z, char c)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<0, 1, 3>(Invoke(Ternary));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123,
+            a.Perform(std::make_tuple(Short(100), Char(20), 5.6, Char(3))));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with an action that returns void.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, VoidAction) {
+  Action<void(double x, char c, int n)> a = WithArgs<2, 1>(Invoke(VoidBinary));
+  g_done = false;
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, 'a', 3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
+}
+
+TEST(WithArgsTest, ReturnReference) {
+  Action<int&(int&, void*)> aa = WithArgs<0>([](int& a) -> int& { return a; });
+  int i = 0;
+  const int& res = aa.Perform(std::forward_as_tuple(i, nullptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&i, &res);
+}
+
+TEST(WithArgsTest, InnerActionWithConversion) {
+  Action<Derived*()> inner = [] { return nullptr; };
+  Action<Base*(double)> a = testing::WithoutArgs(inner);
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.1)));
+}
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+class SetErrnoAndReturnTest : public testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override { errno = 0; }
+  void TearDown() override { errno = 0; }
+};
+
+TEST_F(SetErrnoAndReturnTest, Int) {
+  Action<int(void)> a = SetErrnoAndReturn(ENOTTY, -5);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-5, a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENOTTY, errno);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetErrnoAndReturnTest, Ptr) {
+  int x;
+  Action<int*(void)> a = SetErrnoAndReturn(ENOTTY, &x);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&x, a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(ENOTTY, errno);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SetErrnoAndReturnTest, CompatibleTypes) {
+  Action<double()> a = SetErrnoAndReturn(EINVAL, 5);
+  EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(5.0, a.Perform(std::make_tuple()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(EINVAL, errno);
+}
+
+#endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+// Tests ByRef().
+
+// Tests that the result of ByRef() is copyable.
+TEST(ByRefTest, IsCopyable) {
+  const std::string s1 = "Hi";
+  const std::string s2 = "Hello";
+
+  auto ref_wrapper = ByRef(s1);
+  const std::string& r1 = ref_wrapper;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&s1, &r1);
+
+  // Assigns a new value to ref_wrapper.
+  ref_wrapper = ByRef(s2);
+  const std::string& r2 = ref_wrapper;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&s2, &r2);
+
+  auto ref_wrapper1 = ByRef(s1);
+  // Copies ref_wrapper1 to ref_wrapper.
+  ref_wrapper = ref_wrapper1;
+  const std::string& r3 = ref_wrapper;
+  EXPECT_EQ(&s1, &r3);
+}
+
+// Tests using ByRef() on a const value.
+TEST(ByRefTest, ConstValue) {
+  const int n = 0;
+  // int& ref = ByRef(n);  // This shouldn't compile - we have a
+                           // negative compilation test to catch it.
+  const int& const_ref = ByRef(n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&n, &const_ref);
+}
+
+// Tests using ByRef() on a non-const value.
+TEST(ByRefTest, NonConstValue) {
+  int n = 0;
+
+  // ByRef(n) can be used as either an int&,
+  int& ref = ByRef(n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&n, &ref);
+
+  // or a const int&.
+  const int& const_ref = ByRef(n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&n, &const_ref);
+}
+
+// Tests explicitly specifying the type when using ByRef().
+TEST(ByRefTest, ExplicitType) {
+  int n = 0;
+  const int& r1 = ByRef<const int>(n);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&n, &r1);
+
+  // ByRef<char>(n);  // This shouldn't compile - we have a negative
+                      // compilation test to catch it.
+
+  Derived d;
+  Derived& r2 = ByRef<Derived>(d);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&d, &r2);
+
+  const Derived& r3 = ByRef<const Derived>(d);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&d, &r3);
+
+  Base& r4 = ByRef<Base>(d);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&d, &r4);
+
+  const Base& r5 = ByRef<const Base>(d);
+  EXPECT_EQ(&d, &r5);
+
+  // The following shouldn't compile - we have a negative compilation
+  // test for it.
+  //
+  // Base b;
+  // ByRef<Derived>(b);
+}
+
+// Tests that Google Mock prints expression ByRef(x) as a reference to x.
+TEST(ByRefTest, PrintsCorrectly) {
+  int n = 42;
+  ::std::stringstream expected, actual;
+  testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<const int&>::Print(n, &expected);
+  testing::internal::UniversalPrint(ByRef(n), &actual);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected.str(), actual.str());
+}
+
+struct UnaryConstructorClass {
+  explicit UnaryConstructorClass(int v) : value(v) {}
+  int value;
+};
+
+// Tests using ReturnNew() with a unary constructor.
+TEST(ReturnNewTest, Unary) {
+  Action<UnaryConstructorClass*()> a = ReturnNew<UnaryConstructorClass>(4000);
+  UnaryConstructorClass* c = a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4000, c->value);
+  delete c;
+}
+
+TEST(ReturnNewTest, UnaryWorksWhenMockMethodHasArgs) {
+  Action<UnaryConstructorClass*(bool, int)> a =
+      ReturnNew<UnaryConstructorClass>(4000);
+  UnaryConstructorClass* c = a.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 5));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4000, c->value);
+  delete c;
+}
+
+TEST(ReturnNewTest, UnaryWorksWhenMockMethodReturnsPointerToConst) {
+  Action<const UnaryConstructorClass*()> a =
+      ReturnNew<UnaryConstructorClass>(4000);
+  const UnaryConstructorClass* c = a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
+  EXPECT_EQ(4000, c->value);
+  delete c;
+}
+
+class TenArgConstructorClass {
+ public:
+  TenArgConstructorClass(int a1, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6, int a7,
+                         int a8, int a9, int a10)
+      : value_(a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6 + a7 + a8 + a9 + a10) {}
+  int value_;
+};
+
+// Tests using ReturnNew() with a 10-argument constructor.
+TEST(ReturnNewTest, ConstructorThatTakes10Arguments) {
+  Action<TenArgConstructorClass*()> a = ReturnNew<TenArgConstructorClass>(
+      1000000000, 200000000, 30000000, 4000000, 500000, 60000, 7000, 800, 90,
+      0);
+  TenArgConstructorClass* c = a.Perform(std::make_tuple());
+  EXPECT_EQ(1234567890, c->value_);
+  delete c;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<int> UniquePtrSource() {
+  return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(19));
+}
+
+std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> VectorUniquePtrSource() {
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> out;
+  out.emplace_back(new int(7));
+  return out;
+}
+
+TEST(MockMethodTest, CanReturnMoveOnlyValue_Return) {
+  MockClass mock;
+  std::unique_ptr<int> i(new int(19));
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeUnique()).WillOnce(Return(ByMove(std::move(i))));
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeVectorUnique())
+      .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(VectorUniquePtrSource())));
+  Derived* d = new Derived;
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeUniqueBase())
+      .WillOnce(Return(ByMove(std::unique_ptr<Derived>(d))));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<int> result1 = mock.MakeUnique();
+  EXPECT_EQ(19, *result1);
+
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> vresult = mock.MakeVectorUnique();
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, vresult.size());
+  EXPECT_NE(nullptr, vresult[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, *vresult[0]);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Base> result2 = mock.MakeUniqueBase();
+  EXPECT_EQ(d, result2.get());
+}
+
+TEST(MockMethodTest, CanReturnMoveOnlyValue_DoAllReturn) {
+  testing::MockFunction<void()> mock_function;
+  MockClass mock;
+  std::unique_ptr<int> i(new int(19));
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock_function, Call());
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeUnique()).WillOnce(DoAll(
+      InvokeWithoutArgs(&mock_function, &testing::MockFunction<void()>::Call),
+      Return(ByMove(std::move(i)))));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<int> result1 = mock.MakeUnique();
+  EXPECT_EQ(19, *result1);
+}
+
+TEST(MockMethodTest, CanReturnMoveOnlyValue_Invoke) {
+  MockClass mock;
+
+  // Check default value
+  DefaultValue<std::unique_ptr<int>>::SetFactory([] {
+    return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(42));
+  });
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, *mock.MakeUnique());
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeUnique()).WillRepeatedly(Invoke(UniquePtrSource));
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, MakeVectorUnique())
+      .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(VectorUniquePtrSource));
+  std::unique_ptr<int> result1 = mock.MakeUnique();
+  EXPECT_EQ(19, *result1);
+  std::unique_ptr<int> result2 = mock.MakeUnique();
+  EXPECT_EQ(19, *result2);
+  EXPECT_NE(result1, result2);
+
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<int>> vresult = mock.MakeVectorUnique();
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, vresult.size());
+  EXPECT_NE(nullptr, vresult[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, *vresult[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(MockMethodTest, CanTakeMoveOnlyValue) {
+  MockClass mock;
+  auto make = [](int i) { return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(i)); };
+
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_)).WillRepeatedly([](std::unique_ptr<int> i) {
+    return *i;
+  });
+  // DoAll() does not compile, since it would move from its arguments twice.
+  // EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_, _))
+  //     .WillRepeatedly(DoAll(Invoke([](std::unique_ptr<int> j) {}),
+  //     Return(1)));
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(testing::Pointee(7)))
+      .WillOnce(Return(-7))
+      .RetiresOnSaturation();
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(testing::IsNull()))
+      .WillOnce(Return(-1))
+      .RetiresOnSaturation();
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, mock.TakeUnique(make(5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-7, mock.TakeUnique(make(7)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, mock.TakeUnique(make(7)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, mock.TakeUnique(make(7)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, mock.TakeUnique({}));
+
+  // Some arguments are moved, some passed by reference.
+  auto lvalue = make(6);
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_, _))
+      .WillOnce([](const std::unique_ptr<int>& i, std::unique_ptr<int> j) {
+        return *i * *j;
+      });
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, mock.TakeUnique(lvalue, make(7)));
+
+  // The unique_ptr can be saved by the action.
+  std::unique_ptr<int> saved;
+  EXPECT_CALL(mock, TakeUnique(_)).WillOnce([&saved](std::unique_ptr<int> i) {
+    saved = std::move(i);
+    return 0;
+  });
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, mock.TakeUnique(make(42)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, *saved);
+}
+
+
+// Tests for std::function based action.
+
+int Add(int val, int& ref, int* ptr) {  // NOLINT
+  int result = val + ref + *ptr;
+  ref = 42;
+  *ptr = 43;
+  return result;
+}
+
+int Deref(std::unique_ptr<int> ptr) { return *ptr; }
+
+struct Double {
+  template <typename T>
+  T operator()(T t) { return 2 * t; }
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<int> UniqueInt(int i) {
+  return std::unique_ptr<int>(new int(i));
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, ActionFromFunction) {
+  Action<int(int, int&, int*)> a = &Add;
+  int x = 1, y = 2, z = 3;
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, a.Perform(std::forward_as_tuple(x, y, &z)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(42, y);
+  EXPECT_EQ(43, z);
+
+  Action<int(std::unique_ptr<int>)> a1 = &Deref;
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(UniqueInt(7))));
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, ActionFromLambda) {
+  Action<int(bool, int)> a1 = [](bool b, int i) { return b ? i : 0; };
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(true, 5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 5)));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<int> saved;
+  Action<void(std::unique_ptr<int>)> a2 = [&saved](std::unique_ptr<int> p) {
+    saved = std::move(p);
+  };
+  a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(UniqueInt(5)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(5, *saved);
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, PolymorphicFunctor) {
+  Action<int(int)> ai = Double();
+  EXPECT_EQ(2, ai.Perform(std::make_tuple(1)));
+  Action<double(double)> ad = Double();  // Double? Double double!
+  EXPECT_EQ(3.0, ad.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5)));
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, TypeConversion) {
+  // Numeric promotions are allowed.
+  const Action<bool(int)> a1 = [](int i) { return i > 1; };
+  const Action<int(bool)> a2 = Action<int(bool)>(a1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a1.Perform(std::make_tuple(42)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(42)));
+
+  // Implicit constructors are allowed.
+  const Action<bool(std::string)> s1 = [](std::string s) { return !s.empty(); };
+  const Action<int(const char*)> s2 = Action<int(const char*)>(s1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, s2.Perform(std::make_tuple("")));
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, s2.Perform(std::make_tuple("hello")));
+
+  // Also between the lambda and the action itself.
+  const Action<bool(std::string)> x1 = [](Unused) { return 42; };
+  const Action<bool(std::string)> x2 = [] { return 42; };
+  EXPECT_TRUE(x1.Perform(std::make_tuple("hello")));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(x2.Perform(std::make_tuple("hello")));
+
+  // Ensure decay occurs where required.
+  std::function<int()> f = [] { return 7; };
+  Action<int(int)> d = f;
+  f = nullptr;
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, d.Perform(std::make_tuple(1)));
+
+  // Ensure creation of an empty action succeeds.
+  Action<void(int)>(nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(FunctorActionTest, UnusedArguments) {
+  // Verify that users can ignore uninteresting arguments.
+  Action<int(int, double y, double z)> a =
+      [](int i, Unused, Unused) { return 2 * i; };
+  std::tuple<int, double, double> dummy = std::make_tuple(3, 7.3, 9.44);
+  EXPECT_EQ(6, a.Perform(dummy));
+}
+
+// Test that basic built-in actions work with move-only arguments.
+TEST(MoveOnlyArgumentsTest, ReturningActions) {
+  Action<int(std::unique_ptr<int>)> a = Return(1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(nullptr)));
+
+  a = testing::WithoutArgs([]() { return 7; });
+  EXPECT_EQ(7, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(nullptr)));
+
+  Action<void(std::unique_ptr<int>, int*)> a2 = testing::SetArgPointee<1>(3);
+  int x = 0;
+  a2.Perform(std::make_tuple(nullptr, &x));
+  EXPECT_EQ(x, 3);
+}
+
+ACTION(ReturnArity) {
+  return std::tuple_size<args_type>::value;
+}
+
+TEST(ActionMacro, LargeArity) {
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      1, testing::Action<int(int)>(ReturnArity()).Perform(std::make_tuple(0)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      10,
+      testing::Action<int(int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int)>(
+          ReturnArity())
+          .Perform(std::make_tuple(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      20,
+      testing::Action<int(int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int,
+                          int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int)>(
+          ReturnArity())
+          .Perform(std::make_tuple(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
+                                   14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)));
+}
+
+}  // Unnamed namespace
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#if _MSC_VER == 1900
+#  pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+#endif
+