colregs 0.2.3 → 0.3.0

package/docs/timeline.md

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+# Timeline
+
+When COLREG 1972 changed, and how long each jurisdiction took to catch up.
+Public record, every row cited. Relevant to this package because
+`jurisdiction` (`intl`, `us/inland`, …) is a first-class dimension here, not
+an afterthought — this is the evidence that national texts genuinely lag
+the IMO instrument, by years, and by different amounts per country.
+
+## 1. IMO instrument history
+
+| Date | Event | What changed | Source | Verified? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 1972-10-20 | COLREG 1972 adopted | Replaced 1960 Collision Regs; made TSS mandatory (Rule 10) | [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/COLREG.aspx) | verified |
+| 1977-07-15 | Entry into force | Binding on ratifying states | [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/COLREG.aspx) | verified |
+| 1981-11-19 → 1983-06-01 | 1981 amdts, Res. A.464(XII) | Rule 10: exempted safety-operation and cable-laying vessels in TSS | [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/safety/pages/preventing-collisions.aspx) | verified |
+| 1987-11-19 → 1989-11-19 | 1987 amdts, Res. A.626(15) | New Rule 1(e), 8(f); Rule 3(h) def.; Rule 10(c) clarified; Annexes I & IV updated (light positions, GMDSS) | [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/safety/pages/preventing-collisions.aspx) | verified |
+| 1989-10-19 → 1991-04-19 | 1989 amdts, Res. A.678(16) | Rule 10: further restricted inshore-traffic-zone use | [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/safety/pages/preventing-collisions.aspx) | verified |
+| 1993-11-04 → 1995-11-04 | 1993 amdts, Res. A.736(18) | Light-positioning rules revised; Annex IV gained SART signals | [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/safety/pages/preventing-collisions.aspx) | verified |
+| 2001-11-29 → 2003-11-29 | 2001 amdts, Res. A.910(22) | Added Wing-in-Ground (WIG) craft: Rule 3 def., Rules 8(a),18,23,31,33,35; Annex I & III updates | [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/safety/pages/preventing-collisions.aspx) | verified |
+| 2007-11-29 → 2009-12-01 | 2007 amdts, Res. A.1004(25) | Annex IV (distress signals) replaced wholesale: added DSC, Inmarsat, EPIRB signals | [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/safety/pages/preventing-collisions.aspx) | verified |
+| 2013-12-04 → 2016-01-01 | 2013 amdts, Res. A.1085(28) | New Part F (Rules 39–41) appended: compulsory Member State Audit Scheme verification | [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/safety/pages/preventing-collisions.aspx) | verified |
+
+No amendment adopted since 2013; autonomous-ship ("MASS") work is ongoing but has not produced one — [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_on_the_International_Regulations_for_Preventing_Collisions_at_Sea).
+
+**Renumbering:** none of the seven amendments renumbers or deletes an existing rule; each adds a paragraph, a definition, or (2013) an appended Part. Annex IV's 2007 replacement kept its number and position.
+
+**Languages:** Article IX makes English and French "equally authentic"; Russian and Spanish are official translations, not authentic text — [Convention text, CIL NUS](https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/1972-Convention-on-Regulations-for-Preventing-Collisions-at-Sea.pdf), verified. IMO's own official languages (for documents generally, not this treaty) are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish — [imo.org](https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/COLREG.aspx), verified.
+
+## 2. National instruments
+
+### United States
+
+| Date | Event | What changed | Source | Verified? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 1977 | Int'l Navigation Rules Act of 1977 | Adopted COLREG 1972 for international waters | [FR 2014-14413](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2014/07/02/2014-14413/changes-to-the-inland-navigation-rules) | verified |
+| enacted 1980-12-24, eff. 1981-12-24 | Inland Navigational Rules Act, Pub. L. 96-591 | Created a separate, COLREG-modeled U.S. Inland Rules | [Pub. L. 96-591](https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/navRules/PLaw_96_591_%2094%20_Stat_3415_1980_Inland_Navigation_Rules.pdf) | verified |
+| 2010-04-15 | 75 FR 19544 | Moved Inland Rules from U.S. Code to 33 CFR 83–88; future changes by rulemaking, not statute | [FR 2014-14413](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2014/07/02/2014-14413/changes-to-the-inland-navigation-rules) | verified |
+| 2014-08-01 | Final rule, "Changes to the Inland Navigation Rules" | Incorporated the 2001 & 2007 IMO amendments (WIG craft, new Annex IV); renumbered the CFR to track COLREG rule numbers | [FR 2014-14413](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2014/07/02/2014-14413/changes-to-the-inland-navigation-rules) | verified |
+
+### United Kingdom
+
+| Date | Event | What changed | Source | Verified? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 1996-05-01 | SI 1996/75 in force | Domestic effect for COLREG as then amended | [legislation.gov.uk](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/75/made) | verified |
+| 2004-05-28 | MSN 1781 first published | MCA notice carrying the technical Rules text | [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/msn-1781-distress-signals-and-preventing-collisions) | verified |
+| 2016 | MSN 1781 Amendment 2 | Reissued, superseding the original | [gov.uk PDF](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5dfa3bcced915d54a89bd4ab/MSN1781_Amendment2_2016.pdf) | date verified; which IMO round it applies unverified |
+| 2023-11-21 | MSN 1781 Amendment 3 | Non-COLREG: scope re Watercraft Order 2023 | [gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/msn-1781-mf-amendment-3-the-merchant-shipping-regulations-1996-colreg) | verified |
+
+### Canada
+
+| Date | Event | What changed | Source | Verified? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 1978 base | Collision Regs, C.R.C. c. 1416 | Incorporates COLREG "with Canadian Modifications" | [Justice Laws](https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._1416/) | verified |
+| ongoing | SOR/78-528, SOR/83-202, etc. | Periodic amendments track IMO and add Canadian mods | [publications.gc.ca](https://publications.gc.ca/site/eng/9.662001/publication.html) | verified |
+| 2023-06-07 | Most recent amendment | Current to 2026-07-21, last amended 2023-06-07 | [Justice Laws](https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._1416/page-4.html) | verified |
+
+### Finland
+
+| Date | Event | What changed | Source | Verified? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 1977, SopS 30/1977 | Decree bringing COLREG 1972 into force | Ratified 1977-01-28 | [Finlex](https://finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1977/19770030) | verified |
+| 1983-07-04 | Decree incorporating the 1981 amdts | Applied Res. A.464(XII) | [Finlex](https://finlex.fi/fi/sopimukset/sopsteksti/1983/19830037) | verified |
+| approved 2008-12-19, force 2009-12-01 | Decree incorporating the 2007 amdts | Applied Res. A.1004(25); domestic entry into force matches the global date exactly | [Finlex](https://finlex.fi/fi/valtiosopimukset/sopimussarja/2009/12) | verified |
+
+### Spain
+
+| Date | Event | What changed | Source | Verified? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 1977-07-09 | BOE publishes accession instrument | Corrections followed in 1978 and 1981 | [BOE-A-1977-15605](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1977-15605) | verified |
+| adopted 2001-11-29, BOE pub. 2003-02-11, eff. 2003-11-29 | 2001 amdts (A.910(22)) | BOE publication preceded the global entry into force by ~9 months | [BOE-A-2003-2716](https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2003-2716) | verified |
+| adopted 2007-11-29, BOE pub. 2010-03-20, eff. 2009-12-01 | 2007 amdts (A.1004(25)) | BOE publication came ~3.5 months *after* the global entry into force | [BOE-A-2010-4648](https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2010-4648) | verified |
+
+### Germany
+
+| Date | Event | What changed | Source | Verified? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| enacted 1976-06-29 | Ratification statute, BGBl. 1976 II S. 1017 | Approved German accession | [dejure.org](https://dejure.org/BGBl/1976/BGBl._II_S._1017) | verified |
+| announced 1977-06-01, eff. 1977-07-15 | Bekanntmachung of entry into force | Matches the global date | [gesetze-im-internet.de](https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/seestro1972_bk/SeeStrO1972%C3%9Cbk.pdf) | verified |
+| through the 2013 amdt (28th Assembly) | Ordinance updating the Convention annex | Cites the IMO Assembly session directly, not re-legislated | [buzer.de](https://www.buzer.de/gesetz/5250/a72559.htm) | verified |
+
+### Australia
+
+| Date | Event | What changed | Source | Verified? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 2009-12-01 | Marine Orders Part 30, Issue 8 | Repealed Issue 7; timed to match the 2007 amdts' entry into force, same day | [PDF](https://www.marinerescueportjackson.com.au/ddlfiles/colregs.pdf) | verified |
+| 2016-07-19 | Marine Order 30 (2016) | Remade under the Navigation Act 2012, replacing the 1912 Act | [legislation.gov.au](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2016L01187/asmade) | verified |
+
+### Europe, inland — CEVNI
+
+| Date | Event | What changed | Source | Verified? |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 1962 (Res. 4); refounded as Res. 24, 1985-11-15 | Original / refounding resolution | UNECE code adapting COLREG-style rules for inland waterways | [waterways.cz PDF](https://waterways.cz/documents/European_Code_for_Inland_Waterways_E.pdf) | verified |
+| 2009 | CEVNI Rev. 4 | ECE/TRANS/SC.3/115/Rev.4 | [UN Digital Library](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1489444) | verified |
+| 2015 | CEVNI Rev. 5 | ECE/TRANS/SC.3/115/Rev.5 | [UN Digital Library](https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1489444) | verified |
+| 2022 Rev. 6; Amdt 1 in 2025-04 | CEVNI Rev. 6 and first amendment | Latest edition; the amendment issued separately | [UNECE](https://unece.org/transport/documents/2025/04/standards/cevni-european-code-inland-waterways-resolution-no-24) | Rev. 6's 2022 date unverified (year only); Amdt 1 date verified |
+
+## 3. Cadence
+
+- **IMO gap between amendments:** seven amendments, 1981–2013 — 6y, 2y, 4y, 8y (max, 1993→2001), 6y, 6y. Mean ≈5.3y. None since 2013.
+- **National lag varies by country and by amendment, not on a fixed schedule.** Finland and Australia both brought the 2007 amendments into force on 1 Dec 2009 — the same day as the global date. The U.S. did not incorporate the 2001 and 2007 amendments until an August 2014 rule: 13- and 7-year lags on the same two rounds.
+- **Gazette date can trail legal effect.** Spain's 2007-amendment text was published in the BOE on 20 Mar 2010, ~3.5 months after it was already binding (1 Dec 2009) — a publishing lag, not two rule-numbering schemes concurrently in force. No case of the latter was found (absence not proven).
+- **Citation style differs by country:** Spain and Finland cite the IMO resolution number and dates directly; the U.S. and Canada cite Federal Register/SOR numbers plus a "current to" date; the UK cites an SI number plus an MSN amendment; CEVNI cites a revision plus amendment number.

package/docs/verification/2026-09-09-text-slug-straw-man.md

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+# The `text_slug` straw man, built on `intl` Rules 1-19
+
+ADR 0010 leaves in pencil what a withheld paragraph carries in place of its
+text, and names a slug as a straw man to be built and judged rather than
+argued about. This is the build and the judgement. The research issue is
+colregs#83; nothing here decides the pencil item.
+
+Everything below is reproducible from `scripts/text-slug.mjs` over the
+en-US corpus (`data/text/intl/2016/en-US.uscg.json` since ADR 0013 moved the
+words out of `data/rules.json`). Nothing was written into `data/`.
+
+## What the pipeline does
+
+Deterministic, no model in the loop, no dependencies:
+
+1. **Citations first.** `Rule 13`, `Rules 4-19`, `Rule 34(c)(i)` become
+   `rule-13`, `rules-4-19`, `rule-34ci`. A citation is a fact about which
+   provision is invoked, not expression, and it is the most navigable term a
+   slug can carry.
+2. **Terms of art as one term.** A fixed table of multi-word terms collapses
+   each to a hyphenated token: `traffic-separation-scheme`, `not-under-command`,
+   `restricted-ability-maneuver`, `keep-out-of-way`, `risk-of-collision`,
+   `in-sight`, `narrow-channel`. The target form is the applicability
+   vocabulary's wherever one exists.
+3. **Stop words out.** Function words, modals and the words that are in nearly
+   every paragraph and say nothing about which one this is: `vessel`, `rule`,
+   `shall`, `circumstances`, `practicable`.
+4. **Lemmatise.** Plurals by rule; every `-ed` and `-ing` form by a table,
+   because a suffix rule cannot tell `speed` from `stopped` without a lexicon.
+   Gerunds that name an activity in `facts.json` keep the gerund (`fishing`,
+   `towing`), so the slug's form is the vocabulary's form.
+5. **Sorted set.** No order, no syntax, no counts.
+
+Numbers keep their unit (`20-meter`, `22-5-degree`).
+
+## Shape of the output
+
+| measure | Rules 1-19 |
+|---|---|
+| paragraphs | 122 |
+| terms per slug, min / median / max | 0 / 6 / 34 |
+| empty slugs | 1: `6(a)`, whose text is "By all vessels:" |
+| identical slugs | 3 groups, all in Rule 18: `18(a)(i)=18(b)(i)=18(c)(i)`, `18(a)(ii)=18(b)(ii)=18(c)(ii)`, `18(a)(iii)=18(b)(iii)` |
+| near-duplicates, Jaccard ≥ 0.6 | 1 pair: `13(c)` and `14(c)`, the two "if in doubt, assume" paragraphs |
+
+The identical slugs are identical source text: "a vessel not under command"
+under three different chapeaux. No slug can separate them, and neither can
+the text; the path does. That is the ceiling on question 1 for this corpus.
+
+## Question 1: can a reader navigate to the paragraph from the slug alone?
+
+Method: the 122 slugs, shuffled by a fixed hash of the path and stripped of
+their paths (`--blind`), were given to two readers with no access to the
+repository or any other file, asked to name the paragraph for each line with
+a confidence from 1 to 3. The readers were two language models chosen as
+proxies for a strong and a weak human reader of the Rules: one that knows
+COLREGS closely (Claude Opus) and one that knows it loosely (Claude Haiku).
+Scored against the key.
+
+| reader | exact paragraph | correct rule | wrong while "sure" |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| strong | 115 / 122 | 122 / 122 | 1 |
+| weak | 30 / 122 | 79 / 122 | 38 |
+
+The strong reader's seven misses: six are inside the three identical-slug
+groups above, where the answer is one of the group and the slug cannot say
+which; the seventh is `15` for `15(a)`, a citation-form slip on a rule with
+one paragraph. Every miss that the slug could in principle have prevented,
+it prevented.
+
+The weak reader reached the right rule in two cases out of three and the
+right paragraph in one out of four, and was confidently wrong 38 times. The
+misses are almost all off-by-one within a rule (`8(b)` read as `8(a)`) or a
+Rule 18 sub-item read as its Rule 3 definition, which is to say the reader
+did not know the paragraph numbering, and the slug does not teach it.
+
+Reading: **the slug is an index, not a substitute.** A reader who knows the
+Rules lands on the paragraph from the slug alone, at the ceiling the corpus
+allows. A reader who does not know the Rules lands on the rule, mostly, and
+on the paragraph rarely. For the case ADR 0010 is for, that ordering
+matters: a CEVNI reader will usually be the second kind, the source is not
+English, and the terms would be translations, so the strong-reader number is
+an upper bound and the weak-reader number is the honest expectation.
+
+## Question 2: do the terms overlap the applicability vocabulary?
+
+Method: every fact key and enumerated value that `data/applicability.json`
+predicates and `data/facts.json` axes use, 67 terms, mapped to slug space by
+a table that is mostly the four abbreviations (`nuc`, `ram`, `cbd`, `wig`)
+and the underscores.
+
+- **59 of 67 terms appear in some slug of Rules 1-19.** The eight that do not
+  are terms from outside the range or not terms at all: `activity:diving`,
+  `activity:pushing`, `activity:none`, `position:moored`, `propulsion:oars`,
+  `fact:composite_unit`, `fact:on_mooring_buoy`, `wind_side:unknown`. Within
+  the range the overlap is complete.
+- **Per entry, the cited paragraph's slug carries the term the entry turns
+  on.** All 31 entries citing a paragraph in Rules 1-19 were checked
+  (`--stats`). `13a` reads `hist:was_overtaking`; `13(a)`'s slug carries
+  `overtake`. `9b` reads `length_m`, `propulsion:sail` and
+  `confined_to_channel`; `9(b)`'s slug carries `20-meter`, `sailing-vessel`,
+  `narrow-channel`, `navigate`. `18d1` reads three Rule 18 classes;
+  `18(d)(i)`'s slug carries all three. What the slug does not carry are the
+  gates an entry inherits from a chapeau or a scope rule rather than from
+  its own paragraph: `pair:geo:in_sight` (Rule 11), `position:underway`
+  (`18(a)`'s chapeau), and the derived `fact:rule18_class` key. Those are in
+  the chapeau's slug, which is where the text puts them.
+
+Reading: **the overlap is real and it runs the useful way.** The
+applicability vocabulary was written from these paragraphs, so the slug of a
+paragraph recovers the terms its entries gate on. A term-set built for a
+withheld jurisdiction the same way would give a consumer a vocabulary-level
+hook into each paragraph without a word of it.
+
+## What this does and does not settle
+
+Settled by the build: the pipeline is deterministic, cheap, and produces a
+navigable index for a reader who already knows the Rules, at the corpus's
+own ceiling. The terms line up with the vocabulary.
+
+Not settled, and not this document's to settle:
+
+- Whether a slug ships for CEVNI at all, alone or beside `text_digest` and
+  `mirrors`. The weak-reader result says a slug does not replace the words
+  for the reader most likely to need them; `mirrors` does, for the majority
+  of CEVNI, and the slug's value is in the remainder.
+- Where the derivative-work line falls. Out of scope on colregs#82; redaction
+  ships whatever the answer.
+- The pipeline's tables are hand-built for this corpus. A CEVNI run needs a
+  translation step to English counterparts before the same tables apply,
+  and a lexicon for forms the tables do not know. That is engineering, not
+  a design question.
+
+What would move the pencil item: a decision on the first bullet, taken with
+the `mirrors` coverage of CEVNI in hand, since that number is what says how
+much of CEVNI the slug would be the only thing standing in for.
+
+## The slugs
+
+`node scripts/text-slug.mjs`, Rules 1-19, at this commit:
+
+```
+4           apply, rules-4-10, visibility
+5           appraisal, available, hearing, look-out, maintain, risk-of-collision, sight, situation
+6           action, avoid, collision, determine, distance, effective, factor, proceed, safe-speed, stop
+11          apply, in-sight, rules-11-18
+16          action, direct, early, keep-clear, keep-out-of-way, substantial
+18          except, rule-10, rule-13, rule-9
+1(a)        apply, connect, high-seas, navigable, seagoing, water
+1(b)        authority, conform, connect, harbor, high-seas, inland, interfere, lake, navigable, operation, river, roadstead, seagoing, waterway
+1(c)        additional, authorize, convoy, elsewhere, engaged-in-fishing, fishing, fleet, government, interfere, light, mistake, operation, proceed, shape, ship, signal, state, station, war, whistle
+1(d)        adopt, organization, traffic-separation-scheme
+1(e)        appliance, arc, characteristic, comply, concern, construction, determine, disposition, government, light, number, position, range, shape, sound-signaling, visibility
+2(a)        comply, consequence, crew, exonerate, master, neglect, owner, practice, precaution, seaman
+2(b)        avoid, collision, comply, construe, danger, departure, immediate, limitation, navigation
+3(a)        craft, non-displacement, seaplane, transportation, water, watercraft, wig-craft
+3(b)        machinery, power-driven, propel
+3(c)        fit, machinery, propel, sail, sailing-vessel
+3(d)        apparatus, engaged-in-fishing, fishing, line, maneuver, net, restrict, trawl, trolling
+3(e)        aircraft, design, maneuver, seaplane, water
+3(f)        exceptional, keep-out-of-way, maneuver, not-under-command, unable
+3(g)        ability, aircraft, cable, cargo, clear, course, deviate, dredging, engage, keep-out-of-way, launch, lay, limit, mark, mine, navigational, operation, person, pick-up, pipeline, recover, replenish, restrict, restricted-ability-maneuver, service, submarine, surveying, tow, towing, transfer, unable, underwater, underway, work
+3(h)        available, constrained-by-draft, course, depth, draft, navigable, power-driven, restricted-ability-maneuver, water, width
+3(i)        aground, anchor, fast, shore, underway
+3(j)        breadth, length, overall
+3(k)        in-sight, observe
+3(l)        fall, fog, mist, rainstorm, restrict, restricted-visibility, sandstorm, snow, visibility
+3(m)        action, close, craft, fly, mode, multimodal, operational, proximity, surface, surface-effect, utilize, wig, wing-in-ground
+6(a)        
+6(a)(i)     state, visibility
+6(a)(ii)    concentration, density, fishing, traffic
+6(a)(iii)   ability, distance, maneuver, stop, turn
+6(a)(iv)    back, background, light, night, scatter, shore
+6(a)(v)     current, hazard, navigational, proximity, sea, state, wind
+6(a)(vi)    available, depth, draft, water
+6(b)        operational, radar
+6(b)(i)     characteristic, efficiency, equipment, limitation, radar
+6(b)(ii)    constraint, impose, radar, range, scale
+6(b)(iii)   detect, effect, interference, radar, sea, source, state, weather
+6(b)(iv)    adequate, detect, float, ice, object, radar, range, small
+6(b)(v)     detect, location, movement, number, radar
+6(b)(vi)    assess, determine, object, radar, range, vicinity, visibility
+7(a)        available, determine, doubt, risk, risk-of-collision
+7(b)        detect, early, equipment, equivalent, fit, long-range, object, observe, operational, plot, radar, risk-of-collision, scan, systematic, warning
+7(c)        assume, information, radar, scanty
+7(d)        consideration, determine, risk-of-collision
+7(d)(i)     approach, change, compass-bearing, risk
+7(d)(ii)    appreciable, approach, bearing, change, close, large, range, risk, tow
+8(a)        action, avoid, collision, observe, positive, rules-4-19, seamanship
+8(b)        alter, avoid, collision, course, large, observe, radar, small, speed, succession
+8(c)        action, alone, alter, avoid, close-quarters, course, effective, room, sea, substantial
+8(d)        action, avoid, check, clear, collision, distance, effective, pass, past, safe
+8(e)        assess, avoid, collision, propulsion, reverse, situation, slacken, speed, stop, way
+8(f)(i)     action, early, impede, passage, room, safe, sea
+8(f)(ii)    action, approach, impede, obligation, passage, relieve, risk-of-collision, rules-4-19, safe
+8(f)(iii)   approach, comply, impede, oblige, passage, risk-of-collision, rules-4-19, two
+9(a)        channel, course, fairway, keep, lie, limit, narrow-channel, near, outer, proceed, safe, side, starboard
+9(b)        20-meter, fairway, impede, length, narrow-channel, navigate, passage, sailing-vessel
+9(c)        engaged-in-fishing, fairway, impede, narrow-channel, navigate, passage
+9(d)        channel, cross, doubt, fairway, impede, intention, narrow-channel, navigate, passage, prescribe, rule-34d, signal
+9(e)(i)     action, agreement, doubt, fairway, indicate, intend, intention, narrow-channel, overtake, pass, prescribe, rule-34ci, rule-34cii, rule-34d, safe, signal, sound, step
+9(e)(ii)    obligation, overtake, relieve, rule-13
+9(f)        alertness, area, bend, caution, fairway, intervene, narrow-channel, navigate, near, obscure, obstruction, prescribe, rule-34e, signal, sound
+9(g)        anchor, avoid, narrow-channel
+10(a)       adopt, apply, obligation, organization, relieve, traffic-separation-scheme
+10(b)       traffic-separation-scheme
+10(b)(i)    direction, flow, lane, proceed, traffic, traffic-lane
+10(b)(ii)   keep-clear, separation-line, separation-zone, traffic
+10(b)(iii)  angle, direction, flow, join, lane, leave, side, small, termination, traffic, traffic-lane
+10(c)       angle, avoid, cross, direction, flow, heading, oblige, right, traffic, traffic-lane
+10(d)(i)    20-meter, adjacent, engaged-in-fishing, inshore-traffic-zone, length, sailing-vessel, traffic-lane, traffic-separation-scheme
+10(d)(ii)   avoid, danger, immediate, inshore-traffic-zone, installation, offshore, pilot, port, route, rule-10di, situate, station, structure
+10(e)       cross, enter, except, join, lane, leave, separation-line, separation-zone
+10(e)(i)    avoid, danger, emergency, immediate
+10(e)(ii)   engage, fishing, separation-zone
+10(f)       area, caution, navigate, near, termination, traffic-separation-scheme
+10(g)       anchor, area, avoid, near, termination, traffic-separation-scheme
+10(h)       avoid, margin, traffic-separation-scheme, wide
+10(i)       engaged-in-fishing, impede, passage, traffic-lane
+10(j)       20-meter, impede, length, passage, power-driven, safe, sailing-vessel, traffic-lane
+10(k)       carry, comply, engage, exempt, maintenance, navigation, operation, restricted-ability-maneuver, safety, traffic-separation-scheme
+10(l)       cable, carry, comply, engage, exempt, lay, operation, pick-up, restricted-ability-maneuver, service, submarine, traffic-separation-scheme
+12(a)       approach, keep-out-of-way, risk-of-collision, sailing-vessel, two
+12(a)(i)    keep-out-of-way, port, side, wind
+12(a)(ii)   keep-out-of-way, leeward, side, wind, windward
+12(a)(iii)  certainty, determine, keep-out-of-way, port, see, side, starboard, wind, windward
+12(b)       carry, fore-and-aft, mainsail, opposite, sail, side, square-rigged, windward
+13(a)       contain, keep-out-of-way, overtake, rules-4-18
+13(b)       22-5-degree, abaft, beam, come, direction, night, overtake, position, see, sidelight, sternlight
+13(c)       act, assume, doubt, overtake
+13(d)       alter, bearing, clear, cross, duty, keep, overtake, past, relieve, subsequent, two
+14(a)       alter, course, meet, pass, port, power-driven, reciprocal, risk-of-collision, side, starboard, two
+14(b)       ahead, aspect, correspond, day, line, masthead-light, night, observe, see, sidelight, situation
+14(c)       act, assume, doubt, situation
+15(a)       ahead, avoid, cross, keep-out-of-way, power-driven, risk-of-collision, side, starboard, two
+17(a)(i)    course, keep, keep-out-of-way, speed, two
+17(a)(ii)   action, alone, avoid, collision, comply, keep-out-of-way, maneuver
+17(b)       action, aid, alone, avoid, close, collision, course, give-way, keep, speed
+17(c)       action, alter, avoid, collision, course, cross, port, power-driven, rule-17aii, side, situation
+17(d)       give-way, keep-out-of-way, obligation, relieve
+18(a)       keep-out-of-way, power-driven, underway
+18(a)(i)    not-under-command
+18(a)(ii)   restricted-ability-maneuver
+18(a)(iii)  engaged-in-fishing
+18(a)(iv)   sailing-vessel
+18(b)       keep-out-of-way, sailing-vessel, underway
+18(b)(i)    not-under-command
+18(b)(ii)   restricted-ability-maneuver
+18(b)(iii)  engaged-in-fishing
+18(c)       engaged-in-fishing, keep-out-of-way, underway
+18(c)(i)    not-under-command
+18(c)(ii)   restricted-ability-maneuver
+18(d)(i)    avoid, constrained-by-draft, exhibit, impede, not-under-command, passage, restricted-ability-maneuver, rule-28, safe, signal
+18(d)(ii)   caution, constrained-by-draft, navigate
+18(e)       avoid, comply, impede, keep-clear, navigation, risk-of-collision, rules-4-19, seaplane, water
+18(f)(i)    avoid, flight, impede, keep-clear, land, navigation, near, surface, wig-craft
+18(f)(ii)   comply, operate, power-driven, rules-4-19, surface, water, wig-craft
+19(a)       apply, area, in-sight, navigate, near, restricted-visibility
+19(b)       adapt, engine, immediate, maneuver, power-driven, proceed, ready, restricted-visibility, safe-speed
+19(c)       comply, restricted-visibility, rules-4-10
+19(d)       action, alone, alter, avoid, close-quarters, course, detect, determine, develop, radar, risk-of-collision
+19(d)(i)    alter, beam, course, forward, overtake, port
+19(d)(ii)   abaft, abeam, alter, beam, course
+19(e)       avoid, beam, caution, close-quarters, collision, course, danger, determine, except, extreme, fog-signal, forward, hear, keep, minimum, navigate, reduce, risk-of-collision, speed, way
+```

package/fixtures/situation-fixtures.json

@@ -3664,6 +3664,84 @@
      }
     }
    }
+  },
+  {
+   "name": "13(d) latch: 13(a)'s sector test suppressed on the newly-gaining vessel",
+   "status": "binding",
+   "narrative": "Own already holds 13(d)'s latch from an earlier overtaking. Since then the pair has closed again from the other direction: the other now sits dead astern of own, gaining at three knots -- 13(a)'s sector test, read on her geometry alone, would newly name her give-way too. The latch forbids it: only own, the latch-holder, gives way (Q-47).",
+   "expect": [
+    "4",
+    "11",
+    "7d1",
+    "8f3",
+    "13a",
+    "13b-overtaken",
+    "13d"
+   ],
+   "situation": {
+    "own": {
+     "fact": {
+      "fact:propulsion": "propulsion:power",
+      "fact:activity": "activity:none",
+      "fact:position": "position:underway",
+      "fact:making_way": true,
+      "fact:length_m": 28
+     },
+     "kin": {
+      "kin:position": {
+       "latitude": 50.0,
+       "longitude": -1.4
+      },
+      "kin:heading_deg": 0,
+      "kin:sog_kn": 10,
+      "kin:rot_deg_min": 0,
+      "kin:dynamics": "dynamics:cargo"
+     },
+     "geo": {
+      "geo:rel_bearing_deg": 180
+     },
+     "hist": {
+      "hist:was_overtaking": true,
+      "hist:latched_at_s": 900
+     }
+    },
+    "other": {
+     "fact": {
+      "fact:propulsion": "propulsion:power",
+      "fact:activity": "activity:none",
+      "fact:position": "position:underway",
+      "fact:making_way": true,
+      "fact:length_m": 16
+     },
+     "kin": {
+      "kin:position": {
+       "latitude": 49.995503,
+       "longitude": -1.4
+      },
+      "kin:heading_deg": 0,
+      "kin:sog_kn": 13,
+      "kin:rot_deg_min": 0,
+      "kin:dynamics": "dynamics:ferry"
+     },
+     "geo": {
+      "geo:rel_bearing_deg": 0
+     },
+     "hist": {
+      "hist:was_overtaking": false,
+      "hist:latched_at_s": null
+     }
+    },
+    "pair": {
+     "geo": {
+      "geo:range_m": 500,
+      "geo:bearing_change_deg_min": 0.0,
+      "geo:cpa_m": 0,
+      "geo:tcpa_s": 324.0,
+      "geo:in_sight": true,
+      "geo:risk_of_collision": true
+     }
+    }
+   }
   }
  ],
  "override_note": "`expect` names every entry whose predicate the situation satisfies, including entries that a rel:overrides then displaces. Applicability and resolution are two steps: 18(a)(iv) really does apply to a WIG craft near the surface -- she is a power-driven vessel underway -- and 18(f)(i) overriding it is what the engine does next. A fixture that hid the overridden entry would make the override unobservable and the relation untestable.",

package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "colregs",
-  "version": "0.2.3",
+  "version": "0.3.0",
   "description": "COLREGS 72 and its national amalgamations as language-neutral JSON — rule text, light definitions, and applicability predicates — with cross-implementation fixtures",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "repository": {

package/schema/corpora.schema.json

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema",
+  "$id": "https://github.com/mark-brannan/colregs/schema/corpora.schema.json",
+  "title": "data/corpora.json",
+  "description": "Index of the text corpora under data/text/: which exist, where each lives, and how many paragraphs it covers. Derived from the corpus files and checked against them by test/data.test.mjs; a consumer that cannot list a directory reads this instead. See docs/adr/0013-corpus-files-with-editions.md.",
+  "type": "object",
+  "additionalProperties": false,
+  "required": [
+    "corpora"
+  ],
+  "properties": {
+    "note": {
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "corpora": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "patternProperties": {
+        "^[a-z]+(/[a-z]+)*@[a-z0-9-]+\\.[A-Za-z0-9-]+\\.[a-z0-9]+$": {
+          "type": "object",
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "required": [
+            "file",
+            "edition",
+            "edition_status",
+            "language",
+            "source_id",
+            "tier",
+            "paragraphs"
+          ],
+          "properties": {
+            "file": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "pattern": "^text/.+\\.json$"
+            },
+            "edition": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "pattern": "^[a-z]+(/[a-z]+)*@[a-z0-9-]+$"
+            },
+            "edition_status": {
+              "enum": ["verified", "claimed", "unknown"]
+            },
+            "language": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "minLength": 2
+            },
+            "source_id": {
+              "type": "string",
+              "pattern": "^[a-z0-9]+$"
+            },
+            "tier": {
+              "enum": [
+                "authentic",
+                "official",
+                "national",
+                "community"
+              ]
+            },
+            "paragraphs": {
+              "type": "integer",
+              "minimum": 0
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}