code-abyss 1.6.15 → 1.7.0

package/skills/domains/mobile/cross-platform.md

@@ -1,795 +0,0 @@
----
-name: cross-platform
-description: 跨平台移动开发。React Native、Flutter、性能对比、原生模块桥接、状态管理。当用户提到跨平台、React Native、Flutter、混合开发时使用。
----
-
-# 🌉 跨平台开发 · Cross-Platform Development
-
-## 框架对比
-
-### React Native vs Flutter
-
-| 维度 | React Native | Flutter |
-|------|--------------|---------|
-| 语言 | JavaScript/TypeScript | Dart |
-| 渲染 | 原生组件 | 自绘引擎 (Skia) |
-| 性能 | 接近原生 (桥接开销) | 接近原生 (直接编译) |
-| 热重载 | ✅ Fast Refresh | ✅ Hot Reload |
-| 生态 | 成熟 (npm) | 快速增长 (pub.dev) |
-| 学习曲线 | 低 (Web 开发者友好) | 中 (需学 Dart) |
-| UI 一致性 | 跟随系统 | 完全一致 |
-| 包体积 | 较小 (~7MB) | 较大 (~15MB) |
-| 社区 | Meta + 社区 | Google + 社区 |
-
-### 性能对比
-
-```
-启动时间 (冷启动)
-Flutter:  ~800ms
-RN:       ~1200ms
-Native:   ~600ms
-
-渲染性能 (60fps)
-Flutter:  58-60fps (自绘)
-RN:       55-60fps (桥接)
-Native:   60fps
-
-内存占用
-Flutter:  ~50MB
-RN:       ~60MB
-Native:   ~30MB
-```
-
-## React Native
-
-### 基础组件
-```typescript
-import React, { useState } from 'react';
-import { View, Text, Button, StyleSheet, FlatList } from 'react-native';
-
-interface User {
-  id: number;
-  name: string;
-  email: string;
-}
-
-const UserList: React.FC = () => {
-  const [users, setUsers] = useState<User[]>([]);
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
-
-  const loadUsers = async () => {
-    setLoading(true);
-    try {
-      const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/users');
-      const data = await response.json();
-      setUsers(data);
-    } catch (error) {
-      console.error(error);
-    } finally {
-      setLoading(false);
-    }
-  };
-
-  return (
-    <View style={styles.container}>
-      <Button title="Load Users" onPress={loadUsers} />
-
-      <FlatList
-        data={users}
-        keyExtractor={(item) => item.id.toString()}
-        renderItem={({ item }) => (
-          <View style={styles.item}>
-            <Text style={styles.name}>{item.name}</Text>
-            <Text style={styles.email}>{item.email}</Text>
-          </View>
-        )}
-      />
-    </View>
-  );
-};
-
-const styles = StyleSheet.create({
-  container: {
-    flex: 1,
-    padding: 16,
-  },
-  item: {
-    padding: 16,
-    borderBottomWidth: 1,
-    borderBottomColor: '#ccc',
-  },
-  name: {
-    fontSize: 18,
-    fontWeight: 'bold',
-  },
-  email: {
-    fontSize: 14,
-    color: '#666',
-  },
-});
-```
-
-### Hooks
-```typescript
-import { useState, useEffect, useCallback, useMemo } from 'react';
-
-const UserScreen: React.FC = () => {
-  const [users, setUsers] = useState<User[]>([]);
-  const [filter, setFilter] = useState('');
-
-  // useEffect: 副作用
-  useEffect(() => {
-    loadUsers();
-  }, []);
-
-  // useCallback: 缓存函数
-  const loadUsers = useCallback(async () => {
-    const data = await fetchUsers();
-    setUsers(data);
-  }, []);
-
-  // useMemo: 缓存计算结果
-  const filteredUsers = useMemo(() => {
-    return users.filter(u =>
-      u.name.toLowerCase().includes(filter.toLowerCase())
-    );
-  }, [users, filter]);
-
-  return (
-    <View>
-      <TextInput
-        value={filter}
-        onChangeText={setFilter}
-        placeholder="Search..."
-      />
-      <FlatList data={filteredUsers} {...} />
-    </View>
-  );
-};
-```
-
-### Navigation
-```typescript
-import { NavigationContainer } from '@react-navigation/native';
-import { createNativeStackNavigator } from '@react-navigation/native-stack';
-
-type RootStackParamList = {
-  Home: undefined;
-  Detail: { userId: number };
-};
-
-const Stack = createNativeStackNavigator<RootStackParamList>();
-
-const App: React.FC = () => {
-  return (
-    <NavigationContainer>
-      <Stack.Navigator>
-        <Stack.Screen
-          name="Home"
-          component={HomeScreen}
-        />
-        <Stack.Screen
-          name="Detail"
-          component={DetailScreen}
-        />
-      </Stack.Navigator>
-    </NavigationContainer>
-  );
-};
-
-// 使用
-const HomeScreen: React.FC<NativeStackScreenProps<RootStackParamList, 'Home'>> = ({ navigation }) => {
-  return (
-    <Button
-      title="Go to Detail"
-      onPress={() => navigation.navigate('Detail', { userId: 1 })}
-    />
-  );
-};
-
-const DetailScreen: React.FC<NativeStackScreenProps<RootStackParamList, 'Detail'>> = ({ route }) => {
-  const { userId } = route.params;
-  return <Text>User ID: {userId}</Text>;
-};
-```
-
-### 状态管理 (Redux Toolkit)
-```typescript
-import { createSlice, createAsyncThunk, configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
-
-// Async Thunk
-export const fetchUsers = createAsyncThunk(
-  'users/fetch',
-  async () => {
-    const response = await fetch('https://api.example.com/users');
-    return response.json();
-  }
-);
-
-// Slice
-const userSlice = createSlice({
-  name: 'users',
-  initialState: {
-    items: [] as User[],
-    loading: false,
-    error: null as string | null,
-  },
-  reducers: {
-    addUser: (state, action) => {
-      state.items.push(action.payload);
-    },
-  },
-  extraReducers: (builder) => {
-    builder
-      .addCase(fetchUsers.pending, (state) => {
-        state.loading = true;
-      })
-      .addCase(fetchUsers.fulfilled, (state, action) => {
-        state.loading = false;
-        state.items = action.payload;
-      })
-      .addCase(fetchUsers.rejected, (state, action) => {
-        state.loading = false;
-        state.error = action.error.message || 'Failed';
-      });
-  },
-});
-
-export const { addUser } = userSlice.actions;
-
-// Store
-export const store = configureStore({
-  reducer: {
-    users: userSlice.reducer,
-  },
-});
-
-// 使用
-import { useDispatch, useSelector } from 'react-redux';
-
-const UserList: React.FC = () => {
-  const dispatch = useDispatch();
-  const { items, loading } = useSelector((state: RootState) => state.users);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    dispatch(fetchUsers());
-  }, []);
-
-  return <FlatList data={items} {...} />;
-};
-```
-
-### 原生模块桥接
-```typescript
-// NativeModules (调用原生代码)
-import { NativeModules } from 'react-native';
-
-const { BiometricAuth } = NativeModules;
-
-const authenticate = async () => {
-  try {
-    const result = await BiometricAuth.authenticate('Unlock App');
-    console.log('Auth success:', result);
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error('Auth failed:', error);
-  }
-};
-
-// iOS (Swift)
-@objc(BiometricAuth)
-class BiometricAuth: NSObject {
-  @objc
-  func authenticate(_ reason: String, resolver: @escaping RCTPromiseResolveBlock, rejecter: @escaping RCTPromiseRejectBlock) {
-    let context = LAContext()
-    context.evaluatePolicy(.deviceOwnerAuthenticationWithBiometrics, localizedReason: reason) { success, error in
-      if success {
-        resolver(["success": true])
-      } else {
-        rejecter("AUTH_FAILED", error?.localizedDescription, error)
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// Android (Kotlin)
-class BiometricAuthModule(reactContext: ReactApplicationContext) : ReactContextBaseJavaModule(reactContext) {
-  override fun getName() = "BiometricAuth"
-
-  @ReactMethod
-  fun authenticate(reason: String, promise: Promise) {
-    val executor = ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(reactApplicationContext)
-    val biometricPrompt = BiometricPrompt(currentActivity!!, executor,
-      object : BiometricPrompt.AuthenticationCallback() {
-        override fun onAuthenticationSucceeded(result: BiometricPrompt.AuthenticationResult) {
-          promise.resolve(mapOf("success" to true))
-        }
-        override fun onAuthenticationFailed() {
-          promise.reject("AUTH_FAILED", "Authentication failed")
-        }
-      }
-    )
-
-    val promptInfo = BiometricPrompt.PromptInfo.Builder()
-      .setTitle(reason)
-      .setNegativeButtonText("Cancel")
-      .build()
-
-    biometricPrompt.authenticate(promptInfo)
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## Flutter
-
-### Widget 基础
-```dart
-import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
-
-class UserList extends StatefulWidget {
-  @override
-  _UserListState createState() => _UserListState();
-}
-
-class _UserListState extends State<UserList> {
-  List<User> users = [];
-  bool loading = false;
-
-  @override
-  void initState() {
-    super.initState();
-    loadUsers();
-  }
-
-  Future<void> loadUsers() async {
-    setState(() => loading = true);
-    try {
-      final response = await http.get(Uri.parse('https://api.example.com/users'));
-      final data = jsonDecode(response.body) as List;
-      setState(() {
-        users = data.map((json) => User.fromJson(json)).toList();
-      });
-    } catch (e) {
-      print('Error: $e');
-    } finally {
-      setState(() => loading = false);
-    }
-  }
-
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
-    return Scaffold(
-      appBar: AppBar(title: Text('Users')),
-      body: loading
-          ? Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator())
-          : ListView.builder(
-              itemCount: users.length,
-              itemBuilder: (context, index) {
-                final user = users[index];
-                return ListTile(
-                  title: Text(user.name),
-                  subtitle: Text(user.email),
-                );
-              },
-            ),
-    );
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Provider 状态管理
-```dart
-import 'package:provider/provider.dart';
-
-// Model
-class UserProvider extends ChangeNotifier {
-  List<User> _users = [];
-  bool _loading = false;
-  String? _error;
-
-  List<User> get users => _users;
-  bool get loading => _loading;
-  String? get error => _error;
-
-  Future<void> loadUsers() async {
-    _loading = true;
-    _error = null;
-    notifyListeners();
-
-    try {
-      final response = await http.get(Uri.parse('https://api.example.com/users'));
-      final data = jsonDecode(response.body) as List;
-      _users = data.map((json) => User.fromJson(json)).toList();
-    } catch (e) {
-      _error = e.toString();
-    } finally {
-      _loading = false;
-      notifyListeners();
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// 注册
-void main() {
-  runApp(
-    MultiProvider(
-      providers: [
-        ChangeNotifierProvider(create: (_) => UserProvider()),
-      ],
-      child: MyApp(),
-    ),
-  );
-}
-
-// 使用
-class UserList extends StatelessWidget {
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
-    return Consumer<UserProvider>(
-      builder: (context, provider, child) {
-        if (provider.loading) {
-          return Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
-        }
-
-        if (provider.error != null) {
-          return Center(child: Text('Error: ${provider.error}'));
-        }
-
-        return ListView.builder(
-          itemCount: provider.users.length,
-          itemBuilder: (context, index) {
-            final user = provider.users[index];
-            return ListTile(
-              title: Text(user.name),
-              subtitle: Text(user.email),
-            );
-          },
-        );
-      },
-    );
-  }
-}
-```
-
-### Riverpod (推荐)
-```dart
-import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
-
-// Provider
-final userRepositoryProvider = Provider((ref) => UserRepository());
-
-final usersProvider = FutureProvider<List<User>>((ref) async {
-  final repository = ref.watch(userRepositoryProvider);
-  return repository.getUsers();
-});
-
-// 使用
-class UserList extends ConsumerWidget {
-  @override
-  Widget build(BuildContext context, WidgetRef ref) {
-    final usersAsync = ref.watch(usersProvider);
-
-    return usersAsync.when(
-      data: (users) => ListView.builder(
-        itemCount: users.length,
-        itemBuilder: (context, index) {
-          return ListTile(title: Text(users[index].name));
-        },
-      ),
-      loading: () => Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator()),
-      error: (error, stack) => Center(child: Text('Error: $error')),
-    );
-  }
-}
-
-// StateNotifier (复杂状态)
-class UserNotifier extends StateNotifier<AsyncValue<List<User>>> {
-  UserNotifier(this.repository) : super(const AsyncValue.loading()) {
-    loadUsers();
-  }
-
-  final UserRepository repository;
-
-  Future<void> loadUsers() async {
-    state = const AsyncValue.loading();
-    state = await AsyncValue.guard(() => repository.getUsers());
-  }
-
-  Future<void> refresh() async {
-    loadUsers();
-  }
-}
-
-final userNotifierProvider = StateNotifierProvider<UserNotifier, AsyncValue<List<User>>>((ref) {
-  return UserNotifier(ref.watch(userRepositoryProvider));
-});
-```
-
-### Navigation
-```dart
-import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
-
-final router = GoRouter(
-  routes: [
-    GoRoute(
-      path: '/',
-      builder: (context, state) => HomeScreen(),
-    ),
-    GoRoute(
-      path: '/detail/:id',
-      builder: (context, state) {
-        final id = state.pathParameters['id']!;
-        return DetailScreen(userId: int.parse(id));
-      },
-    ),
-  ],
-);
-
-void main() {
-  runApp(MaterialApp.router(
-    routerConfig: router,
-  ));
-}
-
-// 使用
-context.go('/detail/123');
-context.push('/detail/123');
-context.pop();
-```
-
-### Platform Channels (原生桥接)
-```dart
-// Flutter 端
-import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
-
-class BiometricAuth {
-  static const platform = MethodChannel('com.example.app/biometric');
-
-  static Future<bool> authenticate(String reason) async {
-    try {
-      final result = await platform.invokeMethod('authenticate', {'reason': reason});
-      return result['success'] as bool;
-    } on PlatformException catch (e) {
-      print('Error: ${e.message}');
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// iOS (Swift)
-class BiometricAuthPlugin: NSObject, FlutterPlugin {
-  static func register(with registrar: FlutterPluginRegistrar) {
-    let channel = FlutterMethodChannel(name: "com.example.app/biometric", binaryMessenger: registrar.messenger())
-    let instance = BiometricAuthPlugin()
-    registrar.addMethodCallDelegate(instance, channel: channel)
-  }
-
-  func handle(_ call: FlutterMethodCall, result: @escaping FlutterResult) {
-    if call.method == "authenticate" {
-      let args = call.arguments as! [String: Any]
-      let reason = args["reason"] as! String
-
-      let context = LAContext()
-      context.evaluatePolicy(.deviceOwnerAuthenticationWithBiometrics, localizedReason: reason) { success, error in
-        DispatchQueue.main.async {
-          result(["success": success])
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-// Android (Kotlin)
-class BiometricAuthPlugin: FlutterPlugin, MethodCallHandler {
-  private lateinit var channel: MethodChannel
-
-  override fun onAttachedToEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
-    channel = MethodChannel(binding.binaryMessenger, "com.example.app/biometric")
-    channel.setMethodCallHandler(this)
-  }
-
-  override fun onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: Result) {
-    if (call.method == "authenticate") {
-      val reason = call.argument<String>("reason")!!
-      // BiometricPrompt 实现...
-      result.success(mapOf("success" to true))
-    }
-  }
-}
-```
-
-## 架构对比
-
-### React Native 架构
-```
-JavaScript Thread
-      ↓
-  Bridge (JSON)
-      ↓
-Native Thread (iOS/Android)
-      ↓
-   UI Rendering
-```
-
-### Flutter 架构
-```
-Dart Code
-    ↓
-Dart VM / AOT
-    ↓
-Skia Engine
-    ↓
-Platform (OpenGL/Metal/Vulkan)
-```
-
-### 新架构 (React Native 0.68+)
-```
-JavaScript
-    ↓
-JSI (JavaScript Interface)
-    ↓
-C++ Turbo Modules
-    ↓
-Native (直接调用，无序列化)
-```
-
-## 性能优化
-
-### React Native
-```typescript
-// 1. 使用 memo 避免重渲染
-const UserItem = React.memo<{ user: User }>(({ user }) => {
-  return (
-    <View>
-      <Text>{user.name}</Text>
-    </View>
-  );
-});
-
-// 2. FlatList 优化
-<FlatList
-  data={users}
-  renderItem={({ item }) => <UserItem user={item} />}
-  keyExtractor={(item) => item.id.toString()}
-  initialNumToRender={10}
-  maxToRenderPerBatch={10}
-  windowSize={5}
-  removeClippedSubviews={true}
-  getItemLayout={(data, index) => ({
-    length: ITEM_HEIGHT,
-    offset: ITEM_HEIGHT * index,
-    index,
-  })}
-/>
-
-// 3. 使用 Hermes 引擎
-// android/app/build.gradle
-project.ext.react = [
-    enableHermes: true
-]
-
-// 4. 图片优化
-<Image
-  source={{ uri: url }}
-  resizeMode="cover"
-  style={{ width: 200, height: 200 }}
-/>
-```
-
-### Flutter
-```dart
-// 1. const 构造函数
-const Text('Hello'); // 编译时常量，不会重建
-
-// 2. ListView.builder (懒加载)
-ListView.builder(
-  itemCount: items.length,
-  itemBuilder: (context, index) {
-    return ItemWidget(items[index]);
-  },
-);
-
-// 3. RepaintBoundary (隔离重绘)
-RepaintBoundary(
-  child: ExpensiveWidget(),
-);
-
-// 4. 缓存图片
-CachedNetworkImage(
-  imageUrl: url,
-  placeholder: (context, url) => CircularProgressIndicator(),
-  errorWidget: (context, url, error) => Icon(Icons.error),
-);
-
-// 5. 使用 Keys
-ListView.builder(
-  itemBuilder: (context, index) {
-    return ItemWidget(
-      key: ValueKey(items[index].id),
-      item: items[index],
-    );
-  },
-);
-```
-
-## 包体积优化
-
-### React Native
-```bash
-# Android
-# 启用 Proguard
-android {
-  buildTypes {
-    release {
-      minifyEnabled true
-      shrinkResources true
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-# 分包 (App Bundle)
-./gradlew bundleRelease
-
-# iOS
-# 启用 Bitcode
-ENABLE_BITCODE = YES
-```
-
-### Flutter
-```bash
-# 分析包体积
-flutter build apk --analyze-size
-flutter build ios --analyze-size
-
-# 移除未使用资源
-flutter build apk --tree-shake-icons
-
-# 分架构打包
-flutter build apk --split-per-abi
-```
-
-## 选型建议
-
-| 场景 | 推荐 | 理由 |
-|------|------|------|
-| 团队有 Web 背景 | React Native | 学习成本低 |
-| 追求极致性能 | Flutter | 自绘引擎，性能稳定 |
-| UI 高度定制 | Flutter | 完全控制渲染 |
-| 快速原型 | React Native | 生态成熟，库丰富 |
-| 复杂动画 | Flutter | 60fps 保证 |
-| 需要大量原生交互 | React Native | 桥接成熟 |
-| 长期维护 | Flutter | Google 官方支持 |
-
-## 工具清单
-
-| 工具 | React Native | Flutter |
-|------|--------------|---------|
-| IDE | VS Code / WebStorm | Android Studio / VS Code |
-| 调试 | Flipper / React DevTools | Flutter DevTools |
-| 状态管理 | Redux / MobX / Zustand | Provider / Riverpod / Bloc |
-| 导航 | React Navigation | go_router |
-| 网络 | Axios / Fetch | http / dio |
-| 存储 | AsyncStorage / MMKV | shared_preferences / Hive |
-| 图片 | react-native-fast-image | cached_network_image |
-| 测试 | Jest / Detox | flutter_test / integration_test |
-
-## 最佳实践
-
-### React Native
-- ✅ 使用 TypeScript 提升类型安全
-- ✅ Hermes 引擎提升性能
-- ✅ FlatList 替代 ScrollView
-- ✅ memo/useMemo/useCallback 优化渲染
-- ✅ 新架构 (JSI) 减少桥接开销
-- ✅ Flipper 调试网络和布局
-- ✅ Fastlane 自动化部署
-
-### Flutter
-- ✅ const 构造函数减少重建
-- ✅ ListView.builder 懒加载
-- ✅ Riverpod 管理状态
-- ✅ go_router 声明式路由
-- ✅ freezed 生成不可变模型
-- ✅ flutter_test 单元测试
-- ✅ 使用 Keys 优化列表
-
----