claudient 0.1.0 → 0.3.0

package/skills/backend/java/fr/spring-boot.md

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+> 🇫🇷 Version française. [English version](../spring-boot.md).
+
+# Skill Spring Boot
+
+## Quand activer
+- Construire une API REST Spring Boot ou un microservice
+- Configurer Spring Data JPA avec Hibernate et PostgreSQL/MySQL
+- Configurer Spring Security (JWT, OAuth2, authentification par session)
+- Écrire des tests Spring Boot (unitaires avec Mockito, d'intégration avec TestRestTemplate ou MockMvc)
+- Mettre en place Spring Cloud (découverte de services, serveur de configuration, API gateway)
+- Implémenter le traitement asynchrone avec `@Async` ou les événements Spring
+- Configurer les profils, les propriétés et la configuration externalisée
+- Écrire des starters Spring Boot personnalisés ou des auto-configurations
+
+## Quand NE PAS utiliser
+- Projets Quarkus ou Micronaut — modèles d'injection de dépendances et de configuration différents
+- Java sans Spring — la surcharge n'est pas justifiée pour des scripts simples
+- Projets Android — écosystème entièrement différent
+- Jakarta EE/WildFly — modèle de serveur d'applications différent
+
+## Instructions
+
+### Structure du projet
+```
+src/
+├── main/
+│   ├── java/com/example/app/
+│   │   ├── AppApplication.java         # @SpringBootApplication entry point
+│   │   ├── config/                     # @Configuration beans
+│   │   ├── controller/                 # @RestController — HTTP layer only
+│   │   ├── service/                    # Business logic — @Service
+│   │   ├── repository/                 # @Repository — data access
+│   │   ├── domain/                     # @Entity models
+│   │   ├── dto/                        # Request/response shapes (records)
+│   │   ├── exception/                  # @ControllerAdvice error handling
+│   │   └── security/                   # Security config and filters
+│   └── resources/
+│       ├── application.yml             # Base config
+│       ├── application-dev.yml         # Dev overrides
+│       └── application-prod.yml        # Prod overrides
+└── test/
+    └── java/com/example/app/
+        ├── controller/                 # MockMvc / @WebMvcTest
+        ├── service/                    # Unit tests with Mockito
+        └── integration/               # @SpringBootTest full context
+```
+
+### Point d'entrée de l'application
+```java
+@SpringBootApplication
+public class AppApplication {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(AppApplication.class, args);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Structure de application.yml
+```yaml
+spring:
+  application:
+    name: my-service
+  datasource:
+    url: ${DATABASE_URL}
+    username: ${DB_USER}
+    password: ${DB_PASSWORD}
+  jpa:
+    hibernate:
+      ddl-auto: validate         # Never 'create' or 'update' in production
+    show-sql: false
+    properties:
+      hibernate:
+        format_sql: true
+
+server:
+  port: ${PORT:8080}
+
+# Custom properties — always use @ConfigurationProperties, never @Value for groups
+app:
+  jwt:
+    secret: ${JWT_SECRET}
+    expiration-ms: 86400000
+```
+
+### Entity et Repository
+```java
+// domain/User.java
+@Entity
+@Table(name = "users")
+public class User {
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
+    private Long id;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 320)
+    private String email;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false)
+    private String passwordHash;
+
+    @CreationTimestamp
+    @Column(updatable = false)
+    private Instant createdAt;
+
+    // No-arg constructor required by JPA
+    protected User() {}
+
+    public User(String email, String passwordHash) {
+        this.email = email;
+        this.passwordHash = passwordHash;
+    }
+    // getters only — no setters on entities
+}
+
+// repository/UserRepository.java
+public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
+    Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);
+    boolean existsByEmail(String email);
+
+    // JPQL for complex queries
+    @Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.createdAt > :since")
+    List<User> findRecentUsers(@Param("since") Instant since);
+}
+```
+
+### Couche service
+```java
+@Service
+@Transactional(readOnly = true)   // Default read-only; override for writes
+public class UserService {
+    private final UserRepository userRepo;
+    private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
+
+    public UserService(UserRepository userRepo, PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
+        this.userRepo = userRepo;
+        this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder;
+    }
+
+    @Transactional   // Override: this method writes
+    public UserDto createUser(CreateUserRequest request) {
+        if (userRepo.existsByEmail(request.email())) {
+            throw new ConflictException("Email already in use");
+        }
+        User user = new User(request.email(), passwordEncoder.encode(request.password()));
+        return UserDto.from(userRepo.save(user));
+    }
+
+    public UserDto getById(Long id) {
+        return userRepo.findById(id)
+            .map(UserDto::from)
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new NotFoundException("User " + id + " not found"));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Couche contrôleur
+```java
+@RestController
+@RequestMapping("/api/v1/users")
+@Validated
+public class UserController {
+    private final UserService userService;
+
+    public UserController(UserService userService) {
+        this.userService = userService;
+    }
+
+    @PostMapping
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
+    public UserDto createUser(@RequestBody @Valid CreateUserRequest request) {
+        return userService.createUser(request);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/{id}")
+    public UserDto getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
+        return userService.getById(id);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping
+    public Page<UserDto> listUsers(Pageable pageable) {
+        return userService.findAll(pageable);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### DTOs avec des records
+```java
+// dto/CreateUserRequest.java
+public record CreateUserRequest(
+    @NotBlank @Email String email,
+    @NotBlank @Size(min = 8) String password
+) {}
+
+// dto/UserDto.java
+public record UserDto(Long id, String email, Instant createdAt) {
+    public static UserDto from(User user) {
+        return new UserDto(user.getId(), user.getEmail(), user.getCreatedAt());
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Gestionnaire d'exceptions global
+```java
+@RestControllerAdvice
+public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(NotFoundException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
+    public ProblemDetail handleNotFound(NotFoundException ex) {
+        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(ConflictException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CONFLICT)
+    public ProblemDetail handleConflict(ConflictException ex) {
+        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.CONFLICT, ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
+    public ProblemDetail handleValidation(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
+        var detail = ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "Validation failed");
+        detail.setProperty("errors", ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
+            .map(e -> e.getField() + ": " + e.getDefaultMessage())
+            .toList());
+        return detail;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Spring Security — JWT
+```java
+@Configuration
+@EnableWebSecurity
+public class SecurityConfig {
+
+    @Bean
+    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http, JwtAuthFilter jwtFilter) throws Exception {
+        return http
+            .csrf(AbstractHttpConfigurer::disable)
+            .sessionManagement(s -> s.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS))
+            .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
+                .requestMatchers("/api/v1/auth/**", "/actuator/health").permitAll()
+                .anyRequest().authenticated()
+            )
+            .addFilterBefore(jwtFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
+        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Tests
+```java
+// @WebMvcTest — test de tranche contrôleur (sans contexte complet)
+@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
+class UserControllerTest {
+    @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
+    @MockitoBean UserService userService;     // Spring Boot 3.4+: @MockitoBean
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_returnsCreated() throws Exception {
+        given(userService.createUser(any())).willReturn(new UserDto(1L, "a@b.com", Instant.now()));
+
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/v1/users")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("""{"email":"a@b.com","password":"password123"}"""))
+            .andExpect(status().isCreated())
+            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.email").value("a@b.com"));
+    }
+}
+
+// @SpringBootTest — test d'intégration complet
+@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
+@Transactional
+class UserServiceIntegrationTest {
+    @Autowired UserService userService;
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_persistsToDatabase() {
+        var user = userService.createUser(new CreateUserRequest("a@b.com", "password123"));
+        assertThat(user.email()).isEqualTo("a@b.com");
+        assertThat(user.id()).isNotNull();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Patterns Spring Cloud
+```yaml
+# Service discovery with Eureka
+spring:
+  application:
+    name: user-service
+eureka:
+  client:
+    service-url:
+      defaultZone: http://eureka-server:8761/eureka/
+
+# Config server client
+spring:
+  config:
+    import: configserver:http://config-server:8888
+```
+
+```java
+// Feign client for inter-service calls
+@FeignClient(name = "order-service")
+public interface OrderClient {
+    @GetMapping("/api/v1/orders/user/{userId}")
+    List<OrderDto> getOrdersByUser(@PathVariable Long userId);
+}
+```
+
+## Exemple
+
+**Utilisateur :** Construire une API REST Spring Boot pour un catalogue de produits avec des endpoints CRUD, PostgreSQL via JPA, validation des beans, gestion globale des erreurs, et un `@WebMvcTest` pour l'endpoint GET.
+
+**Résultat attendu :**
+- Entity `Product` — `id`, `name`, `price` (BigDecimal), `stock`, `createdAt`
+- Record `ProductDto` + record `CreateProductRequest` avec validation `@NotBlank` / `@Positive`
+- `ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long>`
+- `ProductService` — classe avec `@Transactional(readOnly = true)`, `@Transactional` sur les écritures
+- `ProductController` — CRUD sur `/api/v1/products`, `Pageable` sur la liste GET
+- `GlobalExceptionHandler` — `NotFoundException` → 404, `MethodArgumentNotValidException` → 400 avec les erreurs de champ
+- `ProductControllerTest` utilisant `@WebMvcTest` + `@MockitoBean ProductService`
+
+---
+
+> **Travaillez avec nous :** Claudient est soutenu par [Uitbreiden](https://uitbreiden.com/) — nous construisons des produits IA et des solutions B2B avec des communautés de développeurs. [uitbreiden.com](https://uitbreiden.com/)

package/skills/backend/java/nl/spring-boot.md

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+> 🇳🇱 Nederlandse versie. [Engelse versie](../spring-boot.md).
+
+# Spring Boot Skill
+
+## Wanneer te activeren
+- Een Spring Boot REST API of microservice bouwen
+- Spring Data JPA instellen met Hibernate en PostgreSQL/MySQL
+- Spring Security configureren (JWT, OAuth2, sessie-gebaseerde authenticatie)
+- Spring Boot tests schrijven (unit-tests met Mockito, integratietests met TestRestTemplate of MockMvc)
+- Spring Cloud instellen (service discovery, config server, API gateway)
+- Asynchrone verwerking implementeren met `@Async` of Spring Events
+- Profielen, properties en externe configuratie instellen
+- Aangepaste Spring Boot starters of auto-configuraties schrijven
+
+## Wanneer NIET te gebruiken
+- Quarkus- of Micronaut-projecten — andere DI- en configuratiemodellen
+- Gewoon Java zonder Spring — de overhead is niet gerechtvaardigd voor eenvoudige scripts
+- Android-projecten — volledig ander ecosysteem
+- Jakarta EE/WildFly — ander applicatieservermodel
+
+## Instructies
+
+### Projectstructuur
+```
+src/
+├── main/
+│   ├── java/com/example/app/
+│   │   ├── AppApplication.java         # @SpringBootApplication entry point
+│   │   ├── config/                     # @Configuration beans
+│   │   ├── controller/                 # @RestController — alleen HTTP-laag
+│   │   ├── service/                    # Bedrijfslogica — @Service
+│   │   ├── repository/                 # @Repository — gegevenstoegang
+│   │   ├── domain/                     # @Entity modellen
+│   │   ├── dto/                        # Request/response-vormen (records)
+│   │   ├── exception/                  # @ControllerAdvice foutafhandeling
+│   │   └── security/                   # Security-configuratie en filters
+│   └── resources/
+│       ├── application.yml             # Basisconfiguratie
+│       ├── application-dev.yml         # Ontwikkelomgeving-overschrijvingen
+│       └── application-prod.yml        # Productieomgeving-overschrijvingen
+└── test/
+    └── java/com/example/app/
+        ├── controller/                 # MockMvc / @WebMvcTest
+        ├── service/                    # Unit-tests met Mockito
+        └── integration/               # @SpringBootTest volledige context
+```
+
+### Applicatie-ingangspunt
+```java
+@SpringBootApplication
+public class AppApplication {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(AppApplication.class, args);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### application.yml structuur
+```yaml
+spring:
+  application:
+    name: my-service
+  datasource:
+    url: ${DATABASE_URL}
+    username: ${DB_USER}
+    password: ${DB_PASSWORD}
+  jpa:
+    hibernate:
+      ddl-auto: validate         # Nooit 'create' of 'update' in productie
+    show-sql: false
+    properties:
+      hibernate:
+        format_sql: true
+
+server:
+  port: ${PORT:8080}
+
+# Aangepaste properties — gebruik altijd @ConfigurationProperties, nooit @Value voor groepen
+app:
+  jwt:
+    secret: ${JWT_SECRET}
+    expiration-ms: 86400000
+```
+
+### Entity en Repository
+```java
+// domain/User.java
+@Entity
+@Table(name = "users")
+public class User {
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
+    private Long id;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 320)
+    private String email;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false)
+    private String passwordHash;
+
+    @CreationTimestamp
+    @Column(updatable = false)
+    private Instant createdAt;
+
+    // No-arg constructor required by JPA
+    protected User() {}
+
+    public User(String email, String passwordHash) {
+        this.email = email;
+        this.passwordHash = passwordHash;
+    }
+    // getters only — no setters on entities
+}
+
+// repository/UserRepository.java
+public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
+    Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);
+    boolean existsByEmail(String email);
+
+    // JPQL for complex queries
+    @Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.createdAt > :since")
+    List<User> findRecentUsers(@Param("since") Instant since);
+}
+```
+
+### Service-laag
+```java
+@Service
+@Transactional(readOnly = true)   // Standaard alleen-lezen; overschrijf voor schrijfoperaties
+public class UserService {
+    private final UserRepository userRepo;
+    private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
+
+    public UserService(UserRepository userRepo, PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
+        this.userRepo = userRepo;
+        this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder;
+    }
+
+    @Transactional   // Overschrijving: deze methode schrijft
+    public UserDto createUser(CreateUserRequest request) {
+        if (userRepo.existsByEmail(request.email())) {
+            throw new ConflictException("Email already in use");
+        }
+        User user = new User(request.email(), passwordEncoder.encode(request.password()));
+        return UserDto.from(userRepo.save(user));
+    }
+
+    public UserDto getById(Long id) {
+        return userRepo.findById(id)
+            .map(UserDto::from)
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new NotFoundException("User " + id + " not found"));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Controller-laag
+```java
+@RestController
+@RequestMapping("/api/v1/users")
+@Validated
+public class UserController {
+    private final UserService userService;
+
+    public UserController(UserService userService) {
+        this.userService = userService;
+    }
+
+    @PostMapping
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
+    public UserDto createUser(@RequestBody @Valid CreateUserRequest request) {
+        return userService.createUser(request);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/{id}")
+    public UserDto getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
+        return userService.getById(id);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping
+    public Page<UserDto> listUsers(Pageable pageable) {
+        return userService.findAll(pageable);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### DTO's met records
+```java
+// dto/CreateUserRequest.java
+public record CreateUserRequest(
+    @NotBlank @Email String email,
+    @NotBlank @Size(min = 8) String password
+) {}
+
+// dto/UserDto.java
+public record UserDto(Long id, String email, Instant createdAt) {
+    public static UserDto from(User user) {
+        return new UserDto(user.getId(), user.getEmail(), user.getCreatedAt());
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Globale uitzonderingsafhandeling
+```java
+@RestControllerAdvice
+public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(NotFoundException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
+    public ProblemDetail handleNotFound(NotFoundException ex) {
+        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(ConflictException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CONFLICT)
+    public ProblemDetail handleConflict(ConflictException ex) {
+        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.CONFLICT, ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
+    public ProblemDetail handleValidation(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
+        var detail = ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "Validation failed");
+        detail.setProperty("errors", ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
+            .map(e -> e.getField() + ": " + e.getDefaultMessage())
+            .toList());
+        return detail;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Spring Security — JWT
+```java
+@Configuration
+@EnableWebSecurity
+public class SecurityConfig {
+
+    @Bean
+    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http, JwtAuthFilter jwtFilter) throws Exception {
+        return http
+            .csrf(AbstractHttpConfigurer::disable)
+            .sessionManagement(s -> s.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS))
+            .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
+                .requestMatchers("/api/v1/auth/**", "/actuator/health").permitAll()
+                .anyRequest().authenticated()
+            )
+            .addFilterBefore(jwtFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
+        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Testen
+```java
+// @WebMvcTest — controller slice test (geen volledige context)
+@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
+class UserControllerTest {
+    @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
+    @MockitoBean UserService userService;     // Spring Boot 3.4+: @MockitoBean
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_returnsCreated() throws Exception {
+        given(userService.createUser(any())).willReturn(new UserDto(1L, "a@b.com", Instant.now()));
+
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/v1/users")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("""{"email":"a@b.com","password":"password123"}"""))
+            .andExpect(status().isCreated())
+            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.email").value("a@b.com"));
+    }
+}
+
+// @SpringBootTest — volledige integratietest
+@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
+@Transactional
+class UserServiceIntegrationTest {
+    @Autowired UserService userService;
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_persistsToDatabase() {
+        var user = userService.createUser(new CreateUserRequest("a@b.com", "password123"));
+        assertThat(user.email()).isEqualTo("a@b.com");
+        assertThat(user.id()).isNotNull();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Spring Cloud patronen
+```yaml
+# Service discovery met Eureka
+spring:
+  application:
+    name: user-service
+eureka:
+  client:
+    service-url:
+      defaultZone: http://eureka-server:8761/eureka/
+
+# Config server client
+spring:
+  config:
+    import: configserver:http://config-server:8888
+```
+
+```java
+// Feign client voor aanroepen tussen services
+@FeignClient(name = "order-service")
+public interface OrderClient {
+    @GetMapping("/api/v1/orders/user/{userId}")
+    List<OrderDto> getOrdersByUser(@PathVariable Long userId);
+}
+```
+
+## Voorbeeld
+
+**Gebruiker:** Bouw een Spring Boot REST API voor een productcatalogus met CRUD-endpoints, PostgreSQL via JPA, bean-validatie, globale foutafhandeling en een `@WebMvcTest` voor het GET-endpoint.
+
+**Verwachte uitvoer:**
+- `Product` entity — `id`, `name`, `price` (BigDecimal), `stock`, `createdAt`
+- `ProductDto` record + `CreateProductRequest` record met `@NotBlank` / `@Positive` validatie
+- `ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long>`
+- `ProductService` — `@Transactional(readOnly = true)` op klasseniveau, `@Transactional` op schrijfoperaties
+- `ProductController` — CRUD op `/api/v1/products`, `Pageable` op GET-lijst
+- `GlobalExceptionHandler` — `NotFoundException` → 404, `MethodArgumentNotValidException` → 400 met veldfouten
+- `ProductControllerTest` met `@WebMvcTest` + `@MockitoBean ProductService`
+
+---
+
+> **Werk met ons:** Claudient wordt ondersteund door [Uitbreiden](https://uitbreiden.com/) — wij bouwen AI-producten en B2B-oplossingen met ontwikkelaarsgemeenschappen. [uitbreiden.com](https://uitbreiden.com/)