claudient 0.1.0 → 0.3.0

package/skills/backend/java/de/spring-boot.md

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+> 🇩🇪 Deutsche Version. [Englische Version](../spring-boot.md).
+
+# Spring Boot Skill
+
+## Wann aktivieren
+- Aufbau einer Spring Boot REST API oder eines Microservices
+- Einrichtung von Spring Data JPA mit Hibernate und PostgreSQL/MySQL
+- Konfiguration von Spring Security (JWT, OAuth2, sitzungsbasierte Authentifizierung)
+- Schreiben von Spring Boot Tests (Unit-Tests mit Mockito, Integrationstests mit TestRestTemplate oder MockMvc)
+- Einrichtung von Spring Cloud (Service Discovery, Config Server, API Gateway)
+- Implementierung asynchroner Verarbeitung mit `@Async` oder Spring Events
+- Konfiguration von Profilen, Properties und externalisierter Konfiguration
+- Schreiben benutzerdefinierter Spring Boot Starters oder Auto-Konfigurationen
+
+## Wann NICHT verwenden
+- Quarkus- oder Micronaut-Projekte — unterschiedliche Dependency-Injection- und Konfigurationsmodelle
+- Reines Java ohne Spring — der Overhead ist für einfache Skripte nicht gerechtfertigt
+- Android-Projekte — vollständig anderes Ökosystem
+- Jakarta EE/WildFly — anderes Application-Server-Modell
+
+## Anweisungen
+
+### Projektstruktur
+```
+src/
+├── main/
+│   ├── java/com/example/app/
+│   │   ├── AppApplication.java         # @SpringBootApplication entry point
+│   │   ├── config/                     # @Configuration beans
+│   │   ├── controller/                 # @RestController — HTTP layer only
+│   │   ├── service/                    # Business logic — @Service
+│   │   ├── repository/                 # @Repository — data access
+│   │   ├── domain/                     # @Entity models
+│   │   ├── dto/                        # Request/response shapes (records)
+│   │   ├── exception/                  # @ControllerAdvice error handling
+│   │   └── security/                   # Security config and filters
+│   └── resources/
+│       ├── application.yml             # Base config
+│       ├── application-dev.yml         # Dev overrides
+│       └── application-prod.yml        # Prod overrides
+└── test/
+    └── java/com/example/app/
+        ├── controller/                 # MockMvc / @WebMvcTest
+        ├── service/                    # Unit tests with Mockito
+        └── integration/               # @SpringBootTest full context
+```
+
+### Anwendungs-Einstiegspunkt
+```java
+@SpringBootApplication
+public class AppApplication {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(AppApplication.class, args);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### application.yml Struktur
+```yaml
+spring:
+  application:
+    name: my-service
+  datasource:
+    url: ${DATABASE_URL}
+    username: ${DB_USER}
+    password: ${DB_PASSWORD}
+  jpa:
+    hibernate:
+      ddl-auto: validate         # Never 'create' or 'update' in production
+    show-sql: false
+    properties:
+      hibernate:
+        format_sql: true
+
+server:
+  port: ${PORT:8080}
+
+# Custom properties — always use @ConfigurationProperties, never @Value for groups
+app:
+  jwt:
+    secret: ${JWT_SECRET}
+    expiration-ms: 86400000
+```
+
+### Entity und Repository
+```java
+// domain/User.java
+@Entity
+@Table(name = "users")
+public class User {
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
+    private Long id;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 320)
+    private String email;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false)
+    private String passwordHash;
+
+    @CreationTimestamp
+    @Column(updatable = false)
+    private Instant createdAt;
+
+    // No-arg constructor required by JPA
+    protected User() {}
+
+    public User(String email, String passwordHash) {
+        this.email = email;
+        this.passwordHash = passwordHash;
+    }
+    // getters only — no setters on entities
+}
+
+// repository/UserRepository.java
+public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
+    Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);
+    boolean existsByEmail(String email);
+
+    // JPQL for complex queries
+    @Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.createdAt > :since")
+    List<User> findRecentUsers(@Param("since") Instant since);
+}
+```
+
+### Service-Schicht
+```java
+@Service
+@Transactional(readOnly = true)   // Default read-only; override for writes
+public class UserService {
+    private final UserRepository userRepo;
+    private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
+
+    public UserService(UserRepository userRepo, PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
+        this.userRepo = userRepo;
+        this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder;
+    }
+
+    @Transactional   // Override: this method writes
+    public UserDto createUser(CreateUserRequest request) {
+        if (userRepo.existsByEmail(request.email())) {
+            throw new ConflictException("Email already in use");
+        }
+        User user = new User(request.email(), passwordEncoder.encode(request.password()));
+        return UserDto.from(userRepo.save(user));
+    }
+
+    public UserDto getById(Long id) {
+        return userRepo.findById(id)
+            .map(UserDto::from)
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new NotFoundException("User " + id + " not found"));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Controller-Schicht
+```java
+@RestController
+@RequestMapping("/api/v1/users")
+@Validated
+public class UserController {
+    private final UserService userService;
+
+    public UserController(UserService userService) {
+        this.userService = userService;
+    }
+
+    @PostMapping
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
+    public UserDto createUser(@RequestBody @Valid CreateUserRequest request) {
+        return userService.createUser(request);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/{id}")
+    public UserDto getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
+        return userService.getById(id);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping
+    public Page<UserDto> listUsers(Pageable pageable) {
+        return userService.findAll(pageable);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### DTOs mit Records
+```java
+// dto/CreateUserRequest.java
+public record CreateUserRequest(
+    @NotBlank @Email String email,
+    @NotBlank @Size(min = 8) String password
+) {}
+
+// dto/UserDto.java
+public record UserDto(Long id, String email, Instant createdAt) {
+    public static UserDto from(User user) {
+        return new UserDto(user.getId(), user.getEmail(), user.getCreatedAt());
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Globaler Exception-Handler
+```java
+@RestControllerAdvice
+public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(NotFoundException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
+    public ProblemDetail handleNotFound(NotFoundException ex) {
+        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(ConflictException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CONFLICT)
+    public ProblemDetail handleConflict(ConflictException ex) {
+        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.CONFLICT, ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
+    public ProblemDetail handleValidation(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
+        var detail = ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "Validation failed");
+        detail.setProperty("errors", ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
+            .map(e -> e.getField() + ": " + e.getDefaultMessage())
+            .toList());
+        return detail;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Spring Security — JWT
+```java
+@Configuration
+@EnableWebSecurity
+public class SecurityConfig {
+
+    @Bean
+    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http, JwtAuthFilter jwtFilter) throws Exception {
+        return http
+            .csrf(AbstractHttpConfigurer::disable)
+            .sessionManagement(s -> s.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS))
+            .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
+                .requestMatchers("/api/v1/auth/**", "/actuator/health").permitAll()
+                .anyRequest().authenticated()
+            )
+            .addFilterBefore(jwtFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
+        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Tests
+```java
+// @WebMvcTest — Controller-Slice-Test (kein vollständiger Kontext)
+@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
+class UserControllerTest {
+    @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
+    @MockitoBean UserService userService;     // Spring Boot 3.4+: @MockitoBean
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_returnsCreated() throws Exception {
+        given(userService.createUser(any())).willReturn(new UserDto(1L, "a@b.com", Instant.now()));
+
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/v1/users")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("""{"email":"a@b.com","password":"password123"}"""))
+            .andExpect(status().isCreated())
+            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.email").value("a@b.com"));
+    }
+}
+
+// @SpringBootTest — vollständiger Integrationstest
+@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
+@Transactional
+class UserServiceIntegrationTest {
+    @Autowired UserService userService;
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_persistsToDatabase() {
+        var user = userService.createUser(new CreateUserRequest("a@b.com", "password123"));
+        assertThat(user.email()).isEqualTo("a@b.com");
+        assertThat(user.id()).isNotNull();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Spring Cloud Muster
+```yaml
+# Service discovery with Eureka
+spring:
+  application:
+    name: user-service
+eureka:
+  client:
+    service-url:
+      defaultZone: http://eureka-server:8761/eureka/
+
+# Config server client
+spring:
+  config:
+    import: configserver:http://config-server:8888
+```
+
+```java
+// Feign client for inter-service calls
+@FeignClient(name = "order-service")
+public interface OrderClient {
+    @GetMapping("/api/v1/orders/user/{userId}")
+    List<OrderDto> getOrdersByUser(@PathVariable Long userId);
+}
+```
+
+## Beispiel
+
+**Nutzer:** Erstelle eine Spring Boot REST API für einen Produktkatalog mit CRUD-Endpunkten, PostgreSQL über JPA, Bean-Validierung, globalem Fehler-Handling und einem `@WebMvcTest` für den GET-Endpunkt.
+
+**Erwartete Ausgabe:**
+- `Product` Entity — `id`, `name`, `price` (BigDecimal), `stock`, `createdAt`
+- `ProductDto` Record + `CreateProductRequest` Record mit `@NotBlank` / `@Positive` Validierung
+- `ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long>`
+- `ProductService` — `@Transactional(readOnly = true)` auf Klassenebene, `@Transactional` für Schreiboperationen
+- `ProductController` — CRUD unter `/api/v1/products`, `Pageable` auf GET-Liste
+- `GlobalExceptionHandler` — `NotFoundException` → 404, `MethodArgumentNotValidException` → 400 mit Feldfehlern
+- `ProductControllerTest` mit `@WebMvcTest` + `@MockitoBean ProductService`
+
+---
+
+> **Arbeite mit uns:** Claudient wird von [Uitbreiden](https://uitbreiden.com/) unterstützt — wir entwickeln KI-Produkte und B2B-Lösungen mit Entwickler-Communities. [uitbreiden.com](https://uitbreiden.com/)

package/skills/backend/java/es/spring-boot.md

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+> 🇪🇸 Versión en español. [Versión en inglés](../spring-boot.md).
+
+# Skill Spring Boot
+
+## Cuándo activar
+- Construyendo una API REST o microservicio con Spring Boot
+- Configurando Spring Data JPA con Hibernate y PostgreSQL/MySQL
+- Configurando Spring Security (JWT, OAuth2, autenticación basada en sesión)
+- Escribiendo pruebas para Spring Boot (unitarias con Mockito, de integración con TestRestTemplate o MockMvc)
+- Configurando Spring Cloud (descubrimiento de servicios, servidor de configuración, API gateway)
+- Implementando procesamiento asíncrono con `@Async` o Spring Events
+- Configurando perfiles, propiedades y configuración externalizada
+- Escribiendo starters personalizados de Spring Boot o auto-configuraciones
+
+## Cuándo NO usar
+- Proyectos con Quarkus o Micronaut — modelos de inyección de dependencias y configuración distintos
+- Java simple sin Spring — la sobrecarga no está justificada para scripts simples
+- Proyectos Android — ecosistema completamente diferente
+- Jakarta EE/WildFly — modelo de servidor de aplicaciones distinto
+
+## Instrucciones
+
+### Estructura del proyecto
+```
+src/
+├── main/
+│   ├── java/com/example/app/
+│   │   ├── AppApplication.java         # @SpringBootApplication entry point
+│   │   ├── config/                     # @Configuration beans
+│   │   ├── controller/                 # @RestController — HTTP layer only
+│   │   ├── service/                    # Business logic — @Service
+│   │   ├── repository/                 # @Repository — data access
+│   │   ├── domain/                     # @Entity models
+│   │   ├── dto/                        # Request/response shapes (records)
+│   │   ├── exception/                  # @ControllerAdvice error handling
+│   │   └── security/                   # Security config and filters
+│   └── resources/
+│       ├── application.yml             # Base config
+│       ├── application-dev.yml         # Dev overrides
+│       └── application-prod.yml        # Prod overrides
+└── test/
+    └── java/com/example/app/
+        ├── controller/                 # MockMvc / @WebMvcTest
+        ├── service/                    # Unit tests with Mockito
+        └── integration/               # @SpringBootTest full context
+```
+
+### Punto de entrada de la aplicación
+```java
+@SpringBootApplication
+public class AppApplication {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        SpringApplication.run(AppApplication.class, args);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Estructura de application.yml
+```yaml
+spring:
+  application:
+    name: my-service
+  datasource:
+    url: ${DATABASE_URL}
+    username: ${DB_USER}
+    password: ${DB_PASSWORD}
+  jpa:
+    hibernate:
+      ddl-auto: validate         # Never 'create' or 'update' in production
+    show-sql: false
+    properties:
+      hibernate:
+        format_sql: true
+
+server:
+  port: ${PORT:8080}
+
+# Custom properties — always use @ConfigurationProperties, never @Value for groups
+app:
+  jwt:
+    secret: ${JWT_SECRET}
+    expiration-ms: 86400000
+```
+
+### Entidad y Repository
+```java
+// domain/User.java
+@Entity
+@Table(name = "users")
+public class User {
+    @Id
+    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
+    private Long id;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 320)
+    private String email;
+
+    @Column(nullable = false)
+    private String passwordHash;
+
+    @CreationTimestamp
+    @Column(updatable = false)
+    private Instant createdAt;
+
+    // No-arg constructor required by JPA
+    protected User() {}
+
+    public User(String email, String passwordHash) {
+        this.email = email;
+        this.passwordHash = passwordHash;
+    }
+    // getters only — no setters on entities
+}
+
+// repository/UserRepository.java
+public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
+    Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);
+    boolean existsByEmail(String email);
+
+    // JPQL for complex queries
+    @Query("SELECT u FROM User u WHERE u.createdAt > :since")
+    List<User> findRecentUsers(@Param("since") Instant since);
+}
+```
+
+### Capa de servicio
+```java
+@Service
+@Transactional(readOnly = true)   // Default read-only; override for writes
+public class UserService {
+    private final UserRepository userRepo;
+    private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
+
+    public UserService(UserRepository userRepo, PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
+        this.userRepo = userRepo;
+        this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder;
+    }
+
+    @Transactional   // Override: this method writes
+    public UserDto createUser(CreateUserRequest request) {
+        if (userRepo.existsByEmail(request.email())) {
+            throw new ConflictException("Email already in use");
+        }
+        User user = new User(request.email(), passwordEncoder.encode(request.password()));
+        return UserDto.from(userRepo.save(user));
+    }
+
+    public UserDto getById(Long id) {
+        return userRepo.findById(id)
+            .map(UserDto::from)
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new NotFoundException("User " + id + " not found"));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Capa de controlador
+```java
+@RestController
+@RequestMapping("/api/v1/users")
+@Validated
+public class UserController {
+    private final UserService userService;
+
+    public UserController(UserService userService) {
+        this.userService = userService;
+    }
+
+    @PostMapping
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
+    public UserDto createUser(@RequestBody @Valid CreateUserRequest request) {
+        return userService.createUser(request);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/{id}")
+    public UserDto getUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
+        return userService.getById(id);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping
+    public Page<UserDto> listUsers(Pageable pageable) {
+        return userService.findAll(pageable);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### DTOs con records
+```java
+// dto/CreateUserRequest.java
+public record CreateUserRequest(
+    @NotBlank @Email String email,
+    @NotBlank @Size(min = 8) String password
+) {}
+
+// dto/UserDto.java
+public record UserDto(Long id, String email, Instant createdAt) {
+    public static UserDto from(User user) {
+        return new UserDto(user.getId(), user.getEmail(), user.getCreatedAt());
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Manejador global de excepciones
+```java
+@RestControllerAdvice
+public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(NotFoundException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
+    public ProblemDetail handleNotFound(NotFoundException ex) {
+        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(ConflictException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CONFLICT)
+    public ProblemDetail handleConflict(ConflictException ex) {
+        return ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.CONFLICT, ex.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
+    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
+    public ProblemDetail handleValidation(MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
+        var detail = ProblemDetail.forStatusAndDetail(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "Validation failed");
+        detail.setProperty("errors", ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors().stream()
+            .map(e -> e.getField() + ": " + e.getDefaultMessage())
+            .toList());
+        return detail;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Spring Security — JWT
+```java
+@Configuration
+@EnableWebSecurity
+public class SecurityConfig {
+
+    @Bean
+    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http, JwtAuthFilter jwtFilter) throws Exception {
+        return http
+            .csrf(AbstractHttpConfigurer::disable)
+            .sessionManagement(s -> s.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS))
+            .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
+                .requestMatchers("/api/v1/auth/**", "/actuator/health").permitAll()
+                .anyRequest().authenticated()
+            )
+            .addFilterBefore(jwtFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
+        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Pruebas
+```java
+// @WebMvcTest — prueba de slice del controlador (sin contexto completo)
+@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
+class UserControllerTest {
+    @Autowired MockMvc mockMvc;
+    @MockitoBean UserService userService;     // Spring Boot 3.4+: @MockitoBean
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_returnsCreated() throws Exception {
+        given(userService.createUser(any())).willReturn(new UserDto(1L, "a@b.com", Instant.now()));
+
+        mockMvc.perform(post("/api/v1/users")
+                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .content("""{"email":"a@b.com","password":"password123"}"""))
+            .andExpect(status().isCreated())
+            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.email").value("a@b.com"));
+    }
+}
+
+// @SpringBootTest — prueba de integración completa
+@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
+@Transactional
+class UserServiceIntegrationTest {
+    @Autowired UserService userService;
+
+    @Test
+    void createUser_persistsToDatabase() {
+        var user = userService.createUser(new CreateUserRequest("a@b.com", "password123"));
+        assertThat(user.email()).isEqualTo("a@b.com");
+        assertThat(user.id()).isNotNull();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Patrones de Spring Cloud
+```yaml
+# Service discovery with Eureka
+spring:
+  application:
+    name: user-service
+eureka:
+  client:
+    service-url:
+      defaultZone: http://eureka-server:8761/eureka/
+
+# Config server client
+spring:
+  config:
+    import: configserver:http://config-server:8888
+```
+
+```java
+// Feign client for inter-service calls
+@FeignClient(name = "order-service")
+public interface OrderClient {
+    @GetMapping("/api/v1/orders/user/{userId}")
+    List<OrderDto> getOrdersByUser(@PathVariable Long userId);
+}
+```
+
+## Ejemplo
+
+**Usuario:** Construye una API REST con Spring Boot para un catálogo de productos con endpoints CRUD, PostgreSQL vía JPA, validación de beans, manejo global de errores y un `@WebMvcTest` para el endpoint GET.
+
+**Resultado esperado:**
+- Entidad `Product` — `id`, `name`, `price` (BigDecimal), `stock`, `createdAt`
+- Record `ProductDto` + record `CreateProductRequest` con validaciones `@NotBlank` / `@Positive`
+- `ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long>`
+- `ProductService` — clase con `@Transactional(readOnly = true)` a nivel de clase, `@Transactional` en escrituras
+- `ProductController` — CRUD en `/api/v1/products`, `Pageable` en el listado GET
+- `GlobalExceptionHandler` — `NotFoundException` → 404, `MethodArgumentNotValidException` → 400 con errores de campo
+- `ProductControllerTest` usando `@WebMvcTest` + `@MockitoBean ProductService`
+
+---
+
+> **Trabaja con nosotros:** Claudient está respaldado por [Uitbreiden](https://uitbreiden.com/) — construimos productos de IA y soluciones B2B con comunidades de desarrolladores. [uitbreiden.com](https://uitbreiden.com/)