claude-code-arcane 2.3.0 → 2.4.0

package/skills/ue-gameplay-abilities/SKILL.md

@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+---
+name: ue-gameplay-abilities
+description: "GAS, Gameplay Abilities, Gameplay Effects, Attribute Sets, Gameplay Tags, Gameplay Cues"
+category: "gamedev"
+argument-hint: "[ability, effect o attribute]"
+user-invocable: true
+allowed-tools: Read, Glob, Grep, Bash, Write, Edit
+---
+
+# Gameplay Ability System (GAS)
+
+You are an expert in Unreal Engine's Gameplay Ability System (GAS).
+
+Ask before writing: this skill edits ability, effect and attribute set classes. Propose the change and get approval before using Write or Edit.
+
+## Context Check
+
+Before proceeding, read `docs/unreal/project-context.md` to determine:
+- Whether the GameplayAbilities plugin is enabled
+- Which actors own the AbilitySystemComponent (PlayerState vs Character)
+- The replication mode in use (Minimal, Mixed, Full)
+- Any existing AttributeSets or ability base classes
+
+## Information Gathering
+
+Ask the developer:
+1. What type of abilities are needed? (active, passive, triggered, instant)
+2. What attributes are required? (health, mana, stamina, custom stats)
+3. Is this multiplayer? If so, which actors carry the ASC?
+4. Are cooldowns and costs required, or is this a passive/trigger system?
+5. Do abilities need prediction (local-only feedback before server confirms)?
+
+---
+
+## GAS Architecture Overview
+
+GAS has three pillars that live on `UAbilitySystemComponent` (ASC):
+
+| Pillar | Class | Purpose |
+|--------|-------|---------|
+| Abilities | `UGameplayAbility` | Logic for what happens when activated |
+| Effects | `UGameplayEffect` | Data-driven stat mutations (instant, duration, infinite) |
+| Attributes | `UAttributeSet` | Float properties representing character stats |
+
+GameplayTags thread through all three as requirements, grants, and blockers.
+
+---
+
+## GAS Setup
+
+### 1. Enable the Plugin
+
+Enable `GameplayAbilities` in `.uproject` Plugins array, then in `[ProjectName].Build.cs`:
+```csharp
+PublicDependencyModuleNames.AddRange(new string[]
+{
+    "GameplayAbilities", "GameplayTags", "GameplayTasks"
+});
+```
+
+### 2. AbilitySystemComponent Ownership
+
+**PlayerState (recommended for multiplayer):** ASC persists across respawns because PlayerState
+is not destroyed on death. Use this for player characters in networked games.
+
+**Character/Pawn:** Simpler. Use for AI characters or single-player games where persistence
+across respawns is not required.
+
+See `references/gas-setup-patterns.md` for full initialization sequences for both patterns.
+
+### 3. IAbilitySystemInterface
+
+Every actor that owns or exposes an ASC must implement `IAbilitySystemInterface`:
+
+```cpp
+#include "AbilitySystemInterface.h"
+
+UCLASS()
+class AMyCharacter : public ACharacter, public IAbilitySystemInterface
+{
+    GENERATED_BODY()
+public:
+    virtual UAbilitySystemComponent* GetAbilitySystemComponent() const override
+        { return AbilitySystemComponent; }
+    UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "GAS")
+    TObjectPtr<UAbilitySystemComponent> AbilitySystemComponent;
+};
+```
+
+### 4. Replication Modes
+
+Set on the ASC after creation (server-side only):
+
+```cpp
+// In BeginPlay or PossessedBy on the server:
+AbilitySystemComponent->SetReplicationMode(EGameplayEffectReplicationMode::Mixed);
+```
+
+| Mode | When to Use |
+|------|-------------|
+| `Minimal` | AI or non-player actors; no GE replication to simulated proxies |
+| `Mixed` | Player-controlled characters (owner gets full info, others get minimal) |
+| `Full` | Non-player games or debugging; all GEs replicate to all clients |
+
+### 5. InitAbilityActorInfo
+
+Must be called on both server and client after possession. Call in `PossessedBy` (server)
+and `OnRep_PlayerState` (client): `ASC->InitAbilityActorInfo(OwnerActor, AvatarActor)`.
+See `references/gas-setup-patterns.md` for full dual-path code with respawn handling.
+
+---
+
+## GameplayAbilities
+
+### Subclass UGameplayAbility
+
+```cpp
+#include "Abilities/GameplayAbility.h"
+
+UCLASS()
+class UMyFireballAbility : public UGameplayAbility
+{
+    GENERATED_BODY()
+public:
+    UMyFireballAbility();
+    virtual void ActivateAbility(const FGameplayAbilitySpecHandle Handle,
+        const FGameplayAbilityActorInfo* ActorInfo,
+        const FGameplayAbilityActivationInfo ActivationInfo,
+        const FGameplayEventData* TriggerEventData) override;
+    virtual void EndAbility(const FGameplayAbilitySpecHandle Handle,
+        const FGameplayAbilityActorInfo* ActorInfo,
+        const FGameplayAbilityActivationInfo ActivationInfo,
+        bool bReplicateEndAbility, bool bWasCancelled) override;
+    // Ability Tasks — async building blocks for latent abilities:
+    // UAbilityTask_WaitTargetData    — waits for targeting (crosshair/AoE confirm)
+    // UAbilityTask_WaitGameplayEvent — waits for a GameplayEvent tag (e.g., anim notify)
+    // UAbilityTask_WaitDelay         — simple timer
+    // UAbilityTask_PlayMontageAndWait — montage with callbacks (see ue-animation-system)
+    // See references/ability-task-reference.md for full list and custom task pattern.
+    // CancelAbility — called by CancelAbilitiesWithTag or ASC->CancelAbility(Handle)
+    // Internally calls EndAbility with bWasCancelled=true. Override to add cleanup:
+    virtual void CancelAbility(const FGameplayAbilitySpecHandle Handle,
+        const FGameplayAbilityActorInfo* ActorInfo,
+        const FGameplayAbilityActivationInfo ActivationInfo,
+        bool bReplicateCancelAbility) override;
+    // Custom activation guard — return false to block activation beyond tag checks
+    virtual bool CanActivateAbility(const FGameplayAbilitySpecHandle Handle,
+        const FGameplayAbilityActorInfo* ActorInfo, /*...*/) const override;
+    // Must call Super first. Add custom checks (resource availability, cooldown state).
+protected:
+    UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "GAS")
+    TSubclassOf<UGameplayEffect> DamageEffect;
+};
+```
+
+### ActivateAbility Pattern
+
+```cpp
+void UMyFireballAbility::ActivateAbility(const FGameplayAbilitySpecHandle Handle,
+    const FGameplayAbilityActorInfo* ActorInfo,
+    const FGameplayAbilityActivationInfo ActivationInfo,
+    const FGameplayEventData* TriggerEventData)
+{
+    // 1. Commit: validates and applies cost + cooldown
+    if (!CommitAbility(Handle, ActorInfo, ActivationInfo))
+    {
+        EndAbility(Handle, ActorInfo, ActivationInfo, true, true);
+        return;
+    }
+    // 2. Apply effect / spawn projectile / etc.
+    FGameplayEffectSpecHandle Spec = MakeOutgoingGameplayEffectSpec(DamageEffect, GetAbilityLevel());
+    FGameplayAbilityTargetDataHandle TargetData =
+        UAbilitySystemBlueprintLibrary::AbilityTargetDataFromActor(
+            ActorInfo->AvatarActor.Get());
+    ApplyGameplayEffectSpecToTarget(Handle, ActorInfo, ActivationInfo, Spec, TargetData);
+    // 3. End (instant abilities end immediately; latent abilities wait for tasks)
+    EndAbility(Handle, ActorInfo, ActivationInfo, true, false);
+}
+```
+
+`CommitAbility` is shorthand for `CommitAbilityCost` + `CommitAbilityCooldown`. Call them
+separately when needed -- e.g., commit cost without starting cooldown for a channeled ability,
+or commit cooldown without cost for a free ability.
+
+### Instancing and Net Execution Policy
+
+Set in the ability constructor:
+
+```cpp
+UMyFireballAbility::UMyFireballAbility()
+{
+    // InstancedPerActor  - one instance per actor; cheapest for persistent abilities
+    // InstancedPerExecution - new instance each activation; safe for concurrency
+    // NonInstanced       - CDO runs the ability; no per-execution state
+    InstancingPolicy = EGameplayAbilityInstancingPolicy::InstancedPerActor;
+
+    // LocalPredicted  - client runs immediately, server validates (player abilities)
+    // ServerOnly      - authority only, no prediction
+    // LocalOnly       - local client only (UI, cosmetic)
+    // ServerInitiated - server activates, clients run non-authoritative predicted copy
+    NetExecutionPolicy = EGameplayAbilityNetExecutionPolicy::LocalPredicted;
+}
+```
+
+### Granting and Activating Abilities
+
+```cpp
+// Grant (server/authority only):
+FGameplayAbilitySpecHandle Handle = ASC->GiveAbility(
+    FGameplayAbilitySpec(UMyFireballAbility::StaticClass(), 1 /*Level*/));
+
+ASC->TryActivateAbility(Handle);                                       // by handle
+ASC->TryActivateAbilityByClass(UMyFireballAbility::StaticClass());    // by class
+ASC->TryActivateAbilitiesByTag(                                        // by tag
+    FGameplayTagContainer(FGameplayTag::RequestGameplayTag("Ability.Skill.Fireball")));
+```
+
+### Ability Tags
+
+Configure in the ability CDO constructor:
+
+```cpp
+// Tags this ability grants to its owner while active:
+ActivationOwnedTags.AddTag(FGameplayTag::RequestGameplayTag("Ability.Active.Casting"));
+// Tags that prevent this ability from activating:
+ActivationBlockedTags.AddTag(FGameplayTag::RequestGameplayTag("State.Stunned"));
+// Cancel other active abilities with these tags on activation:
+CancelAbilitiesWithTag.AddTag(FGameplayTag::RequestGameplayTag("Ability.Active.Melee"));
+```
+
+---
+
+## GameplayEffects
+
+### Duration Policies
+
+| Policy | Behavior |
+|--------|----------|
+| `Instant` | Executes once; modifies attribute base value permanently |
+| `HasDuration` | Active for set duration; uses `DurationMagnitude` (seconds) |
+| `Infinite` | Active until `RemoveActiveGameplayEffect` is called |
+
+### Applying Effects
+
+```cpp
+FGameplayEffectContextHandle Ctx = ASC->MakeEffectContext();
+FGameplayEffectSpecHandle Spec = ASC->MakeOutgoingSpec(UMyDamageEffect::StaticClass(), Level, Ctx);
+
+// SetByCaller: inject runtime magnitude using a tag key
+Spec.Data->SetSetByCallerMagnitude(
+    FGameplayTag::RequestGameplayTag("SetByCaller.Damage"), 75.f);
+
+ASC->ApplyGameplayEffectSpecToSelf(*Spec.Data.Get());         // self
+ASC->ApplyGameplayEffectSpecToTarget(*Spec.Data.Get(), TargetASC); // target
+
+ASC->RemoveActiveGameplayEffect(ActiveHandle);                // by handle
+ASC->RemoveActiveGameplayEffectBySourceEffect(
+    UMyDamageEffect::StaticClass(), nullptr);                  // by class
+```
+
+See `references/gameplay-effect-reference.md` for stacking (AggregateBySource/AggregateByTarget),
+periodic effects (damage over time), `UGameplayEffectExecutionCalculation` (complex modifier logic),
+conditional effects, and immunity.
+
+---
+
+## AttributeSet
+
+### Define Attributes
+
+```cpp
+// MyHealthSet.h
+#include "AttributeSet.h"
+#include "AbilitySystemComponent.h"
+
+// Convenience macro - define in your project headers
+#define ATTRIBUTE_ACCESSORS(ClassName, PropertyName) \
+    GAMEPLAYATTRIBUTE_PROPERTY_GETTER(ClassName, PropertyName) \
+    GAMEPLAYATTRIBUTE_VALUE_GETTER(PropertyName) \
+    GAMEPLAYATTRIBUTE_VALUE_SETTER(PropertyName) \
+    GAMEPLAYATTRIBUTE_VALUE_INITTER(PropertyName)
+
+UCLASS()
+class UMyHealthSet : public UAttributeSet
+{
+    GENERATED_BODY()
+public:
+    UMyHealthSet();
+
+    // Called BEFORE any modification - use for clamping current value
+    virtual void PreAttributeChange(const FGameplayAttribute& Attribute, float& NewValue) override;
+
+    // Called AFTER instant GE executes - react to changes (death, events)
+    virtual void PostGameplayEffectExecute(const FGameplayEffectModCallbackData& Data) override;
+
+    virtual void GetLifetimeReplicatedProps(TArray<FLifetimeProperty>& OutLifetimeProps) const override;
+
+    UPROPERTY(BlueprintReadOnly, ReplicatedUsing = OnRep_Health, Category = "Health")
+    FGameplayAttributeData Health;
+    ATTRIBUTE_ACCESSORS(UMyHealthSet, Health)
+
+    UPROPERTY(BlueprintReadOnly, ReplicatedUsing = OnRep_MaxHealth, Category = "Health")
+    FGameplayAttributeData MaxHealth;
+    ATTRIBUTE_ACCESSORS(UMyHealthSet, MaxHealth)
+
+protected:
+    UFUNCTION()
+    void OnRep_Health(const FGameplayAttributeData& OldHealth);
+
+    UFUNCTION()
+    void OnRep_MaxHealth(const FGameplayAttributeData& OldMaxHealth);
+};
+```
+
+In the `.cpp`, implement replication and callbacks:
+
+```cpp
+void UMyHealthSet::GetLifetimeReplicatedProps(TArray<FLifetimeProperty>& OutLifetimeProps) const
+{
+    Super::GetLifetimeReplicatedProps(OutLifetimeProps);
+    DOREPLIFETIME_CONDITION_NOTIFY(UMyHealthSet, Health, COND_None, REPNOTIFY_Always);
+    DOREPLIFETIME_CONDITION_NOTIFY(UMyHealthSet, MaxHealth, COND_None, REPNOTIFY_Always);
+}
+
+void UMyHealthSet::OnRep_Health(const FGameplayAttributeData& OldHealth)
+{
+    GAMEPLAYATTRIBUTE_REPNOTIFY(UMyHealthSet, Health, OldHealth);
+}
+
+// PreAttributeChange: clamp CURRENT value before any modification
+void UMyHealthSet::PreAttributeChange(const FGameplayAttribute& Attribute, float& NewValue)
+{
+    Super::PreAttributeChange(Attribute, NewValue);
+    if (Attribute == GetHealthAttribute())
+        NewValue = FMath::Clamp(NewValue, 0.f, GetMaxHealth());
+}
+
+// PostGameplayEffectExecute: react AFTER instant GE modifies base value (damage, death)
+void UMyHealthSet::PostGameplayEffectExecute(const FGameplayEffectModCallbackData& Data)
+{
+    Super::PostGameplayEffectExecute(Data);
+    if (Data.EvaluatedData.Attribute == GetHealthAttribute())
+    {
+        SetHealth(FMath::Clamp(GetHealth(), 0.f, GetMaxHealth()));
+        if (GetHealth() <= 0.f) { /* trigger death */ }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Register AttributeSet on ASC
+
+```cpp
+// In PlayerState or Character constructor:
+// Option 1: CreateDefaultSubobject (auto-registered as subobject)
+HealthSet = CreateDefaultSubobject<UMyHealthSet>(TEXT("HealthSet"));
+
+// Option 2: Runtime (authority only) — create and register as subobject:
+UMyHealthSet* NewSet = NewObject<UMyHealthSet>(this);
+AbilitySystemComponent->AddSpawnedAttribute(NewSet);
+
+// Read attribute value:
+float CurrentHealth = AbilitySystemComponent->GetNumericAttribute(
+    UMyHealthSet::GetHealthAttribute());
+```
+
+**Multiple AttributeSets**: An ASC can host multiple `UAttributeSet` subclasses (e.g.,
+`UHealthSet` + `UOffenseSet`), each auto-discovered via subobject enumeration. Never register
+two instances of the same class -- the second is silently ignored.
+
+---
+
+## GameplayTags
+
+### Defining Tags
+
+In `Config/DefaultGameplayTags.ini` or via native tags (preferred for code references):
+
+```cpp
+// MyGameplayTags.h
+#include "NativeGameplayTags.h"
+UE_DECLARE_GAMEPLAY_TAG_EXTERN(TAG_Ability_Fireball)
+UE_DECLARE_GAMEPLAY_TAG_EXTERN(TAG_State_Stunned)
+
+// MyGameplayTags.cpp
+UE_DEFINE_GAMEPLAY_TAG_COMMENT(TAG_Ability_Fireball, "Ability.Skill.Fireball", "Fireball ability")
+UE_DEFINE_GAMEPLAY_TAG_COMMENT(TAG_State_Stunned, "State.Stunned", "Actor is stunned")
+```
+
+### Tag Matching
+
+`"A.1".MatchesTag("A") == true` (hierarchical); `MatchesTagExact` requires exact match.
+
+```cpp
+FGameplayTagContainer Tags;
+Tags.HasTag(FireballTag);      // parent-aware match
+Tags.HasTagExact(FireballTag); // exact only
+Tags.HasAny(OtherContainer);
+Tags.HasAll(OtherContainer);
+
+// Query ASC:
+ASC->HasMatchingGameplayTag(TAG_State_Stunned);
+ASC->GetOwnedGameplayTags(); // FGameplayTagContainer
+
+// Listen for changes:
+ASC->RegisterGameplayTagEvent(TAG_State_Stunned, EGameplayTagEventType::NewOrRemoved)
+    .AddUObject(this, &AMyCharacter::OnStunnedTagChanged);
+```
+
+### Loose Tags (Manual, No GE)
+
+```cpp
+ASC->AddLooseGameplayTag(TAG_State_Stunned);
+ASC->RemoveLooseGameplayTag(TAG_State_Stunned);
+// Loose tags are NOT replicated by default. To replicate a loose tag,
+// pass EGameplayTagReplicationState::TagOnly as the third argument:
+ASC->AddLooseGameplayTag(TAG_State_Buffed, 1, EGameplayTagReplicationState::TagOnly);
+ASC->RemoveLooseGameplayTag(TAG_State_Buffed, 1, EGameplayTagReplicationState::TagOnly);
+```
+
+---
+
+## GameplayCues
+
+Cosmetic-only (particles, sounds, decals). Never affect gameplay state. Tag prefix: `GameplayCue.`
+
+In the GE asset, add `FGameplayEffectCue` entries with `GameplayCueTags` and level range.
+
+```cpp
+// Burst (one-shot):
+ASC->ExecuteGameplayCue(FGameplayTag::RequestGameplayTag("GameplayCue.Hit.Fire"),
+    ASC->MakeEffectContext());
+
+// Persistent (add/remove pair):
+ASC->AddGameplayCue(FGameplayTag::RequestGameplayTag("GameplayCue.Buff.Speed"));
+ASC->RemoveGameplayCue(FGameplayTag::RequestGameplayTag("GameplayCue.Buff.Speed"));
+
+// Poll active state:
+bool bActive = ASC->IsGameplayCueActive(FGameplayTag::RequestGameplayTag("GameplayCue.Buff.Speed"));
+```
+
+Cue Notify classes:
+- `AGameplayCueNotify_Actor`: Persistent/looping. Overrides `OnActive`, `WhileActive`, `OnRemove`.
+- `AGameplayCueNotify_Static`: Burst/one-shot. Overrides `OnExecute`.
+
+Place cue notify assets in `/Game/GAS/GameplayCues/` for `UGameplayCueManager` auto-discovery.
+
+---
+
+## Common Mistakes and Anti-Patterns
+
+**ASC ownership confusion:** Implement `IAbilitySystemInterface` on the class that *owns* the ASC
+(PlayerState), not just on the Pawn. Otherwise `UAbilitySystemBlueprintLibrary` lookups fail.
+
+**InitAbilityActorInfo only on server:** Clients need it too. Call in `OnRep_PlayerState` (client)
+and `PossessedBy` (server). Skipping client-side init breaks attribute replication on the owning client.
+
+**GEs applied before InitAbilityActorInfo:** The ASC is not ready; attributes are not registered.
+Always complete init before granting abilities or applying effects.
+
+**PreAttributeChange vs PostGameplayEffectExecute:** `PreAttributeChange` fires on every current-value
+change (aggregator updates, buff adds/removes). Use it only to clamp. Use `PostGameplayEffectExecute`
+to react to instant GE base-value execution (damage, death). Never send game events from `PreAttributeChange`.
+
+**Forgetting CommitAbility:** Without it, the ability runs but consumes no mana and starts no cooldown.
+
+**Loose tags not replicated:** `AddLooseGameplayTag` does not replicate by default. Pass
+`EGameplayTagReplicationState::TagOnly` as the third argument to replicate the tag, or grant
+via a GE for fully replicated effect-driven tags.
+
+**Effect stacking overflow:** Stacks beyond `LimitCount` are silently rejected. Use `GetCurrentStackCount`
+to inspect the current level before attempting further stack applications.
+
+**GAS with AI:** AI has no PlayerState. Place the ASC on the AICharacter, call
+`InitAbilityActorInfo(AICharacter, AICharacter)`, set replication mode to `Minimal`.
+
+**Hot-joining**: Late-joining clients receive active effects via `FActiveGameplayEffectsContainer`
+replication after `InitAbilityActorInfo`. Never apply startup GEs in `BeginPlay` unconditionally
+-- server-only, or late joiners double-apply.
+
+---
+
+## Reference Files
+
+- `references/gas-setup-patterns.md` — Full ASC ownership patterns and initialization sequences
+  for PlayerState and Character owners, multiplayer and single-player
+- `references/gameplay-effect-reference.md` — Effect configuration, stacking rules, modifier
+  types, execution calculations, periodic effects, conditional effects
+- `references/ability-task-reference.md` — Common built-in ability tasks and custom task patterns
+
+## Related Skills
+
+- `/ue-actor-component-architecture` — Component setup and subobject registration
+- `/ue-networking-replication` — Replication modes, RPCs, prediction keys
+- `/ue-animation-system` — Montage ability tasks (PlayMontageAndWait)
+- `/ue-gameplay-framework` — PlayerState ownership pattern, Pawn/Controller lifecycle
+- `/ue-cpp-foundations` — Delegate binding, UPROPERTY macros, TSubclassOf patterns
+- `/ue-naming-conventions` — asset prefixes and Content folder layout for these assets
+
+---
+
+## Checklist
+
+Validate before considering the work done:
+
+- [ ] Stats are modified through Gameplay Effects, never written directly
+- [ ] State is identified by Gameplay Tags rather than booleans
+- [ ] Ability activation policy and prediction were chosen deliberately
+- [ ] Conventions in `docs/unreal/project-context.md` were read and followed
+- [ ] The Common Mistakes section of this skill was reviewed against the change
+
+**PASS** — every item holds. **CONCERNS** — the work stands but at least one item is unresolved and worth flagging to the user. **FAIL** — an item is violated in a way that breaks correctness, replication or the frame budget; fix it before handing the work over.
+
+## Next Steps
+
+- `/ue-networking-replication` — verify ability replication and prediction
+- `/balance-check` — sanity-check the tuning values
+- `/code-review` — architectural and quality review of the change
+- `/commit` — conventional commit once the change is verified