champollion 0.3.4 → 0.4.0

package/lib/docusaurus-sync.js

@@ -29,29 +29,54 @@ import {
   discoverDocusaurusContentFiles, getDocusaurusTargetPath,
   findUntranslatableNestedFields,
 } from './content.js';
-import { translateRawContent } from './translate.js';
+import { translateRawContent, getMethod } from './translate.js';
 import {
   splitBlocks, buildBlockBatchPrompt, parseBlockBatchResponse,
   translateBlockBatchResilient,
   assertSegmentationMode,
 } from './segment.js';
 import { DEFAULT_REGISTERS } from './registers.js';
-import { DEFAULT_JSON_CONCURRENCY, EST_CHARS_PER_KEY } from './config.js';
+import { DEFAULT_JSON_CONCURRENCY } from './config.js';
 import { compileNoTranslate } from './no-translate.js';
-import { checkContentPreservation } from './validate.js';
+import { checkContentPreservation, contentGateFault, SharedOutputIndex } from './validate.js';
 import { convertScript, applyScriptFallback } from './scripts.js';
 import { pMap } from './concurrent.js';
 import {
   loadTM, saveTM, tmSize, isTMDirty,
-  lookupTM, lookupTMValidated, storeTM, evictTM, partitionByTM, tmMethodKey,
+  lookupTM, peekTM, storeTM, evictTM, partitionByTM, tmMethodKey, setModelCarryover, bypassTMFor,
+  describeTMChanges, adoptLegacyCoachingKeys,
 } from './tm.js';
 import {
-  readManifest, writeManifest, detectChangedKeys, hashValue,
+  readLock, writeManifest, detectChangedKeys, hashValue,
 } from './hash.js';
+import {
+  LockState, planQueue, recordRefusal, describeHeldKeys, describeFallbackOnlyKeys, keyFateNote, describeHeldNext,
+  shortSourceHash,
+} from './locale-state.js';
+import { redoCommand } from './verify.js';
 import { CONTENT_LOCK_FILENAME } from './content-sync.js';
-import { parseMaxCost, abortForMaxCost, printCostTable } from './cost-report.js';
+import {
+  parseMaxCost, abortForMaxCost, maxCostVerdict, reportDryRunMaxCost, printCostTable, warnModelSwitchStrandedTM, priceContentChars,
+  preflightStopReason,
+  summarizeEstimate,
+} from './cost-report.js';
+import { billableContentChars, translatableBlockSources } from './content-estimate.js';
+import { compileFileScope } from './file-scope.js';
 import { output } from './output.js';
-import { translateAndValidate } from './translate-pair.js';
+import { missingKeyAdvice } from './missing-key.js';
+import { translateWithFallback } from './translate-pair.js';
+import {
+  tmKeysForPair, tmHoldsValue, createFallbackBudget, newFallbackReport, addToTally,
+  fallbackSummary, printFallbackReport, warnFallbackMajority, lookupContentTM, serveFieldsFromFallbackCache,
+  translateFieldsWithFallback, translateBlocksWithFallback, translatePageWithFallback,
+  refuseRepeatedCachedPage,
+} from './fallback.js';
+import { walkFiles } from './locale-layout.js';
+import {
+  readRefusals, contentHolds, nextRefusals, storeRefusals, blockUnit, fieldUnit, describeHeld, describeNewHold,
+  describeFallenBack, previewHeld, PAGE_UNIT, PAGE_NAME,
+} from './content-refusals.js';
+import { applyNamedKeyRule, reportUnmatchedKeys, unmatchedKeysSummary, reportNamedFromCache } from './named-keys.js';
 
 /**
  * Discover all JSON locale files in a Docusaurus i18n source directory.
@@ -63,20 +88,64 @@ import { translateAndValidate } from './translate-pair.js';
  * @returns {string[]} Absolute paths to JSON files
  */
 function discoverDocusaurusJSONFiles(sourceLocaleDir) {
-  const files = [];
-  function walk(dir) {
-    if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) return;
-    for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(dir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
-      const fullPath = path.join(dir, entry.name);
-      if (entry.isDirectory()) {
-        walk(fullPath);
-      } else if (entry.isFile() && entry.name.endsWith('.json')) {
-        files.push(fullPath);
-      }
-    }
+  // The shared folder-per-locale walk (lib/locale-layout.js). Docusaurus
+  // keeps its historical reach: hidden entries are NOT skipped here.
+  return walkFiles(sourceLocaleDir, name => name.endsWith('.json'), { skipHidden: false });
+}
+
+/**
+ * What one (UI-string file × locale) queue becomes once the lock's refusal
+ * records are consulted — the key-value lane's rule (lib/locale-state.js
+ * planQueue), shared by the estimate and the sync so the estimate prices
+ * exactly what the run sends. A key the gate refused for its current source
+ * text is held back from the method that refused it (its fallback, when it
+ * has not refused it, is asked instead) unless it is named for a redo
+ * (`--redo keys:`), queued by `--redo all`, or the run is `--fresh`.
+ *
+ * Docusaurus records no written values, so no value counts as a person's
+ * edit here (a bulk redo re-translates every UI string, as it always did),
+ * and there is no pending retry: a UI string refused under a redo is held
+ * back by the next plain sync, as a content block is.
+ *
+ * @param {object} p
+ * @param {object} p.diff - diffLocale result for the file × locale
+ * @param {object} p.sourceFlat
+ * @param {object} p.targetFlat
+ * @param {string} p.nsPrefix - "docusaurus:<relPath>:" (the lock's key space)
+ * @param {object} p.localeState - LockState.of(code) / .peek(code)
+ * @param {object} p.pairConfig
+ * @param {{ named: Set<string>, bulk: boolean, fresh: boolean }} p.redo
+ * @param {string} p.fallbackPrefix
+ * @returns {{ held: string[], heldFromPrimary: string[] }}
+ */
+function planUIStrings({ diff, sourceFlat, targetFlat, nsPrefix, localeState, pairConfig, redo, fallbackPrefix }) {
+  const plan = planQueue({
+    diff, sourceFlat, targetFlat, lockKeyOf: (k) => nsPrefix + k, localeState,
+    named: redo.named, bulk: redo.bulk, pending: new Set(), fresh: redo.fresh, pairConfig,
+    classify: () => 'machine',
+    fallbackPrefix,
+  });
+  return { held: plan.held, heldFromPrimary: plan.heldFromPrimary };
+}
+
+/**
+ * UI strings refused for an older source text that the file still holds as
+ * the English copy of that text (Docusaurus needs every id, so an untranslated
+ * one is written as its source message): the source was edited since, which
+ * lifts the hold — queued as changed. Without this the edit was invisible: the
+ * refused string never had its source hash recorded, and the old English no
+ * longer equals the new source, so nothing queued it.
+ *
+ * @returns {string[]}
+ */
+function editedSinceRefused(sourceFlat, targetFlat, nsPrefix, localeState) {
+  const out = [];
+  for (const [k, src] of Object.entries(sourceFlat)) {
+    const rec = localeState.refused[nsPrefix + k];
+    if (!rec || typeof src !== 'string' || typeof targetFlat[k] !== 'string') continue;
+    if (rec.source !== shortSourceHash(src) && shortSourceHash(targetFlat[k]) === rec.source) out.push(k);
   }
-  walk(sourceLocaleDir);
-  return files.sort();
+  return out;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -97,12 +166,13 @@ function discoverDocusaurusJSONFiles(sourceLocaleDir) {
  * @param {object} config - Resolved config (localesDir)
  * @param {object} manifest - Content lock manifest (hash per file × locale)
  * @param {boolean} forceContent - --force-content: re-process up-to-date files
+ * @param {import('./file-scope.js').FileScope|null} [fileScope] - --files / --retranslate
  *   too (action 're-translate'), WITHOUT clearing the manifest — a target
  *   with no lock entry and no '[EN] ' markers is a genuine hand-translated
  *   file, and force must never overwrite human work with machine output.
  * @returns {{ workItems: Array<object>, totalContentSkipped: number, recordedHashes: object }}
  */
-function scanDocusaurusContentWork(contentSources, pairEntries, config, manifest, forceContent) {
+function scanDocusaurusContentWork(contentSources, pairEntries, config, manifest, forceContent, fileScope = null) {
   const workItems = [];
   let totalContentSkipped = 0;
   const recordedHashes = {};
@@ -115,6 +185,9 @@ function scanDocusaurusContentWork(contentSources, pairEntries, config, manifest
 
     for (const sourcePath of sourceFiles) {
       const relPath = path.relative(sourceContentDir, sourcePath);
+      const label = `${dirName}/${relPath}`;
+      if (fileScope && !fileScope.includes(label)) continue;
+      const retranslate = fileScope ? fileScope.retranslates(label) : false;
 
       // Read + parse source file once per source path. The staleness hash
       // covers the RAW file (same as the Hugo twin's hashFileContent): a
@@ -142,7 +215,7 @@ function scanDocusaurusContentWork(contentSources, pairEntries, config, manifest
       }
       const { parsed, fieldsToTranslate, pageTitle, sourceHash } = sourceCache.get(sourcePath);
 
-      for (const [, pairConfig] of pairEntries) {
+      for (const [pairKey, pairConfig] of pairEntries) {
         const code = pairConfig.target;
         const targetPath = getDocusaurusTargetPath(
           sourcePath, sourceContentDir, code, config.localesDir, pluginName
@@ -156,7 +229,11 @@ function scanDocusaurusContentWork(contentSources, pairEntries, config, manifest
         const manifestKey = `docusaurus:${dirName}/${relPath}:${code}`;
         let action = 'new'; // 'new' | 'changed' | 're-translate'
 
-        if (fs.existsSync(targetPath)) {
+        if (retranslate) {
+          // --retranslate: named by the operator — no lock skip, no
+          // adoption; the caller makes its text miss the TM.
+          if (fs.existsSync(targetPath)) action = 're-translate';
+        } else if (fs.existsSync(targetPath)) {
           const storedHash = manifest[manifestKey];
           if (storedHash) {
             if (storedHash === sourceHash) {
@@ -190,7 +267,7 @@ function scanDocusaurusContentWork(contentSources, pairEntries, config, manifest
         workItems.push({
           sourcePath, parsed, fieldsToTranslate, pageTitle, sourceHash,
           relPath, dirName,
-          pairConfig, code, targetPath, manifestKey, pluginName, action,
+          pairKey, pairConfig, code, targetPath, manifestKey, pluginName, action, retranslate,
         });
       }
     }
@@ -240,7 +317,7 @@ function scanDocusaurusContentWork(contentSources, pairEntries, config, manifest
  *   Structured estimate, or null when estimation itself failed (callers
  *   with --max-cost must fail safe: unknown ≠ free)
  */
-async function printDocusaurusCostEstimate(pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir, tm, contentWorkItems, lockManifest, noTranslate) {
+async function printDocusaurusCostEstimate(pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir, tm, contentWorkItems, lockManifest, noTranslate, lockState = null, redo = null) {
   try {
     const { estimateCost } = await import('./pairs.js');
     const costEstimates = [];
@@ -251,6 +328,7 @@ async function printDocusaurusCostEstimate(pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir,
     const sourceJSONFiles = discoverDocusaurusJSONFiles(sourceLocaleDir);
     const missesByPair = new Map(); // pairKey → miss count
     const hitsByPair = new Map();   // pairKey → TM hit count
+    const heldByPair = new Map();   // pairKey → keys held back (refused before; not sent)
 
     for (const sourceFilePath of sourceJSONFiles) {
       const relPath = path.relative(sourceLocaleDir, sourceFilePath);
@@ -283,26 +361,45 @@ async function printDocusaurusCostEstimate(pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir,
 
         // Same confirmed-echo suppression as the Phase-1 sync below, so the
         // estimate prices exactly the keys the run will actually queue.
-        const estTmKey = tmMethodKey(pairConfig);
+        // With a fallback, its cached values count too (lib/fallback.js).
+        const estTmKeys = tmKeysForPair(pairConfig);
+        const localeChanged = lockState
+          ? [...new Set([...changedKeys, ...editedSinceRefused(sourceFlat, existingFlat, nsPrefix, lockState.peek(code))])]
+          : changedKeys;
         const diff = diffLocale(
           sourceFlat, existingFlat, config.fallbackPrefix,
-          config._forceAllKeys ? Object.keys(sourceFlat) : config.forceKeys, changedKeys,
-          (key, sourceValue) => lookupTM(tm, sourceValue, code, estTmKey) === sourceValue,
+          config._forceAllKeys ? Object.keys(sourceFlat) : config.forceKeys, localeChanged,
+          (key, sourceValue) => tmHoldsValue(tm, sourceValue, code, estTmKeys, sourceValue),
           noTranslate.active ? noTranslate.matches : null
         );
         const stringKeys = diff.toProcess.filter(k => typeof sourceFlat[k] === 'string');
         if (stringKeys.length === 0) continue;
 
-        const { misses } = partitionByTM(tm, sourceFlat, stringKeys, code, tmMethodKey(pairConfig));
+        // Refused before (the lock's records): never sent to the method that
+        // refused them — held keys cost nothing; a fallback is not priced.
+        const notSent = new Set();
+        if (lockState && redo) {
+          const plan = planUIStrings({
+            diff, sourceFlat, targetFlat: existingFlat, nsPrefix, localeState: lockState.peek(code), pairConfig, redo,
+            fallbackPrefix: config.fallbackPrefix,
+          });
+          for (const k of [...plan.held, ...plan.heldFromPrimary]) notSent.add(k);
+        }
+        let { misses } = partitionByTM(tm, sourceFlat, stringKeys, code, tmMethodKey(pairConfig));
+        if (estTmKeys.length > 1) misses = misses.filter(k => lookupTM(tm, sourceFlat[k], code, estTmKeys[1]) === null);
+        const held = misses.filter(k => notSent.has(k)).length;
+        misses = misses.filter(k => !notSent.has(k));
         missesByPair.set(pairKey, (missesByPair.get(pairKey) || 0) + misses.length);
-        hitsByPair.set(pairKey, (hitsByPair.get(pairKey) || 0) + (stringKeys.length - misses.length));
+        hitsByPair.set(pairKey, (hitsByPair.get(pairKey) || 0) + (stringKeys.length - misses.length - held));
+        heldByPair.set(pairKey, (heldByPair.get(pairKey) || 0) + held);
       }
     }
 
     for (const [pairKey, pairConfig] of pairEntries) {
       const keysToTranslate = missesByPair.get(pairKey) || 0;
       const tmHits = hitsByPair.get(pairKey) || 0;
-      if (keysToTranslate === 0 && tmHits === 0) continue;
+      const heldCount = heldByPair.get(pairKey) || 0;
+      if (keysToTranslate === 0 && tmHits === 0 && heldCount === 0) continue;
 
       if (keysToTranslate > 0) {
         // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop — sequential is fine for cost queries (cached)
@@ -317,8 +414,15 @@ async function printDocusaurusCostEstimate(pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir,
           method: pairConfig.method || 'llm',
           keys: keysToTranslate,
           tmHits,
+          ...(heldCount > 0 && { held: heldCount }),
           estimatedCost: estimate.estimatedCost,
           source: estimate.source,
+          ...(estimate.local && { local: true }),
+          ...(estimate.note && { note: estimate.note }),
+          // The rate it was priced at, its source and date (cost-report.js rateLine).
+          ...(estimate.rate && { rate: estimate.rate }),
+          // No price: the model it was looked up under, so the table can name it.
+          ...(estimate.estimatedCost === null && estimate.model && { model: estimate.model }),
         });
       } else {
         // Fully TM-covered: zero API calls → a KNOWN $0, even for
@@ -328,8 +432,9 @@ async function printDocusaurusCostEstimate(pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir,
           method: pairConfig.method || 'llm',
           keys: 0,
           tmHits,
+          ...(heldCount > 0 && { held: heldCount }),
           estimatedCost: 0,
-          source: 'translation-memory',
+          source: tmHits > 0 ? 'translation-memory' : 'nothing-to-send',
         });
       }
     }
@@ -342,72 +447,51 @@ async function printDocusaurusCostEstimate(pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir,
       // block sources once (only needed for 'block' mode misses).
       const blockSourcesCache = new Map(); // sourcePath → string[]
       const charsByPair = new Map(); // pairConfig (by reference) → billed source chars
+      const roughCharsByPair = new Map(); // pairConfig → all source chars, as if the TM were empty
       const pendingSourceFiles = new Set();
 
       for (const item of contentWorkItems) {
         pendingSourceFiles.add(item.sourcePath);
         const code = item.code;
-        const tmKey = tmMethodKey(item.pairConfig);
-        let chars = 0;
-
-        // Front-matter fields: each field is cached on its own source
-        // text — only TM misses reach the API.
-        for (const text of Object.values(item.fieldsToTranslate)) {
-          if (lookupTM(tm, text, code, tmKey) === null) chars += text.length;
-        }
-
-        // Body: whole-body TM first (a revert or lock-loss re-run is
-        // free), then per-block in 'block' mode — the same ladder the
-        // sync runs below.
-        const body = item.parsed.body;
-        if (body.trim() && lookupTM(tm, body, code, tmKey) === null) {
-          const segMode = item.pairConfig.contentSegmentation || config.contentSegmentation || 'block';
-          if (segMode === 'page') {
-            chars += body.length;
-          } else {
+        const segMode = item.pairConfig.contentSegmentation || config.contentSegmentation || 'block';
+        const { billedChars: chars, totalChars } = billableContentChars({
+          tm,
+          code,
+          tmKey: tmMethodKey(item.pairConfig),
+          fallbackTmKey: item.pairConfig.fallback ? tmMethodKey(item.pairConfig.fallback) : null,
+          fields: item.fieldsToTranslate,
+          body: item.parsed.body,
+          segMode,
+          blockSources: () => {
             if (!blockSourcesCache.has(item.sourcePath)) {
-              const { protectedBody, blocks } = protectBlocks(body);
-              blockSourcesCache.set(
-                item.sourcePath,
-                splitBlocks(protectedBody)
-                  .filter(seg => seg.type === 'translatable')
-                  .map(seg => restoreBlocks(seg.text, blocks))
-              );
-            }
-            for (const source of blockSourcesCache.get(item.sourcePath)) {
-              if (lookupTM(tm, source, code, tmKey) === null) chars += source.length;
+              blockSourcesCache.set(item.sourcePath, translatableBlockSources(item.parsed.body));
             }
-          }
-        }
+            return blockSourcesCache.get(item.sourcePath);
+          },
+          holds: item.holds || null,
+        });
+        roughCharsByPair.set(item.pairConfig, (roughCharsByPair.get(item.pairConfig) || 0) + totalChars);
 
         if (chars > 0) {
           charsByPair.set(item.pairConfig, (charsByPair.get(item.pairConfig) || 0) + chars);
         }
       }
 
-      let contentCost = 0;
-      let contentUnknown = false;
-      for (const [, pairConfig] of pairEntries) {
-        const chars = charsByPair.get(pairConfig);
-        // Fully TM-covered pairs are a KNOWN $0 (zero API calls) — they
-        // must not consult estimateCost, whose unknown-pricing null would
-        // wrongly trip hasUnknownCosts and abort a free run under a cap.
-        if (!chars) continue;
-        const keyEquivalents = Math.ceil(chars / EST_CHARS_PER_KEY);
-        // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop — sequential is fine for cost queries (cached)
-        const estimate = await estimateCost(keyEquivalents, pairConfig);
-        if (estimate.estimatedCost !== null) {
-          contentCost += estimate.estimatedCost;
-        } else {
-          contentUnknown = true;
-        }
-      }
+      const billed = await priceContentChars(charsByPair, pairEntries, estimateCost);
+      const rough = await priceContentChars(roughCharsByPair, pairEntries, estimateCost);
+      const contentCost = billed.cost;
+      const contentUnknown = billed.unknown;
 
       content = {
         files: pendingSourceFiles.size,
         pendingTranslations: contentWorkItems.length,
         estimatedCost: contentUnknown ? null : contentCost,
+        costWithoutTM: rough.unknown ? null : rough.cost,
         rough: true,
+        // Which pairs have no price, and why (printCostTable names them).
+        ...(contentUnknown && { unpriced: billed.unpriced }),
+        // The rates the billed part was priced at.
+        ...(billed.rates.length > 0 && { rates: billed.rates }),
       };
       if (contentUnknown) {
         hasUnknownCosts = true;
@@ -418,16 +502,7 @@ async function printDocusaurusCostEstimate(pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir,
 
     printCostTable(costEstimates, content, totalEstimatedCost, hasUnknownCosts);
 
-    return {
-      currency: 'USD',
-      pairs: costEstimates,
-      keyCost: content && content.estimatedCost !== null
-        ? totalEstimatedCost - content.estimatedCost
-        : totalEstimatedCost,
-      content,
-      totalEstimatedCost,
-      hasUnknownCosts,
-    };
+    return summarizeEstimate(costEstimates, content, totalEstimatedCost, hasUnknownCosts);
   } catch (costError) {
     // Non-blocking without a cap — warn and continue. Callers enforcing
     // --max-cost must treat the null return as unknown (abort).
@@ -508,9 +583,48 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
     );
   }
 
+  // Keys named for a redo (--redo keys: / --force-keys) must exist — the
+  // rule the key-value path applies (lib/named-keys.js). A name matching no
+  // UI string used to re-queue nothing in silence and exit 0. Checked before
+  // the preflight, the estimate or any spend: with no name matching nothing
+  // runs; with some, those are redone and the run then fails naming the rest.
+  // Docusaurus message ids are per file but named bare: a name re-queues
+  // that id in every JSON file that has it (as the diff below applies it).
+  const unmatchedNamed = applyNamedKeyRule({
+    cliArgs, config,
+    known: () => {
+      const ids = new Set();
+      for (const file of discoverDocusaurusJSONFiles(sourceLocaleDir)) {
+        for (const key of Object.keys(extractDocusaurusMessages(JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf-8'))))) {
+          if (!isUnsafeKey(key)) ids.add(key);
+        }
+      }
+      return ids;
+    },
+  });
+
   // Thread dryRun/audit into cliArgs so the preflight check can skip
   // when appropriate — same pattern as the main sync path in sync.js
-  const { apiKey, pairEntries } = await resolveRuntime(config, cwd, { ...cliArgs, dryRun, audit });
+  const { apiKey, pairEntries, preflightFailures = [] } = await resolveRuntime(config, cwd, { ...cliArgs, dryRun, audit });
+
+  // Content needs what the pair's own method needs — a local model needs no
+  // OPENROUTER_API_KEY (the lane used to demand it for every pair). Same
+  // lazy, per-pair readiness check as the content lane (content-sync.js).
+  const readinessCache = new Map();
+  const requirePairReady = async (pairKey, pairConfig, code, what) => {
+    if (!readinessCache.has(pairKey)) {
+      const method = getMethod(pairConfig.method || 'llm', pairConfig);
+      readinessCache.set(pairKey, Promise.resolve(method.checkReadiness({ apiKey, cwd })));
+    }
+    const readiness = await readinessCache.get(pairKey);
+    if (!readiness.ready) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Docusaurus ${what} for ${code}: method "${pairConfig.method || 'llm'}" cannot run — no API key or unmet prerequisite.\n` +
+        `  ${readiness.reason}\n` +
+        missingKeyAdvice({ reasons: [readiness.reason], setupHelp: ['  Set the key it names in .env.local (or your environment) to translate content.'] }).join('\n')
+      );
+    }
+  };
 
   if (pairEntries.length === 0) {
     output.info('No target languages configured. Add pairs to champollion.config.json.');
@@ -542,6 +656,13 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
   } else if (tmInitialSize > 0) {
     output.info(`[TM] ${tmInitialSize} cached entries loaded`);
   }
+  // Model carry-over (lib/tm.js) is on unless --fresh-on-model-change.
+  const freshOnModelChange = !!cliArgs['fresh-on-model-change'];
+  if (freshOnModelChange) setModelCarryover(tm, false);
+  // Entries made before coaching was keyed, with today's coaching: still
+  // served (lib/tm.js adoptLegacyCoachingKeys).
+  if (!noTM) adoptLegacyCoachingKeys(tm, pairEntries.map(([, pc]) => pc));
+  if (!noTM) warnModelSwitchStrandedTM(tm, pairEntries.map(([, pc]) => pc), { fresh: freshOnModelChange });
 
   // Phase-1 source-hash manifest (.champollion.lock) — read up front
   // because the cost estimator mirrors Phase 1's changed-key detection.
@@ -551,8 +672,19 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
   // manifest, EDITING an English UI string never re-translated it: the
   // diff only sees missing keys and [EN] fallbacks, so a changed source
   // value looked "fully synced" forever.
-  const lockManifest = readManifest(cwd);
+  const lock = readLock(cwd);
+  const lockManifest = lock.source;
   const updatedLockManifest = { ...lockManifest };
+  // The lock's per-locale record (lib/locale-state.js): which UI strings the
+  // quality gate refused, per (file × key × locale), for their current source
+  // text and the method key that produced the refused answer. A plain sync
+  // holds them back from that method — the key-value rule. Keyed like the
+  // manifest ("docusaurus:<relPath>:<id>").
+  const lockState = new LockState(lock.locales);
+  // What counts as an explicit redo (always sent, never held back): ids named
+  // by --redo keys: / --force-keys, every id under --redo all (--force), and
+  // anything under --fresh.
+  const redo = { named: new Set(config.forceKeys || []), bulk: !!config._forceAllKeys, fresh: noTM };
 
   // ── Content discovery + pending-work scan ─────────────────────
   // Done up front (not in Phase 2) because the cost estimate needs the
@@ -586,9 +718,29 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
   if (fs.existsSync(contentLockPath)) {
     try { docuContentManifest = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(contentLockPath, 'utf-8')); } catch { /* first run */ }
   }
+  // --files / --retranslate (lib/file-scope.js). Resolved at the scan, so a
+  // pattern that matches nothing fails before the estimate or any spend.
+  const fileScope = compileFileScope(cliArgs);
   const contentScan = scanDocusaurusContentWork(
-    contentSources, pairEntries, config, docuContentManifest, forceContent
+    contentSources, pairEntries, config, docuContentManifest, forceContent, fileScope
   );
+  if (fileScope) fileScope.assertAllMatched();
+  // --retranslate files miss the TM for this run (estimate and sync alike),
+  // so they are priced and translated fresh; new results replace the cache.
+  for (const item of contentScan.workItems) {
+    if (!item.retranslate) continue;
+    bypassTMFor(tm, item.code, [
+      ...Object.values(item.fieldsToTranslate), item.parsed.body, ...translatableBlockSources(item.parsed.body),
+    ]);
+  }
+  // Blocks and front-matter fields the quality gate refused before
+  // (lib/content-refusals.js): not sent to the method that refused them again
+  // unless the page is named for a redo (--redo files: / --redo content /
+  // --retranslate / --fresh). The estimate and the sync read the same holds.
+  for (const item of contentScan.workItems) {
+    item.refusalsBefore = readRefusals(docuContentManifest, item.manifestKey);
+    item.holds = contentHolds(item.refusalsBefore, item.pairConfig, { redo: forceContent || item.retranslate || noTM });
+  }
 
   // ── Pre-sync cost estimation + --max-cost gate ────────────────
   // Mirrors sync.js: without a cap the estimate is informational and
@@ -598,26 +750,63 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
   // exact thing a capped user needs to see.
   const maxCost = parseMaxCost(cliArgs['max-cost']);
   const costEstimate = await printDocusaurusCostEstimate(
-    pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir, tm, contentScan.workItems, lockManifest, noTranslate
+    pairEntries, config, sourceLocaleDir, tm, contentScan.workItems, lockManifest, noTranslate, lockState, redo
   );
+  // Machine-readable estimate BEFORE the gate (see sync.js).
+  if (costEstimate) output.event('cost', costEstimate);
+  // A dry run never stops at the cap, but says what the real run would do.
+  let dryMaxCost = null;
   if (maxCost !== null && !dryRun) {
-    if (!costEstimate) {
-      return abortForMaxCost(
-        maxCost, null,
-        'Cost estimation failed, so --max-cost cannot be enforced (unknown is not free).'
-      );
-    }
-    if (costEstimate.hasUnknownCosts) {
-      return abortForMaxCost(
-        maxCost, null,
-        'Some pairs have unknown pricing, so the total cost cannot be bounded (unknown is not free).'
-      );
+    const verdict = maxCostVerdict(maxCost, costEstimate);
+    if (verdict.wouldStop) return abortForMaxCost(maxCost, verdict.estimatedCost, verdict.reason);
+  } else if (maxCost !== null) {
+    dryMaxCost = reportDryRunMaxCost(maxCost, costEstimate, { stopsEarlier: preflightStopReason(preflightFailures) });
+  }
+
+  // Fallback methods are outside the estimate (they translate what the
+  // primary fails, unknown in advance). Under --max-cost each fallback batch
+  // must fit in what the estimate left of the cap (lib/fallback.js).
+  if (pairEntries.some(([, p]) => p.fallback)) {
+    output.info(
+      'Fallback methods are not in this estimate — they only translate what the primary method fails, '
+      + 'which is not known in advance.'
+      + (maxCost !== null ? ' Under --max-cost each fallback batch is priced before it runs and skipped if it would pass the cap.' : '')
+    );
+  }
+  const fallbackBudget = createFallbackBudget({
+    maxCost: dryRun ? null : maxCost,
+    committed: costEstimate?.knownEstimatedCost ?? 0,
+    cwd,
+  });
+  // Different inputs, same output (lib/validate.js SharedOutputIndex): one
+  // index per locale for this run's UI strings and Markdown pages — cached
+  // and fresh alike, as in the content lane (lib/content-sync.js).
+  const sharedOutputIndexes = new Map();
+  const sharedOutputsFor = (code) => {
+    if (!sharedOutputIndexes.has(code)) {
+      sharedOutputIndexes.set(code, new SharedOutputIndex({ protectedTerms: config.protectedTerms || [] }));
     }
-    if (costEstimate.totalEstimatedCost > maxCost) {
-      return abortForMaxCost(
-        maxCost, costEstimate.totalEstimatedCost,
-        'Estimated translation cost exceeds the --max-cost cap.'
-      );
+    return sharedOutputIndexes.get(code);
+  };
+  // Per-pair tallies of what each fallback did: JSON keys, Markdown segments.
+  const keyFallbackTallies = new Map();
+  const contentFallbackTallies = new Map();
+  // A page some of whose text the fallback produced (its answer or its
+  // cache): named in the [FALLBACK] line.
+  const notePage = (pairKey, page) => {
+    const tally = contentFallbackTallies.get(pairKey);
+    if (tally && !tally.produced.includes(page)) tally.produced.push(page);
+  };
+  const tallyContent = (pairKey, report, page) => {
+    if (!contentFallbackTallies.has(pairKey)) return;
+    addToTally(contentFallbackTallies.get(pairKey), report);
+    if (report && (report.accepted > 0 || report.cached > 0)) notePage(pairKey, page);
+  };
+  if (!dryRun) {
+    for (const [pairKey, pc] of pairEntries) {
+      if (!pc.fallback) continue;
+      keyFallbackTallies.set(pairKey, newFallbackReport(pc.fallback));
+      contentFallbackTallies.set(pairKey, newFallbackReport(pc.fallback));
     }
   }
 
@@ -628,6 +817,14 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
 
   let totalJSONKeys = 0;
   let totalJSONCopied = 0;
+  let totalJSONFailed = 0;
+  // UI strings held back (refused before; not sent) and what the next sync
+  // does with each one this run could not translate (lib/locale-state.js).
+  let totalJSONHeld = 0;
+  let totalJSONWritten = 0;
+  const jsonFates = { retry: [], held: [] }; // { pair, key }
+  // Every lock key the source still has (refused records for others are dropped).
+  const liveLockKeys = new Set();
 
   for (const sourceFilePath of sourceJSONFiles) {
     const relPath = path.relative(sourceLocaleDir, sourceFilePath);
@@ -649,6 +846,7 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
     // The manifest stores namespaced keys; detectChangedKeys expects the
     // same key space as sourceFlat, so build a per-file un-namespaced view.
     const nsPrefix = `docusaurus:${relPath}:`;
+    for (const key of Object.keys(sourceFlat)) liveLockKeys.add(nsPrefix + key);
     const fileOldManifest = {};
     for (const [nsKey, storedHash] of Object.entries(lockManifest)) {
       if (nsKey.startsWith(nsPrefix)) {
@@ -664,10 +862,11 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
     const pairResults = await pMap(pairEntries, async ([pairKey, pairConfig]) => {
       const code = pairConfig.target;
       const targetFilePath = path.join(config.localesDir, code, relPath);
+      const filename = `${code}/${relPath}`;
 
       // Security: verify target path stays within i18n directory
       if (!isPathContained(targetFilePath, config.localesDir)) {
-        output.error(`${code}/${relPath} — refusing to write outside i18n directory`);
+        output.error(`${filename} — refusing to write outside i18n directory`);
         // Nothing was attempted, but nothing succeeded either: keep every
         // to-be-processed key out of the "succeeded" set so its manifest
         // hash is not advanced (an unwritable locale must re-fire).
@@ -685,11 +884,15 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
       // re-translate (they are otherwise invisible to the diff). Echo keys
       // (target === source) the TM confirms as pipeline-produced are NOT
       // requeued — see lib/diff.js isConfirmedEcho.
-      const tmKey = tmMethodKey(pairConfig);
+      // A value the pair's fallback produced is cached under the fallback.
+      const tmKeys = tmKeysForPair(pairConfig);
+      const localeState = dryRun ? lockState.peek(code) : lockState.of(code);
+      // A refused string whose source was edited since: queued (the hold lifts).
+      const localeChanged = [...new Set([...changedKeys, ...editedSinceRefused(sourceFlat, existingFlat, nsPrefix, localeState)])];
       const diff = diffLocale(
         sourceFlat, existingFlat, config.fallbackPrefix,
-        config._forceAllKeys ? Object.keys(sourceFlat) : config.forceKeys, changedKeys,
-        (key, sourceValue) => lookupTM(tm, sourceValue, code, tmKey) === sourceValue,
+        config._forceAllKeys ? Object.keys(sourceFlat) : config.forceKeys, localeChanged,
+        (key, sourceValue) => tmHoldsValue(tm, sourceValue, code, tmKeys, sourceValue),
         noTranslate.active ? noTranslate.matches : null
       );
 
@@ -697,12 +900,38 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
         return { keys: 0, failedKeys: [] };
       }
 
+      // Refused before (the lock's records): held back from the method that
+      // refused them — the key-value rule (planUIStrings).
+      const plan = planUIStrings({
+        diff, sourceFlat, targetFlat: existingFlat, nsPrefix, localeState, pairConfig, redo,
+        fallbackPrefix: config.fallbackPrefix,
+      });
+      const heldSet = new Set(plan.held);
+      const lk = (k) => nsPrefix + k;
+
       let keysProcessed = 0;
       let keysCopied = 0;
+      let keysWritten = 0; // translations written (the model, its fallback, the cache)
       const failedKeys = [];
+      const heldKeys = [];
+      const fates = { retry: [], held: [] };
 
       if (diff.toProcess.length > 0 || diff.noTranslate.length > 0) {
-        output.info(`${code}/${relPath} — ${diffLabel(diff)}`);
+        // The per-file line counts what goes to the pipeline; held keys are
+        // said on their own line below.
+        const shown = heldSet.size === 0 ? diff : Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(diff).map(([k, v]) => (
+          [k, Array.isArray(v) && k !== 'noTranslate' && k !== 'extra' ? v.filter(x => !heldSet.has(x)) : v])));
+        const label = diffLabel(shown);
+        output.info(`${filename} — ${plan.held.length > 0 ? `${label === 'fully synced' ? '' : `${label} + `}${plan.held.length} held back` : label}`);
+        if (plan.held.length > 0) {
+          output.warn(describeHeldKeys({ filename, keys: plan.held, pairConfig, command: redoCommand(plan.held, { pair: pairKey }) }));
+        }
+        if (plan.heldFromPrimary.length > 0) {
+          output.info(describeFallbackOnlyKeys({ filename, keys: plan.heldFromPrimary, pairConfig }));
+        }
+        // Named for a redo but served from the cache (the model is not asked
+        // without --fresh): said, with the command that asks the model again.
+        const namedQueued = redo.fresh ? [] : diff.toProcess.filter(k => redo.named.has(k) && typeof sourceFlat[k] === 'string');
 
         if (!dryRun) {
           // Merged output starts from what's on disk, then takes the verbatim
@@ -712,6 +941,7 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
           const mergedFlat = { ...existingFlat };
           for (const key of diff.noTranslate) {
             mergedFlat[key] = sourceFlat[key];
+            delete localeState.refused[lk(key)];
           }
           keysCopied = diff.noTranslate.length;
           const writeMerged = () => {
@@ -719,32 +949,77 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
             fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(targetFilePath), { recursive: true });
             fs.writeFileSync(targetFilePath, JSON.stringify(docuOutput, null, 2) + '\n', 'utf-8');
           };
+          // What the gate refused this run is remembered per key (held back
+          // by the next plain sync); what got no usable answer is asked again.
+          const settleUnfilled = (keys, refusedBy = {}) => {
+            for (const k of keys) {
+              recordRefusal(localeState, lk(k), sourceFlat[k], refusedBy[k]);
+              fates[(refusedBy[k] || []).length > 0 ? 'held' : 'retry'].push(k);
+            }
+          };
 
           if (keysCopied > 0) {
             const sample = diff.noTranslate.slice(0, 3)
               .map(k => `${k} (${noTranslate.reason(k, sourceFlat[k])})`)
               .join(', ');
             const more = keysCopied > 3 ? `, +${keysCopied - 3} more` : '';
-            output.info(`${code}/${relPath} — copied ${keysCopied} no-translate key(s) verbatim: ${sample}${more}`);
+            output.info(`${filename} — copied ${keysCopied} no-translate key(s) verbatim: ${sample}${more}`);
           }
 
           let translated = null;
+          let result = null;
           const stringKeys = diff.toProcess.filter(k => typeof sourceFlat[k] === 'string');
 
           if (stringKeys.length > 0) {
-            // Shared pipeline: TM partition → API call → TM store → quality gate
-            const result = await translateAndValidate(stringKeys, sourceFlat, pairConfig, pairKey, {
-              apiKey, tm, targetCode: code, descriptions,
+            // Shared pipeline: TM partition → API call → quality gate → TM
+            // store, then the pair's fallback (if any) for what that left
+            // untranslated (lib/translate-pair.js translateWithFallback).
+            // Keys held back: the cache is still read, the method not asked.
+            result = await translateWithFallback(stringKeys, sourceFlat, pairConfig, pairKey, {
+              apiKey, tm, targetCode: code, descriptions, budget: fallbackBudget, cwd,
+              // One per locale, as on the standard path: a memorized sentence
+              // repeated across UI strings is refused (validate.js).
+              sharedOutputs: sharedOutputsFor(code),
+              noSendPrimary: new Set([...plan.held, ...plan.heldFromPrimary]),
+              noSendFallback: heldSet,
             });
             translated = result.translated;
+            if (keyFallbackTallies.has(pairKey)) addToTally(keyFallbackTallies.get(pairKey), result.fallback);
+            const heldHere = new Set(result.heldKeys || []);
+            heldKeys.push(...stringKeys.filter(k => heldHere.has(k) && !(translated && k in translated)));
 
             if (translated) {
-              output.progress(result.failures.length > 0 ? ` [OK] (${result.failures.length} failed gate)\n` : ' [OK]\n');
-            } else if (result.apiReturnedNull || (result.failures.length > 0 && !translated)) {
-              output.progress(result.apiReturnedNull ? ' [ERR] translation failed\n' : ' [ERR] all failed quality gate\n');
-              output.error(`${code}/${relPath}: Translation failed. Check API key and method configuration.`);
+              const notDone = stringKeys.filter(k => !(k in translated));
+              const refusedHere = notDone.filter(k => (result.refusedBy?.[k] || []).length > 0);
+              const heldNow = notDone.filter(k => heldHere.has(k));
+              const noAnswer = notDone.length - refusedHere.length - heldNow.length;
+              output.progressDone(filename, notDone.length === 0 ? '[OK]' : `[WARN] ${notDone.length} of ${stringKeys.length} key(s) not translated (${[
+                refusedHere.length > 0 && `${refusedHere.length} refused by the quality gate`,
+                heldNow.length > 0 && `${heldNow.length} held back`,
+                noAnswer > 0 && `${noAnswer} not returned by the method`,
+              ].filter(Boolean).join(', ')})`);
+              const answered = new Set(result.answeredKeys || []);
+              const fromCache = namedQueued.filter(k => k in translated && !answered.has(k));
+              await reportNamedFromCache({
+                filename, keys: fromCache, served: translated, onDisk: existingFlat, pairConfig, cwd,
+                command: redoCommand(fromCache, { pair: pairKey, fresh: true }),
+              });
+            } else if (heldKeys.length === stringKeys.length) {
+              // Everything queued was held back: nothing was asked, nothing failed anew.
+              output.progressDone(filename, `[WARN] ${heldKeys.length} key(s) held back, not translated`);
+              for (const k of heldKeys) fates.held.push(k);
+              if (keysCopied > 0) writeMerged();
+              return { keys: 0, copied: keysCopied, failedKeys: [], heldKeys, fates };
+            } else if (result.apiReturnedNull || result.failures.length > 0) {
+              output.progressDone(filename, result.apiReturnedNull ? '[ERR] translation failed' : '[ERR] all failed quality gate');
+              output.error(result.apiReturnedNull
+                ? `${filename}: Translation failed. Check API key and method configuration.`
+                : `${filename}: all translations were rejected by the quality gate${pairConfig.fallback ? ` (and by its fallback, ${pairConfig.fallback.method})` : ''} — see the gate failures above.`);
               if (keysCopied > 0) writeMerged();
-              return { keys: 0, copied: keysCopied, failedKeys: stringKeys };
+              const failedNow = stringKeys.filter(k => !heldKeys.includes(k));
+              settleUnfilled(failedNow, result.refusedBy || {});
+              for (const k of heldKeys) fates.held.push(k);
+              return { keys: 0, copied: keysCopied, failedKeys: failedNow, heldKeys, fates };
             }
           }
 
@@ -753,6 +1028,7 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
           // for it, fallbacks first, and a value with unmappable letters
           // stays whole in the working script (warned, not failed).
           const scriptConverterKey = pairConfig.scriptResolution?.converterKey || null;
+          const heldNow = new Set(heldKeys);
           for (const key of diff.toProcess) {
             if (translated && key in translated) {
               let value = translated[key];
@@ -763,50 +1039,87 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
                   value = converted;
                 } else {
                   output.warn(
-                    `${code}/${relPath}: key "${key}" kept in working script — `
+                    `${filename}: key "${key}" kept in working script — `
                     + `unmapped letter(s): ${unmapped.join(', ')} (see "scriptFallback")`
                   );
                 }
               }
               mergedFlat[key] = value;
+              keysWritten++;
+              // Filled (by the model, its fallback or the cache): no longer refused.
+              delete localeState.refused[lk(key)];
+            } else if (heldNow.has(key)) {
+              // Held back: said above; not sent, not counted as failed.
+              fates.held.push(key);
             } else if (typeof sourceFlat[key] === 'string') {
-              output.warn(`${code}/${relPath}: key "${key}" not translated — skipping`);
+              const fate = (result?.refusedBy?.[key] || []).length > 0 ? 'held' : 'retry';
+              output.warn(`${filename}: key "${key}" ${keyFateNote(fate, pairConfig)}`);
               failedKeys.push(key);
+              settleUnfilled([key], result?.refusedBy || {});
             } else {
               mergedFlat[key] = sourceFlat[key];
             }
           }
 
-          keysProcessed = diff.toProcess.length;
+          keysProcessed = diff.toProcess.length - heldKeys.length;
 
           // Inject back into Docusaurus format and write
           writeMerged();
         } else {
-          keysProcessed = diff.toProcess.length;
+          // Held keys would not be sent: not counted.
+          keysProcessed = diff.toProcess.length - plan.held.length;
           keysCopied = diff.noTranslate.length;
+          if (namedQueued.length > 0) {
+            // What the real run would serve from the cache (the pair's entry,
+            // then its fallback's — the same partition the estimate makes).
+            const served = {};
+            for (const k of namedQueued.filter(x => !heldSet.has(x))) {
+              for (const mk of tmKeys) {
+                const v = peekTM(tm, sourceFlat[k], code, mk);
+                if (v !== null) { served[k] = v; break; }
+              }
+            }
+            const fromCache = Object.keys(served);
+            await reportNamedFromCache({
+              filename, keys: fromCache, served, onDisk: existingFlat, pairConfig, cwd, dryRun: true,
+              command: redoCommand(fromCache, { pair: pairKey, fresh: true }),
+            });
+          }
+          heldKeys.push(...plan.held);
         }
       }
 
       if (diff.extra.length > 0) {
-        output.warn(`${code}/${relPath} — ${diff.extra.length} extra key(s)`);
+        output.warn(`${filename} — ${diff.extra.length} extra key(s)`);
       }
 
-      return { keys: keysProcessed, copied: keysCopied, failedKeys };
+      return { keys: keysProcessed, written: keysWritten, copied: keysCopied, failedKeys, heldKeys, fates };
     }, { concurrency: jsonConcurrency });
 
     // Aggregate results for this JSON file
     const fileFailedKeys = new Set();
-    for (const r of pairResults) {
+    // Held keys keep their manifest hash too (an edited source must still
+    // re-fire), but they are not failures.
+    const fileUnfilledKeys = new Set();
+    pairResults.forEach((r, i) => {
       totalJSONKeys += r.keys;
+      totalJSONWritten += r.written || 0;
       totalJSONCopied += r.copied || 0;
-      for (const k of r.failedKeys || []) fileFailedKeys.add(k);
-    }
+      totalJSONHeld += (r.heldKeys || []).length;
+      for (const k of r.failedKeys || []) { fileFailedKeys.add(k); fileUnfilledKeys.add(k); }
+      for (const k of r.heldKeys || []) fileUnfilledKeys.add(k);
+      const pair = pairEntries[i][0];
+      for (const fate of ['retry', 'held']) {
+        for (const key of r.fates?.[fate] || []) jsonFates[fate].push({ pair, key });
+      }
+    });
+    totalJSONFailed += fileFailedKeys.size;
 
     // Update the manifest for this file: record the current hash ONLY for
     // keys that succeeded in every locale that attempted them. A failed
-    // key keeps its OLD hash (or none) so it is detected as changed and
-    // RE-FIRES on the next sync — advancing the hash for a failed key
-    // would silently mark the stale translation as current forever.
+    // (or held) key keeps its OLD hash (or none) so it is detected as
+    // changed and RE-FIRES on the next sync — advancing the hash for a failed
+    // key would silently mark the stale translation as current forever.
     if (!dryRun) {
       for (const nsKey of Object.keys(updatedLockManifest)) {
         // Own-property check: `in` walks the prototype chain, so a source
@@ -818,7 +1131,7 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
       }
       for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(sourceFlat)) {
         const nsKey = nsPrefix + key;
-        if (fileFailedKeys.has(key)) {
+        if (fileUnfilledKeys.has(key)) {
           // Restore/keep the pre-sync state for failed keys.
           if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(lockManifest, nsKey)) {
             updatedLockManifest[nsKey] = lockManifest[nsKey];
@@ -832,25 +1145,68 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
     }
   }
 
-  // Persist the Phase 1 source-hash manifest (skip in dry-run — a preview
-  // must not mark changed keys as resolved).
+  // Persist the Phase 1 source-hash manifest and the refusal records (skip
+  // in dry-run — a preview must not mark changed keys as resolved). Records
+  // of UI strings the source no longer has are dropped for the locales this
+  // run processed.
   if (!dryRun && sourceJSONFiles.length > 0) {
-    writeManifest(cwd, updatedLockManifest);
+    for (const [, pc] of pairEntries) {
+      const refused = lockState.of(pc.target).refused;
+      for (const k of Object.keys(refused)) {
+        if (k.startsWith('docusaurus:') && !liveLockKeys.has(k)) delete refused[k];
+      }
+    }
+    writeManifest(cwd, updatedLockManifest, lockState.toJSON());
+  }
+  for (const [pairKey, tally] of keyFallbackTallies) {
+    printFallbackReport(pairKey, pairEntries.find(([k]) => k === pairKey)[1].method, tally);
+    warnFallbackMajority(pairKey, pairEntries.find(([k]) => k === pairKey)[1].method, tally);
   }
 
   const copiedNote = totalJSONCopied > 0
     ? ` (+${totalJSONCopied} copied verbatim, no-translate)`
     : '';
-  if (totalJSONKeys > 0) {
+  const heldNote = totalJSONHeld > 0
+    ? `; ${totalJSONHeld} held back (refused before; not sent, not billed)`
+    : '';
+  const failedNote = totalJSONFailed > 0 ? `; ${totalJSONFailed} failed (listed above)` : '';
+  // A real run counts what it wrote; a dry run what it would send.
+  const shownKeys = dryRun ? totalJSONKeys : totalJSONWritten;
+  if (shownKeys > 0) {
     const action = dryRun ? 'Would process' : 'Synced';
-    output.ok(`${action} ${totalJSONKeys} JSON key(s)${copiedNote}`);
+    output.ok(`${action} ${shownKeys} JSON key(s)${copiedNote}${failedNote}${heldNote}`);
+  } else if (totalJSONHeld > 0 || totalJSONFailed > 0) {
+    output.warn(`No JSON key ${dryRun ? 'would be' : 'was'} translated${copiedNote}${failedNote}${heldNote}`);
   } else if (totalJSONCopied > 0) {
     output.ok(`All JSON files fully synced${copiedNote}`);
   } else {
     output.ok('All JSON files fully synced');
   }
+  // What the next sync does with the UI strings this run could not translate
+  // — said per outcome, in the key-value lane's words.
+  if (!dryRun && (jsonFates.retry.length > 0 || jsonFates.held.length > 0)) {
+    if (jsonFates.retry.length > 0) {
+      output.warn(`  ${jsonFates.retry.length} UI string(s) got no usable answer (missing from the response, or the method failed) — the next sync asks for them again.`);
+    }
+    // Ids are named bare (a name re-queues that id in every JSON file that has it).
+    const heldNext = [];
+    const seen = new Set();
+    for (const { pair, key } of jsonFates.held) {
+      if (seen.has(`${pair}\u0000${key}`)) continue;
+      seen.add(`${pair}\u0000${key}`);
+      heldNext.push({ pair, key });
+    }
+    for (const line of describeHeldNext(heldNext, (keys, pair) => redoCommand(keys, { pair }))) output.warn(line);
+  }
 
   // ── Phase 2: Markdown content (docs + blog) ───────────────────
+  let contentFailures = 0; // read after the TM save, outside the content block
+  let contentTranslated = 0;
+  let contentFailedItems = [];
+  // Blocks/fields refused before and held back this run, and refused this run.
+  let contentHeldBack = 0;
+  const contentHeldBackItems = [];
+  let contentRefused = 0;
 
   if (contentSources.length === 0) {
     output.info('No docs/ or blog/ directories found — skipping content sync.');
@@ -872,7 +1228,14 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
     const concurrency = config.contentConcurrency || 48;
 
     const totalWork = workItems.length;
-    let contentFailures = 0;
+    // Refusals per translation (lib/content-refusals.js), applied to the lock
+    // with each item's outcome.
+    const refusalStates = new Map();
+    // Every failed (file × locale), with what it was left as on disk — the
+    // end-of-run list an operator needs to tell "failed, previous
+    // translation kept" from "failed, will retry" (dogfood 2026-08-28,
+    // finding 5).
+    const failedItems = [];
     // Warn at most once per source file about front matter fields we can't
     // translate (arrays / nested blocks like `related:`). The check + add are
     // synchronous (no await between), so this is race-free under pMap.
@@ -905,23 +1268,67 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
       await pMap(workItems, async (item) => {
         const {
           parsed, fieldsToTranslate, pageTitle, sourceHash,
-          relPath, dirName, pairConfig, code,
+          relPath, dirName, pairKey, pairConfig, code,
           targetPath, manifestKey, action,
         } = item;
 
+        let itemFailed = false;
+        // This translation's refusals, recorded with its outcome (held,
+        // failed or written) — in the incremental lock writes too.
+        const settleRefusals = () => {
+          const st = refusalStates.get(manifestKey);
+          if (!st || dryRun) return;
+          storeRefusals(updatedDocuManifest, manifestKey, nextRefusals(st.prior, st));
+          manifestDirty = true;
+        };
         try {
           if (action === 'changed') {
             totalContentRetranslated++;
           }
 
           if (dryRun) {
-            const targetRel = path.relative(config.localesDir, targetPath);
-            output.raw(`    [DRY] ${dirName}/${relPath} → ${code}`);
-            totalContent++;
+            // What the quality gate refused before is held back by the real
+            // run (lib/content-refusals.js) — said here.
+            const preview = previewHeld({
+              tm, code, pairConfig, fields: parsed.hasFrontMatter ? fieldsToTranslate : {}, body: parsed.body,
+              segMode: pairConfig.contentSegmentation || config.contentSegmentation || 'block', holds: item.holds,
+            });
+            const held = preview.names.length > 0
+              ? ` — ${preview.pageHeld ? 'would hold the page back:' : 'would hold back'} ${preview.names.join(', ')} (refused before; not sent)`
+              : '';
+            output.raw(`    [DRY] ${dirName}/${relPath} → ${code}${held}`);
+            output.event('file', {
+              lane: 'docusaurus', file: `${dirName}/${relPath}`, locale: code, status: preview.pageHeld ? 'would-hold' : 'would-translate', action,
+              ...(preview.names.length > 0 && { held: preview.names.length }),
+            });
+            if (!preview.pageHeld) totalContent++;
             return;
           }
 
           const { rawFrontMatter, body, hasFrontMatter, frontMatterFormat } = parsed;
+          const segModeHere = pairConfig.contentSegmentation || config.contentSegmentation || 'block';
+          const label = `${dirName}/${relPath}`;
+          const refusal = {
+            file: label, locale: code, pageHeld: false,
+            prior: item.refusalsBefore || {},
+            refused: [], filled: new Set(), held: [],
+            fields: hasFrontMatter ? fieldsToTranslate : {},
+            blockSources: segModeHere === 'block' && body.trim() ? translatableBlockSources(body) : [],
+            pageSource: segModeHere === 'page' && body.trim() ? body : null,
+          };
+          refusalStates.set(manifestKey, refusal);
+          const { holds } = item;
+          // A page translated whole that the gate refused before (and that
+          // the cache does not hold): held before anything of it is sent —
+          // its front matter included (a pure look; the body read below is
+          // the one that serves).
+          if (refusal.pageSource && holds.page(body) === 'held'
+              && ![tmMethodKey(pairConfig), ...(pairConfig.fallback ? [tmMethodKey(pairConfig.fallback)] : [])]
+                .some(k => peekTM(tm, body, code, k) !== null)) {
+            const err = new Error('held');
+            err.heldNames = [PAGE_NAME];
+            throw err;
+          }
 
           // Never silently drop translatable-looking nested/array front matter
           // (e.g. `related:` lists). The flat parser can't reach them — surface
@@ -942,6 +1349,25 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
           // not re-serve. Mirrors content-sync.js.
           const tmKey = tmMethodKey(pairConfig);
 
+          // This page's cached content through the repeat check, in one batch
+          // and before any of it is served (lib/fallback.js): a text cached
+          // for several different source strings is evicted, so the lookups
+          // below miss it and it is translated again, checked the same way.
+          const docLabel = `content:${dirName}/${relPath}`;
+          const repeated = refuseRepeatedCachedPage({
+            label: docLabel,
+            fields: hasFrontMatter ? fieldsToTranslate : {},
+            body,
+            tm, code, pairConfig,
+            sharedOutputs: sharedOutputsFor(code),
+          });
+          if (repeated.length > 0) {
+            output.warn(
+              `${dirName}/${relPath} → ${code}: cached ${repeated.join(', ')} held the same text as other, different source strings ` +
+              '(a memorized sentence, not a translation) — removed from the cache and translated again.'
+            );
+          }
+
           // Translate front matter fields — TM first, API only for misses.
           // Each field is cached on its own source text (exactly like a
           // key-value sync key): a title edit re-pays only the title.
@@ -954,61 +1380,93 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
             // gateless pipeline (hollowed titles were cached here) must not
             // outlive the gate. Failing hits are evicted and re-billed.
             for (const [field, cachedValue] of Object.entries(fmHits)) {
-              if (checkContentPreservation(fieldsToTranslate[field], cachedValue)) {
+              if (contentGateFault(fieldsToTranslate[field], cachedValue, pairConfig)) {
                 evictTM(tm, fieldsToTranslate[field], code, tmKey);
                 delete fmHits[field];
                 fmMisses.push(field);
               }
             }
             Object.assign(translatedFields, fmHits);
+            // Then the fallback's cache (lib/fallback.js ladder).
+            const fbCache = serveFieldsFromFallbackCache(tm, fieldsToTranslate, fmMisses, code, pairConfig);
+            Object.assign(translatedFields, fbCache.hits);
+            if (Object.keys(fbCache.hits).length > 0) notePage(pairKey, label);
+            const fieldsToSend = fbCache.misses;
+            for (const f of Object.keys(translatedFields)) refusal.filled.add(fieldUnit(f));
+            // Refused before: a held field fails its page as a refused one
+            // does — nothing of it is sent, nothing written, lock not advanced.
+            const heldFields = fieldsToSend.filter(f => holds.field(f, fieldsToTranslate[f]) === 'held');
+            const fallbackOnlyFields = new Set(fieldsToSend.filter(f => holds.field(f, fieldsToTranslate[f]) === 'fallback-only'));
+            if (heldFields.length > 0) {
+              const err = new Error('held');
+              err.heldNames = heldFields.map(f => `front matter "${f}"`);
+              throw err;
+            }
 
-            if (fmMisses.length > 0) {
-              if (!apiKey) {
-                // No API key — fail loud
-                throw new Error(
-                  `Docusaurus content sync for ${code}: no API key available.\n` +
-                  '  Set OPENROUTER_API_KEY in .env.local to translate content.'
+            if (fieldsToSend.length > 0) {
+              await requirePairReady(pairKey, pairConfig, code, 'content sync');
+              // The pair's method, then its fallback (if any) for every field
+              // it returned nothing for or hollowed. Content-preservation
+              // gate on every value — Phase 2 front matter once reached disk
+              // AND the TM with no validation at all, so a hollowed page
+              // title was written silently and then cached forever. Nothing
+              // is cached until no field is left failing; a failing field
+              // skips the file and leaves its lock entry alone, so the next
+              // sync retries it.
+              const fm = await translateFieldsWithFallback({
+                fields: fieldsToTranslate,
+                misses: fieldsToSend,
+                pairConfig,
+                budget: fallbackBudget,
+                sharedOutputs: sharedOutputsFor(code),
+                label: `${docLabel} front matter`,
+                translate: (keys, cfg) => translateBatch(
+                  keys, fieldsToTranslate, cfg,
+                  { apiKey, model: cfg.model, batchSize: cfg.batchSize || 30 },
+                ),
+                fallbackOnly: fallbackOnlyFields,
+              });
+              tallyContent(pairKey, fm.report, label);
+              // Refused fields are remembered, whatever happens to the page.
+              for (const [field, methods] of Object.entries(fm.refusedBy || {})) {
+                refusal.refused.push({ unit: fieldUnit(field), source: fieldsToTranslate[field], methods });
+              }
+              if (fm.hollowed.length > 0) {
+                const h = fm.hollowed[0];
+                const err = new Error(
+                  `Docusaurus content sync for ${code}: front matter "${h.field}" — ${h.reason}.\n` +
+                  `  source: ${JSON.stringify(fieldsToTranslate[h.field])}\n` +
+                  `  got:    ${JSON.stringify(h.value)}\n` +
+                  (h.fallbackReason ? `  the fallback (${pairConfig.fallback.method}) failed it too: ${h.fallbackReason}\n` : '') +
+                  '  Nothing was written or cached. If this is a low-coverage target\n' +
+                  '  language, the model has no vocabulary for this string.\n' +
+                  `  ${describeNewHold({ file: label, pairKey, pairConfig, count: fm.hollowed.length })}`
                 );
+                err.heldNext = true;
+                throw err;
               }
-              const fmResult = await translateBatch(
-                fmMisses, fieldsToTranslate, pairConfig,
-                { apiKey, model: pairConfig.model, batchSize: pairConfig.batchSize || 30 },
-              );
-              if (fmResult) {
-                // Content-preservation gate — Phase 2 front matter reached
-                // disk AND the TM with no validation at all, so a hollowed
-                // page title was written silently and then cached forever.
-                // Throwing skips the file and leaves its lock entry alone,
-                // so the next sync retries it.
-                for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(fmResult)) {
-                  const sourceValue = fieldsToTranslate[field];
-                  if (typeof value !== 'string' || typeof sourceValue !== 'string') continue;
-                  const hollowed = checkContentPreservation(sourceValue, value);
-                  if (hollowed) {
-                    throw new Error(
-                      `Docusaurus content sync for ${code}: front matter "${field}" — ${hollowed.reason}.\n` +
-                      `  source: ${JSON.stringify(sourceValue)}\n` +
-                      `  got:    ${JSON.stringify(value)}\n` +
-                      '  Nothing was written or cached. If this is a low-coverage target\n' +
-                      '  language, the model has no vocabulary for this string.'
-                    );
-                  }
-                }
-                Object.assign(translatedFields, fmResult);
-                // Cache only what the API actually returned (the same
-                // non-null check that gates writing it to the target file).
-                for (const [field, value] of Object.entries(fmResult)) {
-                  if (typeof value === 'string' && typeof fieldsToTranslate[field] === 'string') {
-                    storeTM(tm, fieldsToTranslate[field], code, tmKey, value);
-                  }
-                }
-              } else {
+              if (fm.noResults) {
                 // Front matter translation failed — loud error
                 throw new Error(
-                  `Docusaurus content sync for ${code}: front matter translation returned no results.\n` +
+                  `Docusaurus content sync for ${code}: front matter translation returned no results`
+                  + `${pairConfig.fallback ? ` (from the primary, ${pairConfig.method}, or its fallback, ${pairConfig.fallback.method})` : ''}.\n` +
                   '  Check your API key and method configuration.'
                 );
               }
+              // Cache only gate-passing values, each under the TM key of the
+              // method that produced it.
+              for (const st of fm.stores) storeTM(tm, st.text, code, st.tmKey, st.value);
+              // A field only the fallback may be asked for that it did not
+              // translate (skipped by --max-cost, or no answer): still refused
+              // by the pair's method — the page is held, as with no fallback.
+              const unfilled = [...fallbackOnlyFields].filter(f => !(f in fm.translated));
+              if (unfilled.length > 0) {
+                const err = new Error('held');
+                err.heldNames = unfilled.map(f => `front matter "${f}"`);
+                throw err;
+              }
+              Object.assign(translatedFields, fm.translated);
+              for (const f of Object.keys(fm.translated)) refusal.filled.add(fieldUnit(f));
             }
           }
 
@@ -1020,40 +1478,92 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
           let translatedBody = body;
           let bodyUsedFallback = false;
           if (body.trim()) {
-            const wholeBodyCached = lookupTMValidated(tm, body, code, tmKey,
-              (src, cached) => !checkContentPreservation(src, cached));
+            // The pair's cache, then its fallback's (lib/fallback.js ladder).
+            const wholeBodyCached = lookupContentTM(tm, body, code, pairConfig);
             if (wholeBodyCached !== null) {
-              translatedBody = wholeBodyCached;
+              translatedBody = wholeBodyCached.text;
+              for (const src of refusal.blockSources) refusal.filled.add(blockUnit(src));
+              if (refusal.pageSource) refusal.filled.add(PAGE_UNIT);
             } else {
               const segMode = pairConfig.contentSegmentation || config.contentSegmentation || 'block';
               const { protectedBody, blocks } = protectBlocks(body);
               const promptOptions = {
                 sourceLanguageName: DEFAULT_REGISTERS[inputLocale]?.name || inputLocale,
                 promptContext: pairConfig.promptContext || null,
+                protectedTerms: pairConfig.protectedTerms || [],
               };
 
               // Block stores are deferred until the reassembled body passes
               // the orphaned-placeholder check — the TM must never hold a
-              // value that would fail the gate on re-serve.
+              // value that would fail the gate on re-serve. Each carries the
+              // TM key of the method that produced it.
               const pendingBlockStores = [];
+              // The whole body is cached under one method's key — only when
+              // one method produced all of it.
+              let wholeBodyKey = tmKey;
+              let mixedProducers = false;
+              // Page mode: whose whole page the checks below refuse (the
+              // lane remembers it — lib/content-refusals.js "page").
+              let pageRefusedBy = null;
 
               if (segMode === 'page') {
-                // Whole-page prompt — today's single-call behavior.
-                if (!apiKey) {
-                  throw new Error(
-                    `Docusaurus body translation for ${code}: no API key available.\n` +
-                    '  Set OPENROUTER_API_KEY in .env.local to translate content.'
-                  );
+                // Whole-page prompt — today's single-call behavior. Refused
+                // before by this method (and the cache does not hold it): not
+                // sent again (lib/content-refusals.js).
+                const pageHold = holds.page(body);
+                if (pageHold === 'held') {
+                  const err = new Error('held');
+                  err.heldNames = [PAGE_NAME];
+                  throw err;
+                }
+                await requirePairReady(pairKey, pairConfig, code, 'body translation');
+                const runPage = (cfg) => translateRawContent(
+                  buildContentPrompt(protectedBody, cfg, promptOptions), { apiKey, pairConfig: cfg });
+                let bodyResult;
+                if (pairConfig.fallback) {
+                  // When both fail, the primary's page goes to the checks
+                  // below, which fail the file exactly as without a fallback.
+                  // Refused before by the pair's method: only the fallback is asked.
+                  const page = await translatePageWithFallback({
+                    body, blocks, pairConfig, runPage, budget: fallbackBudget, fallbackOnly: pageHold === 'fallback-only',
+                  });
+                  tallyContent(pairKey, page.report, label);
+                  if (page.refusedBy.length > 0) {
+                    refusal.refused.push({ unit: PAGE_UNIT, source: body, methods: page.refusedBy });
+                  }
+                  if (pageHold === 'fallback-only' && page.body === null) {
+                    // The fallback did not translate it: the pair's method
+                    // refused it before, so it is not asked — refused now
+                    // by the fallback too, or held (no answer, or skipped
+                    // by --max-cost).
+                    if (page.refusedBy.length > 0) {
+                      const err = new Error(
+                        `Docusaurus body for ${code}: the fallback (${pairConfig.fallback.method}) failed the whole-page checks too.\n` +
+                        `  Nothing was written or cached. ${describeNewHold({ file: label, pairKey, pairConfig, count: 1 })}`
+                      );
+                      err.heldNext = true;
+                      throw err;
+                    }
+                    const err = new Error('held');
+                    err.heldNames = [PAGE_NAME];
+                    throw err;
+                  }
+                  bodyResult = page.body ?? page.primaryBody;
+                  if (page.body !== null) wholeBodyKey = page.tmKey;
+                  else if (page.refusedBy.length > 0) pageRefusedBy = page.refusedBy;
+                } else {
+                  const raw = await runPage(pairConfig);
+                  bodyResult = raw ? restoreBlocks(raw, blocks) : null;
+                  if (bodyResult) pageRefusedBy = [tmKey];
                 }
-                const prompt = buildContentPrompt(protectedBody, pairConfig, promptOptions);
-                const bodyResult = await translateRawContent(prompt, { apiKey, pairConfig });
                 if (!bodyResult) {
                   throw new Error(
-                    `Docusaurus body for ${code}: translation returned no results.\n` +
+                    `Docusaurus body for ${code}: translation returned no results`
+                    + `${pairConfig.fallback ? ` (from the primary, ${pairConfig.method}, or its fallback, ${pairConfig.fallback.method})` : ''}.\n` +
                     '  Check your API key and method configuration.'
                   );
                 }
-                translatedBody = restoreBlocks(bodyResult, blocks);
+                translatedBody = bodyResult;
               } else {
                 // Block mode: segment the PROTECTED body (placeholders are
                 // single tokens, so they can never be split), serve blocks
@@ -1073,72 +1583,140 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
                 }));
 
                 const missed = [];
+                const heldBlocks = []; // refused before: not sent, '[EN] ' kept
+                let position = 0; // place among the translatable blocks
                 for (const r of rendered) {
                   if (r.seg.type !== 'translatable') {
                     // Separators + passthrough blocks: copied verbatim, never billed.
                     r.out = r.source;
                     continue;
                   }
-                  const cached = lookupTMValidated(tm, r.source, code, tmKey,
-                    (src, c) => !checkContentPreservation(src, c));
+                  // Its name in the repeat check (content:<file>#<n>).
+                  r.pos = position++;
+                  const cached = lookupContentTM(tm, r.source, code, pairConfig);
                   if (cached !== null) {
-                    r.out = cached;
-                  } else {
-                    missed.push(r);
+                    r.out = cached.text;
+                    if (cached.fromFallback) { mixedProducers = true; notePage(pairKey, label); }
+                    refusal.filled.add(blockUnit(r.source));
+                    continue;
+                  }
+                  const hold = holds.block(r.source);
+                  if (hold === 'held') {
+                    // Refused before by this method (and its fallback): the
+                    // honest last resort stays, nothing is sent or billed.
+                    r.out = restoreBlocks(config.fallbackPrefix + r.seg.text, blocks);
+                    heldBlocks.push(r);
+                    continue;
                   }
+                  r.fallbackOnly = hold === 'fallback-only';
+                  missed.push(r);
+                }
+                if (heldBlocks.length > 0) {
+                  bodyUsedFallback = true;
+                  const names = heldBlocks.map(r => `paragraph ${r.pos + 1}`);
+                  refusal.held.push(...names);
+                  output.warn(describeHeld({ file: label, code, pairKey, pairConfig, names, fallbackPrefix: config.fallbackPrefix }));
                 }
 
                 if (missed.length > 0) {
-                  if (!apiKey) {
-                    throw new Error(
-                      `Docusaurus body translation for ${code}: no API key available.\n` +
-                      '  Set OPENROUTER_API_KEY in .env.local to translate content.'
-                    );
-                  }
+                  await requirePairReady(pairKey, pairConfig, code, 'body translation');
                   // Self-repair ladder (translateBlockBatchResilient): full
-                  // batch → one missing-segments-only retry → honest
+                  // batch → one missing-segments-only retry → (with a
+                  // fallback method: one batch through it for every block the
+                  // primary dropped or damaged — lib/fallback.js) → honest
                   // '[EN] '-prefixed source for anything still missing. A
                   // duplicate/unknown marker or an empty first response
-                  // still fails the file whole.
-                  const { blocks: translatedBlocks, fellBack } =
-                    await translateBlockBatchResilient({
-                      texts: missed.map(r => r.seg.text),
-                      buildPrompt: (texts) => buildBlockBatchPrompt(
-                        texts, pairConfig, { ...promptOptions, pageTitle }),
-                      callModel: (prompt) => translateRawContent(prompt, { apiKey, pairConfig }),
+                  // still fails the file whole when no fallback rescues it.
+                  const outcome = await translateBlocksWithFallback({
+                    missed,
+                    blocks,
+                    pairConfig,
+                    fallbackPrefix: config.fallbackPrefix,
+                    budget: fallbackBudget,
+                    sharedOutputs: sharedOutputsFor(code),
+                    label: docLabel,
+                    runBatch: (texts, cfg) => translateBlockBatchResilient({
+                      texts,
+                      buildPrompt: (t) => buildBlockBatchPrompt(t, cfg, { ...promptOptions, pageTitle }),
+                      callModel: (prompt) => translateRawContent(prompt, { apiKey, pairConfig: cfg }),
                       fallbackPrefix: config.fallbackPrefix,
-                    });
-                  const fellBackSet = new Set(fellBack);
+                    }),
+                    fallbackOnly: new Set(missed.flatMap((r, i) => (r.fallbackOnly ? [i] : []))),
+                  });
+                  tallyContent(pairKey, outcome.report, label);
+                  // Refused blocks are remembered; translated ones drop a record.
+                  const fellSet = new Set(outcome.fellBack);
+                  const newlyHeld = [];
+                  missed.forEach((r, i) => {
+                    if (!fellSet.has(i)) { refusal.filled.add(blockUnit(r.source)); return; }
+                    const methods = outcome.refusedBy?.[i] || [];
+                    if (methods.length > 0) {
+                      refusal.refused.push({ unit: blockUnit(r.source), source: r.source, methods });
+                      newlyHeld.push(i);
+                    }
+                  });
+                  if (outcome.fromFallback > 0) mixedProducers = true;
+                  if ((outcome.sharedOutput || []).length > 0) {
+                    output.warn(
+                      `Docusaurus body for ${code}: ${outcome.sharedOutput.length} block(s) of ${dirName}/${relPath} came back as the same text ` +
+                      'the model gave for other, different source strings (a memorized sentence, not a translation) — refused.'
+                    );
+                  }
+                  if ((outcome.refused || []).length > 0) {
+                    output.warn(
+                      `Docusaurus body for ${code}: ${outcome.refused.length} block(s) of ${dirName}/${relPath} refused by the quality gate — `
+                      + outcome.refused.slice(0, 3).map(r => `paragraph ${r.block}: ${r.reason}`).join('; ')
+                      + `${outcome.refused.length > 3 ? '; …' : ''}.`
+                    );
+                  }
+                  const { fellBack } = outcome;
                   if (fellBack.length > 0) {
                     bodyUsedFallback = true;
+                    const refusedHere = (outcome.sharedOutput || []).length + (outcome.refused || []).length;
+                    const why = outcome.report?.attempted > 0
+                      ? `neither the primary (${pairConfig.method}) nor its fallback (${pairConfig.fallback.method}) translated safely`
+                      : refusedHere >= fellBack.length ? 'refused (above)'
+                        : refusedHere > 0 ? `refused (${refusedHere}, above) or missing from the model response after a retry`
+                          : 'missing from the model response after a retry';
                     output.warn(
                       `Docusaurus body for ${code}: ${fellBack.length} of ${missed.length} ` +
-                      `block(s) missing from the model response after a retry — written as ` +
-                      `'${config.fallbackPrefix}'-prefixed source. Not cached, lock not ` +
-                      `advanced: the next sync retries just those block(s).`
+                      `block(s) ${why} — written as ` +
+                      `'${config.fallbackPrefix}'-prefixed source. ` +
+                      describeFallenBack({
+                        file: label, pairKey, pairConfig, fellBack: fellBack.length, newlyHeld, refusedBy: outcome.refusedBy,
+                      })
                     );
                   }
-                  missed.forEach((r, i) => {
-                    r.out = restoreBlocks(translatedBlocks[i], blocks);
-                    // Fallen-back segments are never TM-cached — an error
-                    // cached is an error forever (they re-bill next sync).
-                    if (!fellBackSet.has(i)) {
-                      pendingBlockStores.push({ source: r.source, translation: r.out });
-                    }
-                  });
+                  // Fallen-back segments are never TM-cached — an error
+                  // cached is an error forever (they re-bill next sync).
+                  missed.forEach((r, i) => { r.out = outcome.outs[i]; });
+                  pendingBlockStores.push(...outcome.stores);
                 }
 
                 // Reassemble in order with the source's exact separators.
                 translatedBody = rendered.map(r => r.out).join('');
               }
 
+              // A page translated whole that fails the checks below is
+              // remembered as refused: the next plain sync does not send it
+              // to the same method again (lib/content-refusals.js "page").
+              const refusePage = (err) => {
+                if (!pageRefusedBy) return err;
+                if (!refusal.refused.some(r => r.unit === PAGE_UNIT)) {
+                  refusal.refused.push({ unit: PAGE_UNIT, source: body, methods: pageRefusedBy });
+                }
+                err.message += `\n  ${describeNewHold({ file: label, pairKey, pairConfig, count: 1 })}`;
+                err.heldNext = true;
+                return err;
+              };
+
               // Orphaned-placeholder check on the REASSEMBLED body — the
               // same gate for both modes.
               if (hasOrphanedPlaceholders(translatedBody)) {
-                throw new Error(
+                throw refusePage(new Error(
                   `Docusaurus body for ${code}: placeholder corruption detected.\n` +
                   '  Code blocks were corrupted during translation.'
-                );
+                ));
               }
 
               // Content-preservation check on the REASSEMBLED body — same
@@ -1147,22 +1725,23 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
               // source text and is neither cached nor lock-advanced already.
               const bodyHollowed = !bodyUsedFallback && checkContentPreservation(body, translatedBody);
               if (bodyHollowed) {
-                throw new Error(
+                throw refusePage(new Error(
                   `Docusaurus body for ${code}: ${bodyHollowed.reason}.\n` +
                   '  Nothing was written or cached. If this is a low-coverage target\n' +
                   '  language, the model has no vocabulary for this text.'
-                );
+                ));
               }
+              if (refusal.pageSource) refusal.filled.add(PAGE_UNIT);
 
               // Store per-block AND whole-body entries only after the check
               // passes (whole-body makes reverts/lock-loss re-runs free). A
               // fallback body is NEVER stored whole — it contains
               // untranslated '[EN] ' text.
               for (const s of pendingBlockStores) {
-                storeTM(tm, s.source, code, tmKey, s.translation);
+                storeTM(tm, s.source, code, s.tmKey, s.translation);
               }
-              if (!bodyUsedFallback) {
-                storeTM(tm, body, code, tmKey, translatedBody);
+              if (!bodyUsedFallback && !mixedProducers) {
+                storeTM(tm, body, code, wholeBodyKey, translatedBody);
               }
             }
           }
@@ -1186,10 +1765,44 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
           }
 
         } catch (contentErr) {
+          if (contentErr.heldNames) {
+            // A front-matter field refused before: held back, not failed —
+            // nothing was sent, nothing written, the lock not advanced.
+            const refusal = refusalStates.get(manifestKey);
+            refusal.held.push(...contentErr.heldNames);
+            refusal.pageHeld = true;
+            settleRefusals();
+            output.warn(describeHeld({
+              file: `${dirName}/${relPath}`, code, pairKey, pairConfig, names: contentErr.heldNames, pageHeld: true,
+              fallbackPrefix: config.fallbackPrefix,
+            }));
+            completed++;
+            output.raw(`    [${completed}/${totalWork}] ${dirName}/${relPath} → ${code} [HELD]`);
+            output.event('file', { lane: 'docusaurus', file: `${dirName}/${relPath}`, locale: code, status: 'held-refused', held: contentErr.heldNames.length, action });
+            if (completed % MANIFEST_WRITE_INTERVAL === 0) writeManifestIfDirty();
+            return;
+          }
+          itemFailed = true;
           contentFailures++;
           output.error(`${dirName}/${relPath} → ${code} — ${contentErr.message}`);
+          // Nothing was written for this item, and its lock entry was not
+          // advanced. If the lock already matches this source, the file on
+          // disk is the PREVIOUS translation of the same text (a forced
+          // re-translate that failed): it stays, and a plain sync will not
+          // redo it. Otherwise the next sync retries it.
+          const keptPrevious = updatedDocuManifest[manifestKey] === sourceHash && fs.existsSync(targetPath);
+          failedItems.push({
+            file: `${dirName}/${relPath}`,
+            locale: code,
+            error: contentErr.message,
+            // held-back: refused by the quality gate — the next plain sync
+            // does not send it again (lib/content-refusals.js).
+            state: keptPrevious ? 'previous-translation-kept' : contentErr.heldNext ? 'held-back' : 'will-retry',
+          });
         }
 
+        settleRefusals();
+
         // Progress reporting
         completed++;
         const pct = Math.round(100 * completed / totalWork);
@@ -1198,13 +1811,16 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
         const remainingMs = msPerItem * (totalWork - completed);
         const remainingSec = Math.ceil(remainingMs / 1000);
         const etaStr = remainingSec > 5 ? ` (~${remainingSec}s left)` : '';
-        const tag = contentFailures > 0 && completed === totalWork
+        // The tag describes THIS item. (It used to read the run-wide failure
+        // count, so whichever item finished last was tagged FAIL.)
+        const displayTag = itemFailed
           ? 'FAIL'
           : action === 're-translate' ? 'RE-TRANSLATE' : action === 'changed' ? 'CHANGED' : 'OK';
-        // Show [FAIL] for items that just errored (contentErr was caught above)
-        const itemFailed = updatedDocuManifest[manifestKey] !== sourceHash;
-        const displayTag = itemFailed && !dryRun ? 'FAIL' : tag;
         output.raw(`    [${completed}/${totalWork}] (${pct}%) ${dirName}/${relPath} → ${code} [${displayTag}]${etaStr}`);
+        output.event('file', {
+          lane: 'docusaurus', file: `${dirName}/${relPath}`, locale: code,
+          status: itemFailed ? 'failed' : dryRun ? 'would-translate' : 'translated', action,
+        });
 
         // Incremental manifest write
         if (completed % MANIFEST_WRITE_INTERVAL === 0) {
@@ -1231,26 +1847,122 @@ async function runDocusaurusSync(options, config, cwd, resolveRuntime) {
       output.ok(`${action} ${totalContent} content file(s)${retranslateNote}, ${totalContentSkipped} unchanged`);
     }
 
-    // Fail loud if any content translations failed — do NOT exit 0
-    if (contentFailures > 0) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `${contentFailures} content translation(s) failed. ` +
-        `Re-run sync to retry failed files (completed files are cached).`
+    contentTranslated = totalContent;
+    contentFailedItems = failedItems;
+    for (const st of refusalStates.values()) {
+      if (st.held.length > 0) {
+        contentHeldBack += st.held.length;
+        contentHeldBackItems.push({ file: st.file, locale: st.locale, units: st.held, ...(st.pageHeld && { pageNotWritten: true }) });
+      }
+      contentRefused += new Set(st.refused.map(r => r.unit)).size;
+    }
+    if (contentHeldBack > 0) {
+      output.warn(
+        `${contentHeldBack} content block(s)/field(s) held back in ${contentHeldBackItems.length} translation(s) — the quality gate refused `
+        + 'the method\'s translation of their current text before; not sent, not billed (listed above). Ask again for all of them: '
+        + '`champollion sync --redo content`; for one page: `champollion sync --redo files:<page>`.'
       );
     }
+    for (const [pairKey, tally] of contentFallbackTallies) {
+      printFallbackReport(pairKey, pairEntries.find(([k]) => k === pairKey)[1].method, tally, { unit: 'content segment(s)', producedLabel: 'pages' });
+      warnFallbackMajority(pairKey, pairEntries.find(([k]) => k === pairKey)[1].method, tally, { unit: 'content segment(s)' });
+    }
+    if (failedItems.length > 0) {
+      output.raw('');
+      output.raw(`  Failed content translations (${failedItems.length}):`);
+      for (const f of failedItems.sort((a, b) => (a.file + a.locale).localeCompare(b.file + b.locale))) {
+        const state = f.state === 'previous-translation-kept'
+          ? 'previous translation kept (it matches the current source); re-run with --force-content to try again'
+          : f.state === 'held-back'
+            ? `refused by the quality gate — held back: the next sync does not send it again (\`--redo files:${f.file}\` asks again)`
+            : 'not recorded as done — the next sync retries it';
+        output.raw(`    ${f.file} → ${f.locale}: ${state}`);
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   // Save TM if it was mutated during this Docusaurus sync (stores OR
   // evictions — a size check would miss eviction-only runs and same-key
-  // replacements). Skip when --no-tm is active.
+  // replacements). Skip when --no-tm is active. Saved BEFORE any failure is
+  // raised: the files that succeeded paid for their translations, and
+  // throwing first discarded every one of them from the cache.
   if (!dryRun && !noTM && isTMDirty(tm)) {
-    const tmFinalSize = tmSize(tm);
-    const delta = tmFinalSize - tmInitialSize;
     saveTM(cwd, tm);
-    output.info(`[TM] Saved ${tmFinalSize} entries (${delta >= 0 ? '+' + delta : delta} this sync)`);
+    output.info(`[TM] Saved ${describeTMChanges(tm)} this sync`);
+  }
+
+  // Failures are reported, not thrown: a partly failed run still did real
+  // work, and the exit code says so (2 = partial, 1 = nothing succeeded).
+  if (contentFailures > 0) {
+    output.error(
+      `${contentFailures} content translation(s) failed (listed above). ` +
+      'Completed files and their translations are saved; re-run sync to retry.'
+    );
   }
 
+  // The --max-cost verdict, said once — at the end, before the summary
+  // (lib/cost-report.js reportDryRunMaxCost).
+  if (dryMaxCost) output[dryMaxCost.level](dryMaxCost.message);
+
+  // One machine-readable record of the run — the Docusaurus path never had
+  // one, so --json consumers saw nothing to tell success from failure.
+  output.summary({
+    command: 'sync',
+    format: 'docusaurus',
+    dryRun,
+    totalProcessed: totalJSONKeys,
+    totalFailed: totalJSONFailed,
+    totalCopied: totalJSONCopied,
+    // UI strings held back: the gate refused this method's translation of
+    // their current text before — not sent, not billed (lib/locale-state.js).
+    // A dry run sends nothing either way: said above, not counted (as on
+    // the key-value path).
+    totalHeld: dryRun ? 0 : totalJSONHeld,
+    // What each pair's fallback method did for JSON keys (pairs with a
+    // fallback, real runs); Markdown segments are under content.fallback.
+    ...(keyFallbackTallies.size > 0 && {
+      fallback: [...keyFallbackTallies].map(([pair, tally]) => ({ pair, ...fallbackSummary(tally) })),
+    }),
+    content: {
+      translated: contentTranslated,
+      skipped: contentScan.totalContentSkipped,
+      failed: contentFailedItems.length,
+      failedItems: contentFailedItems,
+      // Refused before by the method, not sent this run (lib/content-refusals.js),
+      // and refused this run (held back from the next).
+      heldBack: contentHeldBack,
+      heldBackItems: contentHeldBackItems,
+      refused: contentRefused,
+      ...(contentFallbackTallies.size > 0 && {
+        fallback: [...contentFallbackTallies].map(([pair, tally]) => ({ pair, ...fallbackSummary(tally) })),
+      }),
+    },
+    costEstimate,
+    // Dry runs with --max-cost: whether the real run would stop at the cap.
+    ...(dryMaxCost && { maxCost: {
+      cap: dryMaxCost.cap, estimatedCost: dryMaxCost.estimatedCost, wouldStop: dryMaxCost.wouldStop,
+      ...(dryMaxCost.wouldStop && { exitCode: 2, reason: dryMaxCost.reason }),
+      ...(dryMaxCost.stopsEarlier && { exitCode: 1, stopsEarlier: dryMaxCost.stopsEarlier }),
+    } }),
+    // Keys named for a redo that match no UI string (the run exits 1), each
+    // with the closest ids that exist.
+    ...(unmatchedNamed.length > 0 && { unmatchedKeys: unmatchedKeysSummary(unmatchedNamed) }),
+  });
   output.raw('');
+  // Named keys that matched nothing: said again last, where a reader (or CI)
+  // looks for the verdict — and the run fails (lib/commands/sync.js).
+  reportUnmatchedKeys(unmatchedNamed, cliArgs);
+  return {
+    totalProcessed: totalJSONKeys,
+    totalFailed: totalJSONFailed,
+    totalCopied: totalJSONCopied,
+    totalHeld: dryRun ? 0 : totalJSONHeld,
+    contentTranslated,
+    contentFailed: contentFailedItems.length,
+    contentHeldBack,
+    contentRefused,
+    unmatchedKeys: unmatchedNamed.map(m => m.name),
+  };
 }
 
 export { runDocusaurusSync, discoverDocusaurusJSONFiles };