ccxt 4.2.11 → 4.2.13

package/dist/cjs/js/src/static_dependencies/noble-curves/abstract/hash-to-curve.js

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+'use strict';
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
+
+var modular = require('./modular.js');
+var utils = require('./utils.js');
+
+function validateDST(dst) {
+    if (dst instanceof Uint8Array)
+        return dst;
+    if (typeof dst === 'string')
+        return utils.utf8ToBytes(dst);
+    throw new Error('DST must be Uint8Array or string');
+}
+// Octet Stream to Integer. "spec" implementation of os2ip is 2.5x slower vs bytesToNumberBE.
+const os2ip = utils.bytesToNumberBE;
+// Integer to Octet Stream (numberToBytesBE)
+function i2osp(value, length) {
+    if (value < 0 || value >= 1 << (8 * length)) {
+        throw new Error(`bad I2OSP call: value=${value} length=${length}`);
+    }
+    const res = Array.from({ length }).fill(0);
+    for (let i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        res[i] = value & 0xff;
+        value >>>= 8;
+    }
+    return new Uint8Array(res);
+}
+function strxor(a, b) {
+    const arr = new Uint8Array(a.length);
+    for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
+        arr[i] = a[i] ^ b[i];
+    }
+    return arr;
+}
+function isBytes(item) {
+    if (!(item instanceof Uint8Array))
+        throw new Error('Uint8Array expected');
+}
+function isNum(item) {
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(item))
+        throw new Error('number expected');
+}
+// Produces a uniformly random byte string using a cryptographic hash function H that outputs b bits
+// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#section-5.4.1
+function expand_message_xmd(msg, DST, lenInBytes, H) {
+    isBytes(msg);
+    isBytes(DST);
+    isNum(lenInBytes);
+    // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-5.3.3
+    if (DST.length > 255)
+        DST = H(utils.concatBytes(utils.utf8ToBytes('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-'), DST));
+    const { outputLen: b_in_bytes, blockLen: r_in_bytes } = H;
+    const ell = Math.ceil(lenInBytes / b_in_bytes);
+    if (ell > 255)
+        throw new Error('Invalid xmd length');
+    const DST_prime = utils.concatBytes(DST, i2osp(DST.length, 1));
+    const Z_pad = i2osp(0, r_in_bytes);
+    const l_i_b_str = i2osp(lenInBytes, 2); // len_in_bytes_str
+    const b = new Array(ell);
+    const b_0 = H(utils.concatBytes(Z_pad, msg, l_i_b_str, i2osp(0, 1), DST_prime));
+    b[0] = H(utils.concatBytes(b_0, i2osp(1, 1), DST_prime));
+    for (let i = 1; i <= ell; i++) {
+        const args = [strxor(b_0, b[i - 1]), i2osp(i + 1, 1), DST_prime];
+        b[i] = H(utils.concatBytes(...args));
+    }
+    const pseudo_random_bytes = utils.concatBytes(...b);
+    return pseudo_random_bytes.slice(0, lenInBytes);
+}
+function expand_message_xof(msg, DST, lenInBytes, k, H) {
+    isBytes(msg);
+    isBytes(DST);
+    isNum(lenInBytes);
+    // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-5.3.3
+    // DST = H('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-' || a_very_long_DST, Math.ceil((lenInBytes * k) / 8));
+    if (DST.length > 255) {
+        const dkLen = Math.ceil((2 * k) / 8);
+        DST = H.create({ dkLen }).update(utils.utf8ToBytes('H2C-OVERSIZE-DST-')).update(DST).digest();
+    }
+    if (lenInBytes > 65535 || DST.length > 255)
+        throw new Error('expand_message_xof: invalid lenInBytes');
+    return (H.create({ dkLen: lenInBytes })
+        .update(msg)
+        .update(i2osp(lenInBytes, 2))
+        // 2. DST_prime = DST || I2OSP(len(DST), 1)
+        .update(DST)
+        .update(i2osp(DST.length, 1))
+        .digest());
+}
+/**
+ * Hashes arbitrary-length byte strings to a list of one or more elements of a finite field F
+ * https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-11#section-5.3
+ * @param msg a byte string containing the message to hash
+ * @param count the number of elements of F to output
+ * @param options `{DST: string, p: bigint, m: number, k: number, expand: 'xmd' | 'xof', hash: H}`, see above
+ * @returns [u_0, ..., u_(count - 1)], a list of field elements.
+ */
+function hash_to_field(msg, count, options) {
+    utils.validateObject(options, {
+        DST: 'string',
+        p: 'bigint',
+        m: 'isSafeInteger',
+        k: 'isSafeInteger',
+        hash: 'hash',
+    });
+    const { p, k, m, hash, expand, DST: _DST } = options;
+    isBytes(msg);
+    isNum(count);
+    const DST = validateDST(_DST);
+    const log2p = p.toString(2).length;
+    const L = Math.ceil((log2p + k) / 8); // section 5.1 of ietf draft link above
+    const len_in_bytes = count * m * L;
+    let prb; // pseudo_random_bytes
+    if (expand === 'xmd') {
+        prb = expand_message_xmd(msg, DST, len_in_bytes, hash);
+    }
+    else if (expand === 'xof') {
+        prb = expand_message_xof(msg, DST, len_in_bytes, k, hash);
+    }
+    else if (expand === undefined) {
+        prb = msg;
+    }
+    else {
+        throw new Error('expand must be "xmd", "xof" or undefined');
+    }
+    const u = new Array(count);
+    for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        const e = new Array(m);
+        for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {
+            const elm_offset = L * (j + i * m);
+            const tv = prb.subarray(elm_offset, elm_offset + L);
+            e[j] = modular.mod(os2ip(tv), p);
+        }
+        u[i] = e;
+    }
+    return u;
+}
+function isogenyMap(field, map) {
+    // Make same order as in spec
+    const COEFF = map.map((i) => Array.from(i).reverse());
+    return (x, y) => {
+        const [xNum, xDen, yNum, yDen] = COEFF.map((val) => val.reduce((acc, i) => field.add(field.mul(acc, x), i)));
+        x = field.div(xNum, xDen); // xNum / xDen
+        y = field.mul(y, field.div(yNum, yDen)); // y * (yNum / yDev)
+        return { x, y };
+    };
+}
+function createHasher(Point, mapToCurve, def) {
+    if (typeof mapToCurve !== 'function')
+        throw new Error('mapToCurve() must be defined');
+    return {
+        // Encodes byte string to elliptic curve
+        // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-3
+        hashToCurve(msg, options) {
+            const u = hash_to_field(msg, 2, { ...def, DST: def.DST, ...options });
+            const u0 = Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[0]));
+            const u1 = Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[1]));
+            const P = u0.add(u1).clearCofactor();
+            P.assertValidity();
+            return P;
+        },
+        // https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-cfrg-hash-to-curve-16#section-3
+        encodeToCurve(msg, options) {
+            const u = hash_to_field(msg, 1, { ...def, DST: def.encodeDST, ...options });
+            const P = Point.fromAffine(mapToCurve(u[0])).clearCofactor();
+            P.assertValidity();
+            return P;
+        },
+    };
+}
+
+exports.createHasher = createHasher;
+exports.expand_message_xmd = expand_message_xmd;
+exports.expand_message_xof = expand_message_xof;
+exports.hash_to_field = hash_to_field;
+exports.isogenyMap = isogenyMap;

package/dist/cjs/js/src/static_dependencies/noble-curves/abstract/modular.js

@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+'use strict';
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
+
+var utils = require('./utils.js');
+
+/*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
+// prettier-ignore
+const _0n = BigInt(0), _1n = BigInt(1), _2n = BigInt(2), _3n = BigInt(3);
+// prettier-ignore
+const _4n = BigInt(4), _5n = BigInt(5), _8n = BigInt(8);
+// prettier-ignore
+BigInt(9); BigInt(16);
+// Calculates a modulo b
+function mod(a, b) {
+    const result = a % b;
+    return result >= _0n ? result : b + result;
+}
+/**
+ * Efficiently exponentiate num to power and do modular division.
+ * Unsafe in some contexts: uses ladder, so can expose bigint bits.
+ * @example
+ * powMod(2n, 6n, 11n) // 64n % 11n == 9n
+ */
+// TODO: use field version && remove
+function pow(num, power, modulo) {
+    if (modulo <= _0n || power < _0n)
+        throw new Error('Expected power/modulo > 0');
+    if (modulo === _1n)
+        return _0n;
+    let res = _1n;
+    while (power > _0n) {
+        if (power & _1n)
+            res = (res * num) % modulo;
+        num = (num * num) % modulo;
+        power >>= _1n;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+// Does x ^ (2 ^ power) mod p. pow2(30, 4) == 30 ^ (2 ^ 4)
+function pow2(x, power, modulo) {
+    let res = x;
+    while (power-- > _0n) {
+        res *= res;
+        res %= modulo;
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+// Inverses number over modulo
+function invert(number, modulo) {
+    if (number === _0n || modulo <= _0n) {
+        throw new Error(`invert: expected positive integers, got n=${number} mod=${modulo}`);
+    }
+    // Eucledian GCD https://brilliant.org/wiki/extended-euclidean-algorithm/
+    // Fermat's little theorem "CT-like" version inv(n) = n^(m-2) mod m is 30x slower.
+    let a = mod(number, modulo);
+    let b = modulo;
+    // prettier-ignore
+    let x = _0n, u = _1n;
+    while (a !== _0n) {
+        // JIT applies optimization if those two lines follow each other
+        const q = b / a;
+        const r = b % a;
+        const m = x - u * q;
+        // prettier-ignore
+        b = a, a = r, x = u, u = m;
+    }
+    const gcd = b;
+    if (gcd !== _1n)
+        throw new Error('invert: does not exist');
+    return mod(x, modulo);
+}
+// Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
+// Paper 1: https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/685.pdf (page 12)
+// Paper 2: Square Roots from 1; 24, 51, 10 to Dan Shanks
+function tonelliShanks(P) {
+    // Legendre constant: used to calculate Legendre symbol (a | p),
+    // which denotes the value of a^((p-1)/2) (mod p).
+    // (a | p) ≡ 1    if a is a square (mod p)
+    // (a | p) ≡ -1   if a is not a square (mod p)
+    // (a | p) ≡ 0    if a ≡ 0 (mod p)
+    const legendreC = (P - _1n) / _2n;
+    let Q, S, Z;
+    // Step 1: By factoring out powers of 2 from p - 1,
+    // find q and s such that p - 1 = q*(2^s) with q odd
+    for (Q = P - _1n, S = 0; Q % _2n === _0n; Q /= _2n, S++)
+        ;
+    // Step 2: Select a non-square z such that (z | p) ≡ -1 and set c ≡ zq
+    for (Z = _2n; Z < P && pow(Z, legendreC, P) !== P - _1n; Z++)
+        ;
+    // Fast-path
+    if (S === 1) {
+        const p1div4 = (P + _1n) / _4n;
+        return function tonelliFast(Fp, n) {
+            const root = Fp.pow(n, p1div4);
+            if (!Fp.eql(Fp.sqr(root), n))
+                throw new Error('Cannot find square root');
+            return root;
+        };
+    }
+    // Slow-path
+    const Q1div2 = (Q + _1n) / _2n;
+    return function tonelliSlow(Fp, n) {
+        // Step 0: Check that n is indeed a square: (n | p) should not be ≡ -1
+        if (Fp.pow(n, legendreC) === Fp.neg(Fp.ONE))
+            throw new Error('Cannot find square root');
+        let r = S;
+        // TODO: will fail at Fp2/etc
+        let g = Fp.pow(Fp.mul(Fp.ONE, Z), Q); // will update both x and b
+        let x = Fp.pow(n, Q1div2); // first guess at the square root
+        let b = Fp.pow(n, Q); // first guess at the fudge factor
+        while (!Fp.eql(b, Fp.ONE)) {
+            if (Fp.eql(b, Fp.ZERO))
+                return Fp.ZERO; // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonelli%E2%80%93Shanks_algorithm (4. If t = 0, return r = 0)
+            // Find m such b^(2^m)==1
+            let m = 1;
+            for (let t2 = Fp.sqr(b); m < r; m++) {
+                if (Fp.eql(t2, Fp.ONE))
+                    break;
+                t2 = Fp.sqr(t2); // t2 *= t2
+            }
+            // NOTE: r-m-1 can be bigger than 32, need to convert to bigint before shift, otherwise there will be overflow
+            const ge = Fp.pow(g, _1n << BigInt(r - m - 1)); // ge = 2^(r-m-1)
+            g = Fp.sqr(ge); // g = ge * ge
+            x = Fp.mul(x, ge); // x *= ge
+            b = Fp.mul(b, g); // b *= g
+            r = m;
+        }
+        return x;
+    };
+}
+function FpSqrt(P) {
+    // NOTE: different algorithms can give different roots, it is up to user to decide which one they want.
+    // For example there is FpSqrtOdd/FpSqrtEven to choice root based on oddness (used for hash-to-curve).
+    // P ≡ 3 (mod 4)
+    // √n = n^((P+1)/4)
+    if (P % _4n === _3n) {
+        // Not all roots possible!
+        // const ORDER =
+        //   0x1a0111ea397fe69a4b1ba7b6434bacd764774b84f38512bf6730d2a0f6b0f6241eabfffeb153ffffb9feffffffffaaabn;
+        // const NUM = 72057594037927816n;
+        const p1div4 = (P + _1n) / _4n;
+        return function sqrt3mod4(Fp, n) {
+            const root = Fp.pow(n, p1div4);
+            // Throw if root**2 != n
+            if (!Fp.eql(Fp.sqr(root), n))
+                throw new Error('Cannot find square root');
+            return root;
+        };
+    }
+    // Atkin algorithm for q ≡ 5 (mod 8), https://eprint.iacr.org/2012/685.pdf (page 10)
+    if (P % _8n === _5n) {
+        const c1 = (P - _5n) / _8n;
+        return function sqrt5mod8(Fp, n) {
+            const n2 = Fp.mul(n, _2n);
+            const v = Fp.pow(n2, c1);
+            const nv = Fp.mul(n, v);
+            const i = Fp.mul(Fp.mul(nv, _2n), v);
+            const root = Fp.mul(nv, Fp.sub(i, Fp.ONE));
+            if (!Fp.eql(Fp.sqr(root), n))
+                throw new Error('Cannot find square root');
+            return root;
+        };
+    }
+    // Other cases: Tonelli-Shanks algorithm
+    return tonelliShanks(P);
+}
+// Little-endian check for first LE bit (last BE bit);
+const isNegativeLE = (num, modulo) => (mod(num, modulo) & _1n) === _1n;
+// prettier-ignore
+const FIELD_FIELDS = [
+    'create', 'isValid', 'is0', 'neg', 'inv', 'sqrt', 'sqr',
+    'eql', 'add', 'sub', 'mul', 'pow', 'div',
+    'addN', 'subN', 'mulN', 'sqrN'
+];
+function validateField(field) {
+    const initial = {
+        ORDER: 'bigint',
+        MASK: 'bigint',
+        BYTES: 'isSafeInteger',
+        BITS: 'isSafeInteger',
+    };
+    const opts = FIELD_FIELDS.reduce((map, val) => {
+        map[val] = 'function';
+        return map;
+    }, initial);
+    return utils.validateObject(field, opts);
+}
+// Generic field functions
+function FpPow(f, num, power) {
+    // Should have same speed as pow for bigints
+    // TODO: benchmark!
+    if (power < _0n)
+        throw new Error('Expected power > 0');
+    if (power === _0n)
+        return f.ONE;
+    if (power === _1n)
+        return num;
+    let p = f.ONE;
+    let d = num;
+    while (power > _0n) {
+        if (power & _1n)
+            p = f.mul(p, d);
+        d = f.sqr(d);
+        power >>= 1n;
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+function FpInvertBatch(f, nums) {
+    const tmp = new Array(nums.length);
+    // Walk from first to last, multiply them by each other MOD p
+    const lastMultiplied = nums.reduce((acc, num, i) => {
+        if (f.is0(num))
+            return acc;
+        tmp[i] = acc;
+        return f.mul(acc, num);
+    }, f.ONE);
+    // Invert last element
+    const inverted = f.inv(lastMultiplied);
+    // Walk from last to first, multiply them by inverted each other MOD p
+    nums.reduceRight((acc, num, i) => {
+        if (f.is0(num))
+            return acc;
+        tmp[i] = f.mul(acc, tmp[i]);
+        return f.mul(acc, num);
+    }, inverted);
+    return tmp;
+}
+// CURVE.n lengths
+function nLength(n, nBitLength) {
+    // Bit size, byte size of CURVE.n
+    const _nBitLength = nBitLength !== undefined ? nBitLength : n.toString(2).length;
+    const nByteLength = Math.ceil(_nBitLength / 8);
+    return { nBitLength: _nBitLength, nByteLength };
+}
+function Fp(ORDER, bitLen, isLE = false, redef = {}) {
+    if (ORDER <= _0n)
+        throw new Error(`Expected Fp ORDER > 0, got ${ORDER}`);
+    const { nBitLength: BITS, nByteLength: BYTES } = nLength(ORDER, bitLen);
+    if (BYTES > 2048)
+        throw new Error('Field lengths over 2048 bytes are not supported');
+    const sqrtP = FpSqrt(ORDER);
+    const f = Object.freeze({
+        ORDER,
+        BITS,
+        BYTES,
+        MASK: utils.bitMask(BITS),
+        ZERO: _0n,
+        ONE: _1n,
+        create: (num) => mod(num, ORDER),
+        isValid: (num) => {
+            if (typeof num !== 'bigint')
+                throw new Error(`Invalid field element: expected bigint, got ${typeof num}`);
+            return _0n <= num && num < ORDER; // 0 is valid element, but it's not invertible
+        },
+        is0: (num) => num === _0n,
+        isOdd: (num) => (num & _1n) === _1n,
+        neg: (num) => mod(-num, ORDER),
+        eql: (lhs, rhs) => lhs === rhs,
+        sqr: (num) => mod(num * num, ORDER),
+        add: (lhs, rhs) => mod(lhs + rhs, ORDER),
+        sub: (lhs, rhs) => mod(lhs - rhs, ORDER),
+        mul: (lhs, rhs) => mod(lhs * rhs, ORDER),
+        pow: (num, power) => FpPow(f, num, power),
+        div: (lhs, rhs) => mod(lhs * invert(rhs, ORDER), ORDER),
+        // Same as above, but doesn't normalize
+        sqrN: (num) => num * num,
+        addN: (lhs, rhs) => lhs + rhs,
+        subN: (lhs, rhs) => lhs - rhs,
+        mulN: (lhs, rhs) => lhs * rhs,
+        inv: (num) => invert(num, ORDER),
+        sqrt: redef.sqrt || ((n) => sqrtP(f, n)),
+        invertBatch: (lst) => FpInvertBatch(f, lst),
+        // TODO: do we really need constant cmov?
+        // We don't have const-time bigints anyway, so probably will be not very useful
+        cmov: (a, b, c) => (c ? b : a),
+        toBytes: (num) => (isLE ? utils.numberToBytesLE(num, BYTES) : utils.numberToBytesBE(num, BYTES)),
+        fromBytes: (bytes) => {
+            if (bytes.length !== BYTES)
+                throw new Error(`Fp.fromBytes: expected ${BYTES}, got ${bytes.length}`);
+            return isLE ? utils.bytesToNumberLE(bytes) : utils.bytesToNumberBE(bytes);
+        },
+    });
+    return Object.freeze(f);
+}
+function FpSqrtEven(Fp, elm) {
+    if (!Fp.isOdd)
+        throw new Error(`Field doesn't have isOdd`);
+    const root = Fp.sqrt(elm);
+    return Fp.isOdd(root) ? Fp.neg(root) : root;
+}
+/**
+ * FIPS 186 B.4.1-compliant "constant-time" private key generation utility.
+ * Can take (n+8) or more bytes of uniform input e.g. from CSPRNG or KDF
+ * and convert them into private scalar, with the modulo bias being neglible.
+ * Needs at least 40 bytes of input for 32-byte private key.
+ * https://research.kudelskisecurity.com/2020/07/28/the-definitive-guide-to-modulo-bias-and-how-to-avoid-it/
+ * @param hash hash output from SHA3 or a similar function
+ * @returns valid private scalar
+ */
+function hashToPrivateScalar(hash, groupOrder, isLE = false) {
+    hash = utils.ensureBytes('privateHash', hash);
+    const hashLen = hash.length;
+    const minLen = nLength(groupOrder).nByteLength + 8;
+    if (minLen < 24 || hashLen < minLen || hashLen > 1024)
+        throw new Error(`hashToPrivateScalar: expected ${minLen}-1024 bytes of input, got ${hashLen}`);
+    const num = isLE ? utils.bytesToNumberLE(hash) : utils.bytesToNumberBE(hash);
+    return mod(num, groupOrder - _1n) + _1n;
+}
+
+exports.Fp = Fp;
+exports.FpInvertBatch = FpInvertBatch;
+exports.FpPow = FpPow;
+exports.FpSqrt = FpSqrt;
+exports.FpSqrtEven = FpSqrtEven;
+exports.hashToPrivateScalar = hashToPrivateScalar;
+exports.invert = invert;
+exports.isNegativeLE = isNegativeLE;
+exports.mod = mod;
+exports.nLength = nLength;
+exports.pow = pow;
+exports.pow2 = pow2;
+exports.tonelliShanks = tonelliShanks;
+exports.validateField = validateField;

package/dist/cjs/js/src/static_dependencies/noble-curves/abstract/montgomery.js

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'use strict';
+
+Object.defineProperty(exports, '__esModule', { value: true });
+
+var modular = require('./modular.js');
+var utils = require('./utils.js');
+
+/*! noble-curves - MIT License (c) 2022 Paul Miller (paulmillr.com) */
+const _0n = BigInt(0);
+const _1n = BigInt(1);
+function validateOpts(curve) {
+    utils.validateObject(curve, {
+        a: 'bigint',
+    }, {
+        montgomeryBits: 'isSafeInteger',
+        nByteLength: 'isSafeInteger',
+        adjustScalarBytes: 'function',
+        domain: 'function',
+        powPminus2: 'function',
+        Gu: 'bigint',
+    });
+    // Set defaults
+    return Object.freeze({ ...curve });
+}
+// NOTE: not really montgomery curve, just bunch of very specific methods for X25519/X448 (RFC 7748, https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7748)
+// Uses only one coordinate instead of two
+function montgomery(curveDef) {
+    const CURVE = validateOpts(curveDef);
+    const { P } = CURVE;
+    const modP = (n) => modular.mod(n, P);
+    const montgomeryBits = CURVE.montgomeryBits;
+    const montgomeryBytes = Math.ceil(montgomeryBits / 8);
+    const fieldLen = CURVE.nByteLength;
+    const adjustScalarBytes = CURVE.adjustScalarBytes || ((bytes) => bytes);
+    const powPminus2 = CURVE.powPminus2 || ((x) => modular.pow(x, P - BigInt(2), P));
+    // cswap from RFC7748. But it is not from RFC7748!
+    /*
+      cswap(swap, x_2, x_3):
+           dummy = mask(swap) AND (x_2 XOR x_3)
+           x_2 = x_2 XOR dummy
+           x_3 = x_3 XOR dummy
+           Return (x_2, x_3)
+    Where mask(swap) is the all-1 or all-0 word of the same length as x_2
+     and x_3, computed, e.g., as mask(swap) = 0 - swap.
+    */
+    function cswap(swap, x_2, x_3) {
+        const dummy = modP(swap * (x_2 - x_3));
+        x_2 = modP(x_2 - dummy);
+        x_3 = modP(x_3 + dummy);
+        return [x_2, x_3];
+    }
+    // Accepts 0 as well
+    function assertFieldElement(n) {
+        if (typeof n === 'bigint' && _0n <= n && n < P)
+            return n;
+        throw new Error('Expected valid scalar 0 < scalar < CURVE.P');
+    }
+    // x25519 from 4
+    // The constant a24 is (486662 - 2) / 4 = 121665 for curve25519/X25519
+    const a24 = (CURVE.a - BigInt(2)) / BigInt(4);
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param pointU u coordinate (x) on Montgomery Curve 25519
+     * @param scalar by which the point would be multiplied
+     * @returns new Point on Montgomery curve
+     */
+    function montgomeryLadder(pointU, scalar) {
+        const u = assertFieldElement(pointU);
+        // Section 5: Implementations MUST accept non-canonical values and process them as
+        // if they had been reduced modulo the field prime.
+        const k = assertFieldElement(scalar);
+        const x_1 = u;
+        let x_2 = _1n;
+        let z_2 = _0n;
+        let x_3 = u;
+        let z_3 = _1n;
+        let swap = _0n;
+        let sw;
+        for (let t = BigInt(montgomeryBits - 1); t >= _0n; t--) {
+            const k_t = (k >> t) & _1n;
+            swap ^= k_t;
+            sw = cswap(swap, x_2, x_3);
+            x_2 = sw[0];
+            x_3 = sw[1];
+            sw = cswap(swap, z_2, z_3);
+            z_2 = sw[0];
+            z_3 = sw[1];
+            swap = k_t;
+            const A = x_2 + z_2;
+            const AA = modP(A * A);
+            const B = x_2 - z_2;
+            const BB = modP(B * B);
+            const E = AA - BB;
+            const C = x_3 + z_3;
+            const D = x_3 - z_3;
+            const DA = modP(D * A);
+            const CB = modP(C * B);
+            const dacb = DA + CB;
+            const da_cb = DA - CB;
+            x_3 = modP(dacb * dacb);
+            z_3 = modP(x_1 * modP(da_cb * da_cb));
+            x_2 = modP(AA * BB);
+            z_2 = modP(E * (AA + modP(a24 * E)));
+        }
+        // (x_2, x_3) = cswap(swap, x_2, x_3)
+        sw = cswap(swap, x_2, x_3);
+        x_2 = sw[0];
+        x_3 = sw[1];
+        // (z_2, z_3) = cswap(swap, z_2, z_3)
+        sw = cswap(swap, z_2, z_3);
+        z_2 = sw[0];
+        z_3 = sw[1];
+        // z_2^(p - 2)
+        const z2 = powPminus2(z_2);
+        // Return x_2 * (z_2^(p - 2))
+        return modP(x_2 * z2);
+    }
+    function encodeUCoordinate(u) {
+        return utils.numberToBytesLE(modP(u), montgomeryBytes);
+    }
+    function decodeUCoordinate(uEnc) {
+        // Section 5: When receiving such an array, implementations of X25519
+        // MUST mask the most significant bit in the final byte.
+        // This is very ugly way, but it works because fieldLen-1 is outside of bounds for X448, so this becomes NOOP
+        // fieldLen - scalaryBytes = 1 for X448 and = 0 for X25519
+        const u = utils.ensureBytes('u coordinate', uEnc, montgomeryBytes);
+        // u[fieldLen-1] crashes QuickJS (TypeError: out-of-bound numeric index)
+        if (fieldLen === montgomeryBytes)
+            u[fieldLen - 1] &= 127; // 0b0111_1111
+        return utils.bytesToNumberLE(u);
+    }
+    function decodeScalar(n) {
+        const bytes = utils.ensureBytes('scalar', n);
+        if (bytes.length !== montgomeryBytes && bytes.length !== fieldLen)
+            throw new Error(`Expected ${montgomeryBytes} or ${fieldLen} bytes, got ${bytes.length}`);
+        return utils.bytesToNumberLE(adjustScalarBytes(bytes));
+    }
+    function scalarMult(scalar, u) {
+        const pointU = decodeUCoordinate(u);
+        const _scalar = decodeScalar(scalar);
+        const pu = montgomeryLadder(pointU, _scalar);
+        // The result was not contributory
+        // https://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html#validate
+        if (pu === _0n)
+            throw new Error('Invalid private or public key received');
+        return encodeUCoordinate(pu);
+    }
+    // Computes public key from private. By doing scalar multiplication of base point.
+    const GuBytes = encodeUCoordinate(CURVE.Gu);
+    function scalarMultBase(scalar) {
+        return scalarMult(scalar, GuBytes);
+    }
+    return {
+        scalarMult,
+        scalarMultBase,
+        getSharedSecret: (privateKey, publicKey) => scalarMult(privateKey, publicKey),
+        getPublicKey: (privateKey) => scalarMultBase(privateKey),
+        utils: { randomPrivateKey: () => CURVE.randomBytes(CURVE.nByteLength) },
+        GuBytes: GuBytes,
+    };
+}
+
+exports.montgomery = montgomery;