ccgx-workflow 1.0.0 → 1.0.2

package/templates/skills/domains/devops/database.md

@@ -1,217 +1,217 @@
----
-name: database
-description: 数据库设计与优化。SQL、NoSQL、索引、查询优化。当用户提到数据库、SQL、PostgreSQL、MySQL、MongoDB、Redis时使用。
----
-
-# 🔧 炼器秘典 · 数据库
-
-
-## SQL 基础
-
-### 查询
-```sql
--- 基础查询
-SELECT id, name, email
-FROM users
-WHERE status = 'active'
-ORDER BY created_at DESC
-LIMIT 10 OFFSET 0;
-
--- 聚合
-SELECT department, COUNT(*) as count, AVG(salary) as avg_salary
-FROM employees
-GROUP BY department
-HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;
-
--- 连接
-SELECT u.name, o.total
-FROM users u
-INNER JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.user_id
-WHERE o.created_at > '2024-01-01';
-
--- 子查询
-SELECT * FROM users
-WHERE id IN (
-    SELECT user_id FROM orders
-    WHERE total > 1000
-);
-
--- CTE
-WITH active_users AS (
-    SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = 'active'
-)
-SELECT * FROM active_users WHERE created_at > '2024-01-01';
-
--- 窗口函数
-SELECT name, salary,
-    RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary DESC) as rank
-FROM employees;
-```
-
-### 索引
-```sql
--- 创建索引
-CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users(email);
-CREATE INDEX idx_orders_user_date ON orders(user_id, created_at);
-CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_users_email_unique ON users(email);
-
--- 部分索引
-CREATE INDEX idx_active_users ON users(email) WHERE status = 'active';
-
--- 查看执行计划
-EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'test@example.com';
-```
-
-### 索引策略
-```yaml
-适合索引:
-  - WHERE 条件列
-  - JOIN 关联列
-  - ORDER BY 排序列
-  - 高选择性列
-
-不适合索引:
-  - 频繁更新的列
-  - 低选择性列 (如性别)
-  - 小表
-
-复合索引:
-  - 最左前缀原则
-  - 选择性高的列在前
-```
-
-## PostgreSQL
-
-### 特性
-```sql
--- JSON 支持
-SELECT data->>'name' as name
-FROM users
-WHERE data @> '{"status": "active"}';
-
--- 数组
-SELECT * FROM posts
-WHERE tags @> ARRAY['python', 'web'];
-
--- 全文搜索
-SELECT * FROM articles
-WHERE to_tsvector('english', content) @@ to_tsquery('python & web');
-
--- UPSERT
-INSERT INTO users (email, name)
-VALUES ('test@example.com', 'Test')
-ON CONFLICT (email)
-DO UPDATE SET name = EXCLUDED.name;
-```
-
-## MySQL
-
-### 特性
-```sql
--- 全文搜索
-SELECT * FROM articles
-WHERE MATCH(title, content) AGAINST('python web' IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE);
-
--- JSON
-SELECT JSON_EXTRACT(data, '$.name') as name
-FROM users
-WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(data, '$.status') = 'active';
-
--- 分区表
-CREATE TABLE orders (
-    id INT,
-    created_at DATE
-) PARTITION BY RANGE (YEAR(created_at)) (
-    PARTITION p2023 VALUES LESS THAN (2024),
-    PARTITION p2024 VALUES LESS THAN (2025)
-);
-```
-
-## NoSQL
-
-### MongoDB
-```javascript
-// 查询
-db.users.find({ status: "active" })
-db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 18 } })
-db.users.find({ tags: { $in: ["python", "web"] } })
-
-// 聚合
-db.orders.aggregate([
-    { $match: { status: "completed" } },
-    { $group: { _id: "$user_id", total: { $sum: "$amount" } } },
-    { $sort: { total: -1 } },
-    { $limit: 10 }
-])
-
-// 索引
-db.users.createIndex({ email: 1 }, { unique: true })
-db.users.createIndex({ location: "2dsphere" })
-```
-
-### Redis
-```bash
-# 字符串
-SET key value
-GET key
-SETEX key 3600 value  # 带过期时间
-
-# 哈希
-HSET user:1 name "Alice" email "alice@example.com"
-HGET user:1 name
-HGETALL user:1
-
-# 列表
-LPUSH queue task1
-RPOP queue
-
-# 集合
-SADD tags python web
-SMEMBERS tags
-SINTER tags1 tags2
-
-# 有序集合
-ZADD leaderboard 100 user1
-ZRANGE leaderboard 0 9 WITHSCORES
-
-# 过期
-EXPIRE key 3600
-TTL key
-```
-
-## 查询优化
-
-```yaml
-原则:
-  - 只查询需要的列
-  - 避免 SELECT *
-  - 使用索引
-  - 避免全表扫描
-  - 分页查询
-
-技巧:
-  - EXPLAIN 分析执行计划
-  - 避免在索引列上使用函数
-  - 使用覆盖索引
-  - 批量操作代替循环
-  - 合理使用缓存
-```
-
-## 数据库设计
-
-```yaml
-范式:
-  - 1NF: 原子性
-  - 2NF: 消除部分依赖
-  - 3NF: 消除传递依赖
-
-反范式:
-  - 适当冗余提高查询性能
-  - 读多写少场景
-
-命名规范:
-  - 表名: 复数小写 (users, orders)
-  - 列名: 小写下划线 (created_at)
-  - 索引: idx_表名_列名
-```
-
+---
+name: database
+description: 数据库设计与优化。SQL、NoSQL、索引、查询优化。当用户提到数据库、SQL、PostgreSQL、MySQL、MongoDB、Redis时使用。
+---
+
+# 🔧 炼器秘典 · 数据库
+
+
+## SQL 基础
+
+### 查询
+```sql
+-- 基础查询
+SELECT id, name, email
+FROM users
+WHERE status = 'active'
+ORDER BY created_at DESC
+LIMIT 10 OFFSET 0;
+
+-- 聚合
+SELECT department, COUNT(*) as count, AVG(salary) as avg_salary
+FROM employees
+GROUP BY department
+HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;
+
+-- 连接
+SELECT u.name, o.total
+FROM users u
+INNER JOIN orders o ON u.id = o.user_id
+WHERE o.created_at > '2024-01-01';
+
+-- 子查询
+SELECT * FROM users
+WHERE id IN (
+    SELECT user_id FROM orders
+    WHERE total > 1000
+);
+
+-- CTE
+WITH active_users AS (
+    SELECT * FROM users WHERE status = 'active'
+)
+SELECT * FROM active_users WHERE created_at > '2024-01-01';
+
+-- 窗口函数
+SELECT name, salary,
+    RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary DESC) as rank
+FROM employees;
+```
+
+### 索引
+```sql
+-- 创建索引
+CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users(email);
+CREATE INDEX idx_orders_user_date ON orders(user_id, created_at);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_users_email_unique ON users(email);
+
+-- 部分索引
+CREATE INDEX idx_active_users ON users(email) WHERE status = 'active';
+
+-- 查看执行计划
+EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'test@example.com';
+```
+
+### 索引策略
+```yaml
+适合索引:
+  - WHERE 条件列
+  - JOIN 关联列
+  - ORDER BY 排序列
+  - 高选择性列
+
+不适合索引:
+  - 频繁更新的列
+  - 低选择性列 (如性别)
+  - 小表
+
+复合索引:
+  - 最左前缀原则
+  - 选择性高的列在前
+```
+
+## PostgreSQL
+
+### 特性
+```sql
+-- JSON 支持
+SELECT data->>'name' as name
+FROM users
+WHERE data @> '{"status": "active"}';
+
+-- 数组
+SELECT * FROM posts
+WHERE tags @> ARRAY['python', 'web'];
+
+-- 全文搜索
+SELECT * FROM articles
+WHERE to_tsvector('english', content) @@ to_tsquery('python & web');
+
+-- UPSERT
+INSERT INTO users (email, name)
+VALUES ('test@example.com', 'Test')
+ON CONFLICT (email)
+DO UPDATE SET name = EXCLUDED.name;
+```
+
+## MySQL
+
+### 特性
+```sql
+-- 全文搜索
+SELECT * FROM articles
+WHERE MATCH(title, content) AGAINST('python web' IN NATURAL LANGUAGE MODE);
+
+-- JSON
+SELECT JSON_EXTRACT(data, '$.name') as name
+FROM users
+WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(data, '$.status') = 'active';
+
+-- 分区表
+CREATE TABLE orders (
+    id INT,
+    created_at DATE
+) PARTITION BY RANGE (YEAR(created_at)) (
+    PARTITION p2023 VALUES LESS THAN (2024),
+    PARTITION p2024 VALUES LESS THAN (2025)
+);
+```
+
+## NoSQL
+
+### MongoDB
+```javascript
+// 查询
+db.users.find({ status: "active" })
+db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 18 } })
+db.users.find({ tags: { $in: ["python", "web"] } })
+
+// 聚合
+db.orders.aggregate([
+    { $match: { status: "completed" } },
+    { $group: { _id: "$user_id", total: { $sum: "$amount" } } },
+    { $sort: { total: -1 } },
+    { $limit: 10 }
+])
+
+// 索引
+db.users.createIndex({ email: 1 }, { unique: true })
+db.users.createIndex({ location: "2dsphere" })
+```
+
+### Redis
+```bash
+# 字符串
+SET key value
+GET key
+SETEX key 3600 value  # 带过期时间
+
+# 哈希
+HSET user:1 name "Alice" email "alice@example.com"
+HGET user:1 name
+HGETALL user:1
+
+# 列表
+LPUSH queue task1
+RPOP queue
+
+# 集合
+SADD tags python web
+SMEMBERS tags
+SINTER tags1 tags2
+
+# 有序集合
+ZADD leaderboard 100 user1
+ZRANGE leaderboard 0 9 WITHSCORES
+
+# 过期
+EXPIRE key 3600
+TTL key
+```
+
+## 查询优化
+
+```yaml
+原则:
+  - 只查询需要的列
+  - 避免 SELECT *
+  - 使用索引
+  - 避免全表扫描
+  - 分页查询
+
+技巧:
+  - EXPLAIN 分析执行计划
+  - 避免在索引列上使用函数
+  - 使用覆盖索引
+  - 批量操作代替循环
+  - 合理使用缓存
+```
+
+## 数据库设计
+
+```yaml
+范式:
+  - 1NF: 原子性
+  - 2NF: 消除部分依赖
+  - 3NF: 消除传递依赖
+
+反范式:
+  - 适当冗余提高查询性能
+  - 读多写少场景
+
+命名规范:
+  - 表名: 复数小写 (users, orders)
+  - 列名: 小写下划线 (created_at)
+  - 索引: idx_表名_列名
+```
+