cc-devflow 1.0.1

package/.claude/skills/_reference-implementations/backend-express-prisma/resources/async-and-errors.md

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+# Async Patterns and Error Handling
+
+Complete guide to async/await patterns and custom error handling.
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Async/Await Best Practices](#asyncawait-best-practices)
+- [Promise Error Handling](#promise-error-handling)
+- [Custom Error Types](#custom-error-types)
+- [asyncErrorWrapper Utility](#asyncerrorwrapper-utility)
+- [Error Propagation](#error-propagation)
+- [Common Async Pitfalls](#common-async-pitfalls)
+
+---
+
+## Async/Await Best Practices
+
+### Always Use Try-Catch
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ NEVER: Unhandled async errors
+async function fetchData() {
+    const data = await database.query(); // If throws, unhandled!
+    return data;
+}
+
+// ✅ ALWAYS: Wrap in try-catch
+async function fetchData() {
+    try {
+        const data = await database.query();
+        return data;
+    } catch (error) {
+        Sentry.captureException(error);
+        throw error;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Avoid .then() Chains
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ AVOID: Promise chains
+function processData() {
+    return fetchData()
+        .then(data => transform(data))
+        .then(transformed => save(transformed))
+        .catch(error => {
+            console.error(error);
+        });
+}
+
+// ✅ PREFER: Async/await
+async function processData() {
+    try {
+        const data = await fetchData();
+        const transformed = await transform(data);
+        return await save(transformed);
+    } catch (error) {
+        Sentry.captureException(error);
+        throw error;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Promise Error Handling
+
+### Parallel Operations
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Handle errors in Promise.all
+try {
+    const [users, profiles, settings] = await Promise.all([
+        userService.getAll(),
+        profileService.getAll(),
+        settingsService.getAll(),
+    ]);
+} catch (error) {
+    // One failure fails all
+    Sentry.captureException(error);
+    throw error;
+}
+
+// ✅ Handle errors individually with Promise.allSettled
+const results = await Promise.allSettled([
+    userService.getAll(),
+    profileService.getAll(),
+    settingsService.getAll(),
+]);
+
+results.forEach((result, index) => {
+    if (result.status === 'rejected') {
+        Sentry.captureException(result.reason, {
+            tags: { operation: ['users', 'profiles', 'settings'][index] }
+        });
+    }
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+## Custom Error Types
+
+### Define Custom Errors
+
+```typescript
+// Base error class
+export class AppError extends Error {
+    constructor(
+        message: string,
+        public code: string,
+        public statusCode: number,
+        public isOperational: boolean = true
+    ) {
+        super(message);
+        this.name = this.constructor.name;
+        Error.captureStackTrace(this, this.constructor);
+    }
+}
+
+// Specific error types
+export class ValidationError extends AppError {
+    constructor(message: string) {
+        super(message, 'VALIDATION_ERROR', 400);
+    }
+}
+
+export class NotFoundError extends AppError {
+    constructor(message: string) {
+        super(message, 'NOT_FOUND', 404);
+    }
+}
+
+export class ForbiddenError extends AppError {
+    constructor(message: string) {
+        super(message, 'FORBIDDEN', 403);
+    }
+}
+
+export class ConflictError extends AppError {
+    constructor(message: string) {
+        super(message, 'CONFLICT', 409);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Usage
+
+```typescript
+// Throw specific errors
+if (!user) {
+    throw new NotFoundError('User not found');
+}
+
+if (user.age < 18) {
+    throw new ValidationError('User must be 18+');
+}
+
+// Error boundary handles them
+function errorBoundary(error, req, res, next) {
+    if (error instanceof AppError) {
+        return res.status(error.statusCode).json({
+            error: {
+                message: error.message,
+                code: error.code
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    // Unknown error
+    Sentry.captureException(error);
+    res.status(500).json({ error: { message: 'Internal server error' } });
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## asyncErrorWrapper Utility
+
+### Pattern
+
+```typescript
+export function asyncErrorWrapper(
+    handler: (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => Promise<any>
+) {
+    return async (req: Request, res: Response, next: NextFunction) => {
+        try {
+            await handler(req, res, next);
+        } catch (error) {
+            next(error);
+        }
+    };
+}
+```
+
+### Usage
+
+```typescript
+// Without wrapper - error can be unhandled
+router.get('/users', async (req, res) => {
+    const users = await userService.getAll(); // If throws, unhandled!
+    res.json(users);
+});
+
+// With wrapper - errors caught
+router.get('/users', asyncErrorWrapper(async (req, res) => {
+    const users = await userService.getAll();
+    res.json(users);
+}));
+```
+
+---
+
+## Error Propagation
+
+### Proper Error Chains
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Propagate errors up the stack
+async function repositoryMethod() {
+    try {
+        return await PrismaService.main.user.findMany();
+    } catch (error) {
+        Sentry.captureException(error, { tags: { layer: 'repository' } });
+        throw error; // Propagate to service
+    }
+}
+
+async function serviceMethod() {
+    try {
+        return await repositoryMethod();
+    } catch (error) {
+        Sentry.captureException(error, { tags: { layer: 'service' } });
+        throw error; // Propagate to controller
+    }
+}
+
+async function controllerMethod(req, res) {
+    try {
+        const result = await serviceMethod();
+        res.json(result);
+    } catch (error) {
+        this.handleError(error, res, 'controllerMethod'); // Final handler
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## Common Async Pitfalls
+
+### Fire and Forget (Bad)
+
+```typescript
+// ❌ NEVER: Fire and forget
+async function processRequest(req, res) {
+    sendEmail(user.email); // Fires async, errors unhandled!
+    res.json({ success: true });
+}
+
+// ✅ ALWAYS: Await or handle
+async function processRequest(req, res) {
+    try {
+        await sendEmail(user.email);
+        res.json({ success: true });
+    } catch (error) {
+        Sentry.captureException(error);
+        res.status(500).json({ error: 'Failed to send email' });
+    }
+}
+
+// ✅ OR: Intentional background task
+async function processRequest(req, res) {
+    sendEmail(user.email).catch(error => {
+        Sentry.captureException(error);
+    });
+    res.json({ success: true });
+}
+```
+
+### Unhandled Rejections
+
+```typescript
+// ✅ Global handler for unhandled rejections
+process.on('unhandledRejection', (reason, promise) => {
+    Sentry.captureException(reason, {
+        tags: { type: 'unhandled_rejection' }
+    });
+    console.error('Unhandled Rejection:', reason);
+});
+
+process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
+    Sentry.captureException(error, {
+        tags: { type: 'uncaught_exception' }
+    });
+    console.error('Uncaught Exception:', error);
+    process.exit(1);
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+**Related Files:**
+- [SKILL.md](SKILL.md)
+- [sentry-and-monitoring.md](sentry-and-monitoring.md)
+- [complete-examples.md](complete-examples.md)