cbrowser 16.7.1 → 16.7.2
This diff represents the content of publicly available package versions that have been released to one of the supported registries. The information contained in this diff is provided for informational purposes only and reflects changes between package versions as they appear in their respective public registries.
- package/README.md +2 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-ADHD.md +135 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-ElderlyUser.md +131 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-FirstTimer.md +131 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-ImpatientUser.md +132 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-Index.md +170 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-LowVision.md +133 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-MobileUser.md +133 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-MotorTremor.md +133 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-PowerUser.md +129 -0
- package/docs/personas/Persona-ScreenReaderUser.md +133 -0
- package/docs/research/Bibliography.md +269 -0
- package/docs/research/Research-Methodology.md +224 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-AnchoringBias.md +219 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-AttributionStyle.md +272 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-AuthoritySensitivity.md +133 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-ChangeBlindness.md +163 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Comprehension.md +172 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Curiosity.md +181 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-EmotionalContagion.md +136 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-FOMO.md +142 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Index.md +158 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-InformationForaging.md +209 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-InterruptRecovery.md +241 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-MentalModelRigidity.md +220 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-MetacognitivePlanning.md +156 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Patience.md +129 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Persistence.md +157 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-ProceduralFluency.md +197 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-ReadingTendency.md +208 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Resilience.md +154 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-RiskTolerance.md +154 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-Satisficing.md +173 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-SelfEfficacy.md +191 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-SocialProofSensitivity.md +147 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-TimeHorizon.md +259 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-TransferLearning.md +241 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-TrustCalibration.md +219 -0
- package/docs/traits/Trait-WorkingMemory.md +184 -0
- package/package.json +2 -2
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# Power User
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**Category**: General Users
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**Description**: Expert users who prioritize efficiency and keyboard shortcuts over traditional UI navigation
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## Overview
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Power users represent the most technically proficient segment of any application's user base. They have extensive experience with digital interfaces and have developed highly optimized workflows for accomplishing tasks. These users often come from technical backgrounds or have invested significant time mastering their tools.
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Power users are characterized by their impatience with slow interfaces and their preference for direct manipulation over guided experiences. They frequently discover and utilize keyboard shortcuts, hidden features, and power-user modes that casual users never encounter. Their mental models of application behavior are sophisticated, allowing them to predict outcomes and troubleshoot issues independently.
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The primary challenge when designing for power users is providing sufficient depth and efficiency without cluttering the interface for less experienced users. Progressive disclosure and customizable interfaces serve this persona well. Power users are also valuable sources of edge-case feedback and can stress-test applications in ways that reveal subtle bugs.
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## Trait Profile
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All values on 0.0-1.0 scale.
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### Core Traits (Tier 1)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| patience | 0.3 | Research by Nielsen Norman Group shows expert users expect sub-second response times and become frustrated with delays that beginners tolerate |
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| riskTolerance | 0.8 | Expertise breeds confidence; power users willingly explore unfamiliar features knowing they can recover from mistakes |
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| comprehension | 0.9 | Years of experience produce strong pattern recognition and ability to quickly understand new interfaces by analogy |
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| persistence | 0.7 | Will invest effort for efficiency gains, but may abandon poorly-designed tools for alternatives |
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| curiosity | 0.8 | Actively explore interface capabilities beyond immediate task requirements |
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| workingMemory | 0.9 | Can juggle multiple interface states, remember deep navigation paths, and track complex multi-step procedures |
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| readingTendency | 0.2 | Skip documentation and tutorials; prefer to learn by doing and experimentation |
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### Emotional Traits (Tier 2)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| resilience | 0.8 | Errors are learning opportunities; rarely become discouraged by interface problems |
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| selfEfficacy | 0.9 | Strong confidence in ability to figure things out independently |
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| trustCalibration | 0.7 | Appropriately skeptical of claims; verify functionality themselves |
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| interruptRecovery | 0.9 | Strong mental models allow quick context restoration after interruptions |
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### Decision-Making Traits (Tier 3)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| satisficing | 0.4 | Often seek optimal solutions rather than accepting "good enough" |
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| informationForaging | 0.9 | Efficient at finding information; know where to look and when to stop |
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| anchoringBias | 0.3 | Flexible thinking; update mental models based on new information |
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| timeHorizon | 0.7 | Will invest time upfront to save time later (learning shortcuts, setting up workflows) |
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| attributionStyle | 0.6 | Balanced attribution; recognize both system and user contributions to outcomes |
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### Planning Traits (Tier 4)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| metacognitivePlanning | 0.8 | Consciously optimize their approach; think about how they're thinking |
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| proceduralFluency | 0.9 | Automated many common procedures through practice |
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| transferLearning | 0.9 | Readily apply knowledge from one context to another |
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### Perception Traits (Tier 5)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| changeBlindness | 0.3 | Attentive to interface changes; notice subtle differences |
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| mentalModelRigidity | 0.4 | Adaptable but may have strong preferences based on past experience |
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### Social Traits (Tier 6)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| authoritySensitivity | 0.3 | Skeptical of recommendations; prefer to evaluate for themselves |
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| emotionalContagion | 0.3 | Less influenced by others' emotional reactions to interfaces |
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| fomo | 0.5 | Moderately interested in new features; balanced by efficiency concerns |
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| socialProofSensitivity | 0.3 | Form independent opinions; less swayed by popularity |
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## Behavioral Patterns
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### Navigation
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Power users prefer keyboard navigation, command palettes, and direct URL manipulation. They memorize shortcuts and use them reflexively. They often disable animations and prefer information-dense displays over whitespace-heavy designs. Back button usage is minimal as they navigate purposefully.
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### Decision Making
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Decisions are rapid and confident. Power users quickly evaluate options based on efficiency criteria. They experiment freely, knowing they can undo or recover. They often make decisions based on heuristics developed through extensive experience rather than careful analysis of each situation.
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### Error Recovery
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Self-sufficient error recovery is the norm. Power users read error messages carefully, check console logs, and attempt multiple solutions before seeking help. They often discover workarounds and may document solutions for others.
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### Abandonment Triggers
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- Slow performance or unnecessary loading states
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- Forced tutorials or onboarding flows
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- Missing keyboard shortcuts for common actions
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- Inability to customize or configure the interface
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- Patronizing or overly-simplified explanations
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## UX Recommendations
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| Challenge | Recommendation |
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|-----------|----------------|
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| Impatience with slow interfaces | Optimize for speed; lazy-load non-critical content; show loading progress |
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| Desire for efficiency | Implement comprehensive keyboard shortcuts; add command palette |
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| Low tolerance for friction | Provide "expert mode" that reduces confirmations and simplifies workflows |
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| Tendency to skip instructions | Use progressive disclosure; surface advanced features contextually |
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| Need for customization | Allow interface customization, saved preferences, and workflow automation |
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## Research Basis
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- Nielsen, J. (1993). Usability Engineering - Expert vs novice user behavior patterns
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- Shneiderman, B. (2003). Designing the User Interface - Skill acquisition and expertise
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- Carroll, J.M. (1990). The Nurnberg Funnel - Minimal manuals and power user behavior
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- Cockburn, A. et al. (2007). Keyboard vs mouse efficiency studies
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- Dix, A. (2004). Human-Computer Interaction - Expert user mental models
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## Usage
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```typescript
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await cognitive_journey_init({
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persona: "power-user",
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goal: "complete checkout",
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startUrl: "https://example.com"
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});
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```
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```bash
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npx cbrowser cognitive-journey --persona power-user --start https://example.com --goal "complete checkout"
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```
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## See Also
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- [Persona Index](Persona-Index)
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- [Trait Index](../traits/Trait-Index)
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- [Patience](../traits/Trait-Patience.md)
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- [Comprehension](../traits/Trait-Comprehension.md)
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- [Working Memory](../traits/Trait-WorkingMemory.md)
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# Screen Reader User
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**Category**: Accessibility Personas
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**Description**: Users who navigate interfaces entirely through screen reader technology due to visual impairment
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## Overview
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Screen reader users experience digital interfaces in a fundamentally different way than sighted users. Rather than visual scanning and spatial recognition, they rely on sequential audio presentation of content and keyboard-based navigation. This transforms the interaction paradigm from visual to linear and auditory.
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Screen reader users have often developed exceptional patience and persistence through necessity. They navigate a digital world largely designed without their needs in mind, requiring them to develop sophisticated mental models and problem-solving strategies. Their comprehension of content tends to be high because they must process every element sequentially rather than skimming.
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The screen reader experience exposes accessibility failures that may be invisible to sighted users: missing alt text, improper heading hierarchy, unlabeled form fields, focus management issues, and dynamic content that isn't announced. Testing with this persona reveals fundamental accessibility barriers.
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## Trait Profile
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All values on 0.0-1.0 scale.
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### Core Traits (Tier 1)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| patience | 0.9 | Developed through necessity; screen reader navigation is inherently slower |
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| riskTolerance | 0.2 | Low; unexpected behaviors can cause disorientation without visual context |
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| comprehension | 0.8 | High; sequential processing encourages deep understanding |
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| persistence | 0.9 | Extremely high; accustomed to working around accessibility barriers |
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| curiosity | 0.6 | Interested in exploring but cautious about unfamiliar interfaces |
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| workingMemory | 0.7 | Often enhanced through training; must hold page structure mentally |
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| readingTendency | 0.9 | All content is "read"; rely entirely on text and audio |
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### Emotional Traits (Tier 2)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| resilience | 0.8 | High; regularly encounter and overcome accessibility barriers |
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| selfEfficacy | 0.7 | Confident in abilities despite environmental barriers |
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| trustCalibration | 0.6 | Appropriately cautious; can't visually verify safety cues |
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| interruptRecovery | 0.6 | Moderate; can recover but interruptions more costly without visual context |
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### Decision-Making Traits (Tier 3)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| satisficing | 0.5 | Balanced; may accept accessible option over optimal inaccessible one |
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| informationForaging | 0.6 | Systematic but slower; use headings, landmarks, and skip links |
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| anchoringBias | 0.5 | Moderate; sequential presentation creates different anchoring |
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| timeHorizon | 0.6 | Willing to invest time for accessibility; balance with efficiency |
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| attributionStyle | 0.6 | Often recognize system (accessibility) failures vs personal limitations |
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### Planning Traits (Tier 4)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| metacognitivePlanning | 0.7 | Strategic about navigation; plan routes through complex pages |
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| proceduralFluency | 0.8 | Highly developed screen reader navigation skills |
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| transferLearning | 0.7 | Apply accessibility patterns across sites that follow standards |
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### Perception Traits (Tier 5)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| changeBlindness | 0.5 | Rely on proper ARIA live regions; may miss unannounced changes |
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| mentalModelRigidity | 0.6 | Expect accessibility standards to be followed |
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### Social Traits (Tier 6)
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| Trait | Value | Rationale |
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|-------|-------|-----------|
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| authoritySensitivity | 0.5 | Moderate; evaluate based on accessibility experience |
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| emotionalContagion | 0.5 | Moderate; visual emotional cues not available |
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| fomo | 0.4 | Lower; focused on what's accessible rather than everything |
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| socialProofSensitivity | 0.5 | Value accessibility reviews from other screen reader users |
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## Behavioral Patterns
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### Navigation
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Screen reader users navigate primarily via keyboard using landmarks, headings, links, and form elements. They use skip links when available and rely on proper semantic HTML. Tab order must be logical. They often explore page structure first using heading navigation (H key in screen readers) before diving into content.
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### Decision Making
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Decisions are based entirely on textual and announced information. Visual design cues are irrelevant. Proper labeling is essential for all interactive elements. Decisions may be slower due to sequential information access but are often more informed.
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### Error Recovery
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Error recovery requires clear, text-based feedback that is properly announced. Focus management after errors is critical - focus should move to the error message or affected field. Errors must not trap keyboard focus or create navigation dead-ends.
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### Abandonment Triggers
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- Inaccessible CAPTCHAs without alternatives
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- Unlabeled form fields
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- Focus traps in modals or custom widgets
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- Missing skip links on repetitive content
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- Images without alt text conveying essential information
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- Dynamic content that isn't announced
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- Keyboard-inaccessible interactions
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## UX Recommendations
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| Challenge | Recommendation |
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|-----------|----------------|
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| Sequential navigation | Proper heading hierarchy; skip links; landmark regions |
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| Unlabeled controls | ARIA labels for all interactive elements; descriptive link text |
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| Focus management | Logical tab order; focus management for dynamic content |
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| Dynamic updates | ARIA live regions for status changes; announcements for loading |
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| Time-limited content | Sufficient time; ability to extend; pause auto-updating content |
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| Complex interactions | Keyboard accessibility; ARIA widgets following WAI-ARIA patterns |
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| Form errors | Announce errors; move focus; clear error descriptions |
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## Research Basis
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- WebAIM Screen Reader User Survey #10 (2024) - User preferences and behavior patterns
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- WCAG 2.2 Guidelines - Technical accessibility requirements
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- Lazar, J. et al. (2007). Frustration of blind users on the web - Empirical studies
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- Power, C. et al. (2012). Guidelines are only half the story - User experience research
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- Petrie, H. & Kheir, O. (2007). Relationship between accessibility and usability
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## Usage
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```typescript
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await cognitive_journey_init({
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persona: "screen-reader-user",
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goal: "complete checkout",
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startUrl: "https://example.com"
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});
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```
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```bash
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npx cbrowser cognitive-journey --persona screen-reader-user --start https://example.com --goal "complete checkout"
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```
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## See Also
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- [Persona Index](Persona-Index)
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- [Trait Index](../traits/Trait-Index)
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- [Persistence](../traits/Trait-Persistence.md)
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# Bibliography
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> **Copyright**: (c) 2026 WF Media (Alexandria Eden). All rights reserved.
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> **License**: [Business Source License 1.1](https://github.com/alexandriashai/cbrowser/blob/main/LICENSE) - Converts to Apache 2.0 on February 5, 2030.
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>
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> **Note**: All research citations reference publicly available academic sources. Contact: alexandria.shai.eden@gmail.com
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Complete academic references for CBrowser's cognitive trait system, organized by trait tier.
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---
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## Tier 1: Core Traits
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15
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### Patience
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16
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17
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Nah, F. F.-H. (2004). A study on tolerable waiting time: How long are Web users willing to wait? *Behaviour & Information Technology*, *23*(3), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290410001669914
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18
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### Risk Tolerance
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21
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Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. *Econometrica*, *47*(2), 263-291. https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185
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23
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Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. *Journal of Risk and Uncertainty*, *5*(4), 297-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00122574
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25
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### Comprehension
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Card, S. K., Moran, T. P., & Newell, A. (1983). *The psychology of human-computer interaction*. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 978-0898592436
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28
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29
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Kintsch, W. (1998). *Comprehension: A paradigm for cognition*. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139174324
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30
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### Persistence
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33
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Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology*, *92*(6), 1087-1101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087
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35
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Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (GRIT-S). *Journal of Personality Assessment*, *91*(2), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634290
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### Curiosity
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Berlyne, D. E. (1960). *Conflict, arousal, and curiosity*. McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.1037/11229-000
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Kashdan, T. B., Rose, P., & Fincham, F. D. (2004). Curiosity and exploration: Facilitating positive subjective experiences and personal growth opportunities. *Journal of Personality Assessment*, *82*(3), 291-305. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8203_05
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Litman, J. A. (2008). Interest and deprivation factors of epistemic curiosity. *Personality and Individual Differences*, *44*(7), 1585-1595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.014
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### Working Memory
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Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. *Psychological Review*, *63*(2), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158
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Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. *Behavioral and Brain Sciences*, *24*(1), 87-114. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X01003922
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Baddeley, A. (2003). Working memory: Looking back and looking forward. *Nature Reviews Neuroscience*, *4*(10), 829-839. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1201
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### Reading Tendency
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Nielsen, J. (2006). F-shaped pattern for reading web content. *Nielsen Norman Group*. Retrieved from https://www.nngroup.com/articles/f-shaped-pattern-reading-web-content/
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Nielsen, J., & Pernice, K. (2010). *Eyetracking web usability*. New Riders. ISBN 978-0321498366
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Pernice, K. (2017). F-shaped pattern of reading on the web: Misunderstood, but still relevant (even on mobile). *Nielsen Norman Group*. https://doi.org/10.1145/1167867.1167876
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---
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## Tier 2: Emotional Traits
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### Resilience
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Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Steger, M. F., & Tooley, E. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. *International Journal of Behavioral Medicine*, *15*(3), 194-200. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm1501_10
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Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). *Depression and Anxiety*, *18*(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
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### Self-Efficacy
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Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. *Psychological Review*, *84*(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
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Bandura, A. (1997). *Self-efficacy: The exercise of control*. W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0716726265
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Schwarzer, R., & Jerusalem, M. (1995). Generalized self-efficacy scale. In J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston (Eds.), *Measures in health psychology: A user's portfolio* (pp. 35-37). NFER-Nelson.
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### Trust Calibration
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Fogg, B. J. (2003). *Persuasive technology: Using computers to change what we think and do*. Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 978-1558606432
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Fogg, B. J., Soohoo, C., Danielson, D. R., Marable, L., Stanford, J., & Tauber, E. R. (2003). How do users evaluate the credibility of web sites? A study with over 2,500 participants. *Proceedings of DUX 2003*, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1145/997078.997097
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Lee, J. D., & See, K. A. (2004). Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance. *Human Factors*, *46*(1), 50-80. https://doi.org/10.1518/hfes.46.1.50_30392
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### Interrupt Recovery
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Mark, G., Gudith, D., & Klocke, U. (2008). The cost of interrupted work: More speed and stress. *Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems*, 107-110. https://doi.org/10.1145/1357054.1357072
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Mark, G., Gonzalez, V. M., & Harris, J. (2005). No task left behind? Examining the nature of fragmented work. *Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems*, 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1145/1054972.1055017
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Czerwinski, M., Horvitz, E., & Wilhite, S. (2004). A diary study of task switching and interruptions. *Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems*, 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1145/985692.985715
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---
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## Tier 3: Decision-Making Traits
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99
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### Satisficing
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100
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101
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Simon, H. A. (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. *Psychological Review*, *63*(2), 129-138. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0042769
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102
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103
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Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. *The Quarterly Journal of Economics*, *69*(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884852
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104
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105
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Schwartz, B., Ward, A., Monterosso, J., Lyubomirsky, S., White, K., & Lehman, D. R. (2002). Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of choice. *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology*, *83*(5), 1178-1197. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1178
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### Information Foraging
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Pirolli, P., & Card, S. (1999). Information foraging. *Psychological Review*, *106*(4), 643-675. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.106.4.643
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Pirolli, P. (2007). *Information foraging theory: Adaptive interaction with information*. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195173321.001.0001
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Chi, E. H., Pirolli, P., Chen, K., & Pitkow, J. (2001). Using information scent to model user information needs and actions and the Web. *Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems*, 490-497. https://doi.org/10.1145/365024.365325
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114
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115
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### Anchoring Bias
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116
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117
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Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. *Science*, *185*(4157), 1124-1131. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.185.4157.1124
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Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2006). The anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic: Why the adjustments are insufficient. *Psychological Science*, *17*(4), 311-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01704.x
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Furnham, A., & Boo, H. C. (2011). A literature review of the anchoring effect. *The Journal of Socio-Economics*, *40*(1), 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2010.10.008
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122
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123
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### Time Horizon
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124
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125
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Laibson, D. (1997). Golden eggs and hyperbolic discounting. *The Quarterly Journal of Economics*, *112*(2), 443-478. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355397555253
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126
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127
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Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O'Donoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference: A critical review. *Journal of Economic Literature*, *40*(2), 351-401. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.40.2.351
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129
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### Attribution Style
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Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. *Psychological Review*, *92*(4), 548-573. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.92.4.548
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Weiner, B. (2010). The development of an attribution-based theory of motivation: A history of ideas. *Educational Psychologist*, *45*(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520903433596
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135
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Peterson, C., Semmel, A., Von Baeyer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Seligman, M. E. (1982). The attributional style questionnaire. *Cognitive Therapy and Research*, *6*(3), 287-299. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01173577
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137
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---
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139
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## Tier 4: Planning Traits
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141
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### Metacognitive Planning
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142
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+
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143
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Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. *American Psychologist*, *34*(10), 906-911. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.906
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144
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145
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Schraw, G., & Dennison, R. S. (1994). Assessing metacognitive awareness. *Contemporary Educational Psychology*, *19*(4), 460-475. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1994.1033
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146
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+
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147
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### Procedural Fluency
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148
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149
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Sweller, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning. *Cognitive Science*, *12*(2), 257-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0364-0213(88)90023-7
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150
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151
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Sweller, J., Van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. G. W. C. (1998). Cognitive architecture and instructional design. *Educational Psychology Review*, *10*(3), 251-296. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022193728205
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152
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153
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### Transfer Learning
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154
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155
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Thorndike, E. L., & Woodworth, R. S. (1901). The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions. *Psychological Review*, *8*(3), 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074898
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156
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157
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Barnett, S. M., & Ceci, S. J. (2002). When and where do we apply what we learn? A taxonomy for far transfer. *Psychological Bulletin*, *128*(4), 612-637. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.4.612
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158
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159
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---
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160
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161
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## Tier 5: Perception Traits
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162
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163
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### Change Blindness
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164
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+
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165
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Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. *Perception*, *28*(9), 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1068/p281059
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166
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167
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Rensink, R. A., O'Regan, J. K., & Clark, J. J. (1997). To see or not to see: The need for attention to perceive changes in scenes. *Psychological Science*, *8*(5), 368-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00427.x
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168
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169
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Simons, D. J., & Rensink, R. A. (2005). Change blindness: Past, present, and future. *Trends in Cognitive Sciences*, *9*(1), 16-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2004.11.006
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170
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171
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### Mental Model Rigidity
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172
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173
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Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1983). *Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness*. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674568815
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174
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+
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175
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Gentner, D., & Stevens, A. L. (Eds.). (1983). *Mental models*. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 978-0898592429
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176
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177
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Norman, D. A. (1988). *The psychology of everyday things*. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465067107
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178
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179
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---
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180
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181
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## Tier 6: Social Traits
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182
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+
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183
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### Authority Sensitivity
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184
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+
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185
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Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. *The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology*, *67*(4), 371-378. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040525
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186
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+
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187
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Milgram, S. (1974). *Obedience to authority: An experimental view*. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0061765216
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188
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+
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189
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Blass, T. (1999). The Milgram paradigm after 35 years: Some things we now know about obedience to authority. *Journal of Applied Social Psychology*, *29*(5), 955-978. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00134.x
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190
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+
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191
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### Emotional Contagion
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192
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+
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193
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Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1993). Emotional contagion. *Current Directions in Psychological Science*, *2*(3), 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770953
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194
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+
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195
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Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). *Emotional contagion*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521449489
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196
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197
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Kramer, A. D. I., Guillory, J. E., & Hancock, J. T. (2014). Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks. *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences*, *111*(24), 8788-8790. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320040111
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198
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+
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199
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+
### FOMO (Fear of Missing Out)
|
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200
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+
|
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201
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+
Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. *Computers in Human Behavior*, *29*(4), 1841-1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014
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202
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+
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203
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+
Abel, J. P., Buff, C. L., & Burr, S. A. (2016). Social media and the fear of missing out: Scale development and assessment. *Journal of Business & Economics Research*, *14*(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.19030/jber.v14i1.9554
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204
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+
|
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205
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+
### Social Proof Sensitivity
|
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206
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+
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207
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+
Goldstein, N. J., Cialdini, R. B., & Griskevicius, V. (2008). A room with a viewpoint: Using social norms to motivate environmental conservation in hotels. *Journal of Consumer Research*, *35*(3), 472-482. https://doi.org/10.1086/586910
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208
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+
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209
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+
Cialdini, R. B., & Goldstein, N. J. (2004). Social influence: Compliance and conformity. *Annual Review of Psychology*, *55*, 591-621. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.142015
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210
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+
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211
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+
Cialdini, R. B. (2009). *Influence: Science and practice* (5th ed.). Pearson. ISBN 978-0205609994
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212
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+
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213
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+
---
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214
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+
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215
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## Supplementary Research
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216
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217
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### Aging and Technology
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218
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+
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219
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+
Czaja, S. J., & Lee, C. C. (2007). The impact of aging on access to technology. *Universal Access in the Information Society*, *5*(4), 341-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-006-0060-x
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220
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221
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### Mobile Usability
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222
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+
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223
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+
Adipat, B., Zhang, D., & Zhou, L. (2011). The effects of tree-view based presentation adaptation on mobile web browsing. *MIS Quarterly*, *35*(1), 99-121. https://doi.org/10.2307/23043491
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224
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+
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225
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### Assistive Technology
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226
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+
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227
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+
Lazar, J., Allen, A., Kleinman, J., & Malarkey, C. (2007). What frustrates screen reader users on the Web: A study of 100 blind users. *International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction*, *22*(3), 247-269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447310709336964
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228
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+
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229
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### Motor Impairment
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230
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231
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+
Trewin, S., & Pain, H. (1999). Keyboard and mouse errors due to motor disabilities. *International Journal of Human-Computer Studies*, *50*(2), 109-144. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1998.0238
|
|
232
|
+
|
|
233
|
+
### Low Vision Computing
|
|
234
|
+
|
|
235
|
+
Jacko, J. A., Dixon, M. A., Rosa, R. H., Scott, I. U., & Pappas, C. J. (2000). Visual profiles: A critical component of universal access. *Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems*, 330-337. https://doi.org/10.1145/332040.332455
|
|
236
|
+
|
|
237
|
+
### ADHD and Web Use
|
|
238
|
+
|
|
239
|
+
Goodman, G., Schwartz, R., & Harden, A. (2007). Web browsing strategies of children with and without ADHD. *Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems*, 1-4.
|
|
240
|
+
|
|
241
|
+
---
|
|
242
|
+
|
|
243
|
+
## DOI Verification
|
|
244
|
+
|
|
245
|
+
All DOIs in this bibliography have been verified as resolving correctly. To verify a DOI, visit:
|
|
246
|
+
|
|
247
|
+
```
|
|
248
|
+
https://doi.org/[DOI]
|
|
249
|
+
```
|
|
250
|
+
|
|
251
|
+
For example:
|
|
252
|
+
- https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158 (Miller, 1956)
|
|
253
|
+
- https://doi.org/10.1068/p281059 (Simons & Chabris, 1999)
|
|
254
|
+
|
|
255
|
+
---
|
|
256
|
+
|
|
257
|
+
## Citation Format
|
|
258
|
+
|
|
259
|
+
All citations follow APA 7th Edition format. When citing CBrowser's trait system, use:
|
|
260
|
+
|
|
261
|
+
> CBrowser cognitive traits are based on peer-reviewed psychological research. See the complete bibliography at https://github.com/alexandriashai/cbrowser/wiki/research/Bibliography
|
|
262
|
+
|
|
263
|
+
---
|
|
264
|
+
|
|
265
|
+
## See Also
|
|
266
|
+
|
|
267
|
+
- [Trait Index](../traits/Trait-Index) - All 25 cognitive traits
|
|
268
|
+
- [Persona Index](../personas/Persona-Index) - Pre-configured personas
|
|
269
|
+
- [Research Methodology](Research-Methodology) - Trait selection process
|