buildanything 1.8.0 → 2.1.1

package/skills/ios/swift-actor-persistence/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: swift-actor-persistence
+description: Thread-safe data persistence in Swift using actors — in-memory cache with file-backed storage, eliminating data races by design.
+origin: ECC
+---
+
+# Swift Actors for Thread-Safe Persistence
+
+Patterns for building thread-safe data persistence layers using Swift actors. Combines in-memory caching with file-backed storage, leveraging the actor model to eliminate data races at compile time.
+
+## When to Activate
+
+- Building a data persistence layer in Swift 5.5+
+- Need thread-safe access to shared mutable state
+- Want to eliminate manual synchronization (locks, DispatchQueues)
+- Building offline-first apps with local storage
+
+## Core Pattern
+
+### Actor-Based Repository
+
+The actor model guarantees serialized access — no data races, enforced by the compiler.
+
+```swift
+public actor LocalRepository<T: Codable & Identifiable> where T.ID == String {
+    private var cache: [String: T] = [:]
+    private let fileURL: URL
+
+    public init(directory: URL = .documentsDirectory, filename: String = "data.json") {
+        self.fileURL = directory.appendingPathComponent(filename)
+        // Synchronous load during init (actor isolation not yet active)
+        self.cache = Self.loadSynchronously(from: fileURL)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Public API
+
+    public func save(_ item: T) throws {
+        cache[item.id] = item
+        try persistToFile()
+    }
+
+    public func delete(_ id: String) throws {
+        cache[id] = nil
+        try persistToFile()
+    }
+
+    public func find(by id: String) -> T? {
+        cache[id]
+    }
+
+    public func loadAll() -> [T] {
+        Array(cache.values)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Private
+
+    private func persistToFile() throws {
+        let data = try JSONEncoder().encode(Array(cache.values))
+        try data.write(to: fileURL, options: .atomic)
+    }
+
+    private static func loadSynchronously(from url: URL) -> [String: T] {
+        guard let data = try? Data(contentsOf: url),
+              let items = try? JSONDecoder().decode([T].self, from: data) else {
+            return [:]
+        }
+        return Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: items.map { ($0.id, $0) })
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Usage
+
+All calls are automatically async due to actor isolation:
+
+```swift
+let repository = LocalRepository<Question>()
+
+// Read — fast O(1) lookup from in-memory cache
+let question = await repository.find(by: "q-001")
+let allQuestions = await repository.loadAll()
+
+// Write — updates cache and persists to file atomically
+try await repository.save(newQuestion)
+try await repository.delete("q-001")
+```
+
+### Combining with @Observable ViewModel
+
+```swift
+@Observable
+final class QuestionListViewModel {
+    private(set) var questions: [Question] = []
+    private let repository: LocalRepository<Question>
+
+    init(repository: LocalRepository<Question> = LocalRepository()) {
+        self.repository = repository
+    }
+
+    func load() async {
+        questions = await repository.loadAll()
+    }
+
+    func add(_ question: Question) async throws {
+        try await repository.save(question)
+        questions = await repository.loadAll()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Key Design Decisions
+
+| Decision | Rationale |
+|----------|-----------|
+| Actor (not class + lock) | Compiler-enforced thread safety, no manual synchronization |
+| In-memory cache + file persistence | Fast reads from cache, durable writes to disk |
+| Synchronous init loading | Avoids async initialization complexity |
+| Dictionary keyed by ID | O(1) lookups by identifier |
+| Generic over `Codable & Identifiable` | Reusable across any model type |
+| Atomic file writes (`.atomic`) | Prevents partial writes on crash |
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- **Use `Sendable` types** for all data crossing actor boundaries
+- **Keep the actor's public API minimal** — only expose domain operations, not persistence details
+- **Use `.atomic` writes** to prevent data corruption if the app crashes mid-write
+- **Load synchronously in `init`** — async initializers add complexity with minimal benefit for local files
+- **Combine with `@Observable`** ViewModels for reactive UI updates
+
+## Anti-Patterns to Avoid
+
+- Using `DispatchQueue` or `NSLock` instead of actors for new Swift concurrency code
+- Exposing the internal cache dictionary to external callers
+- Making the file URL configurable without validation
+- Forgetting that all actor method calls are `await` — callers must handle async context
+- Using `nonisolated` to bypass actor isolation (defeats the purpose)
+
+## When to Use
+
+- Local data storage in iOS/macOS apps (user data, settings, cached content)
+- Offline-first architectures that sync to a server later
+- Any shared mutable state that multiple parts of the app access concurrently
+- Replacing legacy `DispatchQueue`-based thread safety with modern Swift concurrency

package/skills/ios/swift-concurrency-6-2/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: swift-concurrency-6-2
+description: Swift 6.2 Approachable Concurrency — single-threaded by default, @concurrent for explicit background offloading, isolated conformances for main actor types.
+---
+
+# Swift 6.2 Approachable Concurrency
+
+Patterns for adopting Swift 6.2's concurrency model where code runs single-threaded by default and concurrency is introduced explicitly. Eliminates common data-race errors without sacrificing performance.
+
+## When to Activate
+
+- Migrating Swift 5.x or 6.0/6.1 projects to Swift 6.2
+- Resolving data-race safety compiler errors
+- Designing MainActor-based app architecture
+- Offloading CPU-intensive work to background threads
+- Implementing protocol conformances on MainActor-isolated types
+- Enabling Approachable Concurrency build settings in Xcode 26
+
+## Core Problem: Implicit Background Offloading
+
+In Swift 6.1 and earlier, async functions could be implicitly offloaded to background threads, causing data-race errors even in seemingly safe code:
+
+```swift
+// Swift 6.1: ERROR
+@MainActor
+final class StickerModel {
+    let photoProcessor = PhotoProcessor()
+
+    func extractSticker(_ item: PhotosPickerItem) async throws -> Sticker? {
+        guard let data = try await item.loadTransferable(type: Data.self) else { return nil }
+
+        // Error: Sending 'self.photoProcessor' risks causing data races
+        return await photoProcessor.extractSticker(data: data, with: item.itemIdentifier)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+Swift 6.2 fixes this: async functions stay on the calling actor by default.
+
+```swift
+// Swift 6.2: OK — async stays on MainActor, no data race
+@MainActor
+final class StickerModel {
+    let photoProcessor = PhotoProcessor()
+
+    func extractSticker(_ item: PhotosPickerItem) async throws -> Sticker? {
+        guard let data = try await item.loadTransferable(type: Data.self) else { return nil }
+        return await photoProcessor.extractSticker(data: data, with: item.itemIdentifier)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Core Pattern — Isolated Conformances
+
+MainActor types can now conform to non-isolated protocols safely:
+
+```swift
+protocol Exportable {
+    func export()
+}
+
+// Swift 6.1: ERROR — crosses into main actor-isolated code
+// Swift 6.2: OK with isolated conformance
+extension StickerModel: @MainActor Exportable {
+    func export() {
+        photoProcessor.exportAsPNG()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+The compiler ensures the conformance is only used on the main actor:
+
+```swift
+// OK — ImageExporter is also @MainActor
+@MainActor
+struct ImageExporter {
+    var items: [any Exportable]
+
+    mutating func add(_ item: StickerModel) {
+        items.append(item)  // Safe: same actor isolation
+    }
+}
+
+// ERROR — nonisolated context can't use MainActor conformance
+nonisolated struct ImageExporter {
+    var items: [any Exportable]
+
+    mutating func add(_ item: StickerModel) {
+        items.append(item)  // Error: Main actor-isolated conformance cannot be used here
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Core Pattern — Global and Static Variables
+
+Protect global/static state with MainActor:
+
+```swift
+// Swift 6.1: ERROR — non-Sendable type may have shared mutable state
+final class StickerLibrary {
+    static let shared: StickerLibrary = .init()  // Error
+}
+
+// Fix: Annotate with @MainActor
+@MainActor
+final class StickerLibrary {
+    static let shared: StickerLibrary = .init()  // OK
+}
+```
+
+### MainActor Default Inference Mode
+
+Swift 6.2 introduces a mode where MainActor is inferred by default — no manual annotations needed:
+
+```swift
+// With MainActor default inference enabled:
+final class StickerLibrary {
+    static let shared: StickerLibrary = .init()  // Implicitly @MainActor
+}
+
+final class StickerModel {
+    let photoProcessor: PhotoProcessor
+    var selection: [PhotosPickerItem]  // Implicitly @MainActor
+}
+
+extension StickerModel: Exportable {  // Implicitly @MainActor conformance
+    func export() {
+        photoProcessor.exportAsPNG()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+This mode is opt-in and recommended for apps, scripts, and other executable targets.
+
+## Core Pattern — @concurrent for Background Work
+
+When you need actual parallelism, explicitly offload with `@concurrent`:
+
+> **Important:** This example requires Approachable Concurrency build settings — SE-0466 (MainActor default isolation) and SE-0461 (NonisolatedNonsendingByDefault). With these enabled, `extractSticker` stays on the caller's actor, making mutable state access safe. **Without these settings, this code has a data race** — the compiler will flag it.
+
+```swift
+nonisolated final class PhotoProcessor {
+    private var cachedStickers: [String: Sticker] = [:]
+
+    func extractSticker(data: Data, with id: String) async -> Sticker {
+        if let sticker = cachedStickers[id] {
+            return sticker
+        }
+
+        let sticker = await Self.extractSubject(from: data)
+        cachedStickers[id] = sticker
+        return sticker
+    }
+
+    // Offload expensive work to concurrent thread pool
+    @concurrent
+    static func extractSubject(from data: Data) async -> Sticker { /* ... */ }
+}
+
+// Callers must await
+let processor = PhotoProcessor()
+processedPhotos[item.id] = await processor.extractSticker(data: data, with: item.id)
+```
+
+To use `@concurrent`:
+1. Mark the containing type as `nonisolated`
+2. Add `@concurrent` to the function
+3. Add `async` if not already asynchronous
+4. Add `await` at call sites
+
+## Key Design Decisions
+
+| Decision | Rationale |
+|----------|-----------|
+| Single-threaded by default | Most natural code is data-race free; concurrency is opt-in |
+| Async stays on calling actor | Eliminates implicit offloading that caused data-race errors |
+| Isolated conformances | MainActor types can conform to protocols without unsafe workarounds |
+| `@concurrent` explicit opt-in | Background execution is a deliberate performance choice, not accidental |
+| MainActor default inference | Reduces boilerplate `@MainActor` annotations for app targets |
+| Opt-in adoption | Non-breaking migration path — enable features incrementally |
+
+## Migration Steps
+
+1. **Enable in Xcode**: Swift Compiler > Concurrency section in Build Settings
+2. **Enable in SPM**: Use `SwiftSettings` API in package manifest
+3. **Use migration tooling**: Automatic code changes via swift.org/migration
+4. **Start with MainActor defaults**: Enable inference mode for app targets
+5. **Add `@concurrent` where needed**: Profile first, then offload hot paths
+6. **Test thoroughly**: Data-race issues become compile-time errors
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- **Start on MainActor** — write single-threaded code first, optimize later
+- **Use `@concurrent` only for CPU-intensive work** — image processing, compression, complex computation
+- **Enable MainActor inference mode** for app targets that are mostly single-threaded
+- **Profile before offloading** — use Instruments to find actual bottlenecks
+- **Protect globals with MainActor** — global/static mutable state needs actor isolation
+- **Use isolated conformances** instead of `nonisolated` workarounds or `@Sendable` wrappers
+- **Migrate incrementally** — enable features one at a time in build settings
+
+## Anti-Patterns to Avoid
+
+- Applying `@concurrent` to every async function (most don't need background execution)
+- Using `nonisolated` to suppress compiler errors without understanding isolation
+- Keeping legacy `DispatchQueue` patterns when actors provide the same safety
+- Skipping `model.availability` checks in concurrency-related Foundation Models code
+- Fighting the compiler — if it reports a data race, the code has a real concurrency issue
+- Assuming all async code runs in the background (Swift 6.2 default: stays on calling actor)
+
+## When to Use
+
+- All new Swift 6.2+ projects (Approachable Concurrency is the recommended default)
+- Migrating existing apps from Swift 5.x or 6.0/6.1 concurrency
+- Resolving data-race safety compiler errors during Xcode 26 adoption
+- Building MainActor-centric app architectures (most UI apps)
+- Performance optimization — offloading specific heavy computations to background

package/skills/ios/swift-protocol-di-testing/SKILL.md

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+---
+name: swift-protocol-di-testing
+description: Protocol-based dependency injection for testable Swift code — mock file system, network, and external APIs using focused protocols and Swift Testing.
+origin: ECC
+---
+
+# Swift Protocol-Based Dependency Injection for Testing
+
+Patterns for making Swift code testable by abstracting external dependencies (file system, network, iCloud) behind small, focused protocols. Enables deterministic tests without I/O.
+
+## When to Activate
+
+- Writing Swift code that accesses file system, network, or external APIs
+- Need to test error handling paths without triggering real failures
+- Building modules that work across environments (app, test, SwiftUI preview)
+- Designing testable architecture with Swift concurrency (actors, Sendable)
+
+## Core Pattern
+
+### 1. Define Small, Focused Protocols
+
+Each protocol handles exactly one external concern.
+
+```swift
+// File system access
+public protocol FileSystemProviding: Sendable {
+    func containerURL(for purpose: Purpose) -> URL?
+}
+
+// File read/write operations
+public protocol FileAccessorProviding: Sendable {
+    func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data
+    func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws
+    func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool
+}
+
+// Bookmark storage (e.g., for sandboxed apps)
+public protocol BookmarkStorageProviding: Sendable {
+    func saveBookmark(_ data: Data, for key: String) throws
+    func loadBookmark(for key: String) throws -> Data?
+}
+```
+
+### 2. Create Default (Production) Implementations
+
+```swift
+public struct DefaultFileSystemProvider: FileSystemProviding {
+    public init() {}
+
+    public func containerURL(for purpose: Purpose) -> URL? {
+        FileManager.default.url(forUbiquityContainerIdentifier: nil)
+    }
+}
+
+public struct DefaultFileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding {
+    public init() {}
+
+    public func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data {
+        try Data(contentsOf: url)
+    }
+
+    public func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws {
+        try data.write(to: url, options: .atomic)
+    }
+
+    public func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool {
+        FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path)
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 3. Create Mock Implementations for Testing
+
+```swift
+public final class MockFileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding, @unchecked Sendable {
+    public var files: [URL: Data] = [:]
+    public var readError: Error?
+    public var writeError: Error?
+
+    public init() {}
+
+    public func read(from url: URL) throws -> Data {
+        if let error = readError { throw error }
+        guard let data = files[url] else {
+            throw CocoaError(.fileReadNoSuchFile)
+        }
+        return data
+    }
+
+    public func write(_ data: Data, to url: URL) throws {
+        if let error = writeError { throw error }
+        files[url] = data
+    }
+
+    public func fileExists(at url: URL) -> Bool {
+        files[url] != nil
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 4. Inject Dependencies with Default Parameters
+
+Production code uses defaults; tests inject mocks.
+
+```swift
+public actor SyncManager {
+    private let fileSystem: FileSystemProviding
+    private let fileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding
+
+    public init(
+        fileSystem: FileSystemProviding = DefaultFileSystemProvider(),
+        fileAccessor: FileAccessorProviding = DefaultFileAccessor()
+    ) {
+        self.fileSystem = fileSystem
+        self.fileAccessor = fileAccessor
+    }
+
+    public func sync() async throws {
+        guard let containerURL = fileSystem.containerURL(for: .sync) else {
+            throw SyncError.containerNotAvailable
+        }
+        let data = try fileAccessor.read(
+            from: containerURL.appendingPathComponent("data.json")
+        )
+        // Process data...
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### 5. Write Tests with Swift Testing
+
+```swift
+import Testing
+
+@Test("Sync manager handles missing container")
+func testMissingContainer() async {
+    let mockFileSystem = MockFileSystemProvider(containerURL: nil)
+    let manager = SyncManager(fileSystem: mockFileSystem)
+
+    await #expect(throws: SyncError.containerNotAvailable) {
+        try await manager.sync()
+    }
+}
+
+@Test("Sync manager reads data correctly")
+func testReadData() async throws {
+    let mockFileAccessor = MockFileAccessor()
+    mockFileAccessor.files[testURL] = testData
+
+    let manager = SyncManager(fileAccessor: mockFileAccessor)
+    let result = try await manager.loadData()
+
+    #expect(result == expectedData)
+}
+
+@Test("Sync manager handles read errors gracefully")
+func testReadError() async {
+    let mockFileAccessor = MockFileAccessor()
+    mockFileAccessor.readError = CocoaError(.fileReadCorruptFile)
+
+    let manager = SyncManager(fileAccessor: mockFileAccessor)
+
+    await #expect(throws: SyncError.self) {
+        try await manager.sync()
+    }
+}
+```
+
+## Best Practices
+
+- **Single Responsibility**: Each protocol should handle one concern — don't create "god protocols" with many methods
+- **Sendable conformance**: Required when protocols are used across actor boundaries
+- **Default parameters**: Let production code use real implementations by default; only tests need to specify mocks
+- **Error simulation**: Design mocks with configurable error properties for testing failure paths
+- **Only mock boundaries**: Mock external dependencies (file system, network, APIs), not internal types
+
+## Anti-Patterns to Avoid
+
+- Creating a single large protocol that covers all external access
+- Mocking internal types that have no external dependencies
+- Using `#if DEBUG` conditionals instead of proper dependency injection
+- Forgetting `Sendable` conformance when used with actors
+- Over-engineering: if a type has no external dependencies, it doesn't need a protocol
+
+## When to Use
+
+- Any Swift code that touches file system, network, or external APIs
+- Testing error handling paths that are hard to trigger in real environments
+- Building modules that need to work in app, test, and SwiftUI preview contexts
+- Apps using Swift concurrency (actors, structured concurrency) that need testable architecture