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----
-title: "Slime — RL post-training for LLMs with Megatron and SGLang"
-sidebar_label: "Slime"
-description: "RL post-training for LLMs with Megatron and SGLang"
----
-
-{/* This page is auto-generated from the skill's SKILL.md by website/scripts/generate-skill-docs.py. Edit the source SKILL.md, not this page. */}
-
-# Slime
-
-RL post-training for LLMs with Megatron and SGLang.
-
-## Skill metadata
-
-| | |
-|---|---|
-| Source | Optional — install with `hermes skills install official/mlops/slime` |
-| Path | `optional-skills/mlops\slime` |
-| Version | `1.0.0` |
-| Author | Orchestra Research |
-| License | MIT |
-| Dependencies | `sglang-router>=0.2.3`, `ray`, `torch>=2.0.0`, `transformers>=4.40.0` |
-| Platforms | linux, macos |
-| Tags | `Reinforcement Learning`, `Megatron-LM`, `SGLang`, `GRPO`, `Post-Training`, `GLM` |
-
-## Reference: full SKILL.md
-
-:::info
-The following is the complete skill definition that Hermes loads when this skill is triggered. This is what the agent sees as instructions when the skill is active.
-:::
-
-# slime: LLM Post-Training Framework for RL Scaling
-
-slime is an LLM post-training framework from Tsinghua's THUDM team, powering GLM-4.5, GLM-4.6, and GLM-4.7. It connects Megatron-LM for training with SGLang for high-throughput rollout generation.
-
-## When to Use slime
-
-**Choose slime when you need:**
-- Megatron-LM native training with SGLang inference
-- Custom data generation workflows with flexible data buffers
-- Training GLM, Qwen3, DeepSeek V3, or Llama 3 models
-- Research-grade framework with production backing (Z.ai)
-
-**Consider alternatives when:**
-- You need enterprise-grade stability features → use **miles**
-- You want flexible backend swapping → use **verl**
-- You need PyTorch-native abstractions → use **torchforge**
-
-## Key Features
-
-- **Training**: Megatron-LM with full parallelism support (TP, PP, DP, SP)
-- **Rollout**: SGLang-based high-throughput generation with router
-- **Data Buffer**: Flexible prompt management and sample storage
-- **Models**: GLM-4.x, Qwen3, DeepSeek V3/R1, Llama 3
-
-## Architecture Overview
-
-<!-- ascii-guard-ignore -->
-```
-┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
-│                    Data Buffer                          │
-│ - Prompt initialization and management                  │
-│ - Custom data generation and filtering                  │
-│ - Rollout sample storage                                │
-└─────────────┬───────────────────────────┬───────────────┘
-              │                           │
-┌─────────────▼───────────┐ ┌─────────────▼───────────────┐
-│ Training (Megatron-LM)  │ │ Rollout (SGLang + Router)   │
-│ - Actor model training  │ │ - Response generation       │
-│ - Critic (optional)     │ │ - Reward/verifier output    │
-│ - Weight sync to rollout│ │ - Multi-turn support        │
-└─────────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────────────┘
-```
-<!-- ascii-guard-ignore-end -->
-
-## Installation
-
-```bash
-# Recommended: Docker
-docker pull slimerl/slime:latest
-docker run --rm --gpus all --ipc=host --shm-size=16g \
-  -it slimerl/slime:latest /bin/bash
-
-# Inside container
-cd /root/slime && pip install -e . --no-deps
-```
-
-### From Source
-
-```bash
-git clone https://github.com/THUDM/slime.git
-cd slime
-pip install -r requirements.txt
-pip install -e .
-```
-
-## Quick Start: GRPO Training
-
-```bash
-# Source model configuration
-source scripts/models/qwen3-4B.sh
-
-# Launch training
-python train.py \
-    --actor-num-nodes 1 \
-    --actor-num-gpus-per-node 4 \
-    --rollout-num-gpus 4 \
-    --advantage-estimator grpo \
-    --use-kl-loss --kl-loss-coef 0.001 \
-    --rollout-batch-size 32 \
-    --n-samples-per-prompt 8 \
-    --global-batch-size 256 \
-    --num-rollout 3000 \
-    --prompt-data /path/to/data.jsonl \
-    ${MODEL_ARGS[@]} ${CKPT_ARGS[@]}
-```
-
----
-
-## Workflow 1: Standard GRPO Training
-
-Use this workflow for training reasoning models with group-relative advantages.
-
-### Prerequisites Checklist
-- [ ] Docker environment or Megatron-LM + SGLang installed
-- [ ] Model checkpoint (HuggingFace or Megatron format)
-- [ ] Training data in JSONL format
-
-### Step 1: Prepare Data
-
-```python
-# data.jsonl format
-{"prompt": "What is 2 + 2?", "label": "4"}
-{"prompt": "Solve: 3x = 12", "label": "x = 4"}
-```
-
-Or with chat format:
-```python
-{
-    "prompt": [
-        {"role": "system", "content": "You are a math tutor."},
-        {"role": "user", "content": "What is 15 + 27?"}
-    ],
-    "label": "42"
-}
-```
-
-### Step 2: Configure Model
-
-Choose a pre-configured model script:
-
-```bash
-# List available models
-ls scripts/models/
-# glm4-9B.sh, qwen3-4B.sh, qwen3-30B-A3B.sh, deepseek-v3.sh, llama3-8B.sh, ...
-
-# Source your model
-source scripts/models/qwen3-4B.sh
-```
-
-### Step 3: Launch Training
-
-```bash
-python train.py \
-    --actor-num-nodes 1 \
-    --actor-num-gpus-per-node 8 \
-    --rollout-num-gpus 8 \
-    --advantage-estimator grpo \
-    --use-kl-loss \
-    --kl-loss-coef 0.001 \
-    --prompt-data /path/to/train.jsonl \
-    --input-key prompt \
-    --label-key label \
-    --apply-chat-template \
-    --rollout-batch-size 32 \
-    --n-samples-per-prompt 8 \
-    --global-batch-size 256 \
-    --num-rollout 3000 \
-    --save-interval 100 \
-    --eval-interval 50 \
-    ${MODEL_ARGS[@]}
-```
-
-### Step 4: Monitor Training
-- [ ] Check TensorBoard: `tensorboard --logdir outputs/`
-- [ ] Verify reward curves are increasing
-- [ ] Monitor GPU utilization across nodes
-
----
-
-## Workflow 2: Asynchronous Training
-
-Use async mode for higher throughput by overlapping rollout and training.
-
-### When to Use Async
-- Large models with long generation times
-- High GPU idle time in synchronous mode
-- Sufficient memory for buffering
-
-### Launch Async Training
-
-```bash
-python train_async.py \
-    --actor-num-nodes 1 \
-    --actor-num-gpus-per-node 8 \
-    --rollout-num-gpus 8 \
-    --advantage-estimator grpo \
-    --async-buffer-size 4 \
-    --prompt-data /path/to/train.jsonl \
-    ${MODEL_ARGS[@]}
-```
-
-### Async-Specific Parameters
-
-```bash
---async-buffer-size 4        # Number of rollouts to buffer
---update-weights-interval 2  # Sync weights every N rollouts
-```
-
----
-
-## Workflow 3: Multi-Turn Agentic Training
-
-Use this workflow for training agents with tool use or multi-step reasoning.
-
-### Prerequisites
-- [ ] Custom generate function for multi-turn logic
-- [ ] Tool/environment interface
-
-### Step 1: Define Custom Generate Function
-
-```python
-# custom_generate.py
-async def custom_generate(args, samples, evaluation=False):
-    """Multi-turn generation with tool calling."""
-    for sample in samples:
-        conversation = sample.prompt
-
-        for turn in range(args.max_turns):
-            # Generate response
-            response = await generate_single(conversation)
-
-            # Check for tool call
-            tool_call = extract_tool_call(response)
-            if tool_call:
-                tool_result = execute_tool(tool_call)
-                conversation.append({"role": "assistant", "content": response})
-                conversation.append({"role": "tool", "content": tool_result})
-            else:
-                break
-
-        sample.response = response
-        sample.reward = compute_reward(sample)
-
-    return samples
-```
-
-### Step 2: Launch with Custom Function
-
-```bash
-python train.py \
-    --custom-generate-function-path custom_generate.py \
-    --max-turns 5 \
-    --prompt-data /path/to/agent_data.jsonl \
-    ${MODEL_ARGS[@]}
-```
-
-See `examples/search-r1/` for a complete multi-turn search example.
-
----
-
-## Configuration Reference
-
-### Three Argument Categories
-
-slime uses three types of arguments:
-
-**1. Megatron Arguments** (passed directly):
-```bash
---tensor-model-parallel-size 2
---pipeline-model-parallel-size 1
---num-layers 32
---hidden-size 4096
-```
-
-**2. SGLang Arguments** (prefixed with `--sglang-`):
-```bash
---sglang-mem-fraction-static 0.8
---sglang-context-length 8192
---sglang-log-level INFO
-```
-
-**3. slime Arguments**:
-```bash
-# Resource allocation
---actor-num-nodes 1
---actor-num-gpus-per-node 8
---rollout-num-gpus 8
---colocate  # Share GPUs between training/inference
-
-# Data
---prompt-data /path/to/data.jsonl
---input-key prompt
---label-key label
-
-# Training loop
---num-rollout 3000
---rollout-batch-size 32
---n-samples-per-prompt 8
---global-batch-size 256
-
-# Algorithm
---advantage-estimator grpo  # or: gspo, ppo, reinforce_plus_plus
---use-kl-loss
---kl-loss-coef 0.001
-```
-
-### Key Constraints
-
-```
-rollout_batch_size × n_samples_per_prompt = global_batch_size × num_steps_per_rollout
-```
-
-Example: 32 × 8 = 256 × 1
-
----
-
-## Data Buffer System
-
-slime's data buffer enables flexible data management:
-
-### Basic Data Source
-
-```python
-class RolloutDataSource:
-    def get_samples(self, num_samples):
-        """Fetch prompts from dataset."""
-        return self.dataset.sample(num_samples)
-
-    def add_samples(self, samples):
-        """Called after generation (no-op by default)."""
-        pass
-```
-
-### Buffered Data Source (Off-Policy)
-
-```python
-class RolloutDataSourceWithBuffer(RolloutDataSource):
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.buffer = []
-
-    def add_samples(self, samples):
-        """Store generated samples for reuse."""
-        self.buffer.extend(samples)
-
-    def buffer_filter(self, args, buffer, num_samples):
-        """Custom selection logic (prioritized, stratified, etc.)."""
-        return select_best(buffer, num_samples)
-```
-
----
-
-## Common Issues and Solutions
-
-### Issue: SGLang Engine Crash
-
-**Symptoms**: Inference engine dies mid-training
-
-**Solutions**:
-```bash
-# Enable fault tolerance
---use-fault-tolerance
-
-# Increase memory allocation
---sglang-mem-fraction-static 0.85
-
-# Reduce batch size
---rollout-batch-size 16
-```
-
-### Issue: Weight Sync Timeout
-
-**Symptoms**: Training hangs after rollout
-
-**Solutions**:
-```bash
-# Increase sync interval
---update-weights-interval 5
-
-# Use colocated mode (no network transfer)
---colocate
-```
-
-### Issue: OOM During Training
-
-**Symptoms**: CUDA OOM in backward pass
-
-**Solutions**:
-```bash
-# Enable gradient checkpointing
---recompute-activations
-
-# Reduce micro-batch size
---micro-batch-size 1
-
-# Enable sequence parallelism
---sequence-parallel
-```
-
-### Issue: Slow Data Loading
-
-**Symptoms**: GPU idle during data fetch
-
-**Solutions**:
-```bash
-# Increase data workers
---num-data-workers 4
-
-# Use streaming dataset
---streaming-data
-```
-
----
-
-## Supported Models
-
-| Model Family | Configurations |
-|--------------|----------------|
-| GLM | GLM-4.5, GLM-4.6, GLM-4.7, GLM-Z1-9B |
-| Qwen | Qwen3 (4B, 8B, 30B-A3B), Qwen3-MoE, Qwen2.5 |
-| DeepSeek | V3, V3.1, R1 |
-| Llama | Llama 3 (8B, 70B) |
-| Others | Kimi K2, Moonlight-16B |
-
-Each model has pre-configured scripts in `scripts/models/`.
-
----
-
-## Advanced Topics
-
-### Co-location Mode
-
-Share GPUs between training and inference to reduce memory:
-
-```bash
-python train.py \
-    --colocate \
-    --actor-num-gpus-per-node 8 \
-    --sglang-mem-fraction-static 0.4 \
-    ${MODEL_ARGS[@]}
-```
-
-### Custom Reward Model
-
-```python
-# custom_rm.py
-class CustomRewardModel:
-    def __init__(self, model_path):
-        self.model = load_model(model_path)
-
-    def compute_reward(self, prompts, responses):
-        inputs = self.tokenize(prompts, responses)
-        scores = self.model(inputs)
-        return scores.tolist()
-```
-
-```bash
---custom-rm-path custom_rm.py
-```
-
-### Evaluation Multi-Task
-
-```bash
---eval-prompt-data aime /path/to/aime.jsonl \
---eval-prompt-data gsm8k /path/to/gsm8k.jsonl \
---n-samples-per-eval-prompt 16
-```
-
----
-
-## Resources
-
-- **Documentation**: https://thudm.github.io/slime/
-- **GitHub**: https://github.com/THUDM/slime
-- **Blog**: https://lmsys.org/blog/2025-07-09-slime/
-- **Examples**: See `examples/` directory for 14+ worked examples