better-dsh 0.2.4 → 0.2.5-a

package/docs/80_upstream-docs-and-skills/hermes-dev-skill/src/docs/developer-guide/agent-loop.md

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+---
+sidebar_position: 3
+title: "Agent Loop Internals"
+description: "Detailed walkthrough of AIAgent execution, API modes, tools, callbacks, and fallback behavior"
+---
+
+# Agent Loop Internals
+
+The core orchestration engine is the `AIAgent` class. `run_agent.py` is now a thin facade: the loop itself lives in `agent/conversation_loop.py`, each turn phase in `agent/turn_*.py` (iteration prep, API call, API error, overflow, truncation, recovery), constructor wiring in `agent/agent_init.py`, and everything from prompt assembly to tool dispatch to provider failover in focused `agent/*.py` modules mixed into `AIAgent`.
+
+## Core Responsibilities
+
+`AIAgent` is responsible for:
+
+- Assembling the effective system prompt and tool schemas via `prompt_builder.py`
+- Selecting the correct provider/API mode (chat_completions, codex_responses, anthropic_messages)
+- Making interruptible model calls with cancellation support
+- Executing tool calls (sequentially or concurrently via thread pool)
+- Maintaining conversation history in OpenAI message format
+- Handling compression, retries, and fallback model switching
+- Tracking iteration budgets across parent and child agents
+- Flushing persistent memory before context is lost
+
+## Two Entry Points
+
+```python
+# Simple interface — returns final response string
+response = agent.chat("Fix the bug in main.py")
+
+# Full interface — returns dict with messages, metadata, usage stats
+result = agent.run_conversation(
+    user_message="Fix the bug in main.py",
+    system_message=None,           # auto-built if omitted
+    conversation_history=None,      # auto-loaded from session if omitted
+    task_id="task_abc123"
+)
+```
+
+`chat()` is a thin wrapper around `run_conversation()` that extracts the `final_response` field from the result dict.
+
+## API Modes
+
+Hermes supports three API execution modes, resolved from provider selection, explicit args, and base URL heuristics:
+
+| API mode | Used for | Client type |
+|----------|----------|-------------|
+| `chat_completions` | OpenAI-compatible endpoints (OpenRouter, custom, most providers) | `openai.OpenAI` |
+| `codex_responses` | OpenAI Codex / Responses API | `openai.OpenAI` with Responses format |
+| `anthropic_messages` | Native Anthropic Messages API | `anthropic.Anthropic` via adapter |
+
+The mode determines how messages are formatted, how tool calls are structured, how responses are parsed, and how caching/streaming works. All three converge on the same internal message format (OpenAI-style `role`/`content`/`tool_calls` dicts) before and after API calls.
+
+**Mode resolution order:**
+1. Explicit `api_mode` constructor arg (highest priority)
+2. Provider-specific detection (e.g., `anthropic` provider → `anthropic_messages`)
+3. Base URL heuristics (e.g., `api.anthropic.com` → `anthropic_messages`)
+4. Default: `chat_completions`
+
+## Turn Lifecycle
+
+Each iteration of the agent loop follows this sequence:
+
+```text
+run_conversation()
+  1. Generate task_id if not provided
+  2. Append user message to conversation history
+  3. Build or reuse cached system prompt (prompt_builder.py)
+  4. Check if preflight compression is needed (>50% context)
+  5. Build API messages from conversation history
+     - chat_completions: OpenAI format as-is
+     - codex_responses: convert to Responses API input items
+     - anthropic_messages: convert via anthropic_adapter.py
+  6. Inject ephemeral prompt layers (budget warnings, context pressure)
+  7. Apply prompt caching markers if on Anthropic
+  8. Make interruptible API call (_interruptible_api_call)
+  9. Parse response:
+     - If tool_calls: execute them, append results, loop back to step 5
+     - If text response: persist session, flush memory if needed, return
+```
+
+### Message Format
+
+All messages use OpenAI-compatible format internally:
+
+```python
+{"role": "system", "content": "..."}
+{"role": "user", "content": "..."}
+{"role": "assistant", "content": "...", "tool_calls": [...]}
+{"role": "tool", "tool_call_id": "...", "content": "..."}
+```
+
+Reasoning content (from models that support extended thinking) is stored in `assistant_msg["reasoning"]` and optionally displayed via the `reasoning_callback`.
+
+### Message Alternation Rules
+
+The agent loop enforces strict message role alternation:
+
+- After the system message: `User → Assistant → User → Assistant → ...`
+- During tool calling: `Assistant (with tool_calls) → Tool → Tool → ... → Assistant`
+- **Never** two assistant messages in a row
+- **Never** two user messages in a row
+- **Only** `tool` role can have consecutive entries (parallel tool results)
+
+Providers validate these sequences and will reject malformed histories.
+
+## Interruptible API Calls
+
+API requests are wrapped in `_interruptible_api_call()` which runs the actual HTTP call in a background thread while monitoring an interrupt event:
+
+```text
+┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│  Main thread                  API thread           │
+│                                                    │
+│   wait on:                     HTTP POST           │
+│    - response ready     ───▶   to provider         │
+│    - interrupt event                               │
+│    - timeout                                       │
+└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+When interrupted (user sends new message, `/stop` command, or signal):
+- The API thread is abandoned (response discarded)
+- The agent can process the new input or shut down cleanly
+- No partial response is injected into conversation history
+
+## Tool Execution
+
+### Sequential vs Concurrent
+
+When the model returns tool calls:
+
+- **Single tool call** → executed directly in the main thread
+- **Multiple tool calls** → executed concurrently via `ThreadPoolExecutor`
+  - Exception: tools marked as interactive (e.g., `clarify`) force sequential execution
+  - Results are reinserted in the original tool call order regardless of completion order
+
+### Execution Flow
+
+```text
+for each tool_call in response.tool_calls:
+    1. Resolve handler from tools/registry.py
+    2. Fire pre_tool_call plugin hook
+    3. Check if dangerous command (tools/approval.py)
+       - If dangerous: invoke approval_callback, wait for user
+    4. Execute handler with args + task_id
+    5. Fire post_tool_call plugin hook
+    6. Append {"role": "tool", "content": result} to history
+```
+
+### Agent-Level Tools
+
+Some tools are intercepted by `agent/tool_executor.py` (called from `agent/conversation_loop.py`) *before* reaching `handle_function_call()`:
+
+| Tool | Why intercepted |
+|------|--------------------|
+| `todo` | Reads/writes agent-local task state |
+| `memory` | Writes to persistent memory files with character limits |
+| `session_search` | Queries session history via the agent's session DB |
+| `delegate_task` | Spawns subagent(s) with isolated context |
+
+These tools modify agent state directly and return synthetic tool results without going through the registry.
+
+## Callback Surfaces
+
+`AIAgent` supports platform-specific callbacks that enable real-time progress in the CLI, gateway, and ACP integrations:
+
+| Callback | When fired | Used by |
+|----------|-----------|---------|
+| `tool_progress_callback` | Before/after each tool execution | CLI spinner, gateway progress messages |
+| `thinking_callback` | When model starts/stops thinking | CLI "thinking..." indicator |
+| `reasoning_callback` | When model returns reasoning content | CLI reasoning display, gateway reasoning blocks |
+| `clarify_callback` | When `clarify` tool is called | CLI input prompt, gateway interactive message |
+| `step_callback` | After each complete agent turn | Gateway step tracking, ACP progress |
+| `stream_delta_callback` | Each streaming token (when enabled) | CLI streaming display |
+| `tool_gen_callback` | When tool call is parsed from stream | CLI tool preview in spinner |
+| `status_callback` | State changes (thinking, executing, etc.) | ACP status updates |
+
+## Budget and Fallback Behavior
+
+### Iteration Budget
+
+The agent tracks iterations via `IterationBudget`:
+
+- Default: 500 iterations (configurable via `agent.max_turns`)
+- Each agent gets its own budget. Subagents get independent budgets capped at `delegation.max_iterations` (default 50) — total iterations across parent + subagents can exceed the parent's cap
+- At 100%, the agent stops and returns a summary of work done
+
+### Fallback Model
+
+When the primary model fails (429 rate limit, 5xx server error, 401/403 auth error):
+
+1. Check `fallback_providers` list in config
+2. Try each fallback in order
+3. On success, continue the conversation with the new provider
+4. On 401/403, attempt credential refresh before failing over
+
+The fallback system also covers auxiliary tasks independently — vision, compression, and web extraction each have their own fallback chain configurable via the `auxiliary.*` config section.
+
+## Compression and Persistence
+
+### When Compression Triggers
+
+- **Preflight** (before API call): If conversation exceeds 50% of model's context window
+- **Gateway auto-compression**: If conversation exceeds 85% (more aggressive, runs between turns)
+
+### What Happens During Compression
+
+1. Memory is flushed to disk first (preventing data loss)
+2. Middle conversation turns are summarized into a compact summary
+3. The last N messages are preserved intact (`compression.protect_last_n`, default: 20)
+4. Tool call/result message pairs are kept together (never split)
+5. A new session lineage ID is generated (compression creates a "child" session)
+
+### Session Persistence
+
+After each turn:
+- Messages are saved to the session store (SQLite via `hermes_state.py`)
+- Memory changes are flushed to `MEMORY.md` / `USER.md`
+- The session can be resumed later via `/resume` or `hermes chat --resume`
+
+## Key Source Files
+
+| File | Purpose |
+|------|---------|
+| `run_agent.py` | `AIAgent` facade — public entry points; loop and turn phases live in `agent/` |
+| `agent/conversation_loop.py` | The agent loop (`run_conversation()` body) |
+| `agent/turn_*.py` | Turn phases: iteration_prep, api_call, api_error, overflow, truncation, recovery |
+| `agent/tool_executor.py` | Tool-call execution and agent-level tool interception |
+| `agent/prompt_builder.py` | System prompt assembly from memory, skills, context files, personality |
+| `agent/context_engine.py` | ContextEngine ABC — pluggable context management |
+| `agent/context_compressor.py` | Default engine — lossy summarization algorithm |
+| `agent/prompt_caching.py` | Anthropic prompt caching markers and cache metrics |
+| `agent/auxiliary_client.py` | Auxiliary LLM client for side tasks (vision, summarization) |
+| `model_tools.py` | Tool schema collection, `handle_function_call()` dispatch |
+
+## Related Docs
+
+- [Provider Runtime Resolution](./provider-runtime.md)
+- [Prompt Assembly](./prompt-assembly.md)
+- [Context Compression & Prompt Caching](./context-compression-and-caching.md)
+- [Tools Runtime](./tools-runtime.md)
+- [Architecture Overview](./architecture.md)

package/docs/80_upstream-docs-and-skills/hermes-dev-skill/src/docs/developer-guide/architecture.md

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+---
+sidebar_position: 1
+title: "Architecture"
+description: "Hermes Agent internals — major subsystems, execution paths, data flow, and where to read next"
+---
+
+# Architecture
+
+This page is the top-level map of Hermes Agent internals. Use it to orient yourself in the codebase, then dive into subsystem-specific docs for implementation details.
+
+## System Overview
+
+```text
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                        Entry Points                                  │
+│                                                                      │
+│  CLI (cli.py)    Gateway (gateway/run.py)    ACP (acp_adapter/)     │
+│  Batch Runner    API Server                  Python Library          │
+└──────────┬──────────────┬───────────────────────┬───────────────────┘
+           │              │                       │
+           ▼              ▼                       ▼
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                     AIAgent (run_agent.py)                          │
+│                                                                     │
+│  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐               │
+│  │ Prompt       │  │ Provider     │  │ Tool         │               │
+│  │ Builder      │  │ Resolution   │  │ Dispatch     │               │
+│  │ (prompt_     │  │ (runtime_    │  │ (model_      │               │
+│  │  builder.py) │  │  provider.py)│  │  tools.py)   │               │
+│  └──────┬───────┘  └──────┬───────┘  └──────┬───────┘               │
+│         │                 │                 │                       │
+│  ┌──────┴───────┐  ┌──────┴───────┐  ┌──────┴───────┐               │
+│  │ Compression  │  │ 3 API Modes  │  │ Tool Registry│               │
+│  │ & Caching    │  │ chat_compl.  │  │ (registry.py)│               │
+│  │              │  │ codex_resp.  │  │ 70+ tools    │               │
+│  │              │  │ anthropic    │  │ 28 toolsets  │               │
+│  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘               │
+└─────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────┴───────────────────────┘
+           │                                    │
+           ▼                                    ▼
+┌───────────────────┐              ┌──────────────────────┐
+│ Session Storage   │              │ Tool Backends         │
+│ (SQLite + FTS5)   │              │ Terminal (7 backends) │
+│ hermes_state.py   │              │ Browser (5 backends)  │
+│ gateway/session.py│              │ Web (4 backends)      │
+└───────────────────┘              │ MCP (dynamic)         │
+                                   │ File, Vision, etc.    │
+                                   └──────────────────────┘
+```
+
+## Directory Structure
+
+```text
+hermes-agent/
+├── run_agent.py              # AIAgent facade — loop lives in agent/conversation_loop.py + agent/turn_*.py
+├── cli.py                    # HermesCLI facade — mixins in hermes_cli/cli_*_mixin.py
+├── model_tools.py            # Tool discovery, schema collection, dispatch
+├── toolsets.py               # Tool groupings and platform presets
+├── hermes_state.py           # SQLite session/state database facade (+ hermes_state_*.py siblings)
+├── hermes_constants.py       # HERMES_HOME, profile-aware paths
+├── batch_runner.py           # Batch trajectory generation
+│
+├── agent/                    # Agent internals
+│   ├── prompt_builder.py     # System prompt assembly
+│   ├── context_engine.py     # ContextEngine ABC (pluggable)
+│   ├── context_compressor.py # Default engine — lossy summarization
+│   ├── prompt_caching.py     # Anthropic prompt caching
+│   ├── auxiliary_client.py   # Auxiliary LLM for side tasks (vision, summarization)
+│   ├── model_metadata.py     # Model context lengths, token estimation
+│   ├── models_dev.py         # models.dev registry integration
+│   ├── anthropic_adapter.py  # Anthropic Messages API format conversion
+│   ├── display.py            # KawaiiSpinner, tool preview formatting
+│   ├── skill_commands.py     # Skill slash commands
+│   ├── memory_manager.py    # Memory manager orchestration
+│   ├── memory_provider.py   # Memory provider ABC
+│   └── trajectory.py         # Trajectory saving helpers
+│
+├── hermes_cli/               # CLI subcommands and setup
+│   ├── main.py               # Entry point — `hermes` subcommands (parsers in subcommands/, main_*.py)
+│   ├── config.py             # DEFAULT_CONFIG, OPTIONAL_ENV_VARS, migration
+│   ├── commands.py           # COMMAND_REGISTRY — central slash command definitions
+│   ├── auth.py               # PROVIDER_REGISTRY, credential resolution (+ auth_*.py siblings)
+│   ├── runtime_provider.py   # Provider → api_mode + credentials
+│   ├── models.py             # Model catalog, provider model lists
+│   ├── model_switch.py       # /model command logic (CLI + gateway shared)
+│   ├── setup.py              # Interactive setup wizard (+ setup_*.py siblings)
+│   ├── skin_engine.py        # CLI theming engine
+│   ├── skills_config.py      # hermes skills — enable/disable per platform
+│   ├── skills_hub.py         # /skills slash command
+│   ├── tools_config.py       # hermes tools — enable/disable per platform
+│   ├── plugins.py            # PluginManager — discovery, loading, hooks
+│   ├── callbacks.py          # Terminal callbacks (clarify, sudo, approval)
+│   └── gateway.py            # hermes gateway start/stop
+│
+├── tools/                    # Tool implementations (one file per tool)
+│   ├── registry.py           # Central tool registry
+│   ├── approval.py           # Dangerous command detection
+│   ├── terminal_tool.py      # Terminal orchestration
+│   ├── process_registry.py   # Background process management
+│   ├── file_tools.py         # read_file, write_file, patch, search_files
+│   ├── web_tools.py          # web_search, web_extract
+│   ├── browser_tool.py       # Browser automation tools facade (+ browser_tool_*.py siblings)
+│   ├── code_execution_tool.py # execute_code sandbox
+│   ├── delegate_tool.py      # Subagent delegation
+│   ├── mcp_tool.py           # MCP client facade (+ mcp_tool_*.py siblings)
+│   ├── credential_files.py   # File-based credential passthrough
+│   ├── env_passthrough.py    # Env var passthrough for sandboxes
+│   ├── ansi_strip.py         # ANSI escape stripping
+│   └── environments/         # Terminal backends (local, docker, ssh, modal, daytona, singularity)
+│
+├── gateway/                  # Messaging platform gateway
+│   ├── run.py                # GatewayRunner facade — message dispatch (+ run_*.py siblings)
+│   ├── session.py            # SessionStore — conversation persistence
+│   ├── delivery.py           # Outbound message delivery
+│   ├── pairing.py            # DM pairing authorization
+│   ├── hooks.py              # Hook discovery and lifecycle events
+│   ├── mirror.py             # Cross-session message mirroring
+│   ├── status.py             # Token locks, profile-scoped process tracking
+│   ├── builtin_hooks/        # Extension point for always-registered hooks (none shipped)
+│   └── platforms/            # Built-in adapters: signal, weixin, bluebubbles,
+│                             #   qqbot, whatsapp_cloud, yuanbao, webhook, api_server
+│
+├── plugins/platforms/        # Bundled platform plugins: telegram, discord, slack,
+│                             #   whatsapp, matrix, mattermost, email, sms, dingtalk,
+│                             #   feishu, wecom, homeassistant, irc, line, teams,
+│                             #   google_chat, buzz, ntfy, photon, raft, simplex
+│
+├── acp_adapter/              # ACP server (VS Code / Zed / JetBrains)
+├── cron/                     # Scheduler (jobs.py, scheduler.py)
+├── plugins/memory/           # Memory provider plugins
+├── plugins/context_engine/   # Context engine plugins
+├── skills/                   # Bundled skills (always available)
+├── optional-skills/          # Official optional skills (install explicitly)
+├── website/                  # Docusaurus documentation site
+└── tests/                    # Pytest suite (~25,000 tests across ~1,250 files)
+```
+
+## Data Flow
+
+### CLI Session
+
+```text
+User input → HermesCLI.process_input()
+  → AIAgent.run_conversation()
+    → prompt_builder.build_system_prompt()
+    → runtime_provider.resolve_runtime_provider()
+    → API call (chat_completions / codex_responses / anthropic_messages)
+    → tool_calls? → model_tools.handle_function_call() → loop
+    → final response → display → save to SessionDB
+```
+
+### Gateway Message
+
+```text
+Platform event → Adapter.on_message() → MessageEvent
+  → GatewayRunner._handle_message()
+    → authorize user
+    → resolve session key
+    → create AIAgent with session history
+    → AIAgent.run_conversation()
+    → deliver response back through adapter
+```
+
+### Cron Job
+
+```text
+Scheduler tick → load due jobs from jobs.json
+  → create fresh AIAgent (no history)
+  → inject attached skills as context
+  → run job prompt
+  → deliver response to target platform
+  → update job state and next_run
+```
+
+## Recommended Reading Order
+
+If you are new to the codebase:
+
+1. **This page** — orient yourself
+2. **[Agent Loop Internals](./agent-loop.md)** — how AIAgent works
+3. **[Prompt Assembly](./prompt-assembly.md)** — system prompt construction
+4. **[Provider Runtime Resolution](./provider-runtime.md)** — how providers are selected
+5. **[Adding Providers](./adding-providers.md)** — practical guide to adding a new provider
+6. **[Tools Runtime](./tools-runtime.md)** — tool registry, dispatch, environments
+7. **[Session Storage](./session-storage.md)** — SQLite schema, FTS5, session lineage
+8. **[Gateway Internals](./gateway-internals.md)** — messaging platform gateway
+9. **[Context Compression & Prompt Caching](./context-compression-and-caching.md)** — compression and caching
+10. **[ACP Internals](./acp-internals.md)** — IDE integration
+
+## Major Subsystems
+
+### Agent Loop
+
+The synchronous orchestration engine (`AIAgent`, exposed by the `run_agent.py` facade; the loop lives in `agent/conversation_loop.py` and `agent/turn_*.py`). Handles provider selection, prompt construction, tool execution, retries, fallback, callbacks, compression, and persistence. Supports three API modes for different provider backends.
+
+→ [Agent Loop Internals](./agent-loop.md)
+
+### Prompt System
+
+Prompt construction and maintenance across the conversation lifecycle:
+
+- **`system_prompt.py` + `prompt_builder.py`** — assembles the ordered system-prompt tiers (`stable` → `context` → `volatile`): identity/tool guidance/skills, context files, then memory/profile/timestamp blocks
+- **`prompt_caching.py`** — Applies Anthropic cache breakpoints for prefix caching
+- **`context_compressor.py`** — Summarizes middle conversation turns when context exceeds thresholds
+
+→ [Prompt Assembly](./prompt-assembly.md), [Context Compression & Prompt Caching](./context-compression-and-caching.md)
+
+### Provider Resolution
+
+A shared runtime resolver used by CLI, gateway, cron, ACP, and auxiliary calls. Maps `(provider, model)` tuples to `(api_mode, api_key, base_url)`. Handles 18+ providers, OAuth flows, credential pools, and alias resolution.
+
+→ [Provider Runtime Resolution](./provider-runtime.md)
+
+### Tool System
+
+Central tool registry (`tools/registry.py`) with 70+ registered tools across ~28 toolsets. Each tool file self-registers at import time. The registry handles schema collection, dispatch, availability checking, and error wrapping. Terminal tools support 7 backends (local, Docker, SSH, Daytona, Modal, Singularity, Vercel Sandbox).
+
+→ [Tools Runtime](./tools-runtime.md)
+
+### Session Persistence
+
+SQLite-based session storage with FTS5 full-text search. Sessions have lineage tracking (parent/child across compressions), per-platform isolation, and atomic writes with contention handling.
+
+→ [Session Storage](./session-storage.md)
+
+### Messaging Gateway
+
+Long-running process with 25+ platform adapters (built-in + bundled plugins), unified session routing, user authorization (allowlists + DM pairing), slash command dispatch, hook system, cron ticking, and background maintenance.
+
+→ [Gateway Internals](./gateway-internals.md)
+
+### Plugin System
+
+Three discovery sources: `~/.hermes/plugins/` (user), `.hermes/plugins/` (project), and pip entry points. Plugins register tools, hooks, and CLI commands through a context API. Two specialized plugin types exist: memory providers (`plugins/memory/`) and context engines (`plugins/context_engine/`). Both are single-select — only one of each can be active at a time, configured via `hermes plugins` or `config.yaml`.
+
+→ [Plugin Guide](/developer-guide/plugins), [Memory Provider Plugin](./memory-provider-plugin.md)
+
+### Cron
+
+First-class agent tasks (not shell tasks). Jobs store in JSON, support multiple schedule formats, can attach skills and scripts, and deliver to any platform.
+
+→ [Cron Internals](./cron-internals.md)
+
+### ACP Integration
+
+Exposes Hermes as an editor-native agent over stdio/JSON-RPC for VS Code, Zed, and JetBrains.
+
+→ [ACP Internals](./acp-internals.md)
+
+### Trajectories
+
+Generates ShareGPT-format trajectories from agent sessions for training data generation.
+
+→ [Trajectories & Training Format](./trajectory-format.md)
+
+## Design Principles
+
+| Principle | What it means in practice |
+|-----------|--------------------------|
+| **Prompt stability** | System prompt doesn't change mid-conversation. No cache-breaking mutations except explicit user actions (`/model`). |
+| **Observable execution** | Every tool call is visible to the user via callbacks. Progress updates in CLI (spinner) and gateway (chat messages). |
+| **Interruptible** | API calls and tool execution can be cancelled mid-flight by user input or signals. |
+| **Platform-agnostic core** | One AIAgent class serves CLI, gateway, ACP, batch, and API server. Platform differences live in the entry point, not the agent. |
+| **Loose coupling** | Optional subsystems (MCP, plugins, memory providers, RL environments) use registry patterns and check_fn gating, not hard dependencies. |
+| **Profile isolation** | Each profile (`hermes -p <name>`) gets its own HERMES_HOME, config, memory, sessions, and gateway PID. Multiple profiles run concurrently. |
+
+## File Dependency Chain
+
+```text
+tools/registry.py  (no deps — imported by all tool files)
+       ↑
+tools/*.py  (each calls registry.register() at import time)
+       ↑
+model_tools.py  (imports tools/registry + triggers tool discovery)
+       ↑
+run_agent.py, cli.py, batch_runner.py, environments/
+```
+
+This chain means tool registration happens at import time, before any agent instance is created. Any `tools/*.py` file with a top-level `registry.register()` call is auto-discovered — no manual import list needed.