axios 1.17.0 → 1.18.1

package/dist/node/axios.cjs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*! Axios v1.17.0 Copyright (c) 2026 Matt Zabriskie and contributors */
+/*! Axios v1.18.1 Copyright (c) 2026 Matt Zabriskie and contributors */
 'use strict';
 
 var FormData$1 = require('form-data');
@@ -40,6 +40,52 @@ const {
   iterator,
   toStringTag
 } = Symbol;
+
+/* Creating a function that will check if an object has a property. */
+const hasOwnProperty = (({
+  hasOwnProperty
+}) => (obj, prop) => hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop))(Object.prototype);
+
+/**
+ * Walk the prototype chain (excluding the shared Object.prototype) looking for
+ * an own `prop`. This distinguishes genuine own/inherited members — including
+ * class accessors and template prototypes — from members injected via
+ * Object.prototype pollution (e.g. `Object.prototype.username = '...'`), which
+ * live on Object.prototype itself and are therefore never matched.
+ *
+ * @param {*} thing The value whose chain to inspect
+ * @param {string|symbol} prop The property key to look for
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean} True when `prop` is owned below Object.prototype
+ */
+const hasOwnInPrototypeChain = (thing, prop) => {
+  let obj = thing;
+  const seen = [];
+  while (obj != null && obj !== Object.prototype) {
+    if (seen.indexOf(obj) !== -1) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    seen.push(obj);
+    if (hasOwnProperty(obj, prop)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    obj = getPrototypeOf(obj);
+  }
+  return false;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Read `obj[prop]` only when it is safe from Object.prototype pollution. Own
+ * properties and members inherited from a non-Object.prototype source (a class
+ * instance or template object) are honored; a value reachable only through a
+ * polluted Object.prototype is ignored and `undefined` is returned.
+ *
+ * @param {*} obj The source object
+ * @param {string|symbol} prop The property key to read
+ *
+ * @returns {*} The resolved value, or undefined when unsafe/absent
+ */
+const getSafeProp = (obj, prop) => obj != null && hasOwnInPrototypeChain(obj, prop) ? obj[prop] : undefined;
 const kindOf = (cache => thing => {
   const str = toString.call(thing);
   return cache[str] || (cache[str] = str.slice(8, -1).toLowerCase());
@@ -158,11 +204,15 @@ const isBoolean = thing => thing === true || thing === false;
  * @returns {boolean} True if value is a plain Object, otherwise false
  */
 const isPlainObject = val => {
-  if (kindOf(val) !== 'object') {
+  if (!isObject(val)) {
     return false;
   }
   const prototype = getPrototypeOf(val);
-  return (prototype === null || prototype === Object.prototype || Object.getPrototypeOf(prototype) === null) && !(toStringTag in val) && !(iterator in val);
+  return (prototype === null || prototype === Object.prototype || getPrototypeOf(prototype) === null) &&
+  // Treat any genuine (non-Object.prototype-polluted) Symbol.toStringTag or
+  // Symbol.iterator as evidence the value is a tagged/iterable type rather
+  // than a plain object, while ignoring keys injected onto Object.prototype.
+  !hasOwnInPrototypeChain(val, toStringTag) && !hasOwnInPrototypeChain(val, iterator);
 };
 
 /**
@@ -662,11 +712,6 @@ const toCamelCase = str => {
     return p1.toUpperCase() + p2;
   });
 };
-
-/* Creating a function that will check if an object has a property. */
-const hasOwnProperty = (({
-  hasOwnProperty
-}) => (obj, prop) => hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop))(Object.prototype);
 const {
   propertyIsEnumerable
 } = Object.prototype;
@@ -844,6 +889,19 @@ const asap = typeof queueMicrotask !== 'undefined' ? queueMicrotask.bind(_global
 // *********************
 
 const isIterable = thing => thing != null && isFunction$1(thing[iterator]);
+
+/**
+ * Determine if a value is iterable via an iterator that is NOT sourced solely
+ * from a polluted Object.prototype. Use this instead of `isIterable` whenever
+ * the iterable comes from untrusted input (e.g. user-supplied header sources),
+ * so `Object.prototype[Symbol.iterator] = ...` cannot turn an ordinary object
+ * into an attacker-controlled entries iterator.
+ *
+ * @param {*} thing The value to test
+ *
+ * @returns {boolean} True if value has a non-polluted iterator
+ */
+const isSafeIterable = thing => thing != null && hasOwnInPrototypeChain(thing, iterator) && isIterable(thing);
 var utils$1 = {
   isArray,
   isArrayBuffer,
@@ -889,6 +947,8 @@ var utils$1 = {
   hasOwnProperty,
   hasOwnProp: hasOwnProperty,
   // an alias to avoid ESLint no-prototype-builtins detection
+  hasOwnInPrototypeChain,
+  getSafeProp,
   reduceDescriptors,
   freezeMethods,
   toObjectSet,
@@ -904,7 +964,8 @@ var utils$1 = {
   isThenable,
   setImmediate: _setImmediate,
   asap,
-  isIterable
+  isIterable,
+  isSafeIterable
 };
 
 // RawAxiosHeaders whose duplicates are ignored by node
@@ -1066,15 +1127,21 @@ class AxiosHeaders {
       setHeaders(header, valueOrRewrite);
     } else if (utils$1.isString(header) && (header = header.trim()) && !isValidHeaderName(header)) {
       setHeaders(parseHeaders(header), valueOrRewrite);
-    } else if (utils$1.isObject(header) && utils$1.isIterable(header)) {
-      let obj = {},
+    } else if (utils$1.isObject(header) && utils$1.isSafeIterable(header)) {
+      let obj = Object.create(null),
         dest,
         key;
       for (const entry of header) {
         if (!utils$1.isArray(entry)) {
           throw new TypeError('Object iterator must return a key-value pair');
         }
-        obj[key = entry[0]] = (dest = obj[key]) ? utils$1.isArray(dest) ? [...dest, entry[1]] : [dest, entry[1]] : entry[1];
+        key = entry[0];
+        if (utils$1.hasOwnProp(obj, key)) {
+          dest = obj[key];
+          obj[key] = utils$1.isArray(dest) ? [...dest, entry[1]] : [dest, entry[1]];
+        } else {
+          obj[key] = entry[1];
+        }
       }
       setHeaders(obj, valueOrRewrite);
     } else {
@@ -1286,7 +1353,19 @@ function redactConfig(config, redactKeys) {
 class AxiosError extends Error {
   static from(error, code, config, request, response, customProps) {
     const axiosError = new AxiosError(error.message, code || error.code, config, request, response);
-    axiosError.cause = error;
+    // Match native `Error` `cause` semantics: non-enumerable. The wrapped
+    // error often carries circular internals (sockets, requests, agents), so
+    // an enumerable `cause` makes structured loggers (pino/winston) and any
+    // own-property walk throw "Converting circular structure to JSON".
+    // Regression from #6982; see #7205. `__proto__: null` mirrors the
+    // `message` descriptor below (prototype-pollution-safe descriptor).
+    Object.defineProperty(axiosError, 'cause', {
+      __proto__: null,
+      value: error,
+      writable: true,
+      enumerable: false,
+      configurable: true
+    });
     axiosError.name = error.name;
 
     // Preserve status from the original error if not already set from response
@@ -1377,6 +1456,10 @@ AxiosError.ERR_NOT_SUPPORT = 'ERR_NOT_SUPPORT';
 AxiosError.ERR_INVALID_URL = 'ERR_INVALID_URL';
 AxiosError.ERR_FORM_DATA_DEPTH_EXCEEDED = 'ERR_FORM_DATA_DEPTH_EXCEEDED';
 
+// Default nesting limit shared with the inverse transform (formDataToJSON) so
+// the FormData <-> JSON round-trip stays symmetric.
+const DEFAULT_FORM_DATA_MAX_DEPTH = 100;
+
 /**
  * Determines if the given thing is a array or js object.
  *
@@ -1477,8 +1560,9 @@ function toFormData(obj, formData, options) {
   const dots = options.dots;
   const indexes = options.indexes;
   const _Blob = options.Blob || typeof Blob !== 'undefined' && Blob;
-  const maxDepth = options.maxDepth === undefined ? 100 : options.maxDepth;
+  const maxDepth = options.maxDepth === undefined ? DEFAULT_FORM_DATA_MAX_DEPTH : options.maxDepth;
   const useBlob = _Blob && utils$1.isSpecCompliantForm(formData);
+  const stack = [];
   if (!utils$1.isFunction(visitor)) {
     throw new TypeError('visitor must be a function');
   }
@@ -1494,10 +1578,38 @@ function toFormData(obj, formData, options) {
       throw new AxiosError('Blob is not supported. Use a Buffer instead.');
     }
     if (utils$1.isArrayBuffer(value) || utils$1.isTypedArray(value)) {
-      return useBlob && typeof Blob === 'function' ? new Blob([value]) : Buffer.from(value);
+      if (useBlob && typeof _Blob === 'function') {
+        return new _Blob([value]);
+      }
+      if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined') {
+        return Buffer.from(value);
+      }
+      throw new AxiosError('Blob is not supported. Use a Buffer instead.', AxiosError.ERR_NOT_SUPPORT);
     }
     return value;
   }
+  function throwIfMaxDepthExceeded(depth) {
+    if (depth > maxDepth) {
+      throw new AxiosError('Object is too deeply nested (' + depth + ' levels). Max depth: ' + maxDepth, AxiosError.ERR_FORM_DATA_DEPTH_EXCEEDED);
+    }
+  }
+  function stringifyWithDepthLimit(value, depth) {
+    if (maxDepth === Infinity) {
+      return JSON.stringify(value);
+    }
+    const ancestors = [];
+    return JSON.stringify(value, function limitDepth(_key, currentValue) {
+      if (!utils$1.isObject(currentValue)) {
+        return currentValue;
+      }
+      while (ancestors.length && ancestors[ancestors.length - 1] !== this) {
+        ancestors.pop();
+      }
+      ancestors.push(currentValue);
+      throwIfMaxDepthExceeded(depth + ancestors.length - 1);
+      return currentValue;
+    });
+  }
 
   /**
    * Default visitor.
@@ -1520,7 +1632,7 @@ function toFormData(obj, formData, options) {
         // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
         key = metaTokens ? key : key.slice(0, -2);
         // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
-        value = JSON.stringify(value);
+        value = stringifyWithDepthLimit(value, 1);
       } else if (utils$1.isArray(value) && isFlatArray(value) || (utils$1.isFileList(value) || utils$1.endsWith(key, '[]')) && (arr = utils$1.toArray(value))) {
         // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
         key = removeBrackets(key);
@@ -1538,7 +1650,6 @@ function toFormData(obj, formData, options) {
     formData.append(renderKey(path, key, dots), convertValue(value));
     return false;
   }
-  const stack = [];
   const exposedHelpers = Object.assign(predicates, {
     defaultVisitor,
     convertValue,
@@ -1546,9 +1657,7 @@ function toFormData(obj, formData, options) {
   });
   function build(value, path, depth = 0) {
     if (utils$1.isUndefined(value)) return;
-    if (depth > maxDepth) {
-      throw new AxiosError('Object is too deeply nested (' + depth + ' levels). Max depth: ' + maxDepth, AxiosError.ERR_FORM_DATA_DEPTH_EXCEEDED);
-    }
+    throwIfMaxDepthExceeded(depth);
     if (stack.indexOf(value) !== -1) {
       throw new Error('Circular reference detected in ' + path.join('.'));
     }
@@ -1607,9 +1716,7 @@ prototype.append = function append(name, value) {
   this._pairs.push([name, value]);
 };
 prototype.toString = function toString(encoder) {
-  const _encode = encoder ? function (value) {
-    return encoder.call(this, value, encode$1);
-  } : encode$1;
+  const _encode = encoder ? value => encoder.call(this, value, encode$1) : encode$1;
   return this._pairs.map(function each(pair) {
     return _encode(pair[0]) + '=' + _encode(pair[1]);
   }, '').join('&');
@@ -1640,11 +1747,16 @@ function buildURL(url, params, options) {
   if (!params) {
     return url;
   }
-  const _encode = options && options.encode || encode;
+  url = url || '';
   const _options = utils$1.isFunction(options) ? {
     serialize: options
   } : options;
-  const serializeFn = _options && _options.serialize;
+
+  // Read serializer options pollution-safely: own properties and methods on a
+  // class/template prototype are honored, but values injected onto a polluted
+  // Object.prototype are ignored.
+  const _encode = utils$1.getSafeProp(_options, 'encode') || encode;
+  const serializeFn = utils$1.getSafeProp(_options, 'serialize');
   let serializedParams;
   if (serializeFn) {
     serializedParams = serializeFn(params, _options);
@@ -1733,7 +1845,8 @@ var transitionalDefaults = {
   forcedJSONParsing: true,
   clarifyTimeoutError: false,
   legacyInterceptorReqResOrdering: true,
-  advertiseZstdAcceptEncoding: false
+  advertiseZstdAcceptEncoding: false,
+  validateStatusUndefinedResolves: true
 };
 
 var URLSearchParams = url.URLSearchParams;
@@ -1834,6 +1947,13 @@ function toURLEncodedForm(data, options) {
   });
 }
 
+const MAX_DEPTH = DEFAULT_FORM_DATA_MAX_DEPTH;
+function throwIfDepthExceeded(index) {
+  if (index > MAX_DEPTH) {
+    throw new AxiosError('FormData field is too deeply nested (' + index + ' levels). Max depth: ' + MAX_DEPTH, AxiosError.ERR_FORM_DATA_DEPTH_EXCEEDED);
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * It takes a string like `foo[x][y][z]` and returns an array like `['foo', 'x', 'y', 'z']
  *
@@ -1846,9 +1966,14 @@ function parsePropPath(name) {
   // foo.x.y.z
   // foo-x-y-z
   // foo x y z
-  return utils$1.matchAll(/\w+|\[(\w*)]/g, name).map(match => {
-    return match[0] === '[]' ? '' : match[1] || match[0];
-  });
+  const path = [];
+  const pattern = /\w+|\[(\w*)]/g;
+  let match;
+  while ((match = pattern.exec(name)) !== null) {
+    throwIfDepthExceeded(path.length);
+    path.push(match[0] === '[]' ? '' : match[1] || match[0]);
+  }
+  return path;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1880,6 +2005,7 @@ function arrayToObject(arr) {
  */
 function formDataToJSON(formData) {
   function buildPath(path, value, target, index) {
+    throwIfDepthExceeded(index);
     let name = path[index++];
     if (name === '__proto__') return true;
     const isNumericKey = Number.isFinite(+name);
@@ -2120,6 +2246,24 @@ function combineURLs(baseURL, relativeURL) {
   return relativeURL ? baseURL.replace(/\/?\/$/, '') + '/' + relativeURL.replace(/^\/+/, '') : baseURL;
 }
 
+const malformedHttpProtocol = /^https?:(?!\/\/)/i;
+const httpProtocolControlCharacters = /[\t\n\r]/g;
+function stripLeadingC0ControlOrSpace(url) {
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < url.length && url.charCodeAt(i) <= 0x20) {
+    i++;
+  }
+  return url.slice(i);
+}
+function normalizeURLForProtocolCheck(url) {
+  return stripLeadingC0ControlOrSpace(url).replace(httpProtocolControlCharacters, '');
+}
+function assertValidHttpProtocolURL(url, config) {
+  if (typeof url === 'string' && malformedHttpProtocol.test(normalizeURLForProtocolCheck(url))) {
+    throw new AxiosError('Invalid URL: missing "//" after protocol', AxiosError.ERR_INVALID_URL, config);
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Creates a new URL by combining the baseURL with the requestedURL,
  * only when the requestedURL is not already an absolute URL.
@@ -2130,9 +2274,11 @@ function combineURLs(baseURL, relativeURL) {
  *
  * @returns {string} The combined full path
  */
-function buildFullPath(baseURL, requestedURL, allowAbsoluteUrls) {
+function buildFullPath(baseURL, requestedURL, allowAbsoluteUrls, config) {
+  assertValidHttpProtocolURL(requestedURL, config);
   let isRelativeUrl = !isAbsoluteURL(requestedURL);
   if (baseURL && (isRelativeUrl || allowAbsoluteUrls === false)) {
+    assertValidHttpProtocolURL(baseURL, config);
     return combineURLs(baseURL, requestedURL);
   }
   return requestedURL;
@@ -2234,7 +2380,7 @@ function getEnv(key) {
   return process.env[key.toLowerCase()] || process.env[key.toUpperCase()] || '';
 }
 
-const VERSION = "1.17.0";
+const VERSION = "1.18.1";
 
 function parseProtocol(url) {
   const match = /^([-+\w]{1,25}):(?:\/\/)?/.exec(url);
@@ -2274,13 +2420,13 @@ function fromDataURI(uri, asBlob, options) {
 
     // RFC 2397 section 3: default mediatype is text/plain;charset=US-ASCII
     // Bare `data:,` leaves mime undefined; Blob normalises that to "" per spec.
-    let mime;
+    let mime = '';
     if (type) {
       mime = params ? type + params : type;
     } else if (params) {
       mime = 'text/plain' + params;
     }
-    const buffer = Buffer.from(decodeURIComponent(body), encoding);
+    const buffer = encoding === 'base64' ? Buffer.from(body, 'base64') : Buffer.from(decodeURIComponent(body), encoding);
     if (asBlob) {
       if (!_Blob) {
         throw new AxiosError('Blob is not supported', AxiosError.ERR_NOT_SUPPORT);
@@ -2617,13 +2763,34 @@ const callbackify = (fn, reducer) => {
   } : fn;
 };
 
-const LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES = new Set(['localhost']);
+const LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES = new Set(['localhost', '0.0.0.0']);
 const isIPv4Loopback = host => {
   const parts = host.split('.');
   if (parts.length !== 4) return false;
   if (parts[0] !== '127') return false;
   return parts.every(p => /^\d+$/.test(p) && Number(p) >= 0 && Number(p) <= 255);
 };
+const isIPv6ZeroGroup = group => /^0{1,4}$/.test(group);
+
+// The unspecified address (IPv4 0.0.0.0 / IPv6 ::) resolves to the local host
+// for outbound connections, so treat it as loopback-equivalent for NO_PROXY
+// matching. 0.0.0.0 is covered by LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES; this handles compressed
+// and full IPv6 all-zero forms so both families bypass symmetrically.
+const isIPv6Unspecified = host => {
+  if (host === '::') return true;
+  const compressionIndex = host.indexOf('::');
+  if (compressionIndex !== -1) {
+    if (compressionIndex !== host.lastIndexOf('::')) return false;
+    const left = host.slice(0, compressionIndex);
+    const right = host.slice(compressionIndex + 2);
+    const leftGroups = left ? left.split(':') : [];
+    const rightGroups = right ? right.split(':') : [];
+    const explicitGroups = leftGroups.length + rightGroups.length;
+    return explicitGroups < 8 && leftGroups.every(isIPv6ZeroGroup) && rightGroups.every(isIPv6ZeroGroup);
+  }
+  const groups = host.split(':');
+  return groups.length === 8 && groups.every(isIPv6ZeroGroup);
+};
 const isIPv6Loopback = host => {
   // Collapse all-zero groups: any form of ::1 / 0:0:...:0:1
   // First, strip any leading "::" by normalising with Set lookup of common forms,
@@ -2656,6 +2823,7 @@ const isLoopback = host => {
   if (!host) return false;
   if (LOOPBACK_HOSTNAMES.has(host)) return true;
   if (isIPv4Loopback(host)) return true;
+  if (isIPv6Unspecified(host)) return true;
   return isIPv6Loopback(host);
 };
 const DEFAULT_PORTS = {
@@ -2875,11 +3043,13 @@ const asyncDecorator = fn => (...args) => utils$1.asap(() => fn(...args));
  * Estimate decoded byte length of a data:// URL *without* allocating large buffers.
  * - For base64: compute exact decoded size using length and padding;
  *               handle %XX at the character-count level (no string allocation).
- * - For non-base64: use UTF-8 byteLength of the encoded body as a safe upper bound.
+ * - For non-base64: compute the exact percent-decoded UTF-8 byte length.
  *
  * @param {string} url
  * @returns {number}
  */
+const isHexDigit = charCode => charCode >= 48 && charCode <= 57 || charCode >= 65 && charCode <= 70 || charCode >= 97 && charCode <= 102;
+const isPercentEncodedByte = (str, i, len) => i + 2 < len && isHexDigit(str.charCodeAt(i + 1)) && isHexDigit(str.charCodeAt(i + 2));
 function estimateDataURLDecodedBytes(url) {
   if (!url || typeof url !== 'string') return 0;
   if (!url.startsWith('data:')) return 0;
@@ -2896,7 +3066,7 @@ function estimateDataURLDecodedBytes(url) {
       if (body.charCodeAt(i) === 37 /* '%' */ && i + 2 < len) {
         const a = body.charCodeAt(i + 1);
         const b = body.charCodeAt(i + 2);
-        const isHex = (a >= 48 && a <= 57 || a >= 65 && a <= 70 || a >= 97 && a <= 102) && (b >= 48 && b <= 57 || b >= 65 && b <= 70 || b >= 97 && b <= 102);
+        const isHex = isHexDigit(a) && isHexDigit(b);
         if (isHex) {
           effectiveLen -= 2;
           i += 2;
@@ -2931,18 +3101,18 @@ function estimateDataURLDecodedBytes(url) {
     const bytes = groups * 3 - (pad || 0);
     return bytes > 0 ? bytes : 0;
   }
-  if (typeof Buffer !== 'undefined' && typeof Buffer.byteLength === 'function') {
-    return Buffer.byteLength(body, 'utf8');
-  }
 
   // Compute UTF-8 byte length directly from UTF-16 code units without allocating
   // a byte buffer (TextEncoder.encode would defeat the DoS guard on large bodies).
-  // Using body.length here would undercount non-ASCII (e.g. '€' is 1 code unit
-  // but 3 UTF-8 bytes).
+  // Valid %XX triplets count as one decoded byte; this matches the bytes that
+  // decodeURIComponent(body) would produce before Buffer re-encodes the string.
   let bytes = 0;
   for (let i = 0, len = body.length; i < len; i++) {
     const c = body.charCodeAt(i);
-    if (c < 0x80) {
+    if (c === 37 /* '%' */ && isPercentEncodedByte(body, i, len)) {
+      bytes += 1;
+      i += 2;
+    } else if (c < 0x80) {
       bytes += 1;
     } else if (c < 0x800) {
       bytes += 2;
@@ -3011,6 +3181,36 @@ const kAxiosInstalledTunnel = Symbol('axios.http.installedTunnel');
 // so unbounded growth is not a concern in practice.
 const tunnelingAgentCache = new Map();
 const tunnelingAgentCacheUser = new WeakMap();
+// Minimum minor versions where Node's HTTP Agent supports native proxyEnv
+// handling. Checking the selected agent below also covers startup modes such
+// as NODE_OPTIONS=--use-env-proxy and --no-use-env-proxy precedence.
+const NODE_NATIVE_ENV_PROXY_SUPPORT = {
+  22: 21,
+  24: 5
+};
+function isNodeNativeEnvProxySupported(nodeVersion = process.versions && process.versions.node) {
+  if (!nodeVersion) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const [major, minor] = nodeVersion.split('.').map(part => Number(part));
+  if (!Number.isInteger(major) || !Number.isInteger(minor)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (major > 24) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return NODE_NATIVE_ENV_PROXY_SUPPORT[major] != null && minor >= NODE_NATIVE_ENV_PROXY_SUPPORT[major];
+}
+function isNodeEnvProxyEnabled(agent, nodeVersion = process.versions && process.versions.node) {
+  if (!isNodeNativeEnvProxySupported(nodeVersion)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const agentOptions = agent && agent.options;
+  return Boolean(agentOptions && utils$1.hasOwnProp(agentOptions, 'proxyEnv') && agentOptions.proxyEnv != null);
+}
+function getProxyEnvAgent(options, configHttpAgent, configHttpsAgent) {
+  return isHttps.test(options.protocol) ? configHttpsAgent || https.globalAgent : configHttpAgent || http.globalAgent;
+}
 function getTunnelingAgent(agentOptions, userHttpsAgent) {
   const key = agentOptions.protocol + '//' + agentOptions.hostname + ':' + (agentOptions.port || '') + '#' + (agentOptions.auth || '');
   const cache = userHttpsAgent ? tunnelingAgentCacheUser.get(userHttpsAgent) || tunnelingAgentCacheUser.set(userHttpsAgent, new Map()).get(userHttpsAgent) : tunnelingAgentCache;
@@ -3066,8 +3266,8 @@ const flushOnFinish = (stream, [throttled, flush]) => {
 const http2Sessions = new Http2Sessions();
 
 /**
- * If the proxy, auth, or config beforeRedirects functions are defined, call them
- * with the options object.
+ * If the proxy, auth, sensitive header, or config beforeRedirects functions are defined,
+ * call them with the options object.
  *
  * @param {Object<string, any>} options - The options object that was passed to the request.
  *
@@ -3080,10 +3280,34 @@ function dispatchBeforeRedirect(options, responseDetails, requestDetails) {
   if (options.beforeRedirects.auth) {
     options.beforeRedirects.auth(options);
   }
+  if (options.beforeRedirects.sensitiveHeaders) {
+    options.beforeRedirects.sensitiveHeaders(options, requestDetails);
+  }
   if (options.beforeRedirects.config) {
     options.beforeRedirects.config(options, responseDetails, requestDetails);
   }
 }
+function stripMatchingHeaders(headers, sensitiveSet) {
+  if (!headers) {
+    return;
+  }
+  Object.keys(headers).forEach(header => {
+    if (sensitiveSet.has(header.toLowerCase())) {
+      delete headers[header];
+    }
+  });
+}
+function isSameOriginRedirect(redirectOptions, requestDetails) {
+  if (!requestDetails) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  try {
+    return new URL(requestDetails.url).origin === new URL(redirectOptions.href).origin;
+  } catch (e) {
+    // If origin comparison fails, treat the redirect as unsafe.
+    return false;
+  }
+}
 
 /**
  * If the proxy or config afterRedirects functions are defined, call them with the options
@@ -3094,9 +3318,10 @@ function dispatchBeforeRedirect(options, responseDetails, requestDetails) {
  *
  * @returns {http.ClientRequestArgs}
  */
-function setProxy(options, configProxy, location, isRedirect, configHttpsAgent) {
+function setProxy(options, configProxy, location, isRedirect, configHttpsAgent, configHttpAgent) {
   let proxy = configProxy;
-  if (!proxy && proxy !== false) {
+  const proxyEnvAgent = getProxyEnvAgent(options, configHttpAgent, configHttpsAgent);
+  if (!proxy && proxy !== false && !isNodeEnvProxyEnabled(proxyEnvAgent)) {
     const proxyUrl = getProxyForUrl(location);
     if (proxyUrl) {
       if (!shouldBypassProxy(location)) {
@@ -3187,7 +3412,7 @@ function setProxy(options, configProxy, location, isRedirect, configHttpsAgent)
         }
         const tunnelingAgent = getTunnelingAgent(agentOptions, configHttpsAgent);
         // Set both: `options.agent` is consumed by the native https.request path
-        // (config.maxRedirects === 0); `options.agents.https` is consumed by
+        // (maxRedirects === 0); `options.agents.https` is consumed by
         // follow-redirects, which ignores `options.agent` when `options.agents`
         // is present.
         options.agent = tunnelingAgent;
@@ -3231,7 +3456,7 @@ function setProxy(options, configProxy, location, isRedirect, configHttpsAgent)
   options.beforeRedirects.proxy = function beforeRedirect(redirectOptions) {
     // Configure proxy for redirected request, passing the original config proxy to apply
     // the exact same logic as if the redirected request was performed by axios directly.
-    setProxy(redirectOptions, configProxy, redirectOptions.href, true, configHttpsAgent);
+    setProxy(redirectOptions, configProxy, redirectOptions.href, true, configHttpsAgent, configHttpAgent);
   };
 }
 const isHttpAdapterSupported = typeof process !== 'undefined' && utils$1.kindOf(process) === 'process';
@@ -3314,7 +3539,12 @@ const http2Transport = {
 /*eslint consistent-return:0*/
 var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
   return wrapAsync(async function dispatchHttpRequest(resolve, reject, onDone) {
-    const own = key => utils$1.hasOwnProp(config, key) ? config[key] : undefined;
+    // Read config pollution-safely: own properties and members inherited from
+    // a non-Object.prototype source (e.g. an Object.create(defaults) template)
+    // are honored, but values injected onto a polluted Object.prototype are
+    // ignored. All behavior-affecting reads in this adapter go through own()
+    // so the protection boundary stays consistent.
+    const own = key => utils$1.getSafeProp(config, key);
     const transitional = own('transitional') || transitionalDefaults;
     let data = own('data');
     let lookup = own('lookup');
@@ -3322,9 +3552,17 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
     let httpVersion = own('httpVersion');
     if (httpVersion === undefined) httpVersion = 1;
     let http2Options = own('http2Options');
+    const httpAgent = own('httpAgent');
+    const httpsAgent = own('httpsAgent');
+    const configProxy = own('proxy');
     const responseType = own('responseType');
     const responseEncoding = own('responseEncoding');
-    const method = config.method.toUpperCase();
+    const socketPath = own('socketPath');
+    const method = own('method').toUpperCase();
+    const maxRedirects = own('maxRedirects');
+    const maxBodyLength = own('maxBodyLength');
+    const maxContentLength = own('maxContentLength');
+    const decompress = own('decompress');
     let isDone;
     let rejected = false;
     let req;
@@ -3365,9 +3603,11 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
       }
     }
     function createTimeoutError() {
-      let timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeout ? 'timeout of ' + config.timeout + 'ms exceeded' : 'timeout exceeded';
-      if (config.timeoutErrorMessage) {
-        timeoutErrorMessage = config.timeoutErrorMessage;
+      const configTimeout = own('timeout');
+      let timeoutErrorMessage = configTimeout ? 'timeout of ' + configTimeout + 'ms exceeded' : 'timeout exceeded';
+      const configTimeoutErrorMessage = own('timeoutErrorMessage');
+      if (configTimeoutErrorMessage) {
+        timeoutErrorMessage = configTimeoutErrorMessage;
       }
       return new AxiosError(timeoutErrorMessage, transitional.clarifyTimeoutError ? AxiosError.ETIMEDOUT : AxiosError.ECONNABORTED, config, req);
     }
@@ -3410,17 +3650,22 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
     });
 
     // Parse url
-    const fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url, config.allowAbsoluteUrls);
-    const parsed = new URL(fullPath, platform.hasBrowserEnv ? platform.origin : undefined);
+    const fullPath = buildFullPath(own('baseURL'), own('url'), own('allowAbsoluteUrls'), config);
+    // Unix-socket requests (own socketPath) commonly pass a path-only url
+    // like '/foo'; supply a synthetic base so new URL() can still parse it.
+    // Use the own-property value (not config.socketPath) so a polluted
+    // prototype cannot influence URL base selection.
+    const urlBase = socketPath ? 'http://localhost' : platform.hasBrowserEnv ? platform.origin : undefined;
+    const parsed = new URL(fullPath, urlBase);
     const protocol = parsed.protocol || supportedProtocols[0];
     if (protocol === 'data:') {
       // Apply the same semantics as HTTP: only enforce if a finite, non-negative cap is set.
-      if (config.maxContentLength > -1) {
-        // Use the exact string passed to fromDataURI (config.url); fall back to fullPath if needed.
-        const dataUrl = String(config.url || fullPath || '');
+      if (maxContentLength > -1) {
+        // Use the exact string passed to fromDataURI (the configured url); fall back to fullPath if needed.
+        const dataUrl = String(own('url') || fullPath || '');
         const estimated = estimateDataURLDecodedBytes(dataUrl);
-        if (estimated > config.maxContentLength) {
-          return reject(new AxiosError('maxContentLength size of ' + config.maxContentLength + ' exceeded', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_RESPONSE, config));
+        if (estimated > maxContentLength) {
+          return reject(new AxiosError('maxContentLength size of ' + maxContentLength + ' exceeded', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_RESPONSE, config));
         }
       }
       let convertedData;
@@ -3433,7 +3678,7 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
         });
       }
       try {
-        convertedData = fromDataURI(config.url, responseType === 'blob', {
+        convertedData = fromDataURI(own('url'), responseType === 'blob', {
           Blob: config.env && config.env.Blob
         });
       } catch (err) {
@@ -3507,7 +3752,7 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
 
       // Add Content-Length header if data exists
       headers.setContentLength(data.length, false);
-      if (config.maxBodyLength > -1 && data.length > config.maxBodyLength) {
+      if (maxBodyLength > -1 && data.length > maxBodyLength) {
         return reject(new AxiosError('Request body larger than maxBodyLength limit', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_REQUEST, config));
       }
     }
@@ -3534,8 +3779,8 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
     let auth = undefined;
     const configAuth = own('auth');
     if (configAuth) {
-      const username = configAuth.username || '';
-      const password = configAuth.password || '';
+      const username = utils$1.getSafeProp(configAuth, 'username') || '';
+      const password = utils$1.getSafeProp(configAuth, 'password') || '';
       auth = username + ':' + password;
     }
     if (!auth && (parsed.username || parsed.password)) {
@@ -3546,13 +3791,12 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
     auth && headers.delete('authorization');
     let path$1;
     try {
-      path$1 = buildURL(parsed.pathname + parsed.search, config.params, config.paramsSerializer).replace(/^\?/, '');
+      path$1 = buildURL(parsed.pathname + parsed.search, own('params'), own('paramsSerializer')).replace(/^\?/, '');
     } catch (err) {
-      const customErr = new Error(err.message);
-      customErr.config = config;
-      customErr.url = config.url;
-      customErr.exists = true;
-      return reject(customErr);
+      return reject(AxiosError.from(err, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_REQUEST, config, null, null, {
+        url: own('url'),
+        exists: true
+      }));
     }
     headers.set('Accept-Encoding', utils$1.hasOwnProp(transitional, 'advertiseZstdAcceptEncoding') && transitional.advertiseZstdAcceptEncoding === true ? ACCEPT_ENCODING_WITH_ZSTD : ACCEPT_ENCODING, false);
 
@@ -3563,8 +3807,8 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
       method: method,
       headers: toByteStringHeaderObject(headers),
       agents: {
-        http: config.httpAgent,
-        https: config.httpsAgent
+        http: httpAgent,
+        https: httpsAgent
       },
       auth,
       protocol,
@@ -3576,7 +3820,6 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
 
     // cacheable-lookup integration hotfix
     !utils$1.isUndefined(lookup) && (options.lookup = lookup);
-    const socketPath = own('socketPath');
     if (socketPath) {
       if (typeof socketPath !== 'string') {
         return reject(new AxiosError('socketPath must be a string', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE, config));
@@ -3594,15 +3837,20 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
     } else {
       options.hostname = parsed.hostname.startsWith('[') ? parsed.hostname.slice(1, -1) : parsed.hostname;
       options.port = parsed.port;
-      setProxy(options, config.proxy, protocol + '//' + parsed.hostname + (parsed.port ? ':' + parsed.port : '') + options.path, false, config.httpsAgent);
+      setProxy(options, configProxy, protocol + '//' + parsed.hostname + (parsed.port ? ':' + parsed.port : '') + options.path, false, httpsAgent, httpAgent);
     }
     let transport;
     let isNativeTransport = false;
+    // True only for the follow-redirects transport, which applies
+    // options.maxBodyLength itself. Every other transport (http2, native
+    // http/https, a user-supplied custom transport) needs the explicit
+    // byte-counting pipeline below to enforce maxBodyLength on streamed uploads.
+    let transportEnforcesMaxBodyLength = false;
     const isHttpsRequest = isHttps.test(options.protocol);
     // Don't clobber a CONNECT-tunneling agent installed by setProxy() for an
     // HTTPS target.
     if (options.agent == null) {
-      options.agent = isHttpsRequest ? config.httpsAgent : config.httpAgent;
+      options.agent = isHttpsRequest ? httpsAgent : httpAgent;
     }
     if (isHttp2) {
       transport = http2Transport;
@@ -3610,12 +3858,14 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
       const configTransport = own('transport');
       if (configTransport) {
         transport = configTransport;
-      } else if (config.maxRedirects === 0) {
+      } else if (maxRedirects === 0) {
         transport = isHttpsRequest ? https : http;
         isNativeTransport = true;
       } else {
-        if (config.maxRedirects) {
-          options.maxRedirects = config.maxRedirects;
+        transportEnforcesMaxBodyLength = true;
+        options.sensitiveHeaders = [];
+        if (maxRedirects) {
+          options.maxRedirects = maxRedirects;
         }
         const configBeforeRedirect = own('beforeRedirect');
         if (configBeforeRedirect) {
@@ -3638,13 +3888,37 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
             }
           };
         }
+        const sensitiveHeaders = own('sensitiveHeaders');
+        if (sensitiveHeaders != null) {
+          if (!utils$1.isArray(sensitiveHeaders)) {
+            return reject(new AxiosError('sensitiveHeaders must be an array of strings', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE, config));
+          }
+          const sensitiveSet = new Set();
+          for (const header of sensitiveHeaders) {
+            if (!utils$1.isString(header)) {
+              return reject(new AxiosError('sensitiveHeaders must be an array of strings', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE, config));
+            }
+            sensitiveSet.add(header.toLowerCase());
+          }
+          if (sensitiveSet.size) {
+            options.sensitiveHeaders = Array.from(sensitiveSet);
+            options.beforeRedirects.sensitiveHeaders = function beforeRedirectSensitiveHeaders(redirectOptions, requestDetails) {
+              if (!isSameOriginRedirect(redirectOptions, requestDetails)) {
+                stripMatchingHeaders(redirectOptions.headers, sensitiveSet);
+              }
+            };
+          }
+        }
         transport = isHttpsRequest ? httpsFollow : httpFollow;
       }
     }
-    if (config.maxBodyLength > -1) {
-      options.maxBodyLength = config.maxBodyLength;
+
+    // Set an explicit maxBodyLength option for transports that inspect it.
+    // When maxBodyLength is -1 (default/unlimited), use Infinity so
+    // follow-redirects does not fall back to its own 10MB default.
+    if (maxBodyLength > -1) {
+      options.maxBodyLength = maxBodyLength;
     } else {
-      // follow-redirects does not skip comparison, so it should always succeed for axios -1 unlimited
       options.maxBodyLength = Infinity;
     }
 
@@ -3674,7 +3948,7 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
       const lastRequest = res.req || req;
 
       // if decompress disabled we should not decompress
-      if (config.decompress !== false && res.headers['content-encoding']) {
+      if (decompress !== false && res.headers['content-encoding']) {
         // if no content, but headers still say that it is encoded,
         // remove the header not confuse downstream operations
         if (method === 'HEAD' || res.statusCode === 204) {
@@ -3726,8 +4000,8 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
       if (responseType === 'stream') {
         // Enforce maxContentLength on streamed responses; previously this
         // was applied only to buffered responses.
-        if (config.maxContentLength > -1) {
-          const limit = config.maxContentLength;
+        if (maxContentLength > -1) {
+          const limit = maxContentLength;
           const source = responseStream;
           async function* enforceMaxContentLength() {
             let totalResponseBytes = 0;
@@ -3753,11 +4027,11 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
           totalResponseBytes += chunk.length;
 
           // make sure the content length is not over the maxContentLength if specified
-          if (config.maxContentLength > -1 && totalResponseBytes > config.maxContentLength) {
+          if (maxContentLength > -1 && totalResponseBytes > maxContentLength) {
             // stream.destroy() emit aborted event before calling reject() on Node.js v16
             rejected = true;
             responseStream.destroy();
-            abort(new AxiosError('maxContentLength size of ' + config.maxContentLength + ' exceeded', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_RESPONSE, config, lastRequest));
+            abort(new AxiosError('maxContentLength size of ' + maxContentLength + ' exceeded', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_RESPONSE, config, lastRequest));
           }
         });
         responseStream.on('aborted', function handlerStreamAborted() {
@@ -3820,7 +4094,11 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
     const boundSockets = new Set();
     req.on('socket', function handleRequestSocket(socket) {
       // default interval of sending ack packet is 1 minute
-      socket.setKeepAlive(true, 1000 * 60);
+      // proxy agents (e.g. agent-base) may return a generic Duplex stream
+      // that doesn't have setKeepAlive, so guard before calling
+      if (typeof socket.setKeepAlive === 'function') {
+        socket.setKeepAlive(true, 1000 * 60);
+      }
 
       // Install a single 'error' listener per socket (not per request) to avoid
       // accumulating listeners on pooled keep-alive sockets that get reassigned
@@ -3850,9 +4128,9 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
     });
 
     // Handle request timeout
-    if (config.timeout) {
+    if (own('timeout')) {
       // This is forcing a int timeout to avoid problems if the `req` interface doesn't handle other types.
-      const timeout = parseInt(config.timeout, 10);
+      const timeout = parseInt(own('timeout'), 10);
       if (Number.isNaN(timeout)) {
         abort(new AxiosError('error trying to parse `config.timeout` to int', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE, config, req));
         return;
@@ -3896,12 +4174,13 @@ var httpAdapter = isHttpAdapterSupported && function httpAdapter(config) {
         }
       });
 
-      // Enforce maxBodyLength for streamed uploads on the native http/https
-      // transport (maxRedirects === 0); follow-redirects enforces it on the
-      // other path.
+      // Enforce maxBodyLength for streamed uploads on every transport that
+      // does not apply options.maxBodyLength itself (native http/https, http2,
+      // and user-supplied custom transports). The follow-redirects transport
+      // enforces it on the redirected HTTP/1 path.
       let uploadStream = data;
-      if (config.maxBodyLength > -1 && config.maxRedirects === 0) {
-        const limit = config.maxBodyLength;
+      if (maxBodyLength > -1 && !transportEnforcesMaxBodyLength) {
+        const limit = maxBodyLength;
         let bytesSent = 0;
         uploadStream = stream.pipeline([data, new stream.Transform({
           transform(chunk, _enc, cb) {
@@ -3964,7 +4243,11 @@ var cookies = platform.hasStandardBrowserEnv ?
       const cookie = cookies[i].replace(/^\s+/, '');
       const eq = cookie.indexOf('=');
       if (eq !== -1 && cookie.slice(0, eq) === name) {
-        return decodeURIComponent(cookie.slice(eq + 1));
+        try {
+          return decodeURIComponent(cookie.slice(eq + 1));
+        } catch (e) {
+          return cookie.slice(eq + 1);
+        }
       }
     }
     return null;
@@ -3997,6 +4280,7 @@ const headersToObject = thing => thing instanceof AxiosHeaders ? {
  */
 function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {
   // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
+  config1 = config1 || {};
   config2 = config2 || {};
 
   // Use a null-prototype object so that downstream reads such as `config.auth`
@@ -4048,6 +4332,23 @@ function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {
       return getMergedValue(undefined, a);
     }
   }
+  function getMergedTransitionalOption(prop) {
+    const transitional2 = utils$1.hasOwnProp(config2, 'transitional') ? config2.transitional : undefined;
+    if (!utils$1.isUndefined(transitional2)) {
+      if (utils$1.isPlainObject(transitional2)) {
+        if (utils$1.hasOwnProp(transitional2, prop)) {
+          return transitional2[prop];
+        }
+      } else {
+        return undefined;
+      }
+    }
+    const transitional1 = utils$1.hasOwnProp(config1, 'transitional') ? config1.transitional : undefined;
+    if (utils$1.isPlainObject(transitional1) && utils$1.hasOwnProp(transitional1, prop)) {
+      return transitional1[prop];
+    }
+    return undefined;
+  }
 
   // eslint-disable-next-line consistent-return
   function mergeDirectKeys(a, b, prop) {
@@ -4100,6 +4401,13 @@ function mergeConfig(config1, config2) {
     const configValue = merge(a, b, prop);
     utils$1.isUndefined(configValue) && merge !== mergeDirectKeys || (config[prop] = configValue);
   });
+  if (utils$1.hasOwnProp(config2, 'validateStatus') && utils$1.isUndefined(config2.validateStatus) && getMergedTransitionalOption('validateStatusUndefinedResolves') === false) {
+    if (utils$1.hasOwnProp(config1, 'validateStatus')) {
+      config.validateStatus = getMergedValue(undefined, config1.validateStatus);
+    } else {
+      delete config.validateStatus;
+    }
+  }
   return config;
 }
 
@@ -4109,7 +4417,7 @@ function setFormDataHeaders(headers, formHeaders, policy) {
     headers.set(formHeaders);
     return;
   }
-  Object.entries(formHeaders).forEach(([key, val]) => {
+  Object.entries(formHeaders || {}).forEach(([key, val]) => {
     if (FORM_DATA_CONTENT_HEADERS.includes(key.toLowerCase())) {
       headers.set(key, val);
     }
@@ -4141,11 +4449,17 @@ function resolveConfig(config) {
   const allowAbsoluteUrls = own('allowAbsoluteUrls');
   const url = own('url');
   newConfig.headers = headers = AxiosHeaders.from(headers);
-  newConfig.url = buildURL(buildFullPath(baseURL, url, allowAbsoluteUrls), own('params'), own('paramsSerializer'));
+  newConfig.url = buildURL(buildFullPath(baseURL, url, allowAbsoluteUrls, newConfig), own('params'), own('paramsSerializer'));
 
   // HTTP basic authentication
   if (auth) {
-    headers.set('Authorization', 'Basic ' + btoa((auth.username || '') + ':' + (auth.password ? encodeUTF8$1(auth.password) : '')));
+    const username = utils$1.getSafeProp(auth, 'username') || '';
+    const password = utils$1.getSafeProp(auth, 'password') || '';
+    try {
+      headers.set('Authorization', 'Basic ' + btoa(username + ':' + (password ? encodeUTF8$1(password) : '')));
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw AxiosError.from(e, AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE, config);
+    }
   }
   if (utils$1.isFormData(data)) {
     if (platform.hasStandardBrowserEnv || platform.hasStandardBrowserWebWorkerEnv || utils$1.isReactNative(data)) {
@@ -4346,6 +4660,7 @@ var xhrAdapter = isXHRAdapterSupported && function (config) {
     const protocol = parseProtocol(_config.url);
     if (protocol && !platform.protocols.includes(protocol)) {
       reject(new AxiosError('Unsupported protocol ' + protocol + ':', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_REQUEST, config));
+      done();
       return;
     }
 
@@ -4384,7 +4699,9 @@ const composeSignals = (signals, timeout) => {
     });
     signals = null;
   };
-  signals.forEach(signal => signal.addEventListener('abort', onabort));
+  signals.forEach(signal => signal.addEventListener('abort', onabort, {
+    once: true
+  }));
   const {
     signal
   } = controller;
@@ -4630,13 +4947,20 @@ const factory = env => {
       composedSignal.unsubscribe();
     });
     let requestContentLength;
+
+    // AxiosError we raise while the request body is being streamed. Captured
+    // by identity so the catch block can surface it directly, regardless of
+    // how the runtime wraps the resulting fetch rejection (undici exposes it
+    // as `err.cause`; some browsers drop the original error entirely).
+    let pendingBodyError = null;
+    const maxBodyLengthError = () => new AxiosError('Request body larger than maxBodyLength limit', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_REQUEST, config, request);
     try {
       // HTTP basic authentication
       let auth = undefined;
       const configAuth = own('auth');
       if (configAuth) {
-        const username = configAuth.username || '';
-        const password = configAuth.password || '';
+        const username = utils$1.getSafeProp(configAuth, 'username') || '';
+        const password = utils$1.getSafeProp(configAuth, 'password') || '';
         auth = {
           username,
           password
@@ -4673,30 +4997,54 @@ const factory = env => {
         }
       }
 
-      // Enforce maxBodyLength against the outbound request body before dispatch.
-      // Mirrors http.js behavior (ERR_BAD_REQUEST / 'Request body larger than
-      // maxBodyLength limit'). Skip when the body length cannot be determined
-      // (e.g. a live ReadableStream supplied by the caller).
+      // Enforce maxBodyLength against known-size bodies before dispatch using
+      // the body's *actual* size — never a caller-declared Content-Length,
+      // which could under-report to slip an oversized body past the check.
+      // Unknown-size streams return undefined here and are counted per-chunk
+      // below as fetch consumes them.
       if (hasMaxBodyLength && method !== 'get' && method !== 'head') {
-        const outboundLength = await resolveBodyLength(headers, data);
-        if (typeof outboundLength === 'number' && isFinite(outboundLength) && outboundLength > maxBodyLength) {
-          throw new AxiosError('Request body larger than maxBodyLength limit', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_REQUEST, config, request);
+        const outboundLength = await getBodyLength(data);
+        if (typeof outboundLength === 'number' && isFinite(outboundLength)) {
+          requestContentLength = outboundLength;
+          if (outboundLength > maxBodyLength) {
+            throw maxBodyLengthError();
+          }
         }
       }
-      if (onUploadProgress && supportsRequestStream && method !== 'get' && method !== 'head' && (requestContentLength = await resolveBodyLength(headers, data)) !== 0) {
-        let _request = new Request(url, {
-          method: 'POST',
-          body: data,
-          duplex: 'half'
-        });
-        let contentTypeHeader;
-        if (utils$1.isFormData(data) && (contentTypeHeader = _request.headers.get('content-type'))) {
-          headers.setContentType(contentTypeHeader);
+
+      // A streamed body under maxBodyLength must be counted as fetch consumes
+      // it; its size is never trusted from a caller-declared Content-Length.
+      const mustEnforceStreamBody = hasMaxBodyLength && (utils$1.isReadableStream(data) || utils$1.isStream(data));
+      const trackRequestStream = (stream, onProgress, flush) => trackStream(stream, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE, loadedBytes => {
+        if (hasMaxBodyLength && loadedBytes > maxBodyLength) {
+          throw pendingBodyError = maxBodyLengthError();
         }
-        if (_request.body) {
-          const [onProgress, flush] = progressEventDecorator(requestContentLength, progressEventReducer(asyncDecorator(onUploadProgress)));
-          data = trackStream(_request.body, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE, onProgress, flush);
+        onProgress && onProgress(loadedBytes);
+      }, flush);
+      if (supportsRequestStream && method !== 'get' && method !== 'head' && (onUploadProgress || mustEnforceStreamBody)) {
+        requestContentLength = requestContentLength == null ? await resolveBodyLength(headers, data) : requestContentLength;
+
+        // A declared length of 0 is only trusted to skip the wrap when we are
+        // not enforcing a stream limit (which must not rely on that header).
+        if (requestContentLength !== 0 || mustEnforceStreamBody) {
+          let _request = new Request(url, {
+            method: 'POST',
+            body: data,
+            duplex: 'half'
+          });
+          let contentTypeHeader;
+          if (utils$1.isFormData(data) && (contentTypeHeader = _request.headers.get('content-type'))) {
+            headers.setContentType(contentTypeHeader);
+          }
+          if (_request.body) {
+            const [onProgress, flush] = onUploadProgress && progressEventDecorator(requestContentLength, progressEventReducer(asyncDecorator(onUploadProgress))) || [];
+            data = trackRequestStream(_request.body, onProgress, flush);
+          }
         }
+      } else if (mustEnforceStreamBody && !isRequestSupported && isReadableStreamSupported && method !== 'get' && method !== 'head') {
+        data = trackRequestStream(data);
+      } else if (mustEnforceStreamBody && isRequestSupported && !supportsRequestStream && method !== 'get' && method !== 'head') {
+        throw new AxiosError('Stream request bodies are not supported by the current fetch implementation', AxiosError.ERR_NOT_SUPPORT, config, request);
       }
       if (!utils$1.isString(withCredentials)) {
         withCredentials = withCredentials ? 'include' : 'omit';
@@ -4728,11 +5076,12 @@ const factory = env => {
       };
       request = isRequestSupported && new Request(url, resolvedOptions);
       let response = await (isRequestSupported ? _fetch(request, fetchOptions) : _fetch(url, resolvedOptions));
+      const responseHeaders = AxiosHeaders.from(response.headers);
 
       // Cheap pre-check: if the server honestly declares a content-length that
       // already exceeds the cap, reject before we start streaming.
       if (hasMaxContentLength) {
-        const declaredLength = utils$1.toFiniteNumber(response.headers.get('content-length'));
+        const declaredLength = utils$1.toFiniteNumber(responseHeaders.getContentLength());
         if (declaredLength != null && declaredLength > maxContentLength) {
           throw new AxiosError('maxContentLength size of ' + maxContentLength + ' exceeded', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_RESPONSE, config, request);
         }
@@ -4743,7 +5092,7 @@ const factory = env => {
         ['status', 'statusText', 'headers'].forEach(prop => {
           options[prop] = response[prop];
         });
-        const responseContentLength = utils$1.toFiniteNumber(response.headers.get('content-length'));
+        const responseContentLength = utils$1.toFiniteNumber(responseHeaders.getContentLength());
         const [onProgress, flush] = onDownloadProgress && progressEventDecorator(responseContentLength, progressEventReducer(asyncDecorator(onDownloadProgress), true)) || [];
         let bytesRead = 0;
         const onChunkProgress = loadedBytes => {
@@ -4802,13 +5151,48 @@ const factory = env => {
         const canceledError = composedSignal.reason;
         canceledError.config = config;
         request && (canceledError.request = request);
-        err !== canceledError && (canceledError.cause = err);
+        if (err !== canceledError) {
+          // Non-enumerable to match native Error `cause` semantics so loggers
+          // don't recurse into circular fetch internals (see #7205).
+          Object.defineProperty(canceledError, 'cause', {
+            __proto__: null,
+            value: err,
+            writable: true,
+            enumerable: false,
+            configurable: true
+          });
+        }
         throw canceledError;
       }
+
+      // Surface a maxBodyLength violation we raised while the request body was
+      // being streamed. Matching by identity (rather than reading
+      // `err.cause.isAxiosError`) keeps the error deterministic across runtimes
+      // and avoids both prototype-pollution reads and mis-attributing a foreign
+      // AxiosError that merely happened to land in `err.cause`.
+      if (pendingBodyError) {
+        request && !pendingBodyError.request && (pendingBodyError.request = request);
+        throw pendingBodyError;
+      }
+
+      // Re-throw AxiosErrors we raised synchronously (data: URL / content-length
+      // pre-checks, response size enforcement) without re-wrapping them.
+      if (err instanceof AxiosError) {
+        request && !err.request && (err.request = request);
+        throw err;
+      }
       if (err && err.name === 'TypeError' && /Load failed|fetch/i.test(err.message)) {
-        throw Object.assign(new AxiosError('Network Error', AxiosError.ERR_NETWORK, config, request, err && err.response), {
-          cause: err.cause || err
+        const networkError = new AxiosError('Network Error', AxiosError.ERR_NETWORK, config, request, err && err.response);
+        // Non-enumerable to match native Error `cause` semantics so loggers
+        // don't recurse into circular fetch internals (see #7205).
+        Object.defineProperty(networkError, 'cause', {
+          __proto__: null,
+          value: err.cause || err,
+          writable: true,
+          enumerable: false,
+          configurable: true
         });
+        throw networkError;
       }
       throw AxiosError.from(err, err && err.code, config, request, err && err.response);
     }
@@ -4927,7 +5311,7 @@ function getAdapter(adapters, config) {
   if (!adapter) {
     const reasons = Object.entries(rejectedReasons).map(([id, state]) => `adapter ${id} ` + (state === false ? 'is not supported by the environment' : 'is not available in the build'));
     let s = length ? reasons.length > 1 ? 'since :\n' + reasons.map(renderReason).join('\n') : ' ' + renderReason(reasons[0]) : 'as no adapter specified';
-    throw new AxiosError(`There is no suitable adapter to dispatch the request ` + s, 'ERR_NOT_SUPPORT');
+    throw new AxiosError(`There is no suitable adapter to dispatch the request ` + s, AxiosError.ERR_NOT_SUPPORT);
   }
   return adapter;
 }
@@ -5070,7 +5454,7 @@ validators$1.spelling = function spelling(correctSpelling) {
  */
 
 function assertOptions(options, schema, allowUnknown) {
-  if (typeof options !== 'object') {
+  if (typeof options !== 'object' || options === null) {
     throw new AxiosError('options must be an object', AxiosError.ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE);
   }
   const keys = Object.keys(options);
@@ -5180,7 +5564,8 @@ class Axios {
         forcedJSONParsing: validators.transitional(validators.boolean),
         clarifyTimeoutError: validators.transitional(validators.boolean),
         legacyInterceptorReqResOrdering: validators.transitional(validators.boolean),
-        advertiseZstdAcceptEncoding: validators.transitional(validators.boolean)
+        advertiseZstdAcceptEncoding: validators.transitional(validators.boolean),
+        validateStatusUndefinedResolves: validators.transitional(validators.boolean)
       }, false);
     }
     if (paramsSerializer != null) {
@@ -5277,7 +5662,7 @@ class Axios {
   }
   getUri(config) {
     config = mergeConfig(this.defaults, config);
-    const fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url, config.allowAbsoluteUrls);
+    const fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url, config.allowAbsoluteUrls, config);
     return buildURL(fullPath, config.params, config.paramsSerializer);
   }
 }
@@ -5289,7 +5674,7 @@ utils$1.forEach(['delete', 'get', 'head', 'options'], function forEachMethodNoDa
     return this.request(mergeConfig(config || {}, {
       method,
       url,
-      data: (config || {}).data
+      data: config && utils$1.hasOwnProp(config, 'data') ? config.data : undefined
     }));
   };
 });