android-midscene-automation 0.2.3 → 1.1.0

package/artemis-main/artemis/agents/flash/runner.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1167 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Universal Multi-Model FlashRunner for Artemis.
+
+Executes autonomous reactive mobile workflows across Google Gemini,
+OpenAI GPT-4o/o3, Anthropic Claude 3.5/3.7, and OpenRouter endpoints.
+
+Conversation shape (shared with the Pro operator, history redesign §3.2):
+the prompt is built every turn from a session :class:`TranscriptLedger` —
+a byte-stable system prefix, the committed earlier turns (append-only; old UI
+lists stripped at depth 1, screenshots resolved to visual summaries at depth
+K, long spans chunk-compressed), and a fresh tail carrying the current
+observation under a ``# CURRENT OBSERVATION [T+mm:ss]`` header. Actions run
+synchronously and their tool messages already carry the outcome; only a turn
+whose action failed ends with an ``--- Action Execution Result (T+mm:ss) ---``
+message (it carries the error). Every timestamp the model sees is a
+session-relative offset — the same clock the video analyzer uses for the
+session recording.
+
+Per-turn notices on the tail (the reasoning reminder after a silent turn, the
+no-tool-call nudge, the final-turn warning, the user-guidance wrapper) are
+marked ephemeral: the ledger's scrub edge deletes them once the message leaves
+the recent window, so they never reach the frozen history or a chunk capsule.
+The verbatim body of a user instruction is the exception: it stays in the
+active window until its turn is chunked, whose user lines then carry it on.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+import base64
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+import uuid
+
+from jinja2 import Template
+from langchain_core.messages import (
+    BaseMessage,
+    HumanMessage,
+    SystemMessage,
+    ToolMessage,
+)
+
+from artemis.agents.flash.summarizer import VisualStepSummarizer, build_focus_context
+from artemis.agents.operator.prompts import REASONING_REMINDER, UserGuidance, render_user_guidance
+from artemis.agents.validator.tool_declarations import (
+    ASK_EXPLORER_TOOL,
+    CLICK_SEQUENCE_TOOL,
+    LIST_NOTES_TOOL,
+    READ_NOTE_TOOL,
+    REPORT_TASK_STATUS_TOOL,
+    VALIDATOR_TOOLS_DECLARATION,
+    capture_screenshot_and_parse_ui,
+    prune_intermediate_screenshots,
+)
+from artemis.config import (
+    MemoryRuntimeConfig,
+    MemoryTranscriptConfig,
+    StepSummarizerConfig,
+    load_agent_config,
+)
+from artemis.context import ArtemisContext
+from artemis.controllers.unified_controller import UnifiedMobileController
+from artemis.data_engine.trace import trace
+from artemis.graph.perception import _check_injected_instruction_file
+from artemis.graph.state import State
+from artemis.llm.structured import ParseFailure, parse_structured
+from artemis.mcp.action_executor import McpActionExecutor
+from artemis.mcp.observation import observe
+from artemis.memory.transcript import PRO_UI_LIST_MARKER, TranscriptLedger, mark_ephemeral
+from artemis.services.llm import (
+    acomplete,
+    get_llm,
+    invoke_llm_with_timeout_message,
+)
+from artemis.tools.history import history_tool_declarations
+from artemis.tools.tool_wrapper import tool_result_messages
+from artemis.utils.coordinates import (
+    COORDINATE_SPACE_KEY,
+    COORDINATE_SPACE_NORMALIZED,
+    parse_swipe_parameters,
+)
+from third_party.mobile_use.utils.logger import get_logger
+
+logger = get_logger(__name__)
+
+_NO_TOOL_CALL_NOTICE = (
+    "You did not call any tools last turn. Please make progress by calling an"
+    " action tool or 'report_task_status'."
+)
+
+_FINAL_TURN_WARNING = "[WARNING] This is your final turn; only 'report_task_status' is available."
+
+
+@dataclass
+class _TurnRecord:
+    """What one reactive turn produced, for committing it into the ledger.
+
+    ``step_keys`` are the DataEngine step ids recorded this turn (one per
+    executed action; the tool_call_id stands in without a DataEngine) — the
+    first keys the observation screenshot to its visual-transition summary,
+    all of them feed the chunk ledger. ``actions`` collects the outcome of
+    every device action so the turn's execution result can be rendered.
+    """
+
+    step_keys: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+    actions: list[tuple[str, str, str]] = field(default_factory=list)
+
+    def result(self) -> dict | None:
+        """The turn's execution result in the validator-report shape.
+
+        ``None`` unless an action failed: Flash executes synchronously and each
+        action's tool message already carries its outcome, so a result message
+        would only repeat it. A failure is worth its own message because it
+        carries the error the turn ended on.
+        """
+        for name, status, text in self.actions:
+            if status != "success":
+                # Executor messages name the action themselves ("Error
+                # executing click: ..."); prefix only the ones that don't.
+                return {"status": "failed", "error": text if name in text else f"{name}: {text}"}
+        return None
+
+
+class FlashRunner:
+    """Reactive, ultra-fast agent execution loop supporting all VLM providers."""
+
+    def __init__(self, ctx: ArtemisContext, goal: str, max_turns: int | None = None):
+        self.ctx = ctx
+        self.goal = goal
+        try:
+            cfg = load_agent_config()
+            self.max_turns = max_turns if max_turns is not None else cfg.flash.max_turns
+            self.step_summarizer_cfg = cfg.flash.step_summarizer
+            self.memory_runtime_cfg = cfg.memory.runtime
+            self.transcript_cfg = cfg.memory.transcript
+            self.chunking_cfg = cfg.memory.chunking
+        except Exception:
+            self.max_turns = max_turns if max_turns is not None else 0
+            self.step_summarizer_cfg = StepSummarizerConfig()
+            self.memory_runtime_cfg = MemoryRuntimeConfig()
+            self.transcript_cfg = MemoryTranscriptConfig()
+            self.chunking_cfg = None
+
+        self.controller = UnifiedMobileController(ctx)
+        # ``agent_name="flash"`` makes ask_explorer follow ``explorer.flash_mode``
+        # (the Flash profile knob) instead of the Pro profile's tier.
+        self.executor = McpActionExecutor(ctx, self.controller, agent_name="flash")
+        self.summarizer = (
+            VisualStepSummarizer(
+                ctx,
+                model_name=self.step_summarizer_cfg.model,
+                retry_limit=self.memory_runtime_cfg.retry_limit,
+                max_concurrency=self.memory_runtime_cfg.max_concurrency,
+                flush_timeout_s=self.memory_runtime_cfg.flush_timeout_s,
+            )
+            if self.step_summarizer_cfg.enabled
+            else None
+        )
+        # Publish the service on the composition root (ctx.step_memory) so
+        # any co-resident consumer shares this run's summary runtime.
+        if self.summarizer is not None and getattr(ctx, "step_memory", None) is None:
+            try:
+                ctx.step_memory = self.summarizer
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError):
+                pass
+
+    @property
+    def turn_limit(self) -> int | None:
+        """The reactive turn cap, or ``None`` when the loop is unbounded."""
+        try:
+            limit = int(self.max_turns) if self.max_turns is not None else 0
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            return None
+        return limit if limit > 0 else None
+
+    def _video_tools_enabled(self) -> bool:
+        """Same gate the Pro graph applies before binding ``video_analyzer``."""
+        setup = getattr(self.ctx, "execution_setup", None)
+        return getattr(setup, "video_recording_tools_enabled", False) is True
+
+    def _get_tools(self) -> list:
+        # Flash has no tool that writes notes and its prompt never teaches
+        # them, so the Validator set's note readers are left out here.
+        tools = [
+            t
+            for t in VALIDATOR_TOOLS_DECLARATION
+            if t is not READ_NOTE_TOOL and t is not LIST_NOTES_TOOL
+        ]
+        tools.insert(1, CLICK_SEQUENCE_TOOL)
+        tools.append(ASK_EXPLORER_TOOL)
+        # Helper tools shared with the Pro operator: the history tools are
+        # declared from the very same args schemas the LangChain tools bind
+        # (same availability gates: a DataEngine session, recall config).
+        tools.extend(history_tool_declarations(self.ctx))
+        if self._video_tools_enabled():
+            from artemis.tools.video_tool import VIDEO_ANALYZER_TOOL
+
+            tools.append(VIDEO_ANALYZER_TOOL)
+        tools.append(REPORT_TASK_STATUS_TOOL)
+        # With an actuator installed, drop declarations for device actions the
+        # backend does not implement (and append its extension tools); without
+        # one, the full historical declaration set is kept.
+        actuator = getattr(self.ctx, "actuator", None)
+        if actuator is not None:
+            from artemis.mcp.action_manifest import filter_declarations
+
+            tools = filter_declarations(tools, actuator, "flash")
+        return tools
+
+    def _prune_intermediate_screenshots(self, messages: list[BaseMessage]) -> None:
+        """Prunes binary screenshot blocks from intermediate observation messages."""
+        prune_intermediate_screenshots(messages)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # run() setup helpers
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _build_ledger(self) -> TranscriptLedger:
+        """Builds the session transcript ledger with the shared Pro history policy.
+
+        The ``T+mm:ss`` clock is anchored to the DataEngine session start so
+        the observation headers, the chunk ledger lines and the video
+        analyzer's action timeline share one origin. L2/L3 chunk compression
+        needs DataEngine step records; without an engine the ledger runs
+        scrub-edge-only.
+        """
+        engine = getattr(self.ctx, "data_engine", None)
+        session_start = getattr(engine, "session_start_time", None) if engine else None
+        cfg = self.transcript_cfg
+        ledger = TranscriptLedger(
+            step_memory=self.summarizer,
+            prune_history_xml=self.step_summarizer_cfg.prune_history_xml,
+            image_scrub_depth=getattr(cfg, "image_scrub_depth", 3),
+            pending_grace_steps=getattr(cfg, "pending_grace_steps", 3),
+            xml_scrub_depth=getattr(cfg, "xml_scrub_depth", 1),
+            image_scrub_depth_relaxed=getattr(cfg, "image_scrub_depth_relaxed", None),
+            context_budget_tokens=getattr(cfg, "context_budget_tokens", None),
+            start_ratio=getattr(cfg, "start_ratio", None),
+            session_start=session_start if isinstance(session_start, (int, float)) else None,
+        )
+        if engine is not None:
+            try:
+                from artemis.memory import HistoryChunkManager
+
+                ledger.attach_chunker(
+                    HistoryChunkManager(
+                        engine=engine,
+                        ctx=self.ctx,
+                        chunking_config=self.chunking_cfg,
+                        transcript_config=cfg,
+                        goal=self.goal,
+                    )
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(f"History chunk manager unavailable for FlashRunner: {e}")
+        try:
+            self.ctx.transcript_ledger = ledger
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError):
+            pass
+        return ledger
+
+    #: The model of the current run; decides how screenshot tool results travel.
+    _llm = None
+
+    def _init_llm(self):
+        """Initializes the Universal LLM via the Service Layer."""
+        return get_llm(self.ctx, name="operator")
+
+    def _render_system_prompt(self, tools_declaration: list) -> str:
+        """Renders the system prompt from the flash_runner.md template.
+
+        Tool-teaching segments are gated on the available tool set so an absent
+        tool leaves no trace in the prompt; until an actuator is wired in, the
+        full manifest set reproduces the historical prompt.
+        """
+        prompt_path = Path(__file__).parent / "flash_runner.md"
+        prompt_template = prompt_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        available_tools = frozenset(t.name for t in tools_declaration)
+        return Template(prompt_template).render(goal=self.goal, available_tools=available_tools)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Per-turn helpers (observe / think)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    async def _read_injected_instruction(
+        self, offset_label: str | None = None
+    ) -> tuple[str | None, UserGuidance | None]:
+        """Consumes this turn's injected instruction: ``(instruction, guidance)``.
+
+        ``instruction`` is the user's text verbatim — what the step record,
+        the chunk ledger and the visual-transition lens receive (the same
+        shape Pro stamps). ``guidance`` is the shared user-guidance pair
+        (:func:`render_user_guidance`, the Pro rendering without a plan to
+        edit): the ephemeral ``--- User Guidance ---`` wrapper and the
+        persistent verbatim body, both riding on the observation tail.
+        ``offset_label`` stamps the body with the session offset. Both are
+        None when nothing was injected.
+        """
+        if not (self.ctx.data_engine and self.ctx.data_engine.base_dir):
+            return None, None
+        try:
+            injected_payload = await asyncio.to_thread(
+                _check_injected_instruction_file,
+                str(self.ctx.data_engine.base_dir),
+            )
+        except (OSError, ValueError, AttributeError) as e:
+            logger.warning(f"Failed to check injected instruction in FlashRunner: {e}")
+            return None, None
+        if not (injected_payload and injected_payload.get("instruction")):
+            return None, None
+        instruction = str(injected_payload["instruction"])
+        guidance = render_user_guidance(
+            instruction,
+            release_loop=bool(injected_payload.get("release_loop")),
+            has_plan=False,
+            offset_label=offset_label,
+        )
+        return instruction, guidance
+
+    def _build_tail(
+        self,
+        ledger: TranscriptLedger,
+        turns: int,
+        img_bytes,
+        xml_list,
+        *,
+        injected: UserGuidance | None = None,
+        notices: list[str] | None = None,
+        is_final: bool = False,
+        previous_turn_silent: bool = False,
+    ) -> HumanMessage:
+        """Builds this turn's observation tail (Pro observation shape).
+
+        Header, screenshot and UI list carry the same markers as the Pro
+        operator's tail so the ledger's scrub edge treats both alike. The
+        objective is stated once, in the system prompt; the tail never repeats
+        it. Every per-turn notice (nudges, the user-guidance wrapper, the
+        final-turn warning, the reasoning reminder after a silent turn) is
+        marked ephemeral so it leaves the transcript with the recent window.
+        The verbatim body of an injected instruction is the one exception: it
+        is a regular block, so a standing instruction stays in the active
+        window until the turn is chunked (the chunk's user lines carry it on).
+        """
+        # ``turns`` is kept for call-site symmetry: the tail has the same shape
+        # on every turn.
+        blocks: list[dict] = [
+            {"type": "text", "text": f"# CURRENT OBSERVATION [{ledger.elapsed_label()}]"}
+        ]
+        if img_bytes:
+            img_b64 = base64.b64encode(img_bytes).decode("utf-8")
+            blocks.append({"type": "text", "text": "--- Current Screenshot ---"})
+            blocks.append(
+                {"type": "image_url", "image_url": {"url": f"data:image/jpeg;base64,{img_b64}"}}
+            )
+        if xml_list:
+            blocks.append({"type": "text", "text": f"{PRO_UI_LIST_MARKER}\n{xml_list}"})
+        ephemeral: list[int] = []
+        # (text, ephemeral) in tail order.
+        per_turn: list[tuple[str, bool]] = [(text, True) for text in (notices or [])]
+        if injected:
+            # The wrapper is per-turn; the verbatim body right after it is a
+            # regular block that stays until the turn is chunked.
+            per_turn.append((injected.wrapper, True))
+            per_turn.append((injected.body, False))
+        if is_final:
+            per_turn.append((_FINAL_TURN_WARNING, True))
+        if previous_turn_silent:
+            per_turn.append((REASONING_REMINDER, True))
+        for text, is_ephemeral in per_turn:
+            if is_ephemeral:
+                ephemeral.append(len(blocks))
+            blocks.append({"type": "text", "text": text})
+        tail = HumanMessage(content=blocks)
+        if ephemeral:
+            mark_ephemeral(tail, ephemeral)
+        return tail
+
+    def _extract_response_text(self, response) -> str:
+        """Extracts the natural-language thought text from the model response."""
+        raw_text = response.content if isinstance(response.content, str) else ""
+        if isinstance(response.content, list):
+            raw_text = "".join(
+                b.get("text", "") for b in response.content if isinstance(b, dict) and "text" in b
+            )
+        return raw_text
+
+    def _extract_response_thinking(self, response) -> str:
+        """Extracts the model's native thinking blocks (thought summaries), if any.
+
+        Providers running with ``include_thoughts`` return them as ``thinking``
+        content blocks next to the ``text`` blocks; they are recorded on the step
+        as ``operator_native_thinking`` and never fed back as reply text.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(response.content, list):
+            return ""
+        parts = [
+            str(b.get("thinking") or "")
+            for b in response.content
+            if isinstance(b, dict) and b.get("type") == "thinking"
+        ]
+        return "\n".join(p for p in parts if p.strip())
+
+    def _token_usage_from_response(self, response) -> dict | None:
+        """Extracts token usage metadata from the model response, if present."""
+        step_token_usage = None
+        if hasattr(response, "usage_metadata") and response.usage_metadata:
+            u = response.usage_metadata
+            pr = u.get("input_tokens") or u.get("prompt_tokens") or 0
+            co = u.get("output_tokens") or u.get("completion_tokens") or 0
+            to = u.get("total_tokens") or (pr + co)
+            if to > 0:
+                step_token_usage = {
+                    "prompt_tokens": int(pr),
+                    "completion_tokens": int(co),
+                    "total_tokens": int(to),
+                }
+        elif hasattr(response, "response_metadata") and isinstance(
+            response.response_metadata, dict
+        ):
+            u = response.response_metadata.get("usage_metadata") or response.response_metadata.get(
+                "token_usage"
+            )
+            if isinstance(u, dict):
+                pr = (
+                    u.get("input_tokens")
+                    or u.get("prompt_tokens")
+                    or u.get("prompt_token_count")
+                    or 0
+                )
+                co = (
+                    u.get("output_tokens")
+                    or u.get("completion_tokens")
+                    or u.get("candidates_token_count")
+                    or 0
+                )
+                to = u.get("total_tokens") or u.get("total_token_count") or (pr + co)
+                if to > 0:
+                    step_token_usage = {
+                        "prompt_tokens": int(pr),
+                        "completion_tokens": int(co),
+                        "total_tokens": int(to),
+                    }
+        return step_token_usage
+
+    def _estimate_token_usage(self, messages: list[BaseMessage], raw_text: str) -> dict:
+        """Approximates token usage from message sizes when metadata is absent."""
+        calc_prompt_chars = 0
+        calc_images = 0
+        for msg in messages:
+            c = getattr(msg, "content", "")
+            if isinstance(c, str):
+                calc_prompt_chars += len(c)
+            elif isinstance(c, list):
+                for block in c:
+                    if isinstance(block, dict):
+                        if block.get("type") == "image_url" or "image_url" in block:
+                            calc_images += 1
+                        else:
+                            calc_prompt_chars += len(str(block.get("text", "")))
+                    else:
+                        calc_prompt_chars += len(str(block))
+        prompt_tokens = (calc_prompt_chars // 4) + (calc_images * 258)
+        completion_tokens = len(raw_text) // 4
+        return {
+            "prompt_tokens": max(1, prompt_tokens),
+            "completion_tokens": max(1, completion_tokens),
+            "total_tokens": max(1, prompt_tokens + completion_tokens),
+        }
+
+    def _resolve_token_usage(
+        self, response, messages: list[BaseMessage], raw_text: str
+    ) -> tuple[dict, bool]:
+        """Token usage for the call and whether the provider measured it.
+
+        Falls back to an estimate when the response carries no usage
+        metadata; the flag lets the caller keep an estimate out of the
+        ledger's chars-per-token calibration (an estimate is itself derived
+        from character counts, so calibrating on it would be circular).
+        """
+        step_token_usage = self._token_usage_from_response(response)
+        if step_token_usage and step_token_usage.get("total_tokens", 0) > 0:
+            return step_token_usage, True
+        return self._estimate_token_usage(messages, raw_text), False
+
+    def _record_llm_trace(self, step_token_usage: dict, raw_text: str) -> None:
+        """Records the llm_call trace for this turn in the DataEngine."""
+        if self.ctx.data_engine:
+            current_step_id = getattr(self.ctx.data_engine, "current_step_id", None)
+            self.ctx.data_engine.record_trace(
+                type="llm_call",
+                name="FlashRunner",
+                payload={"token_usage": step_token_usage, "response": raw_text},
+                step_id=current_step_id,
+                status="success",
+            )
+
+    def _resolve_tool_calls(self, response, raw_text: str) -> list:
+        """Returns native tool calls, falling back to text parsing if absent."""
+        tool_calls = response.tool_calls or []
+
+        # Fallback text parsing if tool_calls not parsed natively
+        if not tool_calls and "```json" in raw_text:
+            parsed = parse_structured(raw_text)
+            if isinstance(parsed, ParseFailure):
+                logger.warning(
+                    "FlashRunner response contained a JSON block that could"
+                    f" not be parsed: {parsed.error}"
+                )
+            elif isinstance(parsed, dict) and "name" in parsed:
+                tool_calls = [
+                    {
+                        "name": parsed["name"],
+                        "args": parsed.get("args", {}),
+                        "id": str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                    }
+                ]
+        return tool_calls
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Per-tool-call helpers (act / record / report)
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    async def _finalize_task_report(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        args: dict,
+        tc_id: str,
+        raw_text: str,
+        step_token_usage: dict,
+        pre_screenshot_bytes,
+        xml_list,
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
+        native_text: str | None = None,
+    ) -> dict:
+        """Records the final step, acknowledges the tool call, and flushes."""
+        final_report = args
+        if self.ctx.data_engine:
+            try:
+                if self.ctx.data_engine.current_step_id is None:
+                    self.ctx.data_engine.allocate_step_id()
+                self.ctx.data_engine.record_step(
+                    pre_screenshot_bytes=pre_screenshot_bytes,
+                    ui_tree=xml_list,
+                    action_taken={"action": "report_task_status", "args": args},
+                    operator_raw_thinking=raw_text,
+                    operator_native_thinking=native_text or None,
+                    last_execution_result={"result": "Task completed with final report."},
+                    extra_metadata={"token_usage": step_token_usage},
+                )
+            except Exception as step_err:
+                logger.warning(f"Error recording final step in FlashRunner: {step_err}")
+        messages.append(
+            ToolMessage(
+                tool_call_id=tc_id,
+                name=name,
+                content=json.dumps({"status": "acknowledged"}),
+                status="success",
+            )
+        )
+        if self.summarizer:
+            await self.summarizer.flush()
+        return final_report
+
+    async def _capture_post_screenshot(
+        self, exec_result, name: str, action_names, state: State | None = None
+    ):
+        """Returns the post-action screenshot, capturing a fallback if needed.
+
+        When a device action produced no observation (a failed action, an
+        unknown tool, ...) the screen is observed through the very same
+        pipeline the executor's success path uses (:func:`observe`), so the
+        next observation tail carries the indexed minimal UI list and
+        ``state`` gets the same refreshed screenshot path and indexed
+        elements. Nothing is captured for non-action tools.
+        """
+        post_img_bytes = exec_result.screenshot_bytes
+        if post_img_bytes or name not in action_names:
+            return post_img_bytes
+        try:
+            obs, screenshot_bytes = await observe(self.ctx, self.controller, settle_ms=0)
+        except Exception as shot_err:
+            logger.warning(f"Failed to capture fallback screenshot in FlashRunner: {shot_err}")
+            return post_img_bytes
+        if not obs.ok:
+            logger.warning(f"Failed to capture fallback screenshot in FlashRunner: {obs.message}")
+            return post_img_bytes
+        post_img_bytes = screenshot_bytes
+        if not exec_result.ui_elements_text:
+            exec_result.ui_elements_text = obs.elements_text
+        if not exec_result.screenshot_path and obs.screenshot_path:
+            exec_result.screenshot_path = obs.screenshot_path
+        if state is not None:
+            if obs.hierarchy_ok:
+                state.indexed_points = [el["center"] for el in obs.elements]
+                state.indexed_elements = obs.elements
+            if obs.screenshot_path:
+                state.latest_screenshot = obs.screenshot_path
+        return post_img_bytes
+
+    def _extract_normalized_coordinates(self, name: str, args: dict, resolved=None):
+        """Extracts and enriches coordinate metadata for the recorded action.
+
+        ``resolved`` is the normalized point the executor sent a point action
+        to; it is the coordinate of record when the model addressed an element
+        by index (the arguments then carry no point at all).
+        """
+        norm_coords = None
+        norm_start = None
+        norm_end = None
+        if name in ("click", "tap", "long_press", "input_text") and (
+            isinstance(resolved, (list, tuple)) and len(resolved) == 2
+        ):
+            return [int(resolved[0]), int(resolved[1])], None, None
+        if name == "swipe":
+            kind, target_val, _ = parse_swipe_parameters(args)
+            if kind == "coords" and isinstance(target_val, list) and len(target_val) == 4:
+                norm_coords = target_val
+                norm_start = target_val[:2]
+                norm_end = target_val[2:]
+            elif kind == "direction" and isinstance(target_val, str):
+                g_lower = target_val.lower()
+                if "up" in g_lower:
+                    norm_coords = [600, 700, 600, 300]
+                elif "down" in g_lower:
+                    norm_coords = [600, 300, 600, 700]
+                elif "left" in g_lower:
+                    norm_coords = [750, 500, 250, 500]
+                elif "right" in g_lower:
+                    norm_coords = [250, 500, 750, 500]
+                if norm_coords:
+                    norm_start = norm_coords[:2]
+                    norm_end = norm_coords[2:]
+        elif name in ("click", "tap", "long_press", "input_text"):
+            target = args.get("target") or args.get("coordinates")
+            if isinstance(target, (list, tuple)) and len(target) == 2:
+                norm_coords = list(target)
+            elif isinstance(target, str):
+                nums = re.findall(r"-?\d+(?:\.\d+)?", target)
+                if len(nums) == 2:
+                    norm_coords = [int(float(nums[0])), int(float(nums[1]))]
+        return norm_coords, norm_start, norm_end
+
+    def _build_action_record(self, name: str, args: dict, exec_result) -> dict:
+        """The action as the step record and the visual lens see it.
+
+        Flash records the model's own 0–1000 coordinates verbatim (an index
+        target records the point the executor resolved it to); the explicit
+        space marker keeps every later normalization pass (agent-friendly
+        steps, MCP inspector) a no-op on this record. The tool arguments ride
+        along under ``args``, and the target semantics the executor validated
+        (observed element fields for an index, the model's own
+        ``target_description`` for a point) land top level in the shape Pro
+        records.
+        """
+        metadata = getattr(exec_result, "metadata", None) or {}
+        resolved = metadata.get("target_coordinates")
+        norm_coords, norm_start, norm_end = self._extract_normalized_coordinates(
+            name, args, resolved=resolved
+        )
+        given = args.get("target") or args.get("coordinates") or args.get("sequence")
+        if isinstance(given, (int, float)) and not isinstance(given, bool):
+            given = None  # An element index is not a coordinate.
+        action_dict = {
+            "action": name,
+            "coordinates": given or norm_coords,
+            COORDINATE_SPACE_KEY: COORDINATE_SPACE_NORMALIZED,
+            "args": args,
+        }
+        if norm_coords:
+            action_dict["normalized_coordinates"] = norm_coords
+        if norm_start and norm_end:
+            action_dict["normalized_start_coordinates"] = norm_start
+            action_dict["normalized_end_coordinates"] = norm_end
+        action_dict.update(metadata.get("target_semantics") or {})
+        return action_dict
+
+    def _record_action_step(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        args: dict,
+        exec_result,
+        raw_text: str,
+        step_token_usage: dict,
+        pre_screenshot_bytes,
+        xml_list,
+        post_img_bytes,
+        injected: str | None = None,
+        native_text: str | None = None,
+        action_dict: dict | None = None,
+    ):
+        """Records telemetry / step in DataEngine; returns the step id or None."""
+        recorded_step_id = None
+        try:
+            if self.ctx.data_engine.current_step_id is None:
+                self.ctx.data_engine.allocate_step_id()
+
+            if action_dict is None:
+                action_dict = self._build_action_record(name, args, exec_result)
+
+            succeeded = exec_result.status == "success"
+            last_execution_result = {
+                "status": "dispatched" if succeeded else "failed",
+                "result": exec_result.text_summary,
+            }
+            if not succeeded:
+                last_execution_result["error"] = exec_result.text_summary
+
+            extra_metadata: dict = {"token_usage": step_token_usage}
+            if injected:
+                # Stamped verbatim on the step it reached: the chunk ledger
+                # keeps it as a never-evicted line at every compression level.
+                extra_metadata["injected_instruction"] = injected
+
+            recorded_step_id = self.ctx.data_engine.record_step(
+                pre_screenshot_bytes=pre_screenshot_bytes,
+                post_screenshot_bytes=post_img_bytes,
+                ui_tree=(exec_result.ui_elements_text or xml_list),
+                action_taken=action_dict,
+                operator_raw_thinking=raw_text,
+                operator_native_thinking=native_text or None,
+                last_execution_result=last_execution_result,
+                extra_metadata=extra_metadata,
+            )
+            self._notify_history_chunker(recorded_step_id)
+        except Exception as step_err:
+            logger.warning(f"Error recording step in FlashRunner: {step_err}")
+        return recorded_step_id
+
+    def _notify_history_chunker(self, step_id) -> None:
+        """Stamps the recorded step for the chunk manager (single segment, no plan)."""
+        ledger = getattr(self.ctx, "transcript_ledger", None)
+        chunker = getattr(ledger, "chunker", None) if ledger is not None else None
+        if chunker is None or step_id is None:
+            return
+        try:
+            chunker.on_step_stamped(str(step_id), None)
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.warning(f"History chunker step stamp failed: {e}")
+
+    async def _execute_and_record_action(
+        self,
+        name: str,
+        args: dict,
+        tc_id: str,
+        state: State,
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
+        raw_text: str,
+        step_token_usage: dict,
+        pre_screenshot_bytes,
+        xml_list,
+        action_sequence: int,
+        turn: _TurnRecord,
+        injected: str | None = None,
+        native_text: str | None = None,
+        index_elements: list[dict] | None = None,
+    ):
+        """Executes one tool call, records it, and updates loop state.
+
+        The tool message carries the outcome text only; the post-action
+        screenshot and UI list become the next turn's observation tail.
+        ``index_elements`` is the turn's element snapshot index targets
+        resolve against (see :meth:`_process_tool_calls`); ``None`` resolves
+        against the state's current list. Returns the (possibly updated)
+        pre_screenshot_bytes, xml_list, and action_sequence for the next
+        iteration.
+        """
+        # Dynamic dispatch set: manifest device actions plus any backend
+        # extension tools, so extension steps are recorded like actions.
+        action_names = self.executor.action_tool_names
+        try:
+            exec_result = await self.executor.execute(
+                name, args, tc_id, state, index_elements=index_elements
+            )
+
+            post_img_bytes = await self._capture_post_screenshot(
+                exec_result, name, action_names, state
+            )
+
+            # One record shape for the DataEngine step and the visual lens.
+            action_dict = (
+                self._build_action_record(name, args, exec_result) if name in action_names else None
+            )
+
+            # Record telemetry / step in DataEngine
+            recorded_step_id = None
+            if self.ctx.data_engine and name in action_names:
+                recorded_step_id = self._record_action_step(
+                    name,
+                    args,
+                    exec_result,
+                    raw_text,
+                    step_token_usage,
+                    pre_screenshot_bytes,
+                    xml_list,
+                    post_img_bytes,
+                    injected=injected,
+                    native_text=native_text,
+                    action_dict=action_dict,
+                )
+
+            if name in action_names:
+                turn.step_keys.append(str(recorded_step_id) if recorded_step_id else str(tc_id))
+                turn.actions.append((name, exec_result.status, exec_result.text_summary))
+
+            # ⚡ Non-blocking dispatch of objective visual transition summarizer
+            if self.summarizer and name in action_names:
+                action_sequence += 1
+                self.summarizer.dispatch(
+                    step_number=action_sequence,
+                    action_name=name,
+                    # The recorded action minus its verb: the same shape the Pro
+                    # summarizer hands the lens, so the phrase renders alike.
+                    action_args={k: v for k, v in action_dict.items() if k != "action"},
+                    pre_img_bytes=pre_screenshot_bytes,
+                    post_img_bytes=post_img_bytes,
+                    exec_outcome=exec_result.text_summary,
+                    action_key=str(tc_id),
+                    data_engine_step_id=recorded_step_id,
+                    # The model's own reasoning for this turn steers the lens's
+                    # attention; the target it named rides on ``args``.
+                    focus=build_focus_context(
+                        intent=raw_text,
+                        goal=self.goal,
+                        injected_instruction=injected,
+                    ),
+                )
+
+            if post_img_bytes:
+                pre_screenshot_bytes = post_img_bytes
+            if exec_result.ui_elements_text:
+                xml_list = exec_result.ui_elements_text
+
+            # Helper tools may return multimodal blocks (a step screenshot);
+            # device actions always report text — their post screenshot is the
+            # next observation tail, never a tool-message image. The image
+            # carrier follows the model's provider (tool_result_messages).
+            raw_blocks = exec_result.raw_result if name not in action_names else None
+            content = (
+                raw_blocks
+                if isinstance(raw_blocks, list) and raw_blocks
+                else exec_result.text_summary or f"Action '{name}' dispatched."
+            )
+            messages.extend(
+                tool_result_messages(
+                    tc_id, content, name=name, status=exec_result.status, llm=self._llm
+                )
+            )
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"Error executing tool {name}: {e}")
+            if name in action_names:
+                turn.step_keys.append(str(tc_id))
+                turn.actions.append((name, "error", f"Error executing tool {name}: {e}"))
+            messages.append(
+                ToolMessage(
+                    tool_call_id=tc_id,
+                    name=name,
+                    content=f"Error executing tool {name}: {e}",
+                    status="error",
+                )
+            )
+        return pre_screenshot_bytes, xml_list, action_sequence
+
+    async def _invoke_model(self, llm, current_tools: list, messages: list[BaseMessage]):
+        """Binds the active tools and invokes the model through the LLM gateway."""
+        # Bind active tools
+        bound_llm = llm.bind_tools(current_tools)
+
+        # Invoke Model. Streaming, live-token UI deltas, classified
+        # retries, and pause/resume are all owned by the LLM gateway
+        # (acomplete); a typed LLMCallError propagates if it gives up.
+        return await invoke_llm_with_timeout_message(
+            acomplete(bound_llm, messages), timeout_seconds=10, hard_timeout=180
+        )
+
+    async def _process_tool_calls(
+        self,
+        tool_calls: list,
+        state: State,
+        messages: list[BaseMessage],
+        raw_text: str,
+        step_token_usage: dict,
+        pre_screenshot_bytes,
+        xml_list,
+        action_sequence: int,
+        turn: _TurnRecord,
+        injected: str | None = None,
+        native_text: str | None = None,
+    ):
+        """Dispatches the turn's tool calls.
+
+        Every index target of the turn resolves against the element list the
+        model decided on: the list of the observation this turn was built
+        from, snapshotted here before the first action. Each action still
+        refreshes ``state.indexed_elements`` (that refreshed list is what the
+        next observation shows), so without the snapshot ``click(5)`` after
+        ``click(3)`` would be resolved against the screen after the first
+        click.
+
+        The snapshot is the very list object the observation left on the
+        state (not a copy), and observations replace the state's list rather
+        than mutating it, so ``ask_explorer`` candidates registered before
+        any action land in the snapshot by construction. When a helper tool
+        appends candidates after an action has already replaced the state's
+        list, the explorer numbered them against that replaced list, so the
+        snapshot is re-taken from it: indices the explorer just handed out
+        resolve correctly, at the cost of the pre-action numbering (mixing
+        the two in one turn is the model's error, not a supported case).
+
+        Returns (final_report, pre_screenshot_bytes, xml_list, action_sequence);
+        final_report is non-None only when 'report_task_status' was called.
+        """
+        action_names = self.executor.action_tool_names
+        index_elements = self._turn_index_snapshot(state)
+        for tc in tool_calls:
+            name = tc["name"].split(":")[-1] if ":" in tc["name"] else tc["name"]
+            args = tc.get("args") or {}
+            tc_id = tc.get("id") or str(uuid.uuid4())
+            logger.info(f"Executing Flash tool: {name}({args})")
+
+            if name == "report_task_status":
+                final_report = await self._finalize_task_report(
+                    name,
+                    args,
+                    tc_id,
+                    raw_text,
+                    step_token_usage,
+                    pre_screenshot_bytes,
+                    xml_list,
+                    messages,
+                    native_text=native_text,
+                )
+                return final_report, pre_screenshot_bytes, xml_list, action_sequence
+
+            elements_before = getattr(state, "indexed_elements", None)
+            before_len = len(elements_before) if isinstance(elements_before, list) else 0
+            pre_screenshot_bytes, xml_list, action_sequence = await self._execute_and_record_action(
+                name,
+                args,
+                tc_id,
+                state,
+                messages,
+                raw_text,
+                step_token_usage,
+                pre_screenshot_bytes,
+                xml_list,
+                action_sequence,
+                turn,
+                injected=injected,
+                native_text=native_text,
+                index_elements=index_elements,
+            )
+            if name not in action_names:
+                index_elements = self._extend_index_snapshot(state, index_elements, before_len)
+        return None, pre_screenshot_bytes, xml_list, action_sequence
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _turn_index_snapshot(state: State) -> list[dict]:
+        """The element list this turn's index targets resolve against.
+
+        The state's list object itself, so in-place appends (explorer
+        candidates) before any action join the snapshot; an empty list is
+        installed on the state when there is none, for the same reason.
+        """
+        elements = getattr(state, "indexed_elements", None)
+        if not isinstance(elements, list):
+            elements = []
+            try:
+                state.indexed_elements = elements
+            except (AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError):
+                pass
+        return elements
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extend_index_snapshot(state: State, snapshot: list[dict], before_len: int) -> list[dict]:
+        """Re-takes the snapshot after a helper tool appended candidates to a
+        list that is no longer the snapshot (an action replaced it first).
+
+        Appends into the snapshot itself need nothing: the explorer numbered
+        them against the snapshot. Only growth of a different list object
+        moves the snapshot, since that is the list the new numbers refer to.
+        """
+        current = getattr(state, "indexed_elements", None)
+        if not isinstance(current, list) or current is snapshot:
+            return snapshot
+        if len(current) > before_len:
+            return current
+        return snapshot
+
+    async def _prepare_conversation(self, state: State, tools_declaration: list):
+        """Installs the static prefix and captures the initial device state."""
+        ledger = self._build_ledger()
+        ledger.set_static_prefix(
+            [SystemMessage(content=self._render_system_prompt(tools_declaration))]
+        )
+
+        # Capture Initial State (Screenshot + UI Tree)
+        shot_path, img_bytes, xml_list = await capture_screenshot_and_parse_ui(
+            self.ctx, state, self.controller, skip_settling=False
+        )
+        state.latest_screenshot = shot_path
+        return ledger, img_bytes, xml_list
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _commit_turn(ledger: TranscriptLedger, turn: _TurnRecord | None) -> None:
+        """Commits the previous turn once its step ids and outcomes are known."""
+        if turn is None:
+            return
+        ledger.commit_staged(
+            step_key=turn.step_keys[0] if turn.step_keys else None,
+            validator_result=turn.result(),
+            extra_step_keys=turn.step_keys[1:],
+        )
+
+    @trace(type="agent", name="FlashRunner")
+    async def run(self, state: State) -> dict:
+        limit = self.turn_limit
+        logger.info(
+            f"Starting Artemis Flash reactive loop for goal: {self.goal}"
+            f" (turn limit: {limit if limit else 'unlimited'})"
+        )
+
+        # 1. Initialize Universal LLM via Service Layer
+        llm = self._init_llm()
+        self._llm = llm
+
+        tools_declaration = self._get_tools()
+        report_only_tools = [t for t in tools_declaration if t.name == "report_task_status"]
+
+        ledger, img_bytes, xml_list = await self._prepare_conversation(state, tools_declaration)
+
+        turns = 0
+        action_sequence = 0
+        final_report = None
+        current_pre_screenshot_bytes = img_bytes
+        current_xml_list = xml_list
+        previous_turn: _TurnRecord | None = None
+        pending_notices: list[str] = []
+
+        while limit is None or turns < limit:
+            turns += 1
+            logger.info(f"--- Artemis Flash Turn {turns}{f'/{limit}' if limit else ''} ---")
+
+            if self.ctx.data_engine:
+                self.ctx.data_engine.allocate_step_id()
+
+            # Commit the previous turn: its step ids and outcomes exist now.
+            self._commit_turn(ledger, previous_turn)
+            previous_turn = None
+
+            # Check for real-time injected instructions: the verbatim text
+            # is stamped on the step, the guidance pair goes to the tail.
+            injected, injected_guidance = await self._read_injected_instruction(
+                ledger.elapsed_label()
+            )
+
+            # Tool restriction on the final turn (bounded loops only)
+            is_final = limit is not None and turns == limit
+            tail = self._build_tail(
+                ledger,
+                turns,
+                current_pre_screenshot_bytes,
+                current_xml_list,
+                injected=injected_guidance,
+                notices=pending_notices,
+                is_final=is_final,
+                # The ledger judged the turn it just committed: a bare tool
+                # call (or thinking only) earns a one-line reminder, no bounce.
+                previous_turn_silent=bool(getattr(ledger, "last_turn_silent", False)),
+            )
+            pending_notices = []
+
+            # S + F + A + tail: chunk compression and the scrub edge advance here.
+            messages = ledger.render([tail])
+            turn_base = len(messages) - 1
+            current_tools = report_only_tools if is_final else tools_declaration
+
+            response = await self._invoke_model(llm, current_tools, messages)
+
+            if response is None:
+                break
+
+            messages.append(response)
+
+            # Extract thought and tool calls
+            raw_text = self._extract_response_text(response)
+            native_text = self._extract_response_thinking(response)
+
+            # Extract token usage metadata from response
+            step_token_usage, measured = self._resolve_token_usage(response, messages, raw_text)
+            # The ledger's compaction thresholds read the runner's own prompt
+            # size, never the session-wide meter (which any agent overwrites).
+            # The prompt as sent (``messages`` minus the just-appended reply)
+            # rides along so the ledger can calibrate its chars-per-token
+            # ratio — only from a provider measurement, never from the
+            # estimate (same as the Pro operator).
+            ledger.record_prompt_tokens(
+                step_token_usage.get("prompt_tokens"),
+                messages=messages[:-1] if measured else None,
+            )
+
+            self._record_llm_trace(step_token_usage, raw_text)
+
+            tool_calls = self._resolve_tool_calls(response, raw_text)
+
+            if not tool_calls:
+                logger.info(
+                    f"FlashRunner received response without tool calls at turn {turns}:"
+                    f" {raw_text[:100]}..."
+                )
+                if is_final:
+                    final_report = {"status": "failed", "explanation": raw_text}
+                    break
+                pending_notices.append(_NO_TOOL_CALL_NOTICE)
+                ledger.stage_turn(messages[turn_base:])
+                previous_turn = _TurnRecord()
+                continue
+
+            # Process tool calls
+            turn = _TurnRecord()
+            (
+                final_report_from_calls,
+                current_pre_screenshot_bytes,
+                current_xml_list,
+                action_sequence,
+            ) = await self._process_tool_calls(
+                tool_calls,
+                state,
+                messages,
+                raw_text,
+                step_token_usage,
+                current_pre_screenshot_bytes,
+                current_xml_list,
+                action_sequence,
+                turn,
+                injected=injected,
+                native_text=native_text,
+            )
+            ledger.stage_turn(messages[turn_base:])
+            previous_turn = turn
+            if final_report_from_calls is not None:
+                return final_report_from_calls
+
+        if self.summarizer:
+            await self.summarizer.flush()
+
+        if final_report is None:
+            explanation = (
+                "Max turns reached without final status report."
+                if limit is not None and turns >= limit
+                else "The model returned no response; the reactive loop stopped."
+            )
+            final_report = {"status": "failed", "explanation": explanation}
+        return final_report