altimate-code 0.5.2 → 0.5.3

package/dbt-tools/dist/altimate_python_packages/altimate_packages/sqlglot/dialects/clickhouse.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1393 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+import typing as t
+import datetime
+from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens
+from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
+    Dialect,
+    NormalizationStrategy,
+    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
+    build_date_delta,
+    build_formatted_time,
+    inline_array_sql,
+    json_extract_segments,
+    json_path_key_only_name,
+    length_or_char_length_sql,
+    no_pivot_sql,
+    build_json_extract_path,
+    rename_func,
+    remove_from_array_using_filter,
+    sha256_sql,
+    strposition_sql,
+    var_map_sql,
+    timestamptrunc_sql,
+    unit_to_var,
+    trim_sql,
+)
+from sqlglot.generator import Generator
+from sqlglot.helper import is_int, seq_get
+from sqlglot.tokens import Token, TokenType
+from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
+
+DATEΤΙΜΕ_DELTA = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.DateDiff, exp.DateSub, exp.TimestampSub, exp.TimestampAdd]
+
+
+def _build_date_format(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
+    expr = build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "clickhouse")(args)
+
+    timezone = seq_get(args, 2)
+    if timezone:
+        expr.set("zone", timezone)
+
+    return expr
+
+
+def _unix_to_time_sql(self: ClickHouse.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
+    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
+    timestamp = expression.this
+
+    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
+        return self.func("fromUnixTimestamp", exp.cast(timestamp, exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT))
+    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
+        return self.func("fromUnixTimestamp64Milli", exp.cast(timestamp, exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT))
+    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
+        return self.func("fromUnixTimestamp64Micro", exp.cast(timestamp, exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT))
+    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.NANOS:
+        return self.func("fromUnixTimestamp64Nano", exp.cast(timestamp, exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT))
+
+    return self.func(
+        "fromUnixTimestamp",
+        exp.cast(
+            exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)), exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def _lower_func(sql: str) -> str:
+    index = sql.index("(")
+    return sql[:index].lower() + sql[index:]
+
+
+def _quantile_sql(self: ClickHouse.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
+    quantile = expression.args["quantile"]
+    args = f"({self.sql(expression, 'this')})"
+
+    if isinstance(quantile, exp.Array):
+        func = self.func("quantiles", *quantile)
+    else:
+        func = self.func("quantile", quantile)
+
+    return func + args
+
+
+def _build_count_if(args: t.List) -> exp.CountIf | exp.CombinedAggFunc:
+    if len(args) == 1:
+        return exp.CountIf(this=seq_get(args, 0))
+
+    return exp.CombinedAggFunc(this="countIf", expressions=args)
+
+
+def _build_str_to_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Cast | exp.Anonymous:
+    if len(args) == 3:
+        return exp.Anonymous(this="STR_TO_DATE", expressions=args)
+
+    strtodate = exp.StrToDate.from_arg_list(args)
+    return exp.cast(strtodate, exp.DataType.build(exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME))
+
+
+def _datetime_delta_sql(name: str) -> t.Callable[[Generator, DATEΤΙΜΕ_DELTA], str]:
+    def _delta_sql(self: Generator, expression: DATEΤΙΜΕ_DELTA) -> str:
+        if not expression.unit:
+            return rename_func(name)(self, expression)
+
+        return self.func(
+            name,
+            unit_to_var(expression),
+            expression.expression,
+            expression.this,
+            expression.args.get("zone"),
+        )
+
+    return _delta_sql
+
+
+def _timestrtotime_sql(self: ClickHouse.Generator, expression: exp.TimeStrToTime):
+    ts = expression.this
+
+    tz = expression.args.get("zone")
+    if tz and isinstance(ts, exp.Literal):
+        # Clickhouse will not accept timestamps that include a UTC offset, so we must remove them.
+        # The first step to removing is parsing the string with `datetime.datetime.fromisoformat`.
+        #
+        # In python <3.11, `fromisoformat()` can only parse timestamps of millisecond (3 digit)
+        # or microsecond (6 digit) precision. It will error if passed any other number of fractional
+        # digits, so we extract the fractional seconds and pad to 6 digits before parsing.
+        ts_string = ts.name.strip()
+
+        # separate [date and time] from [fractional seconds and UTC offset]
+        ts_parts = ts_string.split(".")
+        if len(ts_parts) == 2:
+            # separate fractional seconds and UTC offset
+            offset_sep = "+" if "+" in ts_parts[1] else "-"
+            ts_frac_parts = ts_parts[1].split(offset_sep)
+            num_frac_parts = len(ts_frac_parts)
+
+            # pad to 6 digits if fractional seconds present
+            ts_frac_parts[0] = ts_frac_parts[0].ljust(6, "0")
+            ts_string = "".join(
+                [
+                    ts_parts[0],  # date and time
+                    ".",
+                    ts_frac_parts[0],  # fractional seconds
+                    offset_sep if num_frac_parts > 1 else "",
+                    ts_frac_parts[1] if num_frac_parts > 1 else "",  # utc offset (if present)
+                ]
+            )
+
+        # return literal with no timezone, eg turn '2020-01-01 12:13:14-08:00' into '2020-01-01 12:13:14'
+        # this is because Clickhouse encodes the timezone as a data type parameter and throws an error if
+        # it's part of the timestamp string
+        ts_without_tz = (
+            datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(ts_string).replace(tzinfo=None).isoformat(sep=" ")
+        )
+        ts = exp.Literal.string(ts_without_tz)
+
+    # Non-nullable DateTime64 with microsecond precision
+    expressions = [exp.DataTypeParam(this=tz)] if tz else []
+    datatype = exp.DataType.build(
+        exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64,
+        expressions=[exp.DataTypeParam(this=exp.Literal.number(6)), *expressions],
+        nullable=False,
+    )
+
+    return self.sql(exp.cast(ts, datatype, dialect=self.dialect))
+
+
+def _map_sql(self: ClickHouse.Generator, expression: exp.Map | exp.VarMap) -> str:
+    if not (expression.parent and expression.parent.arg_key == "settings"):
+        return _lower_func(var_map_sql(self, expression))
+
+    keys = expression.args.get("keys")
+    values = expression.args.get("values")
+
+    if not isinstance(keys, exp.Array) or not isinstance(values, exp.Array):
+        self.unsupported("Cannot convert array columns into map.")
+        return ""
+
+    args = []
+    for key, value in zip(keys.expressions, values.expressions):
+        args.append(f"{self.sql(key)}: {self.sql(value)}")
+
+    csv_args = ", ".join(args)
+
+    return f"{{{csv_args}}}"
+
+
+class ClickHouse(Dialect):
+    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
+    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
+    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
+    SAFE_DIVISION = True
+    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
+    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
+    PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True
+    NUMBERS_CAN_BE_UNDERSCORE_SEPARATED = True
+    IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT = True
+    HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE = True
+
+    # https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/issues/33935#issue-1112165779
+    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
+
+    UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES = {
+        "\\0": "\0",
+    }
+
+    CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING = {"DATABASE": "SCHEMA"}
+
+    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: t.Dict[t.Type[exp.Expression], t.Optional[bool]] = {
+        exp.Except: False,
+        exp.Intersect: False,
+        exp.Union: None,
+    }
+
+    def generate_values_aliases(self, expression: exp.Values) -> t.List[exp.Identifier]:
+        # Clickhouse allows VALUES to have an embedded structure e.g:
+        # VALUES('person String, place String', ('Noah', 'Paris'), ...)
+        # In this case, we don't want to qualify the columns
+        values = expression.expressions[0].expressions
+
+        structure = (
+            values[0]
+            if (len(values) > 1 and values[0].is_string and isinstance(values[1], exp.Tuple))
+            else None
+        )
+        if structure:
+            # Split each column definition into the column name e.g:
+            # 'person String, place String' -> ['person', 'place']
+            structure_coldefs = [coldef.strip() for coldef in structure.name.split(",")]
+            column_aliases = [
+                exp.to_identifier(coldef.split(" ")[0]) for coldef in structure_coldefs
+            ]
+        else:
+            # Default column aliases in CH are "c1", "c2", etc.
+            column_aliases = [
+                exp.to_identifier(f"c{i + 1}") for i in range(len(values[0].expressions))
+            ]
+
+        return column_aliases
+
+    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
+        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", "#!", ("/*", "*/")]
+        IDENTIFIERS = ['"', "`"]
+        IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
+        STRING_ESCAPES = ["'", "\\"]
+        BIT_STRINGS = [("0b", "")]
+        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
+        HEREDOC_STRINGS = ["$"]
+
+        KEYWORDS = {
+            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
+            ".:": TokenType.DOTCOLON,
+            "ATTACH": TokenType.COMMAND,
+            "DATE32": TokenType.DATE32,
+            "DATETIME64": TokenType.DATETIME64,
+            "DICTIONARY": TokenType.DICTIONARY,
+            "DYNAMIC": TokenType.DYNAMIC,
+            "ENUM8": TokenType.ENUM8,
+            "ENUM16": TokenType.ENUM16,
+            "EXCHANGE": TokenType.COMMAND,
+            "FINAL": TokenType.FINAL,
+            "FIXEDSTRING": TokenType.FIXEDSTRING,
+            "FLOAT32": TokenType.FLOAT,
+            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
+            "GLOBAL": TokenType.GLOBAL,
+            "LOWCARDINALITY": TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY,
+            "MAP": TokenType.MAP,
+            "NESTED": TokenType.NESTED,
+            "NOTHING": TokenType.NOTHING,
+            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
+            "TUPLE": TokenType.STRUCT,
+            "UINT16": TokenType.USMALLINT,
+            "UINT32": TokenType.UINT,
+            "UINT64": TokenType.UBIGINT,
+            "UINT8": TokenType.UTINYINT,
+            "IPV4": TokenType.IPV4,
+            "IPV6": TokenType.IPV6,
+            "POINT": TokenType.POINT,
+            "RING": TokenType.RING,
+            "LINESTRING": TokenType.LINESTRING,
+            "MULTILINESTRING": TokenType.MULTILINESTRING,
+            "POLYGON": TokenType.POLYGON,
+            "MULTIPOLYGON": TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON,
+            "AGGREGATEFUNCTION": TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION,
+            "SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION": TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION,
+            "SYSTEM": TokenType.COMMAND,
+            "PREWHERE": TokenType.PREWHERE,
+        }
+        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
+
+        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
+            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
+            "$": TokenType.HEREDOC_STRING,
+        }
+
+    class Parser(parser.Parser):
+        # Tested in ClickHouse's playground, it seems that the following two queries do the same thing
+        # * select x from t1 union all select x from t2 limit 1;
+        # * select x from t1 union all (select x from t2 limit 1);
+        MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP = False
+        INTERVAL_SPANS = False
+        OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE = False
+
+        FUNCTIONS = {
+            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
+            "ANY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
+            "ARRAYSUM": exp.ArraySum.from_arg_list,
+            "COUNTIF": _build_count_if,
+            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, default_unit=None),
+            "DATEADD": build_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, default_unit=None),
+            "DATE_DIFF": build_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, default_unit=None, supports_timezone=True),
+            "DATEDIFF": build_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, default_unit=None, supports_timezone=True),
+            "DATE_FORMAT": _build_date_format,
+            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta(exp.DateSub, default_unit=None),
+            "DATESUB": build_date_delta(exp.DateSub, default_unit=None),
+            "FORMATDATETIME": _build_date_format,
+            "JSONEXTRACTSTRING": build_json_extract_path(
+                exp.JSONExtractScalar, zero_based_indexing=False
+            ),
+            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
+            "MAP": parser.build_var_map,
+            "MATCH": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
+            "RANDCANONICAL": exp.Rand.from_arg_list,
+            "STR_TO_DATE": _build_str_to_date,
+            "TUPLE": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
+            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta(exp.TimestampSub, default_unit=None),
+            "TIMESTAMPSUB": build_date_delta(exp.TimestampSub, default_unit=None),
+            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta(exp.TimestampAdd, default_unit=None),
+            "TIMESTAMPADD": build_date_delta(exp.TimestampAdd, default_unit=None),
+            "UNIQ": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
+            "XOR": lambda args: exp.Xor(expressions=args),
+            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
+            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
+            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
+            "EDITDISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
+            "LEVENSHTEINDISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
+        }
+        FUNCTIONS.pop("TRANSFORM")
+
+        AGG_FUNCTIONS = {
+            "count",
+            "min",
+            "max",
+            "sum",
+            "avg",
+            "any",
+            "stddevPop",
+            "stddevSamp",
+            "varPop",
+            "varSamp",
+            "corr",
+            "covarPop",
+            "covarSamp",
+            "entropy",
+            "exponentialMovingAverage",
+            "intervalLengthSum",
+            "kolmogorovSmirnovTest",
+            "mannWhitneyUTest",
+            "median",
+            "rankCorr",
+            "sumKahan",
+            "studentTTest",
+            "welchTTest",
+            "anyHeavy",
+            "anyLast",
+            "boundingRatio",
+            "first_value",
+            "last_value",
+            "argMin",
+            "argMax",
+            "avgWeighted",
+            "topK",
+            "topKWeighted",
+            "deltaSum",
+            "deltaSumTimestamp",
+            "groupArray",
+            "groupArrayLast",
+            "groupUniqArray",
+            "groupArrayInsertAt",
+            "groupArrayMovingAvg",
+            "groupArrayMovingSum",
+            "groupArraySample",
+            "groupBitAnd",
+            "groupBitOr",
+            "groupBitXor",
+            "groupBitmap",
+            "groupBitmapAnd",
+            "groupBitmapOr",
+            "groupBitmapXor",
+            "sumWithOverflow",
+            "sumMap",
+            "minMap",
+            "maxMap",
+            "skewSamp",
+            "skewPop",
+            "kurtSamp",
+            "kurtPop",
+            "uniq",
+            "uniqExact",
+            "uniqCombined",
+            "uniqCombined64",
+            "uniqHLL12",
+            "uniqTheta",
+            "quantile",
+            "quantiles",
+            "quantileExact",
+            "quantilesExact",
+            "quantileExactLow",
+            "quantilesExactLow",
+            "quantileExactHigh",
+            "quantilesExactHigh",
+            "quantileExactWeighted",
+            "quantilesExactWeighted",
+            "quantileTiming",
+            "quantilesTiming",
+            "quantileTimingWeighted",
+            "quantilesTimingWeighted",
+            "quantileDeterministic",
+            "quantilesDeterministic",
+            "quantileTDigest",
+            "quantilesTDigest",
+            "quantileTDigestWeighted",
+            "quantilesTDigestWeighted",
+            "quantileBFloat16",
+            "quantilesBFloat16",
+            "quantileBFloat16Weighted",
+            "quantilesBFloat16Weighted",
+            "simpleLinearRegression",
+            "stochasticLinearRegression",
+            "stochasticLogisticRegression",
+            "categoricalInformationValue",
+            "contingency",
+            "cramersV",
+            "cramersVBiasCorrected",
+            "theilsU",
+            "maxIntersections",
+            "maxIntersectionsPosition",
+            "meanZTest",
+            "quantileInterpolatedWeighted",
+            "quantilesInterpolatedWeighted",
+            "quantileGK",
+            "quantilesGK",
+            "sparkBar",
+            "sumCount",
+            "largestTriangleThreeBuckets",
+            "histogram",
+            "sequenceMatch",
+            "sequenceCount",
+            "windowFunnel",
+            "retention",
+            "uniqUpTo",
+            "sequenceNextNode",
+            "exponentialTimeDecayedAvg",
+        }
+
+        AGG_FUNCTIONS_SUFFIXES = [
+            "If",
+            "Array",
+            "ArrayIf",
+            "Map",
+            "SimpleState",
+            "State",
+            "Merge",
+            "MergeState",
+            "ForEach",
+            "Distinct",
+            "OrDefault",
+            "OrNull",
+            "Resample",
+            "ArgMin",
+            "ArgMax",
+        ]
+
+        FUNC_TOKENS = {
+            *parser.Parser.FUNC_TOKENS,
+            TokenType.AND,
+            TokenType.OR,
+            TokenType.SET,
+        }
+
+        RESERVED_TOKENS = parser.Parser.RESERVED_TOKENS - {TokenType.SELECT}
+
+        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
+            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
+            TokenType.LIKE,
+        }
+
+        AGG_FUNC_MAPPING = (
+            lambda functions, suffixes: {
+                f"{f}{sfx}": (f, sfx) for sfx in (suffixes + [""]) for f in functions
+            }
+        )(AGG_FUNCTIONS, AGG_FUNCTIONS_SUFFIXES)
+
+        FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS = {*parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS, "TUPLE"}
+
+        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
+            "ARRAYJOIN": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Explode, this=self._parse_expression()),
+            "QUANTILE": lambda self: self._parse_quantile(),
+            "MEDIAN": lambda self: self._parse_quantile(),
+            "COLUMNS": lambda self: self._parse_columns(),
+        }
+
+        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("MATCH")
+
+        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
+            "ENGINE": lambda self: self._parse_engine_property(),
+        }
+        PROPERTY_PARSERS.pop("DYNAMIC")
+
+        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
+        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("ANY")
+
+        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS.copy()
+        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS.pop(TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
+
+        RANGE_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
+            TokenType.GLOBAL: lambda self, this: self._parse_global_in(this),
+        }
+
+        # The PLACEHOLDER entry is popped because 1) it doesn't affect Clickhouse (it corresponds to
+        # the postgres-specific JSONBContains parser) and 2) it makes parsing the ternary op simpler.
+        COLUMN_OPERATORS = parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS.copy()
+        COLUMN_OPERATORS.pop(TokenType.PLACEHOLDER)
+
+        JOIN_KINDS = {
+            *parser.Parser.JOIN_KINDS,
+            TokenType.ANY,
+            TokenType.ASOF,
+            TokenType.ARRAY,
+        }
+
+        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {
+            TokenType.ANY,
+            TokenType.ARRAY,
+            TokenType.FINAL,
+            TokenType.FORMAT,
+            TokenType.SETTINGS,
+        }
+
+        ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ALIAS_TOKENS - {
+            TokenType.FORMAT,
+        }
+
+        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
+
+        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
+            TokenType.SETTINGS: lambda self: (
+                "settings",
+                self._advance() or self._parse_csv(self._parse_assignment),
+            ),
+            TokenType.FORMAT: lambda self: ("format", self._advance() or self._parse_id_var()),
+        }
+
+        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
+            "INDEX": lambda self: self._parse_index_constraint(),
+            "CODEC": lambda self: self._parse_compress(),
+        }
+
+        ALTER_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
+            "REPLACE": lambda self: self._parse_alter_table_replace(),
+        }
+
+        SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS = {
+            *parser.Parser.SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS,
+            "INDEX",
+        }
+
+        PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS,
+            TokenType.L_BRACE: lambda self: self._parse_query_parameter(),
+        }
+
+        def _parse_engine_property(self) -> exp.EngineProperty:
+            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
+            return self.expression(
+                exp.EngineProperty,
+                this=self._parse_field(any_token=True, anonymous_func=True),
+            )
+
+        # https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/create/function
+        def _parse_user_defined_function_expression(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            return self._parse_lambda()
+
+        def _parse_types(
+            self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            dtype = super()._parse_types(
+                check_func=check_func, schema=schema, allow_identifiers=allow_identifiers
+            )
+            if isinstance(dtype, exp.DataType) and dtype.args.get("nullable") is not True:
+                # Mark every type as non-nullable which is ClickHouse's default, unless it's
+                # already marked as nullable. This marker helps us transpile types from other
+                # dialects to ClickHouse, so that we can e.g. produce `CAST(x AS Nullable(String))`
+                # from `CAST(x AS TEXT)`. If there is a `NULL` value in `x`, the former would
+                # fail in ClickHouse without the `Nullable` type constructor.
+                dtype.set("nullable", False)
+
+            return dtype
+
+        def _parse_extract(self) -> exp.Extract | exp.Anonymous:
+            index = self._index
+            this = self._parse_bitwise()
+            if self._match(TokenType.FROM):
+                self._retreat(index)
+                return super()._parse_extract()
+
+            # We return Anonymous here because extract and regexpExtract have different semantics,
+            # so parsing extract(foo, bar) into RegexpExtract can potentially break queries. E.g.,
+            # `extract('foobar', 'b')` works, but ClickHouse crashes for `regexpExtract('foobar', 'b')`.
+            #
+            # TODO: can we somehow convert the former into an equivalent `regexpExtract` call?
+            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
+            return self.expression(
+                exp.Anonymous, this="extract", expressions=[this, self._parse_bitwise()]
+            )
+
+        def _parse_assignment(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            this = super()._parse_assignment()
+
+            if self._match(TokenType.PLACEHOLDER):
+                return self.expression(
+                    exp.If,
+                    this=this,
+                    true=self._parse_assignment(),
+                    false=self._match(TokenType.COLON) and self._parse_assignment(),
+                )
+
+            return this
+
+        def _parse_query_parameter(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            """
+            Parse a placeholder expression like SELECT {abc: UInt32} or FROM {table: Identifier}
+            https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/syntax#defining-and-using-query-parameters
+            """
+            index = self._index
+
+            this = self._parse_id_var()
+            self._match(TokenType.COLON)
+            kind = self._parse_types(check_func=False, allow_identifiers=False) or (
+                self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER") and "Identifier"
+            )
+
+            if not kind:
+                self._retreat(index)
+                return None
+            elif not self._match(TokenType.R_BRACE):
+                self.raise_error("Expecting }")
+
+            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier) and not this.quoted:
+                this = exp.var(this.name)
+
+            return self.expression(exp.Placeholder, this=this, kind=kind)
+
+        def _parse_bracket(
+            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            l_brace = self._match(TokenType.L_BRACE, advance=False)
+            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
+
+            if l_brace and isinstance(bracket, exp.Struct):
+                varmap = exp.VarMap(keys=exp.Array(), values=exp.Array())
+                for expression in bracket.expressions:
+                    if not isinstance(expression, exp.PropertyEQ):
+                        break
+
+                    varmap.args["keys"].append("expressions", exp.Literal.string(expression.name))
+                    varmap.args["values"].append("expressions", expression.expression)
+
+                return varmap
+
+            return bracket
+
+        def _parse_in(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression], is_global: bool = False) -> exp.In:
+            this = super()._parse_in(this)
+            this.set("is_global", is_global)
+            return this
+
+        def _parse_global_in(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> exp.Not | exp.In:
+            is_negated = self._match(TokenType.NOT)
+            this = self._match(TokenType.IN) and self._parse_in(this, is_global=True)
+            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this) if is_negated else this
+
+        def _parse_table(
+            self,
+            schema: bool = False,
+            joins: bool = False,
+            alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
+            parse_bracket: bool = False,
+            is_db_reference: bool = False,
+            parse_partition: bool = False,
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            this = super()._parse_table(
+                schema=schema,
+                joins=joins,
+                alias_tokens=alias_tokens,
+                parse_bracket=parse_bracket,
+                is_db_reference=is_db_reference,
+            )
+
+            if isinstance(this, exp.Table):
+                inner = this.this
+                alias = this.args.get("alias")
+
+                if isinstance(inner, exp.GenerateSeries) and alias and not alias.columns:
+                    alias.set("columns", [exp.to_identifier("generate_series")])
+
+            if self._match(TokenType.FINAL):
+                this = self.expression(exp.Final, this=this)
+
+            return this
+
+        def _parse_position(self, haystack_first: bool = False) -> exp.StrPosition:
+            return super()._parse_position(haystack_first=True)
+
+        # https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/with/
+        def _parse_cte(self) -> t.Optional[exp.CTE]:
+            # WITH <identifier> AS <subquery expression>
+            cte: t.Optional[exp.CTE] = self._try_parse(super()._parse_cte)
+
+            if not cte:
+                # WITH <expression> AS <identifier>
+                cte = self.expression(
+                    exp.CTE,
+                    this=self._parse_assignment(),
+                    alias=self._parse_table_alias(),
+                    scalar=True,
+                )
+
+            return cte
+
+        def _parse_join_parts(
+            self,
+        ) -> t.Tuple[t.Optional[Token], t.Optional[Token], t.Optional[Token]]:
+            is_global = self._match(TokenType.GLOBAL) and self._prev
+            kind_pre = self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS, advance=False) and self._prev
+
+            if kind_pre:
+                kind = self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS) and self._prev
+                side = self._match_set(self.JOIN_SIDES) and self._prev
+                return is_global, side, kind
+
+            return (
+                is_global,
+                self._match_set(self.JOIN_SIDES) and self._prev,
+                self._match_set(self.JOIN_KINDS) and self._prev,
+            )
+
+        def _parse_join(
+            self, skip_join_token: bool = False, parse_bracket: bool = False
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Join]:
+            join = super()._parse_join(skip_join_token=skip_join_token, parse_bracket=True)
+            if join:
+                join.set("global", join.args.pop("method", None))
+
+                # tbl ARRAY JOIN arr <-- this should be a `Column` reference, not a `Table`
+                # https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/select/array-join
+                if join.kind == "ARRAY":
+                    for table in join.find_all(exp.Table):
+                        table.replace(table.to_column())
+
+            return join
+
+        def _parse_function(
+            self,
+            functions: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Callable]] = None,
+            anonymous: bool = False,
+            optional_parens: bool = True,
+            any_token: bool = False,
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            expr = super()._parse_function(
+                functions=functions,
+                anonymous=anonymous,
+                optional_parens=optional_parens,
+                any_token=any_token,
+            )
+
+            func = expr.this if isinstance(expr, exp.Window) else expr
+
+            # Aggregate functions can be split in 2 parts: <func_name><suffix>
+            parts = (
+                self.AGG_FUNC_MAPPING.get(func.this) if isinstance(func, exp.Anonymous) else None
+            )
+
+            if parts:
+                anon_func: exp.Anonymous = t.cast(exp.Anonymous, func)
+                params = self._parse_func_params(anon_func)
+
+                kwargs = {
+                    "this": anon_func.this,
+                    "expressions": anon_func.expressions,
+                }
+                if parts[1]:
+                    exp_class: t.Type[exp.Expression] = (
+                        exp.CombinedParameterizedAgg if params else exp.CombinedAggFunc
+                    )
+                else:
+                    exp_class = exp.ParameterizedAgg if params else exp.AnonymousAggFunc
+
+                kwargs["exp_class"] = exp_class
+                if params:
+                    kwargs["params"] = params
+
+                func = self.expression(**kwargs)
+
+                if isinstance(expr, exp.Window):
+                    # The window's func was parsed as Anonymous in base parser, fix its
+                    # type to be ClickHouse style CombinedAnonymousAggFunc / AnonymousAggFunc
+                    expr.set("this", func)
+                elif params:
+                    # Params have blocked super()._parse_function() from parsing the following window
+                    # (if that exists) as they're standing between the function call and the window spec
+                    expr = self._parse_window(func)
+                else:
+                    expr = func
+
+            return expr
+
+        def _parse_func_params(
+            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Func] = None
+        ) -> t.Optional[t.List[exp.Expression]]:
+            if self._match_pair(TokenType.R_PAREN, TokenType.L_PAREN):
+                return self._parse_csv(self._parse_lambda)
+
+            if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN):
+                params = self._parse_csv(self._parse_lambda)
+                self._match_r_paren(this)
+                return params
+
+            return None
+
+        def _parse_quantile(self) -> exp.Quantile:
+            this = self._parse_lambda()
+            params = self._parse_func_params()
+            if params:
+                return self.expression(exp.Quantile, this=params[0], quantile=this)
+            return self.expression(exp.Quantile, this=this, quantile=exp.Literal.number(0.5))
+
+        def _parse_wrapped_id_vars(self, optional: bool = False) -> t.List[exp.Expression]:
+            return super()._parse_wrapped_id_vars(optional=True)
+
+        def _parse_primary_key(
+            self, wrapped_optional: bool = False, in_props: bool = False
+        ) -> exp.PrimaryKeyColumnConstraint | exp.PrimaryKey:
+            return super()._parse_primary_key(
+                wrapped_optional=wrapped_optional or in_props, in_props=in_props
+            )
+
+        def _parse_on_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            index = self._index
+            if self._match_text_seq("CLUSTER"):
+                this = self._parse_string() or self._parse_id_var()
+                if this:
+                    return self.expression(exp.OnCluster, this=this)
+                else:
+                    self._retreat(index)
+            return None
+
+        def _parse_index_constraint(
+            self, kind: t.Optional[str] = None
+        ) -> exp.IndexColumnConstraint:
+            # INDEX name1 expr TYPE type1(args) GRANULARITY value
+            this = self._parse_id_var()
+            expression = self._parse_assignment()
+
+            index_type = self._match_text_seq("TYPE") and (
+                self._parse_function() or self._parse_var()
+            )
+
+            granularity = self._match_text_seq("GRANULARITY") and self._parse_term()
+
+            return self.expression(
+                exp.IndexColumnConstraint,
+                this=this,
+                expression=expression,
+                index_type=index_type,
+                granularity=granularity,
+            )
+
+        def _parse_partition(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Partition]:
+            # https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/statements/alter/partition#how-to-set-partition-expression
+            if not self._match(TokenType.PARTITION):
+                return None
+
+            if self._match_text_seq("ID"):
+                # Corresponds to the PARTITION ID <string_value> syntax
+                expressions: t.List[exp.Expression] = [
+                    self.expression(exp.PartitionId, this=self._parse_string())
+                ]
+            else:
+                expressions = self._parse_expressions()
+
+            return self.expression(exp.Partition, expressions=expressions)
+
+        def _parse_alter_table_replace(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            partition = self._parse_partition()
+
+            if not partition or not self._match(TokenType.FROM):
+                return None
+
+            return self.expression(
+                exp.ReplacePartition, expression=partition, source=self._parse_table_parts()
+            )
+
+        def _parse_projection_def(self) -> t.Optional[exp.ProjectionDef]:
+            if not self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION"):
+                return None
+
+            return self.expression(
+                exp.ProjectionDef,
+                this=self._parse_id_var(),
+                expression=self._parse_wrapped(self._parse_statement),
+            )
+
+        def _parse_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            return super()._parse_constraint() or self._parse_projection_def()
+
+        def _parse_alias(
+            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression], explicit: bool = False
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            # In clickhouse "SELECT <expr> APPLY(...)" is a query modifier,
+            # so "APPLY" shouldn't be parsed as <expr>'s alias. However, "SELECT <expr> apply" is a valid alias
+            if self._match_pair(TokenType.APPLY, TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
+                return this
+
+            return super()._parse_alias(this=this, explicit=explicit)
+
+        def _parse_expression(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            this = super()._parse_expression()
+
+            # Clickhouse allows "SELECT <expr> [APPLY(func)] [...]]" modifier
+            while self._match_pair(TokenType.APPLY, TokenType.L_PAREN):
+                this = exp.Apply(this=this, expression=self._parse_var(any_token=True))
+                self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN)
+
+            return this
+
+        def _parse_columns(self) -> exp.Expression:
+            this: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.Columns, this=self._parse_lambda())
+
+            while self._next and self._match_text_seq(")", "APPLY", "("):
+                self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN)
+                this = exp.Apply(this=this, expression=self._parse_var(any_token=True))
+            return this
+
+        def _parse_value(self, values: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Tuple]:
+            value = super()._parse_value(values=values)
+            if not value:
+                return None
+
+            # In Clickhouse "SELECT * FROM VALUES (1, 2, 3)" generates a table with a single column, in contrast
+            # to other dialects. For this case, we canonicalize the values into a tuple-of-tuples AST if it's not already one.
+            # In INSERT INTO statements the same clause actually references multiple columns (opposite semantics),
+            # but the final result is not altered by the extra parentheses.
+            # Note: Clickhouse allows VALUES([structure], value, ...) so the branch checks for the last expression
+            expressions = value.expressions
+            if values and not isinstance(expressions[-1], exp.Tuple):
+                value.set(
+                    "expressions",
+                    [self.expression(exp.Tuple, expressions=[expr]) for expr in expressions],
+                )
+
+            return value
+
+    class Generator(generator.Generator):
+        QUERY_HINTS = False
+        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
+        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
+        TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS = False
+        TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS = False
+        TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS = "SAMPLE"
+        LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART = False
+        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
+        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
+        JOIN_HINTS = False
+        TABLE_HINTS = False
+        GROUPINGS_SEP = ""
+        SET_OP_MODIFIERS = False
+        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "LENGTH"
+        WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES = False
+
+        STRING_TYPE_MAPPING = {
+            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.LONGBLOB: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.LONGTEXT: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.MEDIUMBLOB: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.MEDIUMTEXT: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TINYBLOB: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TINYTEXT: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "String",
+            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "String",
+        }
+
+        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
+            exp.JSONPathKey,
+            exp.JSONPathRoot,
+            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
+        }
+
+        TYPE_MAPPING = {
+            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
+            **STRING_TYPE_MAPPING,
+            exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY: "Array",
+            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "Bool",
+            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "Int64",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DATE32: "Date32",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DateTime",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME2: "DateTime",
+            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLDATETIME: "DateTime",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "DateTime64",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "Decimal",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL32: "Decimal32",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL64: "Decimal64",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL128: "Decimal128",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL256: "Decimal256",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DateTime",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "DateTime",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DateTime",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "Float64",
+            exp.DataType.Type.ENUM: "Enum",
+            exp.DataType.Type.ENUM8: "Enum8",
+            exp.DataType.Type.ENUM16: "Enum16",
+            exp.DataType.Type.FIXEDSTRING: "FixedString",
+            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "Float32",
+            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "Int32",
+            exp.DataType.Type.MEDIUMINT: "Int32",
+            exp.DataType.Type.INT128: "Int128",
+            exp.DataType.Type.INT256: "Int256",
+            exp.DataType.Type.LOWCARDINALITY: "LowCardinality",
+            exp.DataType.Type.MAP: "Map",
+            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "Nested",
+            exp.DataType.Type.NOTHING: "Nothing",
+            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "Int16",
+            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "Tuple",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "Int8",
+            exp.DataType.Type.UBIGINT: "UInt64",
+            exp.DataType.Type.UINT: "UInt32",
+            exp.DataType.Type.UINT128: "UInt128",
+            exp.DataType.Type.UINT256: "UInt256",
+            exp.DataType.Type.USMALLINT: "UInt16",
+            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "UInt8",
+            exp.DataType.Type.IPV4: "IPv4",
+            exp.DataType.Type.IPV6: "IPv6",
+            exp.DataType.Type.POINT: "Point",
+            exp.DataType.Type.RING: "Ring",
+            exp.DataType.Type.LINESTRING: "LineString",
+            exp.DataType.Type.MULTILINESTRING: "MultiLineString",
+            exp.DataType.Type.POLYGON: "Polygon",
+            exp.DataType.Type.MULTIPOLYGON: "MultiPolygon",
+            exp.DataType.Type.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: "AggregateFunction",
+            exp.DataType.Type.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: "SimpleAggregateFunction",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DYNAMIC: "Dynamic",
+        }
+
+        TRANSFORMS = {
+            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
+            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("any"),
+            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("uniq"),
+            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("arrayConcat"),
+            exp.ArrayFilter: lambda self, e: self.func("arrayFilter", e.expression, e.this),
+            exp.ArrayRemove: remove_from_array_using_filter,
+            exp.ArraySum: rename_func("arraySum"),
+            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("argMax"),
+            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("argMin"),
+            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
+            exp.CastToStrType: rename_func("CAST"),
+            exp.CountIf: rename_func("countIf"),
+            exp.CompressColumnConstraint: lambda self,
+            e: f"CODEC({self.expressions(e, key='this', flat=True)})",
+            exp.ComputedColumnConstraint: lambda self,
+            e: f"{'MATERIALIZED' if e.args.get('persisted') else 'ALIAS'} {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
+            exp.CurrentDate: lambda self, e: self.func("CURRENT_DATE"),
+            exp.DateAdd: _datetime_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
+            exp.DateDiff: _datetime_delta_sql("DATE_DIFF"),
+            exp.DateStrToDate: rename_func("toDate"),
+            exp.DateSub: _datetime_delta_sql("DATE_SUB"),
+            exp.Explode: rename_func("arrayJoin"),
+            exp.Final: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} FINAL",
+            exp.IsNan: rename_func("isNaN"),
+            exp.JSONCast: lambda self, e: f"{self.sql(e, 'this')}.:{self.sql(e, 'to')}",
+            exp.JSONExtract: json_extract_segments("JSONExtractString", quoted_index=False),
+            exp.JSONExtractScalar: json_extract_segments("JSONExtractString", quoted_index=False),
+            exp.JSONPathKey: json_path_key_only_name,
+            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
+            exp.Length: length_or_char_length_sql,
+            exp.Map: _map_sql,
+            exp.Median: rename_func("median"),
+            exp.Nullif: rename_func("nullIf"),
+            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
+            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
+            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
+            exp.RegexpLike: lambda self, e: self.func("match", e.this, e.expression),
+            exp.Rand: rename_func("randCanonical"),
+            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("startsWith"),
+            exp.EndsWith: rename_func("endsWith"),
+            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
+                self,
+                e,
+                func_name="POSITION",
+                supports_position=True,
+                use_ansi_position=False,
+            ),
+            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func(
+                "formatDateTime", e.this, self.format_time(e), e.args.get("zone")
+            ),
+            exp.TimeStrToTime: _timestrtotime_sql,
+            exp.TimestampAdd: _datetime_delta_sql("TIMESTAMP_ADD"),
+            exp.TimestampSub: _datetime_delta_sql("TIMESTAMP_SUB"),
+            exp.VarMap: _map_sql,
+            exp.Xor: lambda self, e: self.func("xor", e.this, e.expression, *e.expressions),
+            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
+            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("LOWER", self.func("HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this))),
+            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
+            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
+            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
+            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(zone=True),
+            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: trim_sql(self, e, default_trim_type="BOTH"),
+            exp.Variance: rename_func("varSamp"),
+            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
+            exp.Stddev: rename_func("stddevSamp"),
+            exp.Chr: rename_func("CHAR"),
+            exp.Lag: lambda self, e: self.func(
+                "lagInFrame", e.this, e.args.get("offset"), e.args.get("default")
+            ),
+            exp.Lead: lambda self, e: self.func(
+                "leadInFrame", e.this, e.args.get("offset"), e.args.get("default")
+            ),
+            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
+                rename_func("editDistance")
+            ),
+        }
+
+        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
+            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
+            exp.OnCluster: exp.Properties.Location.POST_NAME,
+            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
+            exp.ToTableProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_NAME,
+            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
+        }
+
+        # There's no list in docs, but it can be found in Clickhouse code
+        # see `ClickHouse/src/Parsers/ParserCreate*.cpp`
+        ON_CLUSTER_TARGETS = {
+            "SCHEMA",  # Transpiled CREATE SCHEMA may have OnCluster property set
+            "DATABASE",
+            "TABLE",
+            "VIEW",
+            "DICTIONARY",
+            "INDEX",
+            "FUNCTION",
+            "NAMED COLLECTION",
+        }
+
+        # https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/data-types/nullable
+        NON_NULLABLE_TYPES = {
+            exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY,
+            exp.DataType.Type.MAP,
+            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT,
+            exp.DataType.Type.POINT,
+            exp.DataType.Type.RING,
+            exp.DataType.Type.LINESTRING,
+            exp.DataType.Type.MULTILINESTRING,
+            exp.DataType.Type.POLYGON,
+            exp.DataType.Type.MULTIPOLYGON,
+        }
+
+        def strtodate_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToDate) -> str:
+            strtodate_sql = self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
+
+            if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Cast):
+                # StrToDate returns DATEs in other dialects (eg. postgres), so
+                # this branch aims to improve the transpilation to clickhouse
+                return self.cast_sql(exp.cast(expression, "DATE"))
+
+            return strtodate_sql
+
+        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
+            this = expression.this
+
+            if isinstance(this, exp.StrToDate) and expression.to == exp.DataType.build("datetime"):
+                return self.sql(this)
+
+            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
+
+        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
+            dtype = expression.to
+            if not dtype.is_type(*self.NON_NULLABLE_TYPES, check_nullable=True):
+                # Casting x into Nullable(T) appears to behave similarly to TRY_CAST(x AS T)
+                dtype.set("nullable", True)
+
+            return super().cast_sql(expression)
+
+        def _jsonpathsubscript_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathSubscript) -> str:
+            this = self.json_path_part(expression.this)
+            return str(int(this) + 1) if is_int(this) else this
+
+        def likeproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.LikeProperty) -> str:
+            return f"AS {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
+
+        def _any_to_has(
+            self,
+            expression: exp.EQ | exp.NEQ,
+            default: t.Callable[[t.Any], str],
+            prefix: str = "",
+        ) -> str:
+            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Any):
+                arr = expression.left
+                this = expression.right
+            elif isinstance(expression.right, exp.Any):
+                arr = expression.right
+                this = expression.left
+            else:
+                return default(expression)
+
+            return prefix + self.func("has", arr.this.unnest(), this)
+
+        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
+            return self._any_to_has(expression, super().eq_sql)
+
+        def neq_sql(self, expression: exp.NEQ) -> str:
+            return self._any_to_has(expression, super().neq_sql, "NOT ")
+
+        def regexpilike_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
+            # Manually add a flag to make the search case-insensitive
+            regex = self.func("CONCAT", "'(?i)'", expression.expression)
+            return self.func("match", expression.this, regex)
+
+        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
+            # String is the standard ClickHouse type, every other variant is just an alias.
+            # Additionally, any supplied length parameter will be ignored.
+            #
+            # https://clickhouse.com/docs/en/sql-reference/data-types/string
+            if expression.this in self.STRING_TYPE_MAPPING:
+                dtype = "String"
+            else:
+                dtype = super().datatype_sql(expression)
+
+            # This section changes the type to `Nullable(...)` if the following conditions hold:
+            # - It's marked as nullable - this ensures we won't wrap ClickHouse types with `Nullable`
+            #   and change their semantics
+            # - It's not the key type of a `Map`. This is because ClickHouse enforces the following
+            #   constraint: "Type of Map key must be a type, that can be represented by integer or
+            #   String or FixedString (possibly LowCardinality) or UUID or IPv6"
+            # - It's not a composite type, e.g. `Nullable(Array(...))` is not a valid type
+            parent = expression.parent
+            nullable = expression.args.get("nullable")
+            if nullable is True or (
+                nullable is None
+                and not (
+                    isinstance(parent, exp.DataType)
+                    and parent.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.MAP, check_nullable=True)
+                    and expression.index in (None, 0)
+                )
+                and not expression.is_type(*self.NON_NULLABLE_TYPES, check_nullable=True)
+            ):
+                dtype = f"Nullable({dtype})"
+
+            return dtype
+
+        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
+            if expression.args.get("scalar"):
+                this = self.sql(expression, "this")
+                alias = self.sql(expression, "alias")
+                return f"{this} AS {alias}"
+
+            return super().cte_sql(expression)
+
+        def after_limit_modifiers(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> t.List[str]:
+            return super().after_limit_modifiers(expression) + [
+                (
+                    self.seg("SETTINGS ") + self.expressions(expression, key="settings", flat=True)
+                    if expression.args.get("settings")
+                    else ""
+                ),
+                (
+                    self.seg("FORMAT ") + self.sql(expression, "format")
+                    if expression.args.get("format")
+                    else ""
+                ),
+            ]
+
+        def placeholder_sql(self, expression: exp.Placeholder) -> str:
+            return f"{{{expression.name}: {self.sql(expression, 'kind')}}}"
+
+        def oncluster_sql(self, expression: exp.OnCluster) -> str:
+            return f"ON CLUSTER {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
+
+        def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str:
+            if expression.kind in self.ON_CLUSTER_TARGETS and locations.get(
+                exp.Properties.Location.POST_NAME
+            ):
+                this_name = self.sql(
+                    expression.this if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) else expression,
+                    "this",
+                )
+                this_properties = " ".join(
+                    [self.sql(prop) for prop in locations[exp.Properties.Location.POST_NAME]]
+                )
+                this_schema = self.schema_columns_sql(expression.this)
+                this_schema = f"{self.sep()}{this_schema}" if this_schema else ""
+
+                return f"{this_name}{self.sep()}{this_properties}{this_schema}"
+
+            return super().createable_sql(expression, locations)
+
+        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
+            # The comment property comes last in CTAS statements, i.e. after the query
+            query = expression.expression
+            if isinstance(query, exp.Query):
+                comment_prop = expression.find(exp.SchemaCommentProperty)
+                if comment_prop:
+                    comment_prop.pop()
+                    query.replace(exp.paren(query))
+            else:
+                comment_prop = None
+
+            create_sql = super().create_sql(expression)
+
+            comment_sql = self.sql(comment_prop)
+            comment_sql = f" {comment_sql}" if comment_sql else ""
+
+            return f"{create_sql}{comment_sql}"
+
+        def prewhere_sql(self, expression: exp.PreWhere) -> str:
+            this = self.indent(self.sql(expression, "this"))
+            return f"{self.seg('PREWHERE')}{self.sep()}{this}"
+
+        def indexcolumnconstraint_sql(self, expression: exp.IndexColumnConstraint) -> str:
+            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
+            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
+            expr = self.sql(expression, "expression")
+            expr = f" {expr}" if expr else ""
+            index_type = self.sql(expression, "index_type")
+            index_type = f" TYPE {index_type}" if index_type else ""
+            granularity = self.sql(expression, "granularity")
+            granularity = f" GRANULARITY {granularity}" if granularity else ""
+
+            return f"INDEX{this}{expr}{index_type}{granularity}"
+
+        def partition_sql(self, expression: exp.Partition) -> str:
+            return f"PARTITION {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}"
+
+        def partitionid_sql(self, expression: exp.PartitionId) -> str:
+            return f"ID {self.sql(expression.this)}"
+
+        def replacepartition_sql(self, expression: exp.ReplacePartition) -> str:
+            return (
+                f"REPLACE {self.sql(expression.expression)} FROM {self.sql(expression, 'source')}"
+            )
+
+        def projectiondef_sql(self, expression: exp.ProjectionDef) -> str:
+            return f"PROJECTION {self.sql(expression.this)} {self.wrap(expression.expression)}"
+
+        def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str:
+            is_sql = super().is_sql(expression)
+
+            if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Not):
+                # value IS NOT NULL -> NOT (value IS NULL)
+                is_sql = self.wrap(is_sql)
+
+            return is_sql
+
+        def in_sql(self, expression: exp.In) -> str:
+            in_sql = super().in_sql(expression)
+
+            if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Not) and expression.args.get("is_global"):
+                in_sql = in_sql.replace("GLOBAL IN", "GLOBAL NOT IN", 1)
+
+            return in_sql
+
+        def not_sql(self, expression: exp.Not) -> str:
+            if isinstance(expression.this, exp.In) and expression.this.args.get("is_global"):
+                # let `GLOBAL IN` child interpose `NOT`
+                return self.sql(expression, "this")
+
+            return super().not_sql(expression)
+
+        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
+            # If the VALUES clause contains tuples of expressions, we need to treat it
+            # as a table since Clickhouse will automatically alias it as such.
+            alias = expression.args.get("alias")
+
+            if alias and alias.args.get("columns") and expression.expressions:
+                values = expression.expressions[0].expressions
+                values_as_table = any(isinstance(value, exp.Tuple) for value in values)
+            else:
+                values_as_table = True
+
+            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)