altimate-code 0.5.2 → 0.5.3

package/dbt-tools/dist/altimate_python_packages/altimate_packages/sqlglot/dialects/tsql.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1403 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import re
+import typing as t
+from functools import partial, reduce
+
+from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
+from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
+    Dialect,
+    NormalizationStrategy,
+    any_value_to_max_sql,
+    build_date_delta,
+    date_delta_sql,
+    datestrtodate_sql,
+    generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql,
+    max_or_greatest,
+    min_or_least,
+    rename_func,
+    strposition_sql,
+    timestrtotime_sql,
+    trim_sql,
+)
+from sqlglot.helper import seq_get
+from sqlglot.parser import build_coalesce
+from sqlglot.time import format_time
+from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
+
+if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sqlglot._typing import E
+
+FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {
+    "weekday": "%A",
+    "dw": "%A",
+    "w": "%A",
+    "month": "%B",
+    "mm": "%B",
+    "m": "%B",
+}
+
+DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = {
+    "year": "year",
+    "yyyy": "year",
+    "yy": "year",
+    "quarter": "quarter",
+    "qq": "quarter",
+    "q": "quarter",
+    "month": "month",
+    "mm": "month",
+    "m": "month",
+    "week": "week",
+    "ww": "week",
+    "wk": "week",
+    "day": "day",
+    "dd": "day",
+    "d": "day",
+}
+
+
+DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile("([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})")
+
+# N = Numeric, C=Currency
+TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {"N", "C"}
+
+DEFAULT_START_DATE = datetime.date(1900, 1, 1)
+
+BIT_TYPES = {exp.EQ, exp.NEQ, exp.Is, exp.In, exp.Select, exp.Alias}
+
+# Unsupported options:
+# - OPTIMIZE FOR ( @variable_name { UNKNOWN | = <literal_constant> } [ , ...n ] )
+# - TABLE HINT
+OPTIONS: parser.OPTIONS_TYPE = {
+    **dict.fromkeys(
+        (
+            "DISABLE_OPTIMIZED_PLAN_FORCING",
+            "FAST",
+            "IGNORE_NONCLUSTERED_COLUMNSTORE_INDEX",
+            "LABEL",
+            "MAXDOP",
+            "MAXRECURSION",
+            "MAX_GRANT_PERCENT",
+            "MIN_GRANT_PERCENT",
+            "NO_PERFORMANCE_SPOOL",
+            "QUERYTRACEON",
+            "RECOMPILE",
+        ),
+        tuple(),
+    ),
+    "CONCAT": ("UNION",),
+    "DISABLE": ("EXTERNALPUSHDOWN", "SCALEOUTEXECUTION"),
+    "EXPAND": ("VIEWS",),
+    "FORCE": ("EXTERNALPUSHDOWN", "ORDER", "SCALEOUTEXECUTION"),
+    "HASH": ("GROUP", "JOIN", "UNION"),
+    "KEEP": ("PLAN",),
+    "KEEPFIXED": ("PLAN",),
+    "LOOP": ("JOIN",),
+    "MERGE": ("JOIN", "UNION"),
+    "OPTIMIZE": (("FOR", "UNKNOWN"),),
+    "ORDER": ("GROUP",),
+    "PARAMETERIZATION": ("FORCED", "SIMPLE"),
+    "ROBUST": ("PLAN",),
+    "USE": ("PLAN",),
+}
+
+
+XML_OPTIONS: parser.OPTIONS_TYPE = {
+    **dict.fromkeys(
+        (
+            "AUTO",
+            "EXPLICIT",
+            "TYPE",
+        ),
+        tuple(),
+    ),
+    "ELEMENTS": (
+        "XSINIL",
+        "ABSENT",
+    ),
+    "BINARY": ("BASE64",),
+}
+
+
+OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL = ("MAX_GRANT_PERCENT", "MIN_GRANT_PERCENT", "LABEL")
+
+
+def _build_formatted_time(
+    exp_class: t.Type[E], full_format_mapping: t.Optional[bool] = None
+) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
+    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
+        fmt = seq_get(args, 0)
+        if isinstance(fmt, exp.Expression):
+            fmt = exp.Literal.string(
+                format_time(
+                    fmt.name.lower(),
+                    (
+                        {**TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, **FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING}
+                        if full_format_mapping
+                        else TSQL.TIME_MAPPING
+                    ),
+                )
+            )
+
+        this = seq_get(args, 1)
+        if isinstance(this, exp.Expression):
+            this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME2)
+
+        return exp_class(this=this, format=fmt)
+
+    return _builder
+
+
+def _build_format(args: t.List) -> exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr:
+    this = seq_get(args, 0)
+    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
+    culture = seq_get(args, 2)
+
+    number_fmt = fmt and (fmt.name in TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT or not DATE_FMT_RE.search(fmt.name))
+
+    if number_fmt:
+        return exp.NumberToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture)
+
+    if fmt:
+        fmt = exp.Literal.string(
+            format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING)
+            if len(fmt.name) == 1
+            else format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.TIME_MAPPING)
+        )
+
+    return exp.TimeToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture)
+
+
+def _build_eomonth(args: t.List) -> exp.LastDay:
+    date = exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0))
+    month_lag = seq_get(args, 1)
+
+    if month_lag is None:
+        this: exp.Expression = date
+    else:
+        unit = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get("month")
+        this = exp.DateAdd(this=date, expression=month_lag, unit=unit and exp.var(unit))
+
+    return exp.LastDay(this=this)
+
+
+def _build_hashbytes(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
+    kind, data = args
+    kind = kind.name.upper() if kind.is_string else ""
+
+    if kind == "MD5":
+        args.pop(0)
+        return exp.MD5(this=data)
+    if kind in ("SHA", "SHA1"):
+        args.pop(0)
+        return exp.SHA(this=data)
+    if kind == "SHA2_256":
+        return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(256))
+    if kind == "SHA2_512":
+        return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(512))
+
+    return exp.func("HASHBYTES", *args)
+
+
+DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS = {"DW", "WK", "HOUR", "QUARTER"}
+
+
+def _format_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
+    fmt = expression.args["format"]
+
+    if not isinstance(expression, exp.NumberToStr):
+        if fmt.is_string:
+            mapped_fmt = format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING)
+
+            name = (mapped_fmt or "").upper()
+            if name in DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS:
+                return self.func("DATEPART", name, expression.this)
+
+            fmt_sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(mapped_fmt))
+        else:
+            fmt_sql = self.format_time(expression) or self.sql(fmt)
+    else:
+        fmt_sql = self.sql(fmt)
+
+    return self.func("FORMAT", expression.this, fmt_sql, expression.args.get("culture"))
+
+
+def _string_agg_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
+    this = expression.this
+    distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct)
+    if distinct:
+        # exp.Distinct can appear below an exp.Order or an exp.GroupConcat expression
+        self.unsupported("T-SQL STRING_AGG doesn't support DISTINCT.")
+        this = distinct.pop().expressions[0]
+
+    order = ""
+    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order):
+        if expression.this.this:
+            this = expression.this.this.pop()
+        # Order has a leading space
+        order = f" WITHIN GROUP ({self.sql(expression.this)[1:]})"
+
+    separator = expression.args.get("separator") or exp.Literal.string(",")
+    return f"STRING_AGG({self.format_args(this, separator)}){order}"
+
+
+def _build_date_delta(
+    exp_class: t.Type[E], unit_mapping: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None
+) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
+    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
+        unit = seq_get(args, 0)
+        if unit and unit_mapping:
+            unit = exp.var(unit_mapping.get(unit.name.lower(), unit.name))
+
+        start_date = seq_get(args, 1)
+        if start_date and start_date.is_number:
+            # Numeric types are valid DATETIME values
+            if start_date.is_int:
+                adds = DEFAULT_START_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=start_date.to_py())
+                start_date = exp.Literal.string(adds.strftime("%F"))
+            else:
+                # We currently don't handle float values, i.e. they're not converted to equivalent DATETIMEs.
+                # This is not a problem when generating T-SQL code, it is when transpiling to other dialects.
+                return exp_class(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=start_date, unit=unit)
+
+        return exp_class(
+            this=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 2)),
+            expression=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=start_date),
+            unit=unit,
+        )
+
+    return _builder
+
+
+def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
+    """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries."""
+    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
+
+    if (
+        isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery))
+        and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
+        and not alias.columns
+    ):
+        from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs
+
+        # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions
+        # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases
+        # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents
+        query = expression.this
+        unaliased_column_indexes = (
+            i for i, c in enumerate(query.selects) if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias
+        )
+
+        qualify_outputs(query)
+
+        # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes
+        query_selects = query.selects
+        for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes:
+            alias = query_selects[select_index]
+            column = alias.this
+            if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier):
+                alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted)
+
+    return expression
+
+
+# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/datetimefromparts-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
+def _build_datetimefromparts(args: t.List) -> exp.TimestampFromParts:
+    return exp.TimestampFromParts(
+        year=seq_get(args, 0),
+        month=seq_get(args, 1),
+        day=seq_get(args, 2),
+        hour=seq_get(args, 3),
+        min=seq_get(args, 4),
+        sec=seq_get(args, 5),
+        milli=seq_get(args, 6),
+    )
+
+
+# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/timefromparts-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
+def _build_timefromparts(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeFromParts:
+    return exp.TimeFromParts(
+        hour=seq_get(args, 0),
+        min=seq_get(args, 1),
+        sec=seq_get(args, 2),
+        fractions=seq_get(args, 3),
+        precision=seq_get(args, 4),
+    )
+
+
+def _build_with_arg_as_text(
+    klass: t.Type[exp.Expression],
+) -> t.Callable[[t.List[exp.Expression]], exp.Expression]:
+    def _parse(args: t.List[exp.Expression]) -> exp.Expression:
+        this = seq_get(args, 0)
+
+        if this and not this.is_string:
+            this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
+
+        expression = seq_get(args, 1)
+        kwargs = {"this": this}
+
+        if expression:
+            kwargs["expression"] = expression
+
+        return klass(**kwargs)
+
+    return _parse
+
+
+# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/parsename-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16
+def _build_parsename(args: t.List) -> exp.SplitPart | exp.Anonymous:
+    # PARSENAME(...) will be stored into exp.SplitPart if:
+    # - All args are literals
+    # - The part index (2nd arg) is <= 4 (max valid value, otherwise TSQL returns NULL)
+    if len(args) == 2 and all(isinstance(arg, exp.Literal) for arg in args):
+        this = args[0]
+        part_index = args[1]
+        split_count = len(this.name.split("."))
+        if split_count <= 4:
+            return exp.SplitPart(
+                this=this,
+                delimiter=exp.Literal.string("."),
+                part_index=exp.Literal.number(split_count + 1 - part_index.to_py()),
+            )
+
+    return exp.Anonymous(this="PARSENAME", expressions=args)
+
+
+def _build_json_query(args: t.List, dialect: Dialect) -> exp.JSONExtract:
+    if len(args) == 1:
+        # The default value for path is '$'. As a result, if you don't provide a
+        # value for path, JSON_QUERY returns the input expression.
+        args.append(exp.Literal.string("$"))
+
+    return parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract)(args, dialect)
+
+
+def _json_extract_sql(
+    self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.JSONExtract | exp.JSONExtractScalar
+) -> str:
+    json_query = self.func("JSON_QUERY", expression.this, expression.expression)
+    json_value = self.func("JSON_VALUE", expression.this, expression.expression)
+    return self.func("ISNULL", json_query, json_value)
+
+
+def _timestrtotime_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.TimeStrToTime):
+    sql = timestrtotime_sql(self, expression)
+    if expression.args.get("zone"):
+        # If there is a timezone, produce an expression like:
+        # CAST('2020-01-01 12:13:14-08:00' AS DATETIMEOFFSET) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'
+        # If you dont have AT TIME ZONE 'UTC', wrapping that expression in another cast back to DATETIME2 just drops the timezone information
+        return self.sql(exp.AtTimeZone(this=sql, zone=exp.Literal.string("UTC")))
+    return sql
+
+
+def _build_datetrunc(args: t.List) -> exp.TimestampTrunc:
+    unit = seq_get(args, 0)
+    this = seq_get(args, 1)
+
+    if this and this.is_string:
+        this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME2)
+
+    return exp.TimestampTrunc(this=this, unit=unit)
+
+
+class TSQL(Dialect):
+    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
+    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
+    TYPED_DIVISION = True
+    CONCAT_COALESCE = True
+    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
+    ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False
+
+    TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'"
+
+    TIME_MAPPING = {
+        "year": "%Y",
+        "dayofyear": "%j",
+        "day": "%d",
+        "dy": "%d",
+        "y": "%Y",
+        "week": "%W",
+        "ww": "%W",
+        "wk": "%W",
+        "hour": "%h",
+        "hh": "%I",
+        "minute": "%M",
+        "mi": "%M",
+        "n": "%M",
+        "second": "%S",
+        "ss": "%S",
+        "s": "%-S",
+        "millisecond": "%f",
+        "ms": "%f",
+        "weekday": "%w",
+        "dw": "%w",
+        "month": "%m",
+        "mm": "%M",
+        "m": "%-M",
+        "Y": "%Y",
+        "YYYY": "%Y",
+        "YY": "%y",
+        "MMMM": "%B",
+        "MMM": "%b",
+        "MM": "%m",
+        "M": "%-m",
+        "dddd": "%A",
+        "dd": "%d",
+        "d": "%-d",
+        "HH": "%H",
+        "H": "%-H",
+        "h": "%-I",
+        "ffffff": "%f",
+        "yyyy": "%Y",
+        "yy": "%y",
+    }
+
+    CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = {
+        "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
+        "1": "%m/%d/%y",
+        "2": "%y.%m.%d",
+        "3": "%d/%m/%y",
+        "4": "%d.%m.%y",
+        "5": "%d-%m-%y",
+        "6": "%d %b %y",
+        "7": "%b %d, %y",
+        "8": "%H:%M:%S",
+        "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
+        "10": "mm-dd-yy",
+        "11": "yy/mm/dd",
+        "12": "yymmdd",
+        "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f",
+        "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
+        "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+        "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
+        "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p",
+        "23": "%Y-%m-%d",
+        "24": "%H:%M:%S",
+        "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
+        "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p",
+        "101": "%m/%d/%Y",
+        "102": "%Y.%m.%d",
+        "103": "%d/%m/%Y",
+        "104": "%d.%m.%Y",
+        "105": "%d-%m-%Y",
+        "106": "%d %b %Y",
+        "107": "%b %d, %Y",
+        "108": "%H:%M:%S",
+        "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p",
+        "110": "%m-%d-%Y",
+        "111": "%Y/%m/%d",
+        "112": "%Y%m%d",
+        "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f",
+        "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f",
+        "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+        "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f",
+        "126": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f",
+    }
+
+    FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = {
+        "y": "%B %Y",
+        "d": "%m/%d/%Y",
+        "H": "%-H",
+        "h": "%-I",
+        "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+        "D": "%A,%B,%Y",
+        "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p",
+        "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
+        "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p",
+        "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p",
+        "M": "%B %-d",
+        "m": "%B %-d",
+        "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
+        "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z",
+        "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z",
+        "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p",
+        "t": "%-I:%M",
+        "Y": "%a %Y",
+    }
+
+    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
+        IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"']
+        QUOTES = ["'", '"']
+        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
+        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"}
+
+        KEYWORDS = {
+            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
+            "CLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
+            "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME2,
+            "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
+            "DECLARE": TokenType.DECLARE,
+            "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND,
+            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
+            "GO": TokenType.COMMAND,
+            "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE,
+            "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY,
+            "NONCLUSTERED INDEX": TokenType.INDEX,
+            "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT,
+            "OPTION": TokenType.OPTION,
+            "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING,
+            "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND,
+            "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE,
+            "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT,
+            "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
+            "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.SMALLDATETIME,
+            "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY,
+            "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT,
+            "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER,
+            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
+            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.ROWVERSION,
+            "TINYINT": TokenType.UTINYINT,
+            "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UUID,
+            "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND,
+            "XML": TokenType.XML,
+        }
+        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
+
+        COMMANDS = {*tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS, TokenType.END}
+
+    class Parser(parser.Parser):
+        SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False
+        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
+        STRING_ALIASES = True
+        NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS = False
+
+        QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS,
+            TokenType.OPTION: lambda self: ("options", self._parse_options()),
+            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: ("for", self._parse_for()),
+        }
+
+        # T-SQL does not allow BEGIN to be used as an identifier
+        ID_VAR_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
+        ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
+        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
+        COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
+        UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {TokenType.BEGIN}
+
+        FUNCTIONS = {
+            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
+            "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
+                this=seq_get(args, 1),
+                substr=seq_get(args, 0),
+                position=seq_get(args, 2),
+            ),
+            "COUNT": lambda args: exp.Count(
+                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=args[1:], big_int=False
+            ),
+            "COUNT_BIG": lambda args: exp.Count(
+                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=args[1:], big_int=True
+            ),
+            "DATEADD": build_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
+            "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL),
+            "DATENAME": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True),
+            "DATEPART": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr),
+            "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _build_datetimefromparts,
+            "EOMONTH": _build_eomonth,
+            "FORMAT": _build_format,
+            "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
+            "HASHBYTES": _build_hashbytes,
+            "ISNULL": lambda args: build_coalesce(args=args, is_null=True),
+            "JSON_QUERY": _build_json_query,
+            "JSON_VALUE": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
+            "LEN": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Length),
+            "LEFT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Left),
+            "NEWID": exp.Uuid.from_arg_list,
+            "RIGHT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Right),
+            "PARSENAME": _build_parsename,
+            "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list,
+            "SCHEMA_NAME": exp.CurrentSchema.from_arg_list,
+            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
+            "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
+            "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
+            "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
+            "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list,
+            "TIMEFROMPARTS": _build_timefromparts,
+            "DATETRUNC": _build_datetrunc,
+        }
+
+        JOIN_HINTS = {"LOOP", "HASH", "MERGE", "REMOTE"}
+
+        PROCEDURE_OPTIONS = dict.fromkeys(
+            ("ENCRYPTION", "RECOMPILE", "SCHEMABINDING", "NATIVE_COMPILATION", "EXECUTE"), tuple()
+        )
+
+        COLUMN_DEFINITION_MODES = {"OUT", "OUTPUT", "READ_ONLY"}
+
+        RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - {
+            TokenType.TABLE,
+            *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS,
+        }
+
+        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
+            TokenType.DECLARE: lambda self: self._parse_declare(),
+        }
+
+        RANGE_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
+            TokenType.DCOLON: lambda self, this: self.expression(
+                exp.ScopeResolution,
+                this=this,
+                expression=self._parse_function() or self._parse_var(any_token=True),
+            ),
+        }
+
+        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
+            "NEXT": lambda self: self._parse_next_value_for(),
+        }
+
+        # The DCOLON (::) operator serves as a scope resolution (exp.ScopeResolution) operator in T-SQL
+        COLUMN_OPERATORS = {
+            **parser.Parser.COLUMN_OPERATORS,
+            TokenType.DCOLON: lambda self, this, to: self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=to)
+            if isinstance(to, exp.DataType) and to.this != exp.DataType.Type.USERDEFINED
+            else self.expression(exp.ScopeResolution, this=this, expression=to),
+        }
+
+        def _parse_alter_table_set(self) -> exp.AlterSet:
+            return self._parse_wrapped(super()._parse_alter_table_set)
+
+        def _parse_wrapped_select(self, table: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            if self._match(TokenType.MERGE):
+                comments = self._prev_comments
+                merge = self._parse_merge()
+                merge.add_comments(comments, prepend=True)
+                return merge
+
+            return super()._parse_wrapped_select(table=table)
+
+        def _parse_dcolon(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            # We want to use _parse_types() if the first token after :: is a known type,
+            # otherwise we could parse something like x::varchar(max) into a function
+            if self._match_set(self.TYPE_TOKENS, advance=False):
+                return self._parse_types()
+
+            return self._parse_function() or self._parse_types()
+
+        def _parse_options(self) -> t.Optional[t.List[exp.Expression]]:
+            if not self._match(TokenType.OPTION):
+                return None
+
+            def _parse_option() -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+                option = self._parse_var_from_options(OPTIONS)
+                if not option:
+                    return None
+
+                self._match(TokenType.EQ)
+                return self.expression(
+                    exp.QueryOption, this=option, expression=self._parse_primary_or_var()
+                )
+
+            return self._parse_wrapped_csv(_parse_option)
+
+        def _parse_xml_key_value_option(self) -> exp.XMLKeyValueOption:
+            this = self._parse_primary_or_var()
+            if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
+                expression = self._parse_wrapped(self._parse_string)
+            else:
+                expression = None
+
+            return exp.XMLKeyValueOption(this=this, expression=expression)
+
+        def _parse_for(self) -> t.Optional[t.List[exp.Expression]]:
+            if not self._match_pair(TokenType.FOR, TokenType.XML):
+                return None
+
+            def _parse_for_xml() -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+                return self.expression(
+                    exp.QueryOption,
+                    this=self._parse_var_from_options(XML_OPTIONS, raise_unmatched=False)
+                    or self._parse_xml_key_value_option(),
+                )
+
+            return self._parse_csv(_parse_for_xml)
+
+        def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]:
+            """
+            T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list,
+            so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases.
+
+            See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax
+            """
+            return [
+                (
+                    exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False)
+                    if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column)
+                    else projection
+                )
+                for projection in super()._parse_projections()
+            ]
+
+        def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback:
+            """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database
+            COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
+                [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ]
+                [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ]
+
+            ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
+                [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable
+                | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ]
+            """
+            rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK
+
+            self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION"))
+            this = self._parse_id_var()
+
+            if rollback:
+                return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this)
+
+            durability = None
+            if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN):
+                self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY")
+                self._match(TokenType.EQ)
+
+                if self._match_text_seq("OFF"):
+                    durability = False
+                else:
+                    self._match(TokenType.ON)
+                    durability = True
+
+                self._match_r_paren()
+
+            return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability)
+
+        def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command:
+            """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database
+            BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION }
+            [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable }
+            [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ]
+            ]
+            """
+            if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")):
+                transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var())
+                if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"):
+                    transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string())
+
+                return transaction
+
+            return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
+
+        def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty:
+            table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS)
+            returns = super()._parse_returns()
+            returns.set("table", table)
+            return returns
+
+        def _parse_convert(
+            self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            this = self._parse_types()
+            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
+            args = [this, *self._parse_csv(self._parse_assignment)]
+            convert = exp.Convert.from_arg_list(args)
+            convert.set("safe", safe)
+            convert.set("strict", strict)
+            return convert
+
+        def _parse_column_def(
+            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression], computed_column: bool = True
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            this = super()._parse_column_def(this=this, computed_column=computed_column)
+            if not this:
+                return None
+            if self._match(TokenType.EQ):
+                this.set("default", self._parse_disjunction())
+            if self._match_texts(self.COLUMN_DEFINITION_MODES):
+                this.set("output", self._prev.text)
+            return this
+
+        def _parse_user_defined_function(
+            self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind)
+
+            if (
+                kind == TokenType.FUNCTION
+                or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
+                or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False)
+            ):
+                return this
+
+            if not self._match(TokenType.WITH, advance=False):
+                expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter)
+            else:
+                expressions = None
+
+            return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions)
+
+        def _parse_into(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Into]:
+            into = super()._parse_into()
+
+            table = isinstance(into, exp.Into) and into.find(exp.Table)
+            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
+                table_identifier = table.this
+                if table_identifier.args.get("temporary"):
+                    # Promote the temporary property from the Identifier to the Into expression
+                    t.cast(exp.Into, into).set("temporary", True)
+
+            return into
+
+        def _parse_id_var(
+            self,
+            any_token: bool = True,
+            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH)
+            is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH)
+
+            this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
+            if this:
+                if is_global:
+                    this.set("global", True)
+                elif is_temporary:
+                    this.set("temporary", True)
+
+            return this
+
+        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
+            create = super()._parse_create()
+
+            if isinstance(create, exp.Create):
+                table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this
+                if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this and table.this.args.get("temporary"):
+                    if not create.args.get("properties"):
+                        create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[]))
+
+                    create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty())
+
+            return create
+
+        def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            index = self._index
+
+            if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"):
+                self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string)
+                if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP):
+                    return self._parse_drop(exists=True)
+                self._retreat(index)
+
+            return super()._parse_if()
+
+        def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint:
+            if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")):
+                this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self)
+            else:
+                this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False))
+
+            return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this)
+
+        def _parse_partition(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Partition]:
+            if not self._match_text_seq("WITH", "(", "PARTITIONS"):
+                return None
+
+            def parse_range():
+                low = self._parse_bitwise()
+                high = self._parse_bitwise() if self._match_text_seq("TO") else None
+
+                return (
+                    self.expression(exp.PartitionRange, this=low, expression=high) if high else low
+                )
+
+            partition = self.expression(
+                exp.Partition, expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(parse_range)
+            )
+
+            self._match_r_paren()
+
+            return partition
+
+        def _parse_declare(self) -> exp.Declare | exp.Command:
+            index = self._index
+            expressions = self._try_parse(partial(self._parse_csv, self._parse_declareitem))
+
+            if not expressions or self._curr:
+                self._retreat(index)
+                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
+
+            return self.expression(exp.Declare, expressions=expressions)
+
+        def _parse_declareitem(self) -> t.Optional[exp.DeclareItem]:
+            var = self._parse_id_var()
+            if not var:
+                return None
+
+            value = None
+            self._match(TokenType.ALIAS)
+            if self._match(TokenType.TABLE):
+                data_type = self._parse_schema()
+            else:
+                data_type = self._parse_types()
+                if self._match(TokenType.EQ):
+                    value = self._parse_bitwise()
+
+            return self.expression(exp.DeclareItem, this=var, kind=data_type, default=value)
+
+        def _parse_alter_table_alter(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+            expression = super()._parse_alter_table_alter()
+
+            if expression is not None:
+                collation = expression.args.get("collate")
+                if isinstance(collation, exp.Column) and isinstance(collation.this, exp.Identifier):
+                    identifier = collation.this
+                    collation.set("this", exp.Var(this=identifier.name))
+
+            return expression
+
+    class Generator(generator.Generator):
+        LIMIT_IS_TOP = True
+        QUERY_HINTS = False
+        RETURNING_END = False
+        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
+        ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False
+        LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH"
+        COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False
+        CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False
+        ENSURE_BOOLS = True
+        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = None
+        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
+        TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE"
+        SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True
+        JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False
+        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
+        SET_OP_MODIFIERS = False
+        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
+        PARSE_JSON_NAME = None
+        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
+        ALTER_SET_WRAPPED = True
+        ALTER_SET_TYPE = ""
+
+        EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = {
+            exp.Create,
+            exp.Delete,
+            exp.Insert,
+            exp.Intersect,
+            exp.Except,
+            exp.Merge,
+            exp.Select,
+            exp.Subquery,
+            exp.Union,
+            exp.Update,
+        }
+
+        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
+            exp.JSONPathKey,
+            exp.JSONPathRoot,
+            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
+        }
+
+        TYPE_MAPPING = {
+            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
+            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME2: "DATETIME2",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
+            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT",
+            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
+            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "ROWVERSION",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "DATETIME2",
+            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET",
+            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLDATETIME: "SMALLDATETIME",
+            exp.DataType.Type.UTINYINT: "TINYINT",
+            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT",
+            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER",
+        }
+
+        TYPE_MAPPING.pop(exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR)
+        TYPE_MAPPING.pop(exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR)
+
+        TRANSFORMS = {
+            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
+            exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql,
+            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
+            exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY",
+            exp.Chr: rename_func("CHAR"),
+            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
+            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
+            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]),
+            exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"),
+            exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"),
+            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
+            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"),
+            exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql,
+            exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql,
+            exp.If: rename_func("IIF"),
+            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
+            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
+            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this),
+            exp.Ln: rename_func("LOG"),
+            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
+            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this),
+            exp.Min: min_or_least,
+            exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql,
+            exp.Repeat: rename_func("REPLICATE"),
+            exp.CurrentSchema: rename_func("SCHEMA_NAME"),
+            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
+                [
+                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
+                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
+                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
+                    transforms.unnest_generate_date_array_using_recursive_cte,
+                ]
+            ),
+            exp.Stddev: rename_func("STDEV"),
+            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
+                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
+            ),
+            exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]),
+            exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this),
+            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
+                "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this
+            ),
+            exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "",
+            exp.TimeStrToTime: _timestrtotime_sql,
+            exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql,
+            exp.Trim: trim_sql,
+            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
+            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
+            exp.TimestampTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATETRUNC", e.unit, e.this),
+            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "NEWID()",
+            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATEFROMPARTS"),
+        }
+
+        TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty)
+
+        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
+            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
+            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
+        }
+
+        def scope_resolution(self, rhs: str, scope_name: str) -> str:
+            return f"{scope_name}::{rhs}"
+
+        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
+            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
+            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
+
+            if isinstance(limit, exp.Fetch) and not offset:
+                # Dialects like Oracle can FETCH directly from a row set but
+                # T-SQL requires an ORDER BY + OFFSET clause in order to FETCH
+                offset = exp.Offset(expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
+                expression.set("offset", offset)
+
+            if offset:
+                if not expression.args.get("order"):
+                    # ORDER BY is required in order to use OFFSET in a query, so we use
+                    # a noop order by, since we don't really care about the order.
+                    # See: https://www.microsoftpressstore.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2314819
+                    expression.order_by(exp.select(exp.null()).subquery(), copy=False)
+
+                if isinstance(limit, exp.Limit):
+                    # TOP and OFFSET can't be combined, we need use FETCH instead of TOP
+                    # we replace here because otherwise TOP would be generated in select_sql
+                    limit.replace(exp.Fetch(direction="FIRST", count=limit.expression))
+
+            return super().select_sql(expression)
+
+        def convert_sql(self, expression: exp.Convert) -> str:
+            name = "TRY_CONVERT" if expression.args.get("safe") else "CONVERT"
+            return self.func(
+                name, expression.this, expression.expression, expression.args.get("style")
+            )
+
+        def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str:
+            option = self.sql(expression, "this")
+            value = self.sql(expression, "expression")
+            if value:
+                optional_equal_sign = "= " if option in OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL else ""
+                return f"{option} {optional_equal_sign}{value}"
+            return option
+
+        def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
+            cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply")
+            if cross_apply is True:
+                return "CROSS APPLY"
+            if cross_apply is False:
+                return "OUTER APPLY"
+
+            # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately
+            self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.")
+            return "LATERAL"
+
+        def splitpart_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.SplitPart) -> str:
+            this = expression.this
+            split_count = len(this.name.split("."))
+            delimiter = expression.args.get("delimiter")
+            part_index = expression.args.get("part_index")
+
+            if (
+                not all(isinstance(arg, exp.Literal) for arg in (this, delimiter, part_index))
+                or (delimiter and delimiter.name != ".")
+                or not part_index
+                or split_count > 4
+            ):
+                self.unsupported(
+                    "SPLIT_PART can be transpiled to PARSENAME only for '.' delimiter and literal values"
+                )
+                return ""
+
+            return self.func(
+                "PARSENAME", this, exp.Literal.number(split_count + 1 - part_index.to_py())
+            )
+
+        def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str:
+            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
+            if nano is not None:
+                nano.pop()
+                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.")
+
+            if expression.args.get("fractions") is None:
+                expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0))
+            if expression.args.get("precision") is None:
+                expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0))
+
+            return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
+
+        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
+            zone = expression.args.get("zone")
+            if zone is not None:
+                zone.pop()
+                self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
+
+            nano = expression.args.get("nano")
+            if nano is not None:
+                nano.pop()
+                self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.")
+
+            if expression.args.get("milli") is None:
+                expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0))
+
+            return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
+
+        def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str:
+            this = expression.this
+            if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter):
+                # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable.
+                return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}"
+
+            return super().setitem_sql(expression)
+
+        def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str:
+            if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES or isinstance(
+                expression.find_ancestor(exp.Values, exp.Select), exp.Values
+            ):
+                return "1" if expression.this else "0"
+
+            return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)"
+
+        def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str:
+            if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean):
+                return self.binary(expression, "=")
+            return self.binary(expression, "IS")
+
+        def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str:
+            sql = self.sql(expression, "this")
+            properties = expression.args.get("properties")
+
+            if sql[:1] != "#" and any(
+                isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty)
+                for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else [])
+            ):
+                sql = f"[#{sql[1:]}" if sql.startswith("[") else f"#{sql}"
+
+            return sql
+
+        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
+            kind = expression.kind
+            exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None)
+
+            like_property = expression.find(exp.LikeProperty)
+            if like_property:
+                ctas_expression = like_property.this
+            else:
+                ctas_expression = expression.expression
+
+            if kind == "VIEW":
+                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
+                with_ = expression.args.get("with")
+                if ctas_expression and with_:
+                    # We've already preprocessed the Create expression to bubble up any nested CTEs,
+                    # but CREATE VIEW actually requires the WITH clause to come after it so we need
+                    # to amend the AST by moving the CTEs to the CREATE VIEW statement's query.
+                    ctas_expression.set("with", with_.pop())
+
+            sql = super().create_sql(expression)
+
+            table = expression.find(exp.Table)
+
+            # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO ..
+            if kind == "TABLE" and ctas_expression:
+                if isinstance(ctas_expression, exp.UNWRAPPED_QUERIES):
+                    ctas_expression = ctas_expression.subquery()
+
+                properties = expression.args.get("properties") or exp.Properties()
+                is_temp = any(isinstance(p, exp.TemporaryProperty) for p in properties.expressions)
+
+                select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(ctas_expression, "temp", table=True))
+                select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table, temporary=is_temp))
+
+                if like_property:
+                    select_into.limit(0, copy=False)
+
+                sql = self.sql(select_into)
+
+            if exists:
+                identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else ""))
+                sql_with_ctes = self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
+                sql_literal = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql_with_ctes))
+                if kind == "SCHEMA":
+                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
+                elif kind == "TABLE":
+                    assert table
+                    where = exp.and_(
+                        exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name),
+                        exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None,
+                        exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None,
+                    )
+                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
+                elif kind == "INDEX":
+                    index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this")))
+                    return f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql_literal})"""
+            elif expression.args.get("replace"):
+                sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1)
+
+            return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
+
+        @generator.unsupported_args("unlogged", "expressions")
+        def into_sql(self, expression: exp.Into) -> str:
+            if expression.args.get("temporary"):
+                # If the Into expression has a temporary property, push this down to the Identifier
+                table = expression.find(exp.Table)
+                if table and isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier):
+                    table.this.set("temporary", True)
+
+            return f"{self.seg('INTO')} {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
+
+        def count_sql(self, expression: exp.Count) -> str:
+            func_name = "COUNT_BIG" if expression.args.get("big_int") else "COUNT"
+            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)
+
+        def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str:
+            return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS"
+
+        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
+            name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name
+            this = f"FOR {name}"
+            expr = expression.expression
+            kind = expression.text("kind")
+            if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"):
+                args = expr.expressions
+                sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND"
+                expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}"
+            else:
+                expr_sql = self.sql(expr)
+
+            expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else ""
+            return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
+
+        def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
+            table = expression.args.get("table")
+            table = f"{table} " if table else ""
+            return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
+
+        def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str:
+            into = self.sql(expression, "into")
+            into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else ""
+            return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}"
+
+        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
+            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
+            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
+            mark = self.sql(expression, "mark")
+            mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else ""
+            return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}"
+
+        def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str:
+            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
+            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
+            durability = expression.args.get("durability")
+            durability = (
+                f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})"
+                if durability is not None
+                else ""
+            )
+            return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
+
+        def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str:
+            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
+            this = f" {this}" if this else ""
+            return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}"
+
+        def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str:
+            identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression)
+
+            if expression.args.get("global"):
+                identifier = f"##{identifier}"
+            elif expression.args.get("temporary"):
+                identifier = f"#{identifier}"
+
+            return identifier
+
+        def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str:
+            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
+            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ")
+            return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}"
+
+        def length_sql(self, expression: exp.Length) -> str:
+            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEN")
+
+        def right_sql(self, expression: exp.Right) -> str:
+            return self._uncast_text(expression, "RIGHT")
+
+        def left_sql(self, expression: exp.Left) -> str:
+            return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEFT")
+
+        def _uncast_text(self, expression: exp.Expression, name: str) -> str:
+            this = expression.this
+            if isinstance(this, exp.Cast) and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT):
+                this_sql = self.sql(this, "this")
+            else:
+                this_sql = self.sql(this)
+            expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression")
+            return self.func(name, this_sql, expression_sql if expression_sql else None)
+
+        def partition_sql(self, expression: exp.Partition) -> str:
+            return f"WITH (PARTITIONS({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}))"
+
+        def alter_sql(self, expression: exp.Alter) -> str:
+            action = seq_get(expression.args.get("actions") or [], 0)
+            if isinstance(action, exp.AlterRename):
+                return f"EXEC sp_rename '{self.sql(expression.this)}', '{action.this.name}'"
+            return super().alter_sql(expression)
+
+        def drop_sql(self, expression: exp.Drop) -> str:
+            if expression.args["kind"] == "VIEW":
+                expression.this.set("catalog", None)
+            return super().drop_sql(expression)
+
+        def options_modifier(self, expression: exp.Expression) -> str:
+            options = self.expressions(expression, key="options")
+            return f" OPTION{self.wrap(options)}" if options else ""
+
+        def dpipe_sql(self, expression: exp.DPipe) -> str:
+            return self.sql(
+                reduce(lambda x, y: exp.Add(this=x, expression=y), expression.flatten())
+            )
+
+        def isascii_sql(self, expression: exp.IsAscii) -> str:
+            return f"(PATINDEX(CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX), 0x255b5e002d7f5d25) COLLATE Latin1_General_BIN, {self.sql(expression.this)}) = 0)"
+
+        def columndef_sql(self, expression: exp.ColumnDef, sep: str = " ") -> str:
+            this = super().columndef_sql(expression, sep)
+            default = self.sql(expression, "default")
+            default = f" = {default}" if default else ""
+            output = self.sql(expression, "output")
+            output = f" {output}" if output else ""
+            return f"{this}{default}{output}"
+
+        def coalesce_sql(self, expression: exp.Coalesce) -> str:
+            func_name = "ISNULL" if expression.args.get("is_null") else "COALESCE"
+            return rename_func(func_name)(self, expression)