agentic-team-templates 0.8.2 → 0.9.0

package/templates/qa-engineering/CLAUDE.md

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+# QA Engineering Development Guide
+
+Principal-level guidelines for building world-class quality assurance programs that enable rapid, confident software delivery.
+
+---
+
+## Overview
+
+This guide applies to:
+
+- Test strategy and planning
+- Test case design and execution
+- Test automation architecture
+- Quality metrics and reporting
+- Release quality gates
+- QA process governance
+- Cross-functional quality collaboration
+
+### Key Principles
+
+1. **Quality is Everyone's Responsibility** - QA enables quality; the whole team owns it
+2. **Shift Left** - Find defects early when they're cheapest to fix
+3. **Risk-Based Testing** - Focus effort where failures cost the most
+4. **Automation as Accelerator** - Automate the repeatable; humans do the creative
+5. **Continuous Improvement** - Measure, learn, adapt
+
+### Testing Pyramid
+
+```text
+         ┌─────────────┐
+         │     E2E     │  ~10% - Critical user journeys
+         │   (Manual   │  Slow, expensive, high confidence
+         │  + Automated)│
+         ├─────────────┤
+         │             │
+         │ Integration │  ~30% - Component interactions
+         │             │  Medium speed, good confidence
+         ├─────────────┤
+         │             │
+         │    Unit     │  ~60% - Individual functions
+         │             │  Fast, cheap, immediate feedback
+         └─────────────┘
+```
+
+### Technology Stack
+
+| Layer | Tools |
+|-------|-------|
+| Unit Testing | Jest, Vitest, pytest, JUnit, Go test |
+| Integration Testing | Supertest, pytest, TestContainers |
+| E2E Testing | Playwright, Cypress, Selenium |
+| API Testing | Postman, REST Assured, k6 |
+| Performance Testing | k6, Gatling, JMeter, Locust |
+| Security Testing | OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite, Snyk |
+| Visual Testing | Percy, Chromatic, Applitools |
+| Test Management | TestRail, Zephyr, qTest |
+
+---
+
+## Test Strategy
+
+### Strategy Document Template
+
+```markdown
+# Test Strategy: [Project/Product Name]
+
+## Scope
+
+### In Scope
+- [Feature/Component 1]
+- [Feature/Component 2]
+
+### Out of Scope
+- [Explicitly excluded items]
+
+## Risk Assessment
+
+| Risk Area | Impact | Likelihood | Priority | Testing Focus |
+|-----------|--------|------------|----------|---------------|
+| Payment processing | Critical | Medium | P0 | Extensive |
+| User authentication | Critical | Low | P1 | Comprehensive |
+| Reporting | Medium | Medium | P2 | Standard |
+| Admin settings | Low | Low | P3 | Basic |
+
+## Test Levels
+
+| Level | Coverage | Automation | Responsibility |
+|-------|----------|------------|----------------|
+| Unit | 80%+ | 100% | Developers |
+| Integration | Core flows | 90%+ | Dev + QA |
+| E2E | Critical paths | 70%+ | QA |
+| Exploratory | Risk areas | 0% | QA |
+
+## Environment Strategy
+
+| Environment | Purpose | Data | Refresh |
+|-------------|---------|------|---------|
+| Local | Development | Mocked | On demand |
+| Dev | Integration | Synthetic | Daily |
+| Staging | Pre-prod validation | Sanitized prod | Weekly |
+| Production | Smoke tests only | Live | N/A |
+
+## Entry/Exit Criteria
+
+### Entry Criteria (Ready for QA)
+- [ ] Code complete and merged
+- [ ] Unit tests passing (80%+ coverage)
+- [ ] Code review approved
+- [ ] Deployment to test environment successful
+- [ ] Test data available
+
+### Exit Criteria (Ready for Release)
+- [ ] All P0/P1 test cases passed
+- [ ] No open P0/P1 defects
+- [ ] Regression suite passing
+- [ ] Performance benchmarks met
+- [ ] Security scan clean
+- [ ] Stakeholder sign-off
+
+## Defect Management
+
+| Severity | Definition | Response Time | Resolution |
+|----------|------------|---------------|------------|
+| P0 | System down, data loss | Immediate | Same day |
+| P1 | Major feature broken | < 4 hours | 24-48 hours |
+| P2 | Feature impaired | < 24 hours | Current sprint |
+| P3 | Minor issue | < 48 hours | Next sprint |
+| P4 | Cosmetic | Best effort | Backlog |
+
+## Reporting
+
+| Report | Audience | Frequency |
+|--------|----------|-----------|
+| Test Execution | Team | Daily |
+| Quality Dashboard | Leadership | Weekly |
+| Release Readiness | Stakeholders | Per release |
+| Defect Trends | Team | Sprint retrospective |
+```
+
+---
+
+## Test Design
+
+### Test Case Structure
+
+```markdown
+## Test Case: [TC-XXX]
+
+**Title**: [Clear, concise description]
+
+**Priority**: P0 | P1 | P2 | P3
+
+**Type**: Functional | Regression | Smoke | Integration | E2E
+
+**Preconditions**:
+- [Required state before test]
+- [Required data setup]
+
+**Test Steps**:
+| Step | Action | Expected Result |
+|------|--------|-----------------|
+| 1 | [Action] | [Expected outcome] |
+| 2 | [Action] | [Expected outcome] |
+| 3 | [Action] | [Expected outcome] |
+
+**Postconditions**:
+- [State after test]
+- [Cleanup required]
+
+**Test Data**:
+| Variable | Value |
+|----------|-------|
+| [Input 1] | [Value] |
+| [Input 2] | [Value] |
+
+**Traceability**: [Requirement ID / User Story]
+```
+
+### Equivalence Partitioning
+
+Divide inputs into groups that should behave the same:
+
+```text
+Input: Age (valid range 18-120)
+
+Partitions:
+├── Invalid: < 0     (negative)
+├── Invalid: 0-17    (underage)
+├── Valid: 18-120    (acceptable)
+└── Invalid: > 120   (unrealistic)
+
+Test Cases:
+- Age = -1   → Error: Invalid age
+- Age = 15   → Error: Must be 18+
+- Age = 25   → Success
+- Age = 150  → Error: Invalid age
+```
+
+### Boundary Value Analysis
+
+Test at the edges of valid ranges:
+
+```text
+Input: Quantity (valid range 1-100)
+
+Boundaries:
+├── 0   → Invalid (just below minimum)
+├── 1   → Valid (minimum)
+├── 2   → Valid (just above minimum)
+├── 99  → Valid (just below maximum)
+├── 100 → Valid (maximum)
+└── 101 → Invalid (just above maximum)
+```
+
+### State Transition Testing
+
+```text
+Order State Machine:
+
+[Created] ──submit──> [Pending] ──approve──> [Approved] ──ship──> [Shipped]
+    │                     │                       │
+    │                     │──reject──> [Rejected] │
+    │                     │                       │
+    └──cancel──> [Cancelled] <──cancel────────────┘
+
+Test Cases:
+1. Created → Pending (valid)
+2. Pending → Approved (valid)
+3. Pending → Rejected (valid)
+4. Created → Approved (invalid - must go through Pending)
+5. Shipped → Cancelled (invalid - too late to cancel)
+```
+
+### Decision Table Testing
+
+```text
+Shipping Cost Rules:
+
+| Condition            | Rule 1 | Rule 2 | Rule 3 | Rule 4 |
+|----------------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
+| Order > $50          | Y      | Y      | N      | N      |
+| Prime Member         | Y      | N      | Y      | N      |
+| Shipping Cost        | Free   | Free   | $5     | $10    |
+
+Test Cases:
+1. Order $60, Prime → Free shipping
+2. Order $60, Not Prime → Free shipping
+3. Order $40, Prime → $5 shipping
+4. Order $40, Not Prime → $10 shipping
+```
+
+---
+
+## Test Automation
+
+### Automation Strategy
+
+```text
+Automate:
+├── Regression tests (high frequency, stable)
+├── Smoke tests (critical path validation)
+├── Data-driven tests (many inputs, same flow)
+├── API tests (fast, reliable)
+└── Performance baselines (measurable thresholds)
+
+Keep Manual:
+├── Exploratory testing (creative, adaptive)
+├── Usability testing (human judgment)
+├── Edge cases (rare, complex scenarios)
+├── New features (still changing)
+└── Visual/UX validation (subjective)
+```
+
+### Test Automation Pyramid
+
+```javascript
+// Unit Test Example (Base - Most Tests)
+describe('calculateDiscount', () => {
+  it('applies 10% discount for orders over $100', () => {
+    expect(calculateDiscount(150)).toBe(15);
+  });
+
+  it('returns 0 for orders under $100', () => {
+    expect(calculateDiscount(50)).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  it('handles edge case at exactly $100', () => {
+    expect(calculateDiscount(100)).toBe(10);
+  });
+});
+```
+
+```javascript
+// Integration Test Example (Middle Layer)
+describe('Order API', () => {
+  it('creates order and applies discount', async () => {
+    const response = await request(app)
+      .post('/api/orders')
+      .send({ items: [{ id: 1, quantity: 2, price: 75 }] })
+      .expect(201);
+
+    expect(response.body.subtotal).toBe(150);
+    expect(response.body.discount).toBe(15);
+    expect(response.body.total).toBe(135);
+  });
+});
+```
+
+```javascript
+// E2E Test Example (Top - Fewest Tests)
+test('user completes checkout flow', async ({ page }) => {
+  await page.goto('/products');
+  await page.click('[data-testid="product-1"]');
+  await page.click('[data-testid="add-to-cart"]');
+  await page.click('[data-testid="checkout"]');
+  
+  await page.fill('[data-testid="email"]', 'test@example.com');
+  await page.fill('[data-testid="card-number"]', '4111111111111111');
+  await page.click('[data-testid="place-order"]');
+  
+  await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="confirmation"]')).toBeVisible();
+});
+```
+
+### Page Object Pattern
+
+```javascript
+// pages/LoginPage.js
+class LoginPage {
+  constructor(page) {
+    this.page = page;
+    this.emailInput = page.locator('[data-testid="email"]');
+    this.passwordInput = page.locator('[data-testid="password"]');
+    this.loginButton = page.locator('[data-testid="login-button"]');
+    this.errorMessage = page.locator('[data-testid="error-message"]');
+  }
+
+  async goto() {
+    await this.page.goto('/login');
+  }
+
+  async login(email, password) {
+    await this.emailInput.fill(email);
+    await this.passwordInput.fill(password);
+    await this.loginButton.click();
+  }
+
+  async getErrorMessage() {
+    return this.errorMessage.textContent();
+  }
+}
+
+// tests/login.spec.js
+test('shows error for invalid credentials', async ({ page }) => {
+  const loginPage = new LoginPage(page);
+  await loginPage.goto();
+  await loginPage.login('invalid@example.com', 'wrongpassword');
+  
+  const error = await loginPage.getErrorMessage();
+  expect(error).toContain('Invalid credentials');
+});
+```
+
+### Test Data Management
+
+```javascript
+// fixtures/users.js
+export const testUsers = {
+  admin: {
+    email: 'admin@test.com',
+    password: 'AdminPass123!',
+    role: 'admin'
+  },
+  standard: {
+    email: 'user@test.com',
+    password: 'UserPass123!',
+    role: 'user'
+  },
+  premium: {
+    email: 'premium@test.com',
+    password: 'PremiumPass123!',
+    role: 'premium'
+  }
+};
+
+// Factory pattern for dynamic data
+export const createTestUser = (overrides = {}) => ({
+  email: `test-${Date.now()}@example.com`,
+  password: 'TestPass123!',
+  firstName: 'Test',
+  lastName: 'User',
+  ...overrides
+});
+```
+
+### CI/CD Integration
+
+```yaml
+# .github/workflows/test.yml
+name: Test Suite
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  unit-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npm run test:unit -- --coverage
+      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+
+  integration-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    services:
+      postgres:
+        image: postgres:15
+        env:
+          POSTGRES_PASSWORD: test
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npm run test:integration
+
+  e2e-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: npm ci
+      - run: npx playwright install --with-deps
+      - run: npm run test:e2e
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        if: failure()
+        with:
+          name: playwright-report
+          path: playwright-report/
+```
+
+---
+
+## Quality Metrics
+
+### Key QA Metrics
+
+| Metric | Formula | Target | Purpose |
+|--------|---------|--------|---------|
+| Defect Density | Defects / KLOC | < 1.0 | Code quality indicator |
+| Defect Escape Rate | Prod Defects / Total Defects | < 5% | Testing effectiveness |
+| Test Coverage | Lines Covered / Total Lines | > 80% | Code coverage |
+| Test Pass Rate | Passed / Total Executed | > 95% | Test health |
+| MTTR | Time to fix defects | < 24h for P1 | Response efficiency |
+| Automation Rate | Automated / Total Tests | > 70% | Automation maturity |
+
+### Defect Metrics
+
+```markdown
+## Defect Analysis Dashboard
+
+### Defect Density Trend
+| Sprint | New Code (KLOC) | Defects Found | Density |
+|--------|-----------------|---------------|---------|
+| S1     | 5.2             | 3             | 0.58    |
+| S2     | 4.8             | 2             | 0.42    |
+| S3     | 6.1             | 5             | 0.82    |
+
+### Defect Distribution
+| Severity | Open | In Progress | Resolved | Total |
+|----------|------|-------------|----------|-------|
+| P0       | 0    | 0           | 2        | 2     |
+| P1       | 1    | 2           | 8        | 11    |
+| P2       | 5    | 3           | 25       | 33    |
+| P3       | 12   | 1           | 45       | 58    |
+
+### Root Cause Analysis
+| Category        | Count | Percentage |
+|-----------------|-------|------------|
+| Requirements    | 15    | 25%        |
+| Design          | 12    | 20%        |
+| Coding          | 24    | 40%        |
+| Environment     | 9     | 15%        |
+```
+
+### Defect Removal Efficiency (DRE)
+
+```text
+DRE = (Defects found before release) / (Total defects found) × 100
+
+Example:
+- Found in development: 80
+- Found in QA: 40
+- Found in production: 5
+- Total: 125
+
+DRE = (80 + 40) / 125 × 100 = 96%
+
+Target: > 95%
+```
+
+### Test Execution Metrics
+
+```markdown
+## Test Execution Report
+
+### Summary
+| Metric | Value |
+|--------|-------|
+| Total Test Cases | 450 |
+| Executed | 442 |
+| Passed | 425 |
+| Failed | 12 |
+| Blocked | 5 |
+| Pass Rate | 96.2% |
+
+### By Test Type
+| Type | Total | Passed | Failed | Pass Rate |
+|------|-------|--------|--------|-----------|
+| Smoke | 25 | 25 | 0 | 100% |
+| Regression | 300 | 290 | 10 | 96.7% |
+| New Features | 125 | 110 | 15 | 88% |
+
+### Automation Coverage
+| Area | Manual | Automated | Auto Rate |
+|------|--------|-----------|-----------|
+| API | 20 | 180 | 90% |
+| UI | 100 | 100 | 50% |
+| Integration | 30 | 20 | 40% |
+```
+
+---
+
+## Quality Gates
+
+### Release Readiness Criteria
+
+```markdown
+## Release Quality Gate: [Version]
+
+### Mandatory (Must Pass)
+- [ ] All P0 test cases passed
+- [ ] No open P0 defects
+- [ ] No open P1 defects (or approved exceptions)
+- [ ] Regression suite > 95% pass rate
+- [ ] Security scan: 0 critical, 0 high
+- [ ] Performance: Response time < 500ms (p95)
+- [ ] Code coverage > 80%
+
+### Conditional (Approve Exceptions)
+- [ ] P2 defects: < 5 open (currently: X)
+- [ ] Known issues documented
+- [ ] Rollback plan tested
+
+### Sign-off
+| Role | Name | Date | Approved |
+|------|------|------|----------|
+| QA Lead | | | ☐ |
+| Dev Lead | | | ☐ |
+| Product | | | ☐ |
+```
+
+### CI Quality Gates
+
+```yaml
+# Example: SonarQube Quality Gate
+sonar.qualitygate.conditions:
+  - metric: new_coverage
+    op: LT
+    error: 80
+  - metric: new_duplicated_lines_density
+    op: GT
+    error: 3
+  - metric: new_bugs
+    op: GT
+    error: 0
+  - metric: new_vulnerabilities
+    op: GT
+    error: 0
+  - metric: new_code_smells
+    op: GT
+    error: 10
+```
+
+### Performance Thresholds
+
+| Metric | Warning | Critical | Action |
+|--------|---------|----------|--------|
+| Response Time (p50) | > 200ms | > 500ms | Investigate |
+| Response Time (p95) | > 500ms | > 1000ms | Block release |
+| Error Rate | > 0.1% | > 1% | Block release |
+| CPU Usage | > 70% | > 90% | Scale/optimize |
+| Memory Usage | > 80% | > 95% | Investigate leaks |
+
+---
+
+## Exploratory Testing
+
+### Session-Based Testing
+
+```markdown
+## Exploratory Test Session
+
+**Charter**: Explore [feature] with focus on [risk area]
+
+**Time Box**: 60 minutes
+
+**Tester**: [Name]
+
+**Environment**: [Staging/Dev/etc.]
+
+### Session Notes
+
+**Setup** (5 min):
+- [Configuration details]
+
+**Exploration** (45 min):
+| Time | Action | Observation | Bug? |
+|------|--------|-------------|------|
+| 0:05 | [Action] | [What happened] | No |
+| 0:12 | [Action] | [Unexpected behavior] | Yes - logged |
+| ... | ... | ... | ... |
+
+**Debrief** (10 min):
+- Bugs found: [Count]
+- Areas needing more testing: [List]
+- Questions raised: [List]
+
+### Metrics
+- Session duration: 60 min
+- Test design time: 10 min
+- Test execution time: 45 min
+- Bug investigation time: 5 min
+- Bugs found: 3
+```
+
+### Exploratory Testing Heuristics
+
+| Heuristic | Description | Examples |
+|-----------|-------------|----------|
+| CRUD | Create, Read, Update, Delete | Can I create? Edit? Delete? View? |
+| Boundaries | Test at limits | Max length, empty, negative |
+| Goldilocks | Too big, too small, just right | Various valid inputs |
+| Interruptions | Cancel mid-operation | Close browser, lose connection |
+| Time | Date-related edge cases | Leap year, timezone, DST |
+| Stress | Push to limits | Many users, large files |
+
+---
+
+## Definition of Done
+
+### Test Case Done
+
+- [ ] Clear title and description
+- [ ] Preconditions documented
+- [ ] Steps are reproducible
+- [ ] Expected results are verifiable
+- [ ] Traceability to requirement
+- [ ] Peer reviewed
+
+### Test Automation Done
+
+- [ ] Test passes consistently (no flakiness)
+- [ ] Page objects used appropriately
+- [ ] Test data externalized
+- [ ] Proper assertions and error messages
+- [ ] Runs in CI pipeline
+- [ ] Documentation updated
+
+### Release Testing Done
+
+- [ ] Test plan executed
+- [ ] Defects logged and triaged
+- [ ] Regression suite passed
+- [ ] Exploratory testing completed
+- [ ] Quality gate criteria met
+- [ ] Sign-off obtained
+
+---
+
+## Common Pitfalls
+
+### 1. Testing Everything Equally
+
+❌ **Wrong**: Same test depth for all features
+
+✅ **Right**: Risk-based testing - more effort on high-risk areas (payments, auth, data integrity)
+
+### 2. Automating Everything
+
+❌ **Wrong**: 100% automation target for all tests
+
+✅ **Right**: Automate stable, repetitive tests; keep humans on exploratory and edge cases
+
+### 3. Flaky Tests
+
+❌ **Wrong**: Ignoring intermittent failures
+
+✅ **Right**: Fix or quarantine immediately; flaky tests erode confidence
+
+### 4. Testing in Isolation
+
+❌ **Wrong**: QA only tests after development "throws over the wall"
+
+✅ **Right**: QA involved from requirements through deployment
+
+### 5. Measuring Activity, Not Quality
+
+❌ **Wrong**: "We executed 10,000 tests!"
+
+✅ **Right**: "Defect escape rate dropped from 8% to 3%"
+
+### 6. Neglecting Test Maintenance
+
+❌ **Wrong**: Writing tests and forgetting them
+
+✅ **Right**: Regular test suite reviews, removing obsolete tests, updating for product changes
+
+---
+
+## Resources
+
+- [Google Testing Blog](https://testing.googleblog.com/)
+- [Ministry of Testing](https://www.ministryoftesting.com/)
+- [Test Automation University](https://testautomationu.applitools.com/)
+- [Agile Testing by Lisa Crispin & Janet Gregory](https://agiletester.ca/)
+- [The Art of Software Testing by Glenford Myers](https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Art+of+Software+Testing)
+- [ISTQB Syllabus](https://www.istqb.org/)