@zero-server/sdk 0.9.0 → 0.9.2

package/lib/auth/webauthn.js

@@ -1,946 +1,946 @@
-/**
- * @module auth/webauthn
- * @description Zero-dependency WebAuthn/FIDO2/Passkeys implementation.
- *              Supports registration (attestation) and authentication (assertion)
- *              ceremonies using only Node.js built-in `crypto`.
- *
- *              Implements:
- *              - Challenge generation (cryptographically random, ≥16 bytes)
- *              - Registration options & verification (none, packed, fido-u2f attestation)
- *              - Authentication options & verification with counter validation
- *              - CBOR decoding for attestation objects and authenticator data
- *              - COSE key parsing (EC2/P-256, RSA, OKP/Ed25519)
- *              - ES256, RS256, EdDSA signature verification
- *
- * @see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/
- *
- * @example | Registration
- *   const { webauthn } = require('@zero-server/sdk');
- *   const options = webauthn.generateRegistrationOptions({
- *       rpName: 'My App', rpId: 'myapp.com',
- *       userId: user.id, userName: user.email,
- *   });
- *   // Send options to client, receive response from navigator.credentials.create()
- *   const result = await webauthn.verifyRegistration({
- *       response: clientResponse,
- *       expectedChallenge: storedChallenge,
- *       expectedOrigin: 'https://myapp.com',
- *       expectedRPID: 'myapp.com',
- *   });
- *
- * @example | Authentication
- *   const authOpts = webauthn.generateAuthenticationOptions({
- *       rpId: 'myapp.com',
- *       allowCredentials: user.credentials,
- *   });
- *   const authResult = await webauthn.verifyAuthentication({
- *       response: clientResponse,
- *       expectedChallenge: storedChallenge,
- *       expectedOrigin: 'https://myapp.com',
- *       expectedRPID: 'myapp.com',
- *       credential: storedCredential,
- *   });
- */
-
-const crypto = require('crypto');
-const log = require('../debug')('zero:webauthn');
-
-// -- CBOR Decoder (minimal, spec-compliant subset) --------
-
-/**
- * Minimal CBOR decoder supporting the types used in WebAuthn attestation objects.
- * Handles: unsigned/negative ints, byte strings, text strings, arrays, maps, booleans, null.
- * @private
- */
-const cbor = {
-    /**
-     * Decode a CBOR-encoded Buffer.
-     * @param {Buffer} buf
-     * @returns {*} Decoded value
-     */
-    decode(buf)
-    {
-        let offset = 0;
-
-        function readUint8() { return buf[offset++]; }
-
-        function readArgument(additionalInfo)
-        {
-            if (additionalInfo < 24) return additionalInfo;
-            if (additionalInfo === 24) { const v = buf[offset++]; return v; }
-            if (additionalInfo === 25) { const v = buf.readUInt16BE(offset); offset += 2; return v; }
-            if (additionalInfo === 26) { const v = buf.readUInt32BE(offset); offset += 4; return v; }
-            if (additionalInfo === 27)
-            {
-                const hi = buf.readUInt32BE(offset);
-                const lo = buf.readUInt32BE(offset + 4);
-                offset += 8;
-                // Return as Number if safe, otherwise BigInt
-                const val = hi * 0x100000000 + lo;
-                return val;
-            }
-            throw new Error('CBOR: unsupported additional info: ' + additionalInfo);
-        }
-
-        function decodeItem()
-        {
-            const initial = readUint8();
-            const majorType = initial >> 5;
-            const additionalInfo = initial & 0x1f;
-
-            switch (majorType)
-            {
-                case 0: // unsigned integer
-                    return readArgument(additionalInfo);
-
-                case 1: // negative integer
-                    return -1 - readArgument(additionalInfo);
-
-                case 2: // byte string
-                {
-                    const len = readArgument(additionalInfo);
-                    const bytes = buf.subarray(offset, offset + len);
-                    offset += len;
-                    return Buffer.from(bytes);
-                }
-
-                case 3: // text string
-                {
-                    const len = readArgument(additionalInfo);
-                    const text = buf.toString('utf8', offset, offset + len);
-                    offset += len;
-                    return text;
-                }
-
-                case 4: // array
-                {
-                    const len = readArgument(additionalInfo);
-                    const arr = [];
-                    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) arr.push(decodeItem());
-                    return arr;
-                }
-
-                case 5: // map
-                {
-                    const len = readArgument(additionalInfo);
-                    const map = {};
-                    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++)
-                    {
-                        const key = decodeItem();
-                        const value = decodeItem();
-                        map[key] = value;
-                    }
-                    return map;
-                }
-
-                case 6: // tag (skip tag number, decode value)
-                    readArgument(additionalInfo);
-                    return decodeItem();
-
-                case 7: // simple/float
-                {
-                    if (additionalInfo === 20) return false;
-                    if (additionalInfo === 21) return true;
-                    if (additionalInfo === 22) return null;
-                    if (additionalInfo === 23) return undefined;
-                    if (additionalInfo === 25)
-                    {
-                        // float16 — not commonly used in WebAuthn but handle it
-                        offset -= 0; // already read
-                        return readArgument(additionalInfo);
-                    }
-                    if (additionalInfo === 26)
-                    {
-                        const fbuf = buf.subarray(offset, offset + 4);
-                        offset += 4;
-                        return fbuf.readFloatBE(0);
-                    }
-                    if (additionalInfo === 27)
-                    {
-                        const fbuf = buf.subarray(offset, offset + 8);
-                        offset += 8;
-                        return fbuf.readDoubleBE(0);
-                    }
-                    return additionalInfo;
-                }
-
-                default:
-                    throw new Error('CBOR: unknown major type ' + majorType);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return decodeItem();
-    },
-};
-
-// -- COSE Key Parsing --------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * COSE key type identifiers.
- * @private
- */
-const COSE_KEY_TYPE = { OKP: 1, EC2: 2, RSA: 3 };
-const COSE_ALG = { ES256: -7, RS256: -257, EDDSA: -8 };
-const COSE_CRV = { P256: 1, ED25519: 6 };
-
-/**
- * Convert a COSE public key (from attestation) to a Node.js crypto key object.
- * @private
- * @param {object} coseKey - COSE key map (numeric keys).
- * @returns {{ key: crypto.KeyObject, algorithm: string }}
- */
-function _coseToPublicKey(coseKey)
-{
-    const kty = coseKey[1]; // Key type
-    const alg = coseKey[3]; // Algorithm
-
-    if (kty === COSE_KEY_TYPE.EC2)
-    {
-        // EC2 key (P-256)
-        const x = coseKey[-2];
-        const y = coseKey[-3];
-        if (!x || !y) throw new Error('EC2 COSE key missing x or y coordinate');
-
-        // Uncompressed point: 0x04 || x || y
-        const publicKeyBuffer = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x04]), x, y]);
-
-        // DER encode as SubjectPublicKeyInfo for P-256
-        const key = crypto.createPublicKey({
-            key: _ecPublicKeyToDER(publicKeyBuffer),
-            format: 'der',
-            type: 'spki',
-        });
-
-        return { key, algorithm: 'ES256' };
-    }
-
-    if (kty === COSE_KEY_TYPE.RSA)
-    {
-        const n = coseKey[-1]; // modulus
-        const e = coseKey[-2]; // exponent
-        if (!n || !e) throw new Error('RSA COSE key missing n or e');
-
-        const key = crypto.createPublicKey({
-            key: _rsaPublicKeyToDER(n, e),
-            format: 'der',
-            type: 'spki',
-        });
-
-        return { key, algorithm: 'RS256' };
-    }
-
-    if (kty === COSE_KEY_TYPE.OKP)
-    {
-        const crv = coseKey[-1];
-        const x = coseKey[-2];
-        if (!x) throw new Error('OKP COSE key missing x coordinate');
-
-        if (crv === COSE_CRV.ED25519)
-        {
-            const key = crypto.createPublicKey({
-                key: _ed25519PublicKeyToDER(x),
-                format: 'der',
-                type: 'spki',
-            });
-            return { key, algorithm: 'EdDSA' };
-        }
-        throw new Error('Unsupported OKP curve: ' + crv);
-    }
-
-    throw new Error('Unsupported COSE key type: ' + kty);
-}
-
-// -- DER Encoding Helpers ----------------------------------
-
-/** @private ASN.1 DER sequence tag */
-const ASN1_SEQUENCE = 0x30;
-const ASN1_BIT_STRING = 0x03;
-const ASN1_OID = 0x06;
-const ASN1_INTEGER = 0x02;
-const ASN1_NULL = 0x05;
-
-/** @private P-256 OID: 1.2.840.10045.3.1.7 */
-const EC_P256_OID = Buffer.from('2a8648ce3d030107', 'hex');
-/** @private EC public key OID: 1.2.840.10045.2.1 */
-const EC_PUB_OID = Buffer.from('2a8648ce3d0201', 'hex');
-/** @private RSA OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 */
-const RSA_OID = Buffer.from('2a864886f70d010101', 'hex');
-/** @private Ed25519 OID: 1.3.101.112 */
-const ED25519_OID = Buffer.from('06032b6570', 'hex'); // includes tag+length
-
-/**
- * Encode a length in DER format.
- * @private
- * @param {number} len
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _derLength(len)
-{
-    if (len < 0x80) return Buffer.from([len]);
-    if (len < 0x100) return Buffer.from([0x81, len]);
-    return Buffer.from([0x82, (len >> 8) & 0xff, len & 0xff]);
-}
-
-/**
- * Wrap data in a DER sequence.
- * @private
- * @param {Buffer[]} items
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _derSequence(...items)
-{
-    const body = Buffer.concat(items);
-    return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([ASN1_SEQUENCE]), _derLength(body.length), body]);
-}
-
-/**
- * Create a DER bit string.
- * @private
- * @param {Buffer} data
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _derBitString(data)
-{
-    // Unused bits = 0
-    const body = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x00]), data]);
-    return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([ASN1_BIT_STRING]), _derLength(body.length), body]);
-}
-
-/**
- * Create a DER OID element.
- * @private
- * @param {Buffer} oidBytes - Raw OID bytes (without tag/length).
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _derOID(oidBytes)
-{
-    return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([ASN1_OID]), _derLength(oidBytes.length), oidBytes]);
-}
-
-/**
- * Convert an EC P-256 uncompressed point to SubjectPublicKeyInfo DER.
- * @private
- * @param {Buffer} uncompressedPoint - 65 bytes (0x04 || x || y)
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _ecPublicKeyToDER(uncompressedPoint)
-{
-    const algorithmIdentifier = _derSequence(
-        _derOID(EC_PUB_OID),
-        _derOID(EC_P256_OID),
-    );
-    const subjectPublicKey = _derBitString(uncompressedPoint);
-    return _derSequence(algorithmIdentifier, subjectPublicKey);
-}
-
-/**
- * Encode a positive integer with DER integer rules (prepend 0x00 if high bit set).
- * @private
- * @param {Buffer} buf
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _derInteger(buf)
-{
-    // Strip leading zeros but ensure non-negative
-    let start = 0;
-    while (start < buf.length - 1 && buf[start] === 0) start++;
-    let trimmed = buf.subarray(start);
-    if (trimmed[0] & 0x80) trimmed = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x00]), trimmed]);
-    return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([ASN1_INTEGER]), _derLength(trimmed.length), trimmed]);
-}
-
-/**
- * Convert RSA n,e to SubjectPublicKeyInfo DER.
- * @private
- * @param {Buffer} n - Modulus
- * @param {Buffer} e - Exponent
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _rsaPublicKeyToDER(n, e)
-{
-    const algorithmIdentifier = _derSequence(
-        _derOID(RSA_OID),
-        Buffer.from([ASN1_NULL, 0x00]),
-    );
-    const rsaPublicKey = _derSequence(_derInteger(n), _derInteger(e));
-    const subjectPublicKey = _derBitString(rsaPublicKey);
-    return _derSequence(algorithmIdentifier, subjectPublicKey);
-}
-
-/**
- * Convert Ed25519 public key bytes to SubjectPublicKeyInfo DER.
- * @private
- * @param {Buffer} pubBytes - 32-byte public key
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _ed25519PublicKeyToDER(pubBytes)
-{
-    // AlgorithmIdentifier: SEQUENCE { OID 1.3.101.112 }
-    const algorithmIdentifier = _derSequence(ED25519_OID);
-    const subjectPublicKey = _derBitString(pubBytes);
-    return _derSequence(algorithmIdentifier, subjectPublicKey);
-}
-
-// -- Authenticator Data Parsing ----------------------------
-
-/**
- * Parse authenticator data buffer.
- * @private
- * @param {Buffer} authData
- * @returns {object}
- */
-function _parseAuthData(authData)
-{
-    let offset = 0;
-
-    // rpIdHash (32 bytes)
-    const rpIdHash = authData.subarray(offset, offset + 32);
-    offset += 32;
-
-    // flags (1 byte)
-    const flags = authData[offset++];
-    const userPresent = !!(flags & 0x01);
-    const userVerified = !!(flags & 0x04);
-    const attestedCredDataIncluded = !!(flags & 0x40);
-    const extensionDataIncluded = !!(flags & 0x80);
-
-    // signCount (4 bytes, big-endian)
-    const signCount = authData.readUInt32BE(offset);
-    offset += 4;
-
-    let aaguid = null;
-    let credentialId = null;
-    let credentialPublicKey = null;
-
-    if (attestedCredDataIncluded)
-    {
-        // AAGUID (16 bytes)
-        aaguid = authData.subarray(offset, offset + 16);
-        offset += 16;
-
-        // Credential ID length (2 bytes, big-endian)
-        const credIdLen = authData.readUInt16BE(offset);
-        offset += 2;
-
-        // Credential ID
-        credentialId = authData.subarray(offset, offset + credIdLen);
-        offset += credIdLen;
-
-        // Credential public key (CBOR-encoded COSE key)
-        credentialPublicKey = cbor.decode(authData.subarray(offset));
-    }
-
-    return {
-        rpIdHash,
-        flags,
-        userPresent,
-        userVerified,
-        signCount,
-        attestedCredDataIncluded,
-        extensionDataIncluded,
-        aaguid,
-        credentialId,
-        credentialPublicKey,
-    };
-}
-
-// -- Challenge Generation ---------------------------------
-
-/**
- * Generate a cryptographically random challenge.
- * @private
- * @param {number} [bytes=32] - Number of random bytes (minimum 16).
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _generateChallenge(bytes = 32)
-{
-    if (bytes < 16) throw new Error('Challenge must be at least 16 bytes');
-    return crypto.randomBytes(bytes);
-}
-
-// -- Base64URL Helpers ------------------------------------
-
-/**
- * @private
- * @param {Buffer|string} data
- * @returns {string}
- */
-function _toBase64Url(data)
-{
-    const buf = Buffer.isBuffer(data) ? data : Buffer.from(data);
-    return buf.toString('base64url');
-}
-
-/**
- * @private
- * @param {string} str
- * @returns {Buffer}
- */
-function _fromBase64Url(str)
-{
-    return Buffer.from(str, 'base64url');
-}
-
-// -- Registration (Attestation) ----------------------------
-
-/**
- * Generate options for `navigator.credentials.create()`.
- *
- * @param {object} opts - Registration options.
- * @param {string} opts.rpName - Relying Party display name.
- * @param {string} opts.rpId - Relying Party ID (effective domain, e.g. 'myapp.com').
- * @param {string|Buffer} opts.userId - Opaque user handle.
- * @param {string} opts.userName - User display name / email.
- * @param {string} [opts.attestation='none'] - Attestation conveyance: 'none', 'direct', 'indirect'.
- * @param {object} [opts.authenticatorSelection] - Authenticator selection criteria.
- * @param {Array} [opts.excludeCredentials] - Credentials to exclude (prevent re-registration).
- * @param {number} [opts.timeout=60000] - Timeout in milliseconds.
- * @param {number} [opts.challengeBytes=32] - Challenge size in bytes.
- * @returns {{ options: object, challenge: string }} Options and base64url-encoded challenge.
- *
- * @example
- *   const { options, challenge } = webauthn.generateRegistrationOptions({
- *       rpName: 'My App', rpId: 'myapp.com',
- *       userId: user.id, userName: user.email,
- *   });
- *   // Store challenge in session, send options to client
- */
-function generateRegistrationOptions(opts)
-{
-    if (!opts || !opts.rpName || !opts.rpId || !opts.userId || !opts.userName)
-        throw new Error('generateRegistrationOptions requires rpName, rpId, userId, and userName');
-
-    const challenge = _generateChallenge(opts.challengeBytes || 32);
-    const challengeB64 = _toBase64Url(challenge);
-
-    const userIdBuf = Buffer.isBuffer(opts.userId) ? opts.userId : Buffer.from(String(opts.userId));
-
-    const options = {
-        rp: {
-            name: opts.rpName,
-            id: opts.rpId,
-        },
-        user: {
-            id: _toBase64Url(userIdBuf),
-            name: opts.userName,
-            displayName: opts.userDisplayName || opts.userName,
-        },
-        challenge: challengeB64,
-        pubKeyCredParams: [
-            { type: 'public-key', alg: COSE_ALG.ES256 },
-            { type: 'public-key', alg: COSE_ALG.RS256 },
-            { type: 'public-key', alg: COSE_ALG.EDDSA },
-        ],
-        timeout: opts.timeout || 60000,
-        attestation: opts.attestation || 'none',
-        authenticatorSelection: opts.authenticatorSelection || {
-            residentKey: 'preferred',
-            userVerification: 'required',
-        },
-    };
-
-    if (opts.excludeCredentials && opts.excludeCredentials.length > 0)
-    {
-        options.excludeCredentials = opts.excludeCredentials.map(cred => ({
-            type: 'public-key',
-            id: typeof cred.id === 'string' ? cred.id : _toBase64Url(cred.id),
-            transports: cred.transports || [],
-        }));
-    }
-
-    return { options, challenge: challengeB64 };
-}
-
-/**
- * Verify a registration response from `navigator.credentials.create()`.
- *
- * @param {object} opts - Verification options.
- * @param {object} opts.response - The credential response from the client.
- * @param {string} opts.response.id - Credential ID (base64url).
- * @param {string} opts.response.type - Must be 'public-key'.
- * @param {object} opts.response.response - The AuthenticatorAttestationResponse.
- * @param {string} opts.response.response.clientDataJSON - Base64url-encoded client data.
- * @param {string} opts.response.response.attestationObject - Base64url-encoded attestation.
- * @param {string} opts.expectedChallenge - The challenge sent during registration (base64url).
- * @param {string} opts.expectedOrigin - Expected origin (e.g. 'https://myapp.com').
- * @param {string} opts.expectedRPID - Expected RP ID.
- * @returns {{ verified: boolean, credential: { id: string, publicKey: Buffer, counter: number, transports: string[] }|null, error: string|null }}
- *
- * @example
- *   const result = await webauthn.verifyRegistration({
- *       response: clientResponse,
- *       expectedChallenge: storedChallenge,
- *       expectedOrigin: 'https://myapp.com',
- *       expectedRPID: 'myapp.com',
- *   });
- *   if (result.verified) {
- *       // Store result.credential in database
- *   }
- */
-function verifyRegistration(opts)
-{
-    try
-    {
-        const { response, expectedChallenge, expectedOrigin, expectedRPID } = opts;
-
-        if (!response || !response.response)
-            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'Missing response' };
-
-        // 1. Decode and validate clientDataJSON
-        const clientDataBuf = _fromBase64Url(response.response.clientDataJSON);
-        const clientData = JSON.parse(clientDataBuf.toString('utf8'));
-
-        if (clientData.type !== 'webauthn.create')
-            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: `Invalid type: ${clientData.type}` };
-
-        // Strict origin validation — exact match, no regex
-        if (clientData.origin !== expectedOrigin)
-            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: `Origin mismatch: ${clientData.origin}` };
-
-        // Challenge validation
-        if (clientData.challenge !== expectedChallenge)
-            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'Challenge mismatch' };
-
-        // 2. Decode attestation object
-        const attestationBuf = _fromBase64Url(response.response.attestationObject);
-        const attestationObject = cbor.decode(attestationBuf);
-
-        // 3. Parse authenticator data
-        const authData = _parseAuthData(attestationObject.authData);
-
-        // 4. Validate RP ID hash
-        const expectedRPIDHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(expectedRPID).digest();
-        if (!authData.rpIdHash.equals(expectedRPIDHash))
-            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'RP ID hash mismatch' };
-
-        // 5. User presence must be set
-        if (!authData.userPresent)
-            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'User not present' };
-
-        // 6. Must have attested credential data
-        if (!authData.attestedCredDataIncluded || !authData.credentialId)
-            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'No credential data in attestation' };
-
-        // 7. Verify attestation statement (format-specific)
-        const fmt = attestationObject.fmt;
-        const attStmt = attestationObject.attStmt || {};
-
-        if (fmt === 'none')
-        {
-            // No attestation — acceptable for 'none' conveyance
-            log.debug('registration with "none" attestation format');
-        }
-        else if (fmt === 'packed')
-        {
-            const verified = _verifyPackedAttestation(attStmt, authData, attestationObject.authData, clientDataBuf);
-            if (!verified)
-                return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'Packed attestation verification failed' };
-        }
-        else if (fmt === 'fido-u2f')
-        {
-            const verified = _verifyFidoU2FAttestation(attStmt, authData, attestationObject.authData, clientDataBuf);
-            if (!verified)
-                return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'FIDO U2F attestation verification failed' };
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            log.warn('unknown attestation format: %s — treating as none', fmt);
-        }
-
-        // 8. Extract public key from COSE format
-        const { key: publicKeyObj } = _coseToPublicKey(authData.credentialPublicKey);
-        const publicKeyDer = publicKeyObj.export({ type: 'spki', format: 'der' });
-
-        const credential = {
-            id: response.id || _toBase64Url(authData.credentialId),
-            publicKey: publicKeyDer,
-            counter: authData.signCount,
-            transports: response.response.transports || response.transports || [],
-        };
-
-        log.info('WebAuthn registration verified (credId=%s)', credential.id.substring(0, 16) + '...');
-        return { verified: true, credential, error: null };
-    }
-    catch (err)
-    {
-        log.error('WebAuthn registration verification error: %s', err.message);
-        return { verified: false, credential: null, error: err.message };
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Verify a packed attestation signature (self-attestation).
- * @private
- */
-function _verifyPackedAttestation(attStmt, parsedAuthData, rawAuthData, clientDataBuf)
-{
-    const sig = attStmt.sig;
-    const alg = attStmt.alg;
-    if (!sig) return false;
-
-    // Hash of clientDataJSON
-    const clientDataHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(clientDataBuf).digest();
-
-    // Signed data = authData || clientDataHash
-    const signedData = Buffer.concat([rawAuthData, clientDataHash]);
-
-    if (attStmt.x5c && attStmt.x5c.length > 0)
-    {
-        // Full attestation with certificate chain
-        const certDer = attStmt.x5c[0];
-        try
-        {
-            const cert = new crypto.X509Certificate(certDer);
-            const pubKey = cert.publicKey;
-            const algName = _coseAlgToNodeAlg(alg);
-            return crypto.verify(algName, signedData, pubKey, sig);
-        }
-        catch (err)
-        {
-            log.warn('packed attestation cert verification failed: %s', err.message);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        // Self-attestation — verify with the credential public key
-        const { key } = _coseToPublicKey(parsedAuthData.credentialPublicKey);
-        const algName = _coseAlgToNodeAlg(alg);
-        return crypto.verify(algName, signedData, key, sig);
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Verify a FIDO U2F attestation.
- * @private
- */
-function _verifyFidoU2FAttestation(attStmt, parsedAuthData, rawAuthData, clientDataBuf)
-{
-    const sig = attStmt.sig;
-    const x5c = attStmt.x5c;
-    if (!sig || !x5c || x5c.length === 0) return false;
-
-    const clientDataHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(clientDataBuf).digest();
-
-    // Extract public key coordinates
-    const coseKey = parsedAuthData.credentialPublicKey;
-    const x = coseKey[-2];
-    const y = coseKey[-3];
-    const publicKeyU2F = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x04]), x, y]);
-
-    // Verification data: 0x00 || rpIdHash || clientDataHash || credentialId || publicKeyU2F
-    const verificationData = Buffer.concat([
-        Buffer.from([0x00]),
-        parsedAuthData.rpIdHash,
-        clientDataHash,
-        parsedAuthData.credentialId,
-        publicKeyU2F,
-    ]);
-
-    try
-    {
-        const cert = new crypto.X509Certificate(x5c[0]);
-        return crypto.verify('SHA256', verificationData, cert.publicKey, sig);
-    }
-    catch (err)
-    {
-        log.warn('FIDO U2F attestation verification failed: %s', err.message);
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Map COSE algorithm identifier to Node.js algorithm name.
- * @private
- * @param {number} alg
- * @returns {string|null}
- */
-function _coseAlgToNodeAlg(alg)
-{
-    switch (alg)
-    {
-        case COSE_ALG.ES256: return 'SHA256';
-        case COSE_ALG.RS256: return 'SHA256';
-        case COSE_ALG.EDDSA: return null; // Ed25519 doesn't use separate hash
-        default: return 'SHA256';
-    }
-}
-
-// -- Authentication (Assertion) ----------------------------
-
-/**
- * Generate options for `navigator.credentials.get()`.
- *
- * @param {object} opts - Authentication options.
- * @param {string} opts.rpId - Relying Party ID.
- * @param {Array} [opts.allowCredentials] - Allowed credentials.
- * @param {string} [opts.userVerification='required'] - User verification requirement.
- * @param {number} [opts.timeout=60000] - Timeout in milliseconds.
- * @param {number} [opts.challengeBytes=32] - Challenge size in bytes.
- * @returns {{ options: object, challenge: string }} Options and challenge.
- *
- * @example
- *   const { options, challenge } = webauthn.generateAuthenticationOptions({
- *       rpId: 'myapp.com',
- *       allowCredentials: user.credentials.map(c => ({ id: c.id, transports: c.transports })),
- *   });
- */
-function generateAuthenticationOptions(opts)
-{
-    if (!opts || !opts.rpId)
-        throw new Error('generateAuthenticationOptions requires rpId');
-
-    const challenge = _generateChallenge(opts.challengeBytes || 32);
-    const challengeB64 = _toBase64Url(challenge);
-
-    const options = {
-        challenge: challengeB64,
-        rpId: opts.rpId,
-        timeout: opts.timeout || 60000,
-        userVerification: opts.userVerification || 'required',
-    };
-
-    if (opts.allowCredentials && opts.allowCredentials.length > 0)
-    {
-        options.allowCredentials = opts.allowCredentials.map(cred => ({
-            type: 'public-key',
-            id: typeof cred.id === 'string' ? cred.id : _toBase64Url(cred.id),
-            transports: cred.transports || [],
-        }));
-    }
-
-    return { options, challenge: challengeB64 };
-}
-
-/**
- * Verify an authentication response from `navigator.credentials.get()`.
- *
- * @param {object} opts - Verification options.
- * @param {object} opts.response - The credential response from the client.
- * @param {string} opts.response.id - Credential ID (base64url).
- * @param {object} opts.response.response - AuthenticatorAssertionResponse.
- * @param {string} opts.response.response.clientDataJSON - Base64url client data.
- * @param {string} opts.response.response.authenticatorData - Base64url authenticator data.
- * @param {string} opts.response.response.signature - Base64url signature.
- * @param {string} opts.expectedChallenge - Challenge (base64url).
- * @param {string} opts.expectedOrigin - Expected origin.
- * @param {string} opts.expectedRPID - Expected RP ID.
- * @param {object} opts.credential - Stored credential from registration.
- * @param {Buffer} opts.credential.publicKey - DER-encoded public key.
- * @param {number} opts.credential.counter - Stored signature counter.
- * @returns {{ verified: boolean, newCounter: number|null, error: string|null }}
- *
- * @example
- *   const result = await webauthn.verifyAuthentication({
- *       response: clientResponse,
- *       expectedChallenge: storedChallenge,
- *       expectedOrigin: 'https://myapp.com',
- *       expectedRPID: 'myapp.com',
- *       credential: storedCredential,
- *   });
- *   if (result.verified) {
- *       await db.updateCounter(credId, result.newCounter);
- *   }
- */
-function verifyAuthentication(opts)
-{
-    try
-    {
-        const { response, expectedChallenge, expectedOrigin, expectedRPID, credential } = opts;
-
-        if (!response || !response.response)
-            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Missing response' };
-
-        if (!credential || !credential.publicKey)
-            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Missing stored credential' };
-
-        // 1. Decode and validate clientDataJSON
-        const clientDataBuf = _fromBase64Url(response.response.clientDataJSON);
-        const clientData = JSON.parse(clientDataBuf.toString('utf8'));
-
-        if (clientData.type !== 'webauthn.get')
-            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: `Invalid type: ${clientData.type}` };
-
-        // Strict origin match
-        if (clientData.origin !== expectedOrigin)
-            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: `Origin mismatch: ${clientData.origin}` };
-
-        if (clientData.challenge !== expectedChallenge)
-            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Challenge mismatch' };
-
-        // 2. Parse authenticator data
-        const authDataBuf = _fromBase64Url(response.response.authenticatorData);
-        const authData = _parseAuthData(authDataBuf);
-
-        // 3. Validate RP ID hash
-        const expectedRPIDHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(expectedRPID).digest();
-        if (!authData.rpIdHash.equals(expectedRPIDHash))
-            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'RP ID hash mismatch' };
-
-        // 4. User presence
-        if (!authData.userPresent)
-            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'User not present' };
-
-        // 5. Counter validation — detect cloned authenticators
-        if (authData.signCount > 0 || credential.counter > 0)
-        {
-            if (authData.signCount <= credential.counter)
-            {
-                log.warn('WebAuthn counter rollback detected: received=%d, stored=%d (possible clone)',
-                    authData.signCount, credential.counter);
-                return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Counter rollback detected (possible authenticator clone)' };
-            }
-        }
-
-        // 6. Verify signature
-        const clientDataHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(clientDataBuf).digest();
-        const signedData = Buffer.concat([authDataBuf, clientDataHash]);
-        const signature = _fromBase64Url(response.response.signature);
-
-        const publicKey = crypto.createPublicKey({
-            key: Buffer.isBuffer(credential.publicKey) ? credential.publicKey : Buffer.from(credential.publicKey),
-            format: 'der',
-            type: 'spki',
-        });
-
-        // Determine algorithm from key type
-        const keyDetail = publicKey.asymmetricKeyType;
-        let algName = 'SHA256';
-        if (keyDetail === 'ed25519') algName = null;
-
-        const verified = crypto.verify(algName, signedData, publicKey, signature);
-
-        if (!verified)
-            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Signature verification failed' };
-
-        log.info('WebAuthn authentication verified (counter=%d)', authData.signCount);
-        return { verified: true, newCounter: authData.signCount, error: null };
-    }
-    catch (err)
-    {
-        log.error('WebAuthn authentication verification error: %s', err.message);
-        return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: err.message };
-    }
-}
-
-// -- Exports -----------------------------------------------
-
-const webauthn = {
-    generateRegistrationOptions,
-    verifyRegistration,
-    generateAuthenticationOptions,
-    verifyAuthentication,
-};
-
-module.exports = {
-    webauthn,
-    // Internal exports for testing
-    _cbor: cbor,
-    _parseAuthData,
-    _coseToPublicKey,
-    _coseAlgToNodeAlg,
-    _toBase64Url,
-    _fromBase64Url,
-    COSE_ALG,
-    COSE_KEY_TYPE,
-};
+/**
+ * @module auth/webauthn
+ * @description Zero-dependency WebAuthn/FIDO2/Passkeys implementation.
+ *              Supports registration (attestation) and authentication (assertion)
+ *              ceremonies using only Node.js built-in `crypto`.
+ *
+ *              Implements:
+ *              - Challenge generation (cryptographically random, ≥16 bytes)
+ *              - Registration options & verification (none, packed, fido-u2f attestation)
+ *              - Authentication options & verification with counter validation
+ *              - CBOR decoding for attestation objects and authenticator data
+ *              - COSE key parsing (EC2/P-256, RSA, OKP/Ed25519)
+ *              - ES256, RS256, EdDSA signature verification
+ *
+ * @see https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/
+ *
+ * @example | Registration
+ *   const { webauthn } = require('@zero-server/sdk');
+ *   const options = webauthn.generateRegistrationOptions({
+ *       rpName: 'My App', rpId: 'myapp.com',
+ *       userId: user.id, userName: user.email,
+ *   });
+ *   // Send options to client, receive response from navigator.credentials.create()
+ *   const result = await webauthn.verifyRegistration({
+ *       response: clientResponse,
+ *       expectedChallenge: storedChallenge,
+ *       expectedOrigin: 'https://myapp.com',
+ *       expectedRPID: 'myapp.com',
+ *   });
+ *
+ * @example | Authentication
+ *   const authOpts = webauthn.generateAuthenticationOptions({
+ *       rpId: 'myapp.com',
+ *       allowCredentials: user.credentials,
+ *   });
+ *   const authResult = await webauthn.verifyAuthentication({
+ *       response: clientResponse,
+ *       expectedChallenge: storedChallenge,
+ *       expectedOrigin: 'https://myapp.com',
+ *       expectedRPID: 'myapp.com',
+ *       credential: storedCredential,
+ *   });
+ */
+
+const crypto = require('crypto');
+const log = require('../debug')('zero:webauthn');
+
+// -- CBOR Decoder (minimal, spec-compliant subset) --------
+
+/**
+ * Minimal CBOR decoder supporting the types used in WebAuthn attestation objects.
+ * Handles: unsigned/negative ints, byte strings, text strings, arrays, maps, booleans, null.
+ * @private
+ */
+const cbor = {
+    /**
+     * Decode a CBOR-encoded Buffer.
+     * @param {Buffer} buf
+     * @returns {*} Decoded value
+     */
+    decode(buf)
+    {
+        let offset = 0;
+
+        function readUint8() { return buf[offset++]; }
+
+        function readArgument(additionalInfo)
+        {
+            if (additionalInfo < 24) return additionalInfo;
+            if (additionalInfo === 24) { const v = buf[offset++]; return v; }
+            if (additionalInfo === 25) { const v = buf.readUInt16BE(offset); offset += 2; return v; }
+            if (additionalInfo === 26) { const v = buf.readUInt32BE(offset); offset += 4; return v; }
+            if (additionalInfo === 27)
+            {
+                const hi = buf.readUInt32BE(offset);
+                const lo = buf.readUInt32BE(offset + 4);
+                offset += 8;
+                // Return as Number if safe, otherwise BigInt
+                const val = hi * 0x100000000 + lo;
+                return val;
+            }
+            throw new Error('CBOR: unsupported additional info: ' + additionalInfo);
+        }
+
+        function decodeItem()
+        {
+            const initial = readUint8();
+            const majorType = initial >> 5;
+            const additionalInfo = initial & 0x1f;
+
+            switch (majorType)
+            {
+                case 0: // unsigned integer
+                    return readArgument(additionalInfo);
+
+                case 1: // negative integer
+                    return -1 - readArgument(additionalInfo);
+
+                case 2: // byte string
+                {
+                    const len = readArgument(additionalInfo);
+                    const bytes = buf.subarray(offset, offset + len);
+                    offset += len;
+                    return Buffer.from(bytes);
+                }
+
+                case 3: // text string
+                {
+                    const len = readArgument(additionalInfo);
+                    const text = buf.toString('utf8', offset, offset + len);
+                    offset += len;
+                    return text;
+                }
+
+                case 4: // array
+                {
+                    const len = readArgument(additionalInfo);
+                    const arr = [];
+                    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) arr.push(decodeItem());
+                    return arr;
+                }
+
+                case 5: // map
+                {
+                    const len = readArgument(additionalInfo);
+                    const map = {};
+                    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                    {
+                        const key = decodeItem();
+                        const value = decodeItem();
+                        map[key] = value;
+                    }
+                    return map;
+                }
+
+                case 6: // tag (skip tag number, decode value)
+                    readArgument(additionalInfo);
+                    return decodeItem();
+
+                case 7: // simple/float
+                {
+                    if (additionalInfo === 20) return false;
+                    if (additionalInfo === 21) return true;
+                    if (additionalInfo === 22) return null;
+                    if (additionalInfo === 23) return undefined;
+                    if (additionalInfo === 25)
+                    {
+                        // float16 — not commonly used in WebAuthn but handle it
+                        offset -= 0; // already read
+                        return readArgument(additionalInfo);
+                    }
+                    if (additionalInfo === 26)
+                    {
+                        const fbuf = buf.subarray(offset, offset + 4);
+                        offset += 4;
+                        return fbuf.readFloatBE(0);
+                    }
+                    if (additionalInfo === 27)
+                    {
+                        const fbuf = buf.subarray(offset, offset + 8);
+                        offset += 8;
+                        return fbuf.readDoubleBE(0);
+                    }
+                    return additionalInfo;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                    throw new Error('CBOR: unknown major type ' + majorType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return decodeItem();
+    },
+};
+
+// -- COSE Key Parsing --------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * COSE key type identifiers.
+ * @private
+ */
+const COSE_KEY_TYPE = { OKP: 1, EC2: 2, RSA: 3 };
+const COSE_ALG = { ES256: -7, RS256: -257, EDDSA: -8 };
+const COSE_CRV = { P256: 1, ED25519: 6 };
+
+/**
+ * Convert a COSE public key (from attestation) to a Node.js crypto key object.
+ * @private
+ * @param {object} coseKey - COSE key map (numeric keys).
+ * @returns {{ key: crypto.KeyObject, algorithm: string }}
+ */
+function _coseToPublicKey(coseKey)
+{
+    const kty = coseKey[1]; // Key type
+    const alg = coseKey[3]; // Algorithm
+
+    if (kty === COSE_KEY_TYPE.EC2)
+    {
+        // EC2 key (P-256)
+        const x = coseKey[-2];
+        const y = coseKey[-3];
+        if (!x || !y) throw new Error('EC2 COSE key missing x or y coordinate');
+
+        // Uncompressed point: 0x04 || x || y
+        const publicKeyBuffer = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x04]), x, y]);
+
+        // DER encode as SubjectPublicKeyInfo for P-256
+        const key = crypto.createPublicKey({
+            key: _ecPublicKeyToDER(publicKeyBuffer),
+            format: 'der',
+            type: 'spki',
+        });
+
+        return { key, algorithm: 'ES256' };
+    }
+
+    if (kty === COSE_KEY_TYPE.RSA)
+    {
+        const n = coseKey[-1]; // modulus
+        const e = coseKey[-2]; // exponent
+        if (!n || !e) throw new Error('RSA COSE key missing n or e');
+
+        const key = crypto.createPublicKey({
+            key: _rsaPublicKeyToDER(n, e),
+            format: 'der',
+            type: 'spki',
+        });
+
+        return { key, algorithm: 'RS256' };
+    }
+
+    if (kty === COSE_KEY_TYPE.OKP)
+    {
+        const crv = coseKey[-1];
+        const x = coseKey[-2];
+        if (!x) throw new Error('OKP COSE key missing x coordinate');
+
+        if (crv === COSE_CRV.ED25519)
+        {
+            const key = crypto.createPublicKey({
+                key: _ed25519PublicKeyToDER(x),
+                format: 'der',
+                type: 'spki',
+            });
+            return { key, algorithm: 'EdDSA' };
+        }
+        throw new Error('Unsupported OKP curve: ' + crv);
+    }
+
+    throw new Error('Unsupported COSE key type: ' + kty);
+}
+
+// -- DER Encoding Helpers ----------------------------------
+
+/** @private ASN.1 DER sequence tag */
+const ASN1_SEQUENCE = 0x30;
+const ASN1_BIT_STRING = 0x03;
+const ASN1_OID = 0x06;
+const ASN1_INTEGER = 0x02;
+const ASN1_NULL = 0x05;
+
+/** @private P-256 OID: 1.2.840.10045.3.1.7 */
+const EC_P256_OID = Buffer.from('2a8648ce3d030107', 'hex');
+/** @private EC public key OID: 1.2.840.10045.2.1 */
+const EC_PUB_OID = Buffer.from('2a8648ce3d0201', 'hex');
+/** @private RSA OID: 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 */
+const RSA_OID = Buffer.from('2a864886f70d010101', 'hex');
+/** @private Ed25519 OID: 1.3.101.112 */
+const ED25519_OID = Buffer.from('06032b6570', 'hex'); // includes tag+length
+
+/**
+ * Encode a length in DER format.
+ * @private
+ * @param {number} len
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _derLength(len)
+{
+    if (len < 0x80) return Buffer.from([len]);
+    if (len < 0x100) return Buffer.from([0x81, len]);
+    return Buffer.from([0x82, (len >> 8) & 0xff, len & 0xff]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Wrap data in a DER sequence.
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer[]} items
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _derSequence(...items)
+{
+    const body = Buffer.concat(items);
+    return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([ASN1_SEQUENCE]), _derLength(body.length), body]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a DER bit string.
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer} data
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _derBitString(data)
+{
+    // Unused bits = 0
+    const body = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x00]), data]);
+    return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([ASN1_BIT_STRING]), _derLength(body.length), body]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Create a DER OID element.
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer} oidBytes - Raw OID bytes (without tag/length).
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _derOID(oidBytes)
+{
+    return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([ASN1_OID]), _derLength(oidBytes.length), oidBytes]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert an EC P-256 uncompressed point to SubjectPublicKeyInfo DER.
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer} uncompressedPoint - 65 bytes (0x04 || x || y)
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _ecPublicKeyToDER(uncompressedPoint)
+{
+    const algorithmIdentifier = _derSequence(
+        _derOID(EC_PUB_OID),
+        _derOID(EC_P256_OID),
+    );
+    const subjectPublicKey = _derBitString(uncompressedPoint);
+    return _derSequence(algorithmIdentifier, subjectPublicKey);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encode a positive integer with DER integer rules (prepend 0x00 if high bit set).
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer} buf
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _derInteger(buf)
+{
+    // Strip leading zeros but ensure non-negative
+    let start = 0;
+    while (start < buf.length - 1 && buf[start] === 0) start++;
+    let trimmed = buf.subarray(start);
+    if (trimmed[0] & 0x80) trimmed = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x00]), trimmed]);
+    return Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([ASN1_INTEGER]), _derLength(trimmed.length), trimmed]);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert RSA n,e to SubjectPublicKeyInfo DER.
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer} n - Modulus
+ * @param {Buffer} e - Exponent
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _rsaPublicKeyToDER(n, e)
+{
+    const algorithmIdentifier = _derSequence(
+        _derOID(RSA_OID),
+        Buffer.from([ASN1_NULL, 0x00]),
+    );
+    const rsaPublicKey = _derSequence(_derInteger(n), _derInteger(e));
+    const subjectPublicKey = _derBitString(rsaPublicKey);
+    return _derSequence(algorithmIdentifier, subjectPublicKey);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert Ed25519 public key bytes to SubjectPublicKeyInfo DER.
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer} pubBytes - 32-byte public key
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _ed25519PublicKeyToDER(pubBytes)
+{
+    // AlgorithmIdentifier: SEQUENCE { OID 1.3.101.112 }
+    const algorithmIdentifier = _derSequence(ED25519_OID);
+    const subjectPublicKey = _derBitString(pubBytes);
+    return _derSequence(algorithmIdentifier, subjectPublicKey);
+}
+
+// -- Authenticator Data Parsing ----------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Parse authenticator data buffer.
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer} authData
+ * @returns {object}
+ */
+function _parseAuthData(authData)
+{
+    let offset = 0;
+
+    // rpIdHash (32 bytes)
+    const rpIdHash = authData.subarray(offset, offset + 32);
+    offset += 32;
+
+    // flags (1 byte)
+    const flags = authData[offset++];
+    const userPresent = !!(flags & 0x01);
+    const userVerified = !!(flags & 0x04);
+    const attestedCredDataIncluded = !!(flags & 0x40);
+    const extensionDataIncluded = !!(flags & 0x80);
+
+    // signCount (4 bytes, big-endian)
+    const signCount = authData.readUInt32BE(offset);
+    offset += 4;
+
+    let aaguid = null;
+    let credentialId = null;
+    let credentialPublicKey = null;
+
+    if (attestedCredDataIncluded)
+    {
+        // AAGUID (16 bytes)
+        aaguid = authData.subarray(offset, offset + 16);
+        offset += 16;
+
+        // Credential ID length (2 bytes, big-endian)
+        const credIdLen = authData.readUInt16BE(offset);
+        offset += 2;
+
+        // Credential ID
+        credentialId = authData.subarray(offset, offset + credIdLen);
+        offset += credIdLen;
+
+        // Credential public key (CBOR-encoded COSE key)
+        credentialPublicKey = cbor.decode(authData.subarray(offset));
+    }
+
+    return {
+        rpIdHash,
+        flags,
+        userPresent,
+        userVerified,
+        signCount,
+        attestedCredDataIncluded,
+        extensionDataIncluded,
+        aaguid,
+        credentialId,
+        credentialPublicKey,
+    };
+}
+
+// -- Challenge Generation ---------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Generate a cryptographically random challenge.
+ * @private
+ * @param {number} [bytes=32] - Number of random bytes (minimum 16).
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _generateChallenge(bytes = 32)
+{
+    if (bytes < 16) throw new Error('Challenge must be at least 16 bytes');
+    return crypto.randomBytes(bytes);
+}
+
+// -- Base64URL Helpers ------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {Buffer|string} data
+ * @returns {string}
+ */
+function _toBase64Url(data)
+{
+    const buf = Buffer.isBuffer(data) ? data : Buffer.from(data);
+    return buf.toString('base64url');
+}
+
+/**
+ * @private
+ * @param {string} str
+ * @returns {Buffer}
+ */
+function _fromBase64Url(str)
+{
+    return Buffer.from(str, 'base64url');
+}
+
+// -- Registration (Attestation) ----------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Generate options for `navigator.credentials.create()`.
+ *
+ * @param {object} opts - Registration options.
+ * @param {string} opts.rpName - Relying Party display name.
+ * @param {string} opts.rpId - Relying Party ID (effective domain, e.g. 'myapp.com').
+ * @param {string|Buffer} opts.userId - Opaque user handle.
+ * @param {string} opts.userName - User display name / email.
+ * @param {string} [opts.attestation='none'] - Attestation conveyance: 'none', 'direct', 'indirect'.
+ * @param {object} [opts.authenticatorSelection] - Authenticator selection criteria.
+ * @param {Array} [opts.excludeCredentials] - Credentials to exclude (prevent re-registration).
+ * @param {number} [opts.timeout=60000] - Timeout in milliseconds.
+ * @param {number} [opts.challengeBytes=32] - Challenge size in bytes.
+ * @returns {{ options: object, challenge: string }} Options and base64url-encoded challenge.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   const { options, challenge } = webauthn.generateRegistrationOptions({
+ *       rpName: 'My App', rpId: 'myapp.com',
+ *       userId: user.id, userName: user.email,
+ *   });
+ *   // Store challenge in session, send options to client
+ */
+function generateRegistrationOptions(opts)
+{
+    if (!opts || !opts.rpName || !opts.rpId || !opts.userId || !opts.userName)
+        throw new Error('generateRegistrationOptions requires rpName, rpId, userId, and userName');
+
+    const challenge = _generateChallenge(opts.challengeBytes || 32);
+    const challengeB64 = _toBase64Url(challenge);
+
+    const userIdBuf = Buffer.isBuffer(opts.userId) ? opts.userId : Buffer.from(String(opts.userId));
+
+    const options = {
+        rp: {
+            name: opts.rpName,
+            id: opts.rpId,
+        },
+        user: {
+            id: _toBase64Url(userIdBuf),
+            name: opts.userName,
+            displayName: opts.userDisplayName || opts.userName,
+        },
+        challenge: challengeB64,
+        pubKeyCredParams: [
+            { type: 'public-key', alg: COSE_ALG.ES256 },
+            { type: 'public-key', alg: COSE_ALG.RS256 },
+            { type: 'public-key', alg: COSE_ALG.EDDSA },
+        ],
+        timeout: opts.timeout || 60000,
+        attestation: opts.attestation || 'none',
+        authenticatorSelection: opts.authenticatorSelection || {
+            residentKey: 'preferred',
+            userVerification: 'required',
+        },
+    };
+
+    if (opts.excludeCredentials && opts.excludeCredentials.length > 0)
+    {
+        options.excludeCredentials = opts.excludeCredentials.map(cred => ({
+            type: 'public-key',
+            id: typeof cred.id === 'string' ? cred.id : _toBase64Url(cred.id),
+            transports: cred.transports || [],
+        }));
+    }
+
+    return { options, challenge: challengeB64 };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Verify a registration response from `navigator.credentials.create()`.
+ *
+ * @param {object} opts - Verification options.
+ * @param {object} opts.response - The credential response from the client.
+ * @param {string} opts.response.id - Credential ID (base64url).
+ * @param {string} opts.response.type - Must be 'public-key'.
+ * @param {object} opts.response.response - The AuthenticatorAttestationResponse.
+ * @param {string} opts.response.response.clientDataJSON - Base64url-encoded client data.
+ * @param {string} opts.response.response.attestationObject - Base64url-encoded attestation.
+ * @param {string} opts.expectedChallenge - The challenge sent during registration (base64url).
+ * @param {string} opts.expectedOrigin - Expected origin (e.g. 'https://myapp.com').
+ * @param {string} opts.expectedRPID - Expected RP ID.
+ * @returns {{ verified: boolean, credential: { id: string, publicKey: Buffer, counter: number, transports: string[] }|null, error: string|null }}
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   const result = await webauthn.verifyRegistration({
+ *       response: clientResponse,
+ *       expectedChallenge: storedChallenge,
+ *       expectedOrigin: 'https://myapp.com',
+ *       expectedRPID: 'myapp.com',
+ *   });
+ *   if (result.verified) {
+ *       // Store result.credential in database
+ *   }
+ */
+function verifyRegistration(opts)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        const { response, expectedChallenge, expectedOrigin, expectedRPID } = opts;
+
+        if (!response || !response.response)
+            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'Missing response' };
+
+        // 1. Decode and validate clientDataJSON
+        const clientDataBuf = _fromBase64Url(response.response.clientDataJSON);
+        const clientData = JSON.parse(clientDataBuf.toString('utf8'));
+
+        if (clientData.type !== 'webauthn.create')
+            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: `Invalid type: ${clientData.type}` };
+
+        // Strict origin validation — exact match, no regex
+        if (clientData.origin !== expectedOrigin)
+            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: `Origin mismatch: ${clientData.origin}` };
+
+        // Challenge validation
+        if (clientData.challenge !== expectedChallenge)
+            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'Challenge mismatch' };
+
+        // 2. Decode attestation object
+        const attestationBuf = _fromBase64Url(response.response.attestationObject);
+        const attestationObject = cbor.decode(attestationBuf);
+
+        // 3. Parse authenticator data
+        const authData = _parseAuthData(attestationObject.authData);
+
+        // 4. Validate RP ID hash
+        const expectedRPIDHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(expectedRPID).digest();
+        if (!authData.rpIdHash.equals(expectedRPIDHash))
+            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'RP ID hash mismatch' };
+
+        // 5. User presence must be set
+        if (!authData.userPresent)
+            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'User not present' };
+
+        // 6. Must have attested credential data
+        if (!authData.attestedCredDataIncluded || !authData.credentialId)
+            return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'No credential data in attestation' };
+
+        // 7. Verify attestation statement (format-specific)
+        const fmt = attestationObject.fmt;
+        const attStmt = attestationObject.attStmt || {};
+
+        if (fmt === 'none')
+        {
+            // No attestation — acceptable for 'none' conveyance
+            log.debug('registration with "none" attestation format');
+        }
+        else if (fmt === 'packed')
+        {
+            const verified = _verifyPackedAttestation(attStmt, authData, attestationObject.authData, clientDataBuf);
+            if (!verified)
+                return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'Packed attestation verification failed' };
+        }
+        else if (fmt === 'fido-u2f')
+        {
+            const verified = _verifyFidoU2FAttestation(attStmt, authData, attestationObject.authData, clientDataBuf);
+            if (!verified)
+                return { verified: false, credential: null, error: 'FIDO U2F attestation verification failed' };
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            log.warn('unknown attestation format: %s — treating as none', fmt);
+        }
+
+        // 8. Extract public key from COSE format
+        const { key: publicKeyObj } = _coseToPublicKey(authData.credentialPublicKey);
+        const publicKeyDer = publicKeyObj.export({ type: 'spki', format: 'der' });
+
+        const credential = {
+            id: response.id || _toBase64Url(authData.credentialId),
+            publicKey: publicKeyDer,
+            counter: authData.signCount,
+            transports: response.response.transports || response.transports || [],
+        };
+
+        log.info('WebAuthn registration verified (credId=%s)', credential.id.substring(0, 16) + '...');
+        return { verified: true, credential, error: null };
+    }
+    catch (err)
+    {
+        log.error('WebAuthn registration verification error: %s', err.message);
+        return { verified: false, credential: null, error: err.message };
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Verify a packed attestation signature (self-attestation).
+ * @private
+ */
+function _verifyPackedAttestation(attStmt, parsedAuthData, rawAuthData, clientDataBuf)
+{
+    const sig = attStmt.sig;
+    const alg = attStmt.alg;
+    if (!sig) return false;
+
+    // Hash of clientDataJSON
+    const clientDataHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(clientDataBuf).digest();
+
+    // Signed data = authData || clientDataHash
+    const signedData = Buffer.concat([rawAuthData, clientDataHash]);
+
+    if (attStmt.x5c && attStmt.x5c.length > 0)
+    {
+        // Full attestation with certificate chain
+        const certDer = attStmt.x5c[0];
+        try
+        {
+            const cert = new crypto.X509Certificate(certDer);
+            const pubKey = cert.publicKey;
+            const algName = _coseAlgToNodeAlg(alg);
+            return crypto.verify(algName, signedData, pubKey, sig);
+        }
+        catch (err)
+        {
+            log.warn('packed attestation cert verification failed: %s', err.message);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Self-attestation — verify with the credential public key
+        const { key } = _coseToPublicKey(parsedAuthData.credentialPublicKey);
+        const algName = _coseAlgToNodeAlg(alg);
+        return crypto.verify(algName, signedData, key, sig);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Verify a FIDO U2F attestation.
+ * @private
+ */
+function _verifyFidoU2FAttestation(attStmt, parsedAuthData, rawAuthData, clientDataBuf)
+{
+    const sig = attStmt.sig;
+    const x5c = attStmt.x5c;
+    if (!sig || !x5c || x5c.length === 0) return false;
+
+    const clientDataHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(clientDataBuf).digest();
+
+    // Extract public key coordinates
+    const coseKey = parsedAuthData.credentialPublicKey;
+    const x = coseKey[-2];
+    const y = coseKey[-3];
+    const publicKeyU2F = Buffer.concat([Buffer.from([0x04]), x, y]);
+
+    // Verification data: 0x00 || rpIdHash || clientDataHash || credentialId || publicKeyU2F
+    const verificationData = Buffer.concat([
+        Buffer.from([0x00]),
+        parsedAuthData.rpIdHash,
+        clientDataHash,
+        parsedAuthData.credentialId,
+        publicKeyU2F,
+    ]);
+
+    try
+    {
+        const cert = new crypto.X509Certificate(x5c[0]);
+        return crypto.verify('SHA256', verificationData, cert.publicKey, sig);
+    }
+    catch (err)
+    {
+        log.warn('FIDO U2F attestation verification failed: %s', err.message);
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Map COSE algorithm identifier to Node.js algorithm name.
+ * @private
+ * @param {number} alg
+ * @returns {string|null}
+ */
+function _coseAlgToNodeAlg(alg)
+{
+    switch (alg)
+    {
+        case COSE_ALG.ES256: return 'SHA256';
+        case COSE_ALG.RS256: return 'SHA256';
+        case COSE_ALG.EDDSA: return null; // Ed25519 doesn't use separate hash
+        default: return 'SHA256';
+    }
+}
+
+// -- Authentication (Assertion) ----------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Generate options for `navigator.credentials.get()`.
+ *
+ * @param {object} opts - Authentication options.
+ * @param {string} opts.rpId - Relying Party ID.
+ * @param {Array} [opts.allowCredentials] - Allowed credentials.
+ * @param {string} [opts.userVerification='required'] - User verification requirement.
+ * @param {number} [opts.timeout=60000] - Timeout in milliseconds.
+ * @param {number} [opts.challengeBytes=32] - Challenge size in bytes.
+ * @returns {{ options: object, challenge: string }} Options and challenge.
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   const { options, challenge } = webauthn.generateAuthenticationOptions({
+ *       rpId: 'myapp.com',
+ *       allowCredentials: user.credentials.map(c => ({ id: c.id, transports: c.transports })),
+ *   });
+ */
+function generateAuthenticationOptions(opts)
+{
+    if (!opts || !opts.rpId)
+        throw new Error('generateAuthenticationOptions requires rpId');
+
+    const challenge = _generateChallenge(opts.challengeBytes || 32);
+    const challengeB64 = _toBase64Url(challenge);
+
+    const options = {
+        challenge: challengeB64,
+        rpId: opts.rpId,
+        timeout: opts.timeout || 60000,
+        userVerification: opts.userVerification || 'required',
+    };
+
+    if (opts.allowCredentials && opts.allowCredentials.length > 0)
+    {
+        options.allowCredentials = opts.allowCredentials.map(cred => ({
+            type: 'public-key',
+            id: typeof cred.id === 'string' ? cred.id : _toBase64Url(cred.id),
+            transports: cred.transports || [],
+        }));
+    }
+
+    return { options, challenge: challengeB64 };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Verify an authentication response from `navigator.credentials.get()`.
+ *
+ * @param {object} opts - Verification options.
+ * @param {object} opts.response - The credential response from the client.
+ * @param {string} opts.response.id - Credential ID (base64url).
+ * @param {object} opts.response.response - AuthenticatorAssertionResponse.
+ * @param {string} opts.response.response.clientDataJSON - Base64url client data.
+ * @param {string} opts.response.response.authenticatorData - Base64url authenticator data.
+ * @param {string} opts.response.response.signature - Base64url signature.
+ * @param {string} opts.expectedChallenge - Challenge (base64url).
+ * @param {string} opts.expectedOrigin - Expected origin.
+ * @param {string} opts.expectedRPID - Expected RP ID.
+ * @param {object} opts.credential - Stored credential from registration.
+ * @param {Buffer} opts.credential.publicKey - DER-encoded public key.
+ * @param {number} opts.credential.counter - Stored signature counter.
+ * @returns {{ verified: boolean, newCounter: number|null, error: string|null }}
+ *
+ * @example
+ *   const result = await webauthn.verifyAuthentication({
+ *       response: clientResponse,
+ *       expectedChallenge: storedChallenge,
+ *       expectedOrigin: 'https://myapp.com',
+ *       expectedRPID: 'myapp.com',
+ *       credential: storedCredential,
+ *   });
+ *   if (result.verified) {
+ *       await db.updateCounter(credId, result.newCounter);
+ *   }
+ */
+function verifyAuthentication(opts)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        const { response, expectedChallenge, expectedOrigin, expectedRPID, credential } = opts;
+
+        if (!response || !response.response)
+            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Missing response' };
+
+        if (!credential || !credential.publicKey)
+            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Missing stored credential' };
+
+        // 1. Decode and validate clientDataJSON
+        const clientDataBuf = _fromBase64Url(response.response.clientDataJSON);
+        const clientData = JSON.parse(clientDataBuf.toString('utf8'));
+
+        if (clientData.type !== 'webauthn.get')
+            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: `Invalid type: ${clientData.type}` };
+
+        // Strict origin match
+        if (clientData.origin !== expectedOrigin)
+            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: `Origin mismatch: ${clientData.origin}` };
+
+        if (clientData.challenge !== expectedChallenge)
+            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Challenge mismatch' };
+
+        // 2. Parse authenticator data
+        const authDataBuf = _fromBase64Url(response.response.authenticatorData);
+        const authData = _parseAuthData(authDataBuf);
+
+        // 3. Validate RP ID hash
+        const expectedRPIDHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(expectedRPID).digest();
+        if (!authData.rpIdHash.equals(expectedRPIDHash))
+            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'RP ID hash mismatch' };
+
+        // 4. User presence
+        if (!authData.userPresent)
+            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'User not present' };
+
+        // 5. Counter validation — detect cloned authenticators
+        if (authData.signCount > 0 || credential.counter > 0)
+        {
+            if (authData.signCount <= credential.counter)
+            {
+                log.warn('WebAuthn counter rollback detected: received=%d, stored=%d (possible clone)',
+                    authData.signCount, credential.counter);
+                return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Counter rollback detected (possible authenticator clone)' };
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 6. Verify signature
+        const clientDataHash = crypto.createHash('sha256').update(clientDataBuf).digest();
+        const signedData = Buffer.concat([authDataBuf, clientDataHash]);
+        const signature = _fromBase64Url(response.response.signature);
+
+        const publicKey = crypto.createPublicKey({
+            key: Buffer.isBuffer(credential.publicKey) ? credential.publicKey : Buffer.from(credential.publicKey),
+            format: 'der',
+            type: 'spki',
+        });
+
+        // Determine algorithm from key type
+        const keyDetail = publicKey.asymmetricKeyType;
+        let algName = 'SHA256';
+        if (keyDetail === 'ed25519') algName = null;
+
+        const verified = crypto.verify(algName, signedData, publicKey, signature);
+
+        if (!verified)
+            return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: 'Signature verification failed' };
+
+        log.info('WebAuthn authentication verified (counter=%d)', authData.signCount);
+        return { verified: true, newCounter: authData.signCount, error: null };
+    }
+    catch (err)
+    {
+        log.error('WebAuthn authentication verification error: %s', err.message);
+        return { verified: false, newCounter: null, error: err.message };
+    }
+}
+
+// -- Exports -----------------------------------------------
+
+const webauthn = {
+    generateRegistrationOptions,
+    verifyRegistration,
+    generateAuthenticationOptions,
+    verifyAuthentication,
+};
+
+module.exports = {
+    webauthn,
+    // Internal exports for testing
+    _cbor: cbor,
+    _parseAuthData,
+    _coseToPublicKey,
+    _coseAlgToNodeAlg,
+    _toBase64Url,
+    _fromBase64Url,
+    COSE_ALG,
+    COSE_KEY_TYPE,
+};