@yansigit/opencodex 2.31.0

package/src/codex/catalog/provider-fetch.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2064 @@
+import { execFileSync } from "node:child_process";
+import { createHash, createHmac, randomBytes } from "node:crypto";
+import { copyFileSync, existsSync, mkdirSync, readFileSync, realpathSync } from "node:fs";
+import { delimiter, dirname, join, resolve } from "node:path";
+import { atomicWriteFile, expandUserPath, getConfigDir, resolveEnvValue, websocketsEnabled } from "../../config";
+import { CODEX_CONFIG_PATH, CODEX_MODELS_CACHE_PATH, DEFAULT_CATALOG_PATH, readRootTomlString, resolveCodexConfigPath } from "../paths";
+import {
+  clearModelCache,
+  clearProviderDiscoveryStatus,
+  captureModelCacheGeneration,
+  DEFAULT_MODEL_CACHE_TTL_MS,
+  getFreshCached,
+  getStaleCached,
+  isModelsFetchCoolingDown,
+  isModelCacheGenerationCurrent,
+  markModelsFetchFailure,
+  markProviderDiscoveryFailed,
+  markProviderDiscoveryOk,
+  shouldLogDiscoveryFailure,
+  setCached,
+  type ProviderModelDiscoveryFailure,
+} from "../model-cache";
+import {
+  buildModelsRequest,
+  getValidAccessTokenSnapshot,
+  observeActiveOAuthAccessToken,
+  resolveModelsAuthToken,
+  type OAuthActiveTokenObservation,
+} from "../../oauth";
+import type { OcxConfig, OcxProviderConfig } from "../../types";
+import { modelInList } from "../../types";
+import { CODEX_REASONING_LEVELS, codexEffortRank, configuredReasoningEfforts, modelRecordValue, sanitizeCodexReasoningEfforts } from "../../reasoning-effort";
+import { getModelMetadata, getModelMetadataCaseInsensitive, listModelMetadata, resolveMetadataProvider } from "../../generated/model-metadata";
+import { enrichProviderFromRegistry, shouldCaseFoldMetadataModelId } from "../../providers/derive";
+import {
+  captureFastPolicyAuthority,
+  fastPolicyForModel,
+  serviceTierSupportFromPolicy,
+} from "../../providers/service-tier";
+import type { FastPolicyAuthority } from "../../providers/fastwire";
+import { effectiveGoogleMode, getProviderRegistryEntry, providerMatchesRegistryTransport } from "../../providers/registry";
+import { parseAntigravityAvailableModels, registerAntigravityDiscoveredWireModels } from "../../providers/antigravity-models";
+import { applyProviderContextCap, providerContextCap, resolveUnknownRoutedContextWindow } from "../../providers/context-cap";
+import { routedSlug, slugEquals, slugsEquivalent } from "../../providers/slug-codec";
+import { CODEX_GPT5_IDENTITY_LINE } from "../../adapters/identity";
+import { filterCursorConfiguredModelsByLiveDiscovery } from "../../adapters/cursor/discovery";
+import { fetchCursorUsableModels } from "../../adapters/cursor/live-models";
+import { isCanonicalOpenAiForwardProvider, OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID, OPENAI_CODEX_PROVIDER_ID } from "../../providers/openai-tiers";
+import {
+  COMBO_NAMESPACE,
+  comboModelId,
+  getCombo,
+  listComboIds,
+  targetKey,
+} from "../../combos";
+import type { NormalizedComboConfig } from "../../combos/types";
+import {
+  ProviderOutboundPolicyError,
+  providerOutboundGet,
+  providerOutboundPost,
+  providerRedirectError,
+} from "../../lib/provider-outbound";
+import { redactSecretString } from "../../lib/redact";
+import {
+  extractProviderModelItems,
+  readBoundedDiscoveryJson,
+  resolveProviderModelDiscovery,
+  type ModelDiscoveryResponseFailure,
+  type ProviderModelsApiItem,
+  type ResolvedProviderModelDiscovery,
+} from "../../providers/model-discovery";
+import upstreamModelsSnapshot from "../data/upstream-models.json";
+import { createAdmissionGate, ResourceAdmissionError, type AdmissionMetrics } from "../../lib/admission";
+
+
+import { CODEX_CUSTOM_MODEL_CATALOG_KIND, JAWCODE_CATALOG_AUGMENT_PROVIDERS, catalogModelSlug, shouldExposeRoutedModel } from "./parsing";
+import type { CatalogModel } from "./parsing";
+import { disabledNativeSlugs, hasComboTargets, isNativeOpenAiCapabilityAliasModel, NATIVE_GPT56_MAX_INPUT_TOKENS, nativeContextLimits, nativeDefaultReasoningEffort, nativeInputModalities, nativeOpenAiContextWindow, nativeOpenAiMaxInputTokens, nativeOpenAiSlugs, nativeParallelToolCalls, nativeReasoningEfforts } from "./metadata";
+import { deriveComboCatalogModel, normalizedOpenAiApiSignature, openAiApiCollisionWarnings, replaceLastComboCatalogOmissions, warnUncataloguedComboOnce } from "./aggregation";
+import type { ComboCatalogOmission } from "./aggregation";
+import type { CatalogGatherProviderAuthEvidence } from "./filesystem-evidence";
+import type {
+  CatalogAdmissionSnapshot,
+  CatalogDiscoveryPolicyField,
+  CatalogGatherAuthorityIdentity,
+  CatalogProviderDiscoveryPolicySnapshot,
+  CatalogProcessLocalEvidence,
+  CatalogSourceEvidence,
+  CatalogTrustedOpenAiApiPolicySnapshot,
+} from "../convergence-types";
+
+export type { CatalogGatherProviderAuthEvidence } from "./filesystem-evidence";
+
+/** Concurrent gatherRoutedModels callers with the same catalog identity share one live discovery.
+ *  Keyed by gatherFlightKey so a different config cannot join or evict the wrong flight. */
+export interface CatalogGatherProviderAuthOutcome {
+  readonly provider: string;
+  readonly state: OAuthActiveTokenObservation["kind"];
+}
+
+export interface CatalogGatherProviderModelOutcome {
+  readonly provider: string;
+  readonly state: "authoritative" | "degraded";
+}
+
+export interface GatherRoutedModelsOptions {
+  comboOmissions?: ComboCatalogOmission[];
+  providerAuthOutcomes?: CatalogGatherProviderAuthOutcome[];
+  /** Flight-local authority of each provider's returned model rows. */
+  providerModelOutcomes?: CatalogGatherProviderModelOutcome[];
+  /** Internal convergence sink for the immutable policy that produced the returned rows. */
+  discoveryPolicySnapshots?: CatalogProviderDiscoveryPolicySnapshot[];
+}
+
+interface GatherFlightResult {
+  models: CatalogModel[];
+  comboOmissions: ComboCatalogOmission[];
+  providerAuthOutcomes: readonly CatalogGatherProviderAuthOutcome[];
+  providerModelOutcomes: readonly CatalogGatherProviderModelOutcome[];
+  discoveryPolicySnapshots: readonly CatalogProviderDiscoveryPolicySnapshot[];
+}
+
+interface ProviderModelsResult {
+  readonly models: CatalogModel[];
+  readonly outcome: CatalogGatherProviderModelOutcome;
+}
+
+interface ModelsAuthResolution {
+  readonly apiKey: string | undefined;
+  readonly observed: boolean;
+  readonly oauthApiBaseUrl?: string;
+  readonly oauthProjectId?: string;
+}
+
+type ModelsAuthResolver =
+  | { readonly kind: "refreshing" }
+  | {
+      readonly kind: "observed";
+      readonly resolve: (name: string, provider: OcxProviderConfig) => ModelsAuthResolution;
+    };
+
+type ModelsAuthResolverFactory = (
+  outcomes: CatalogGatherProviderAuthOutcome[],
+) => ModelsAuthResolver;
+
+interface CapturedModelsRequest {
+  readonly method: "GET" | "POST";
+  readonly url: string;
+  readonly headersWithoutCredential: Readonly<Record<string, string>>;
+  readonly headersWithCredential: Readonly<Record<string, string>>;
+}
+
+interface CapturedProviderGather {
+  readonly name: string;
+  readonly provider: OcxProviderConfig;
+  readonly discovery: ResolvedProviderModelDiscovery;
+  readonly policy: CatalogProviderDiscoveryPolicySnapshot;
+  readonly request: CapturedModelsRequest;
+  readonly fastPolicyAuthority: FastPolicyAuthority;
+  readonly observedAuth?: ModelsAuthResolution;
+  /**
+   * Configured model ids this provider must keep even when live discovery omits
+   * them — combo targets that are also listed in providers.*.models (OCX-111).
+   * Combo-only ids (not in models[]) stay out of the public catalog and are
+   * synthesized for combo derivation instead (#1305).
+   */
+  readonly retainConfiguredModelIds?: ReadonlySet<string>;
+}
+
+interface GatherFlightCapture {
+  readonly discoveryPolicyIdentity: string;
+  readonly authIdentity: string;
+  readonly providerGraphIdentity: string;
+  readonly discoveryPolicySnapshots: readonly CatalogProviderDiscoveryPolicySnapshot[];
+  readonly providers: readonly CapturedProviderGather[];
+  readonly authResolver: ModelsAuthResolver;
+  readonly providerAuthOutcomes: readonly CatalogGatherProviderAuthOutcome[];
+  readonly openAiApiPolicy: CatalogTrustedOpenAiApiPolicySnapshot;
+}
+
+interface GatherInflightEntry {
+  readonly discoveryPolicyIdentity: string;
+  /**
+   * The credential half of the join decision.
+   *
+   * `gatherFlightKey`'s fingerprint carries endpoints and model lists but no
+   * `authMode`, key or headers, and discovery policy does not carry them either.
+   * Two admissions differing ONLY in credential therefore produced the same key
+   * and the same policy, so the second joined the first and published rows the
+   * old key had fetched — reproduced against the real routes by rotating a key
+   * through `/api/providers/keys` mid-flight.
+   *
+   * Now REDUNDANT with `providerGraphIdentity`, which hashes the whole provider
+   * row and therefore covers `apiKey` too: removing this term alone leaves the
+   * credential regression green. It is kept deliberately, for two reasons. It
+   * covers what the graph cannot — the RESOLVED auth (`observedAuth`) and the
+   * final materialized headers, which are derived rather than stored, so an
+   * OAuth token that changes while the row is byte-identical still separates
+   * admissions. And it states the credential rule where a reader looks for it,
+   * instead of leaving it as an emergent property of hashing everything.
+   */
+  readonly authIdentity: string;
+  /**
+   * The whole admitted provider graph, not a chosen subset.
+   *
+   * `providerCatalogFingerprint` is an ALLOW-LIST, so every field it forgot was
+   * silently treated as equivalence: credentials leaked a flight until
+   * `authIdentity` landed, and `reasoningEfforts` leaked one after that — both
+   * reproduced against real routes. Enumerating fields cannot converge, because
+   * the next field added to a provider row inherits the same defect. This
+   * identity therefore covers the enriched, frozen provider objects the flight
+   * actually gathered from, so a join is refused unless the admissions agree on
+   * everything rather than on everything somebody remembered to list.
+   */
+  readonly providerGraphIdentity: string;
+  readonly promise: Promise<GatherFlightResult>;
+}
+
+function withCanonicalOpenAiForwardAuthDefault(
+  name: string,
+  provider: OcxProviderConfig,
+): OcxProviderConfig {
+  if (name !== OPENAI_CODEX_PROVIDER_ID || provider.authMode !== undefined) return provider;
+  const candidate = { ...provider, authMode: "forward" as const };
+  return isCanonicalOpenAiForwardProvider(candidate) ? candidate : provider;
+}
+
+const gatherInflight = new Map<string, GatherInflightEntry[]>();
+const CATALOG_GATHER_AUTHORITY_KEY = randomBytes(32);
+const REQUEST_CREDENTIAL_SENTINEL = `ocx-catalog-credential-${randomBytes(16).toString("hex")}`;
+const MAX_CONCURRENT_CATALOG_GATHERS = 8;
+const gatherGate = createAdmissionGate("catalog_gathers", MAX_CONCURRENT_CATALOG_GATHERS);
+
+export class CatalogGatherBusyError extends ResourceAdmissionError {
+  override readonly code = "catalog_busy";
+  readonly retryAfterSeconds = 1;
+  constructor() {
+    super("catalog_gathers", MAX_CONCURRENT_CATALOG_GATHERS);
+    this.name = "CatalogGatherBusyError";
+  }
+}
+
+export function catalogGatherAdmissionMetrics(): AdmissionMetrics {
+  return gatherGate.metrics();
+}
+
+function stableJson(value: unknown): string {
+  return JSON.stringify(value, (_key, nested) => {
+    if (nested && typeof nested === "object" && !Array.isArray(nested)) {
+      return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(nested as Record<string, unknown>).sort(([a], [b]) => a.localeCompare(b)));
+    }
+    return nested;
+  });
+}
+
+function framed(value: string): string {
+  return `${Buffer.byteLength(value, "utf8")}:${value}`;
+}
+
+function canonicalAuthorityEncoding(value: unknown): string {
+  if (value === null) return "null";
+  if (value === undefined) return "undefined";
+  if (typeof value === "string") return `string${framed(value)}`;
+  if (typeof value === "boolean") return value ? "boolean1" : "boolean0";
+  if (typeof value === "number") {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(value)) throw new TypeError("Catalog authority cannot encode a non-finite number.");
+    const encoded = Object.is(value, -0) ? "-0" : String(value);
+    return `number${framed(encoded)}`;
+  }
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    return `array${value.length}:${value.map(item => framed(canonicalAuthorityEncoding(item))).join("")}`;
+  }
+  if (typeof value === "object") {
+    const record = value as Record<string, unknown>;
+    const keys = Object.keys(record).sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right));
+    return `object${keys.length}:${keys.map(key => (
+      `${framed(key)}${framed(canonicalAuthorityEncoding(record[key]))}`
+    )).join("")}`;
+  }
+  throw new TypeError(`Catalog authority cannot encode ${typeof value}.`);
+}
+
+function keyedGatherIdentity(domain: string, value: unknown): string {
+  return createHmac("sha256", CATALOG_GATHER_AUTHORITY_KEY)
+    .update(framed(domain))
+    .update(framed(canonicalAuthorityEncoding(value)))
+    .digest("hex");
+}
+
+function keyedGatherBytesIdentity(domain: string, value: Uint8Array): string {
+  return createHmac("sha256", CATALOG_GATHER_AUTHORITY_KEY)
+    .update(framed(domain))
+    .update(`${value.byteLength}:`)
+    .update(value)
+    .digest("hex");
+}
+
+export function createCatalogGatherAuthorityIdentity(
+  snapshot: CatalogAdmissionSnapshot,
+  sourceEvidence: CatalogSourceEvidence,
+  processLocal: CatalogProcessLocalEvidence,
+  discoveryPolicies: readonly CatalogProviderDiscoveryPolicySnapshot[],
+): CatalogGatherAuthorityIdentity {
+  const sourceEvidenceIdentity = keyedGatherIdentity("catalog-source-evidence-v1", sourceEvidence);
+  const processLocalEvidenceIdentity = keyedGatherIdentity("catalog-process-local-v1", processLocal);
+  const discoveryPolicyIdentity = keyedGatherIdentity("catalog-discovery-policy-v1", discoveryPolicies);
+  return Object.freeze({
+    version: 1 as const,
+    authorityId: keyedGatherIdentity("catalog-authority-v1", {
+      admittedConfig: snapshot.configIdentity,
+      discoveryPolicyIdentity,
+      sourceEvidenceIdentity,
+      processLocalEvidenceIdentity,
+    }),
+    admittedConfig: Object.freeze({
+      ...snapshot.configIdentity,
+      generation: Object.freeze({ ...snapshot.configIdentity.generation }),
+    }),
+    authSnapshotIdentity: keyedGatherIdentity(
+      "catalog-auth-v1",
+      sourceEvidence.conditional["provider-auth-selection"],
+    ),
+    discoveryPolicyIdentity,
+    nativeCatalogSourceIdentity: keyedGatherIdentity(
+      "catalog-native-v1",
+      sourceEvidence.conditional["native-catalog-selection"],
+    ),
+    sourceEvidenceIdentity,
+    processLocalEvidenceIdentity,
+  });
+}
+
+function detachedClone<T>(value: T): T {
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) return value.map(item => detachedClone(item)) as T;
+  if (value && typeof value === "object") {
+    const clone: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    for (const key of Object.keys(value)) {
+      clone[key] = detachedClone((value as Record<string, unknown>)[key]);
+    }
+    return clone as T;
+  }
+  return value;
+}
+
+function recursivelyFreeze<T>(value: T): T {
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object" || Object.isFrozen(value)) return value;
+  for (const nested of Object.values(value as Record<string, unknown>)) recursivelyFreeze(nested);
+  return Object.freeze(value);
+}
+
+function detachedFrozen<T>(value: T): T {
+  return recursivelyFreeze(detachedClone(value));
+}
+
+function capturedField<T extends object, K extends keyof T>(
+  value: T | undefined,
+  key: K,
+): CatalogDiscoveryPolicyField<T[K]> {
+  if (!value || !Object.hasOwn(value, key)) return Object.freeze({ state: "absent" });
+  return detachedFrozen({ state: "present" as const, value: value[key] });
+}
+
+function captureTrustedOpenAiApiPolicy(
+  name: string,
+  registryTransportMatch: boolean,
+): CatalogTrustedOpenAiApiPolicySnapshot {
+  if (name !== OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID) return Object.freeze({ state: "unused" });
+  if (!registryTransportMatch) return Object.freeze({ state: "transport-mismatch" });
+  const entry = getProviderRegistryEntry(name);
+  if (!entry?.models) return Object.freeze({ state: "registry-models-absent" });
+  return detachedFrozen({
+    state: "captured" as const,
+    models: entry.models,
+    ...(entry.modelContextWindows ? { modelContextWindows: entry.modelContextWindows } : {}),
+    ...(entry.modelMaxInputTokens ? { modelMaxInputTokens: entry.modelMaxInputTokens } : {}),
+    ...(entry.modelInputModalities ? { modelInputModalities: entry.modelInputModalities } : {}),
+    ...(entry.modelReasoningEfforts ? { modelReasoningEfforts: entry.modelReasoningEfforts } : {}),
+  });
+}
+
+function captureModelsRequest(
+  name: string,
+  provider: OcxProviderConfig,
+  observedAuth: ModelsAuthResolution | undefined,
+): CapturedModelsRequest {
+  const observed = observedAuth
+    ? { oauthApiBaseUrl: observedAuth.oauthApiBaseUrl }
+    : undefined;
+  const withoutCredential = buildModelsRequest(provider, undefined, name, observed);
+  const withCredential = buildModelsRequest(provider, REQUEST_CREDENTIAL_SENTINEL, name, observed);
+  const method = withoutCredential.method ?? "GET";
+  if (withoutCredential.url !== withCredential.url || method !== (withCredential.method ?? "GET")) {
+    throw new TypeError(`Provider model discovery URL for ${name} depends on credential bytes.`);
+  }
+  return detachedFrozen({
+    method,
+    url: withoutCredential.url,
+    headersWithoutCredential: withoutCredential.headers,
+    headersWithCredential: withCredential.headers,
+  });
+}
+
+function captureProviderGather(
+  name: string,
+  configured: OcxProviderConfig,
+  authResolver: ModelsAuthResolver,
+  retainConfiguredModelIds?: ReadonlySet<string>,
+): CapturedProviderGather {
+  const enriched = detachedClone(withCanonicalOpenAiForwardAuthDefault(name, configured));
+  enrichProviderFromRegistry(name, enriched);
+  const registryTransportMatch = providerMatchesRegistryTransport(name, enriched);
+  const provider = recursivelyFreeze(enriched);
+  const fastPolicyAuthority = captureFastPolicyAuthority(
+    name,
+    provider,
+    registryTransportMatch,
+    configured,
+  );
+  const observedAuth = authResolver.kind === "observed"
+    && provider.authMode !== "forward"
+    && provider.liveModels !== false
+    ? authResolver.resolve(name, provider)
+    : undefined;
+  const request = captureModelsRequest(name, provider, observedAuth);
+  const resolved = resolveProviderModelDiscovery(name, provider);
+  const discovery = detachedFrozen({
+    ...(resolved.spec ? { spec: resolved.spec } : {}),
+    maxResponseBytes: resolved.maxResponseBytes,
+    maxModels: resolved.maxModels,
+  });
+  const trustedOpenAiApi = captureTrustedOpenAiApiPolicy(name, registryTransportMatch);
+  const policy = detachedFrozen({
+    provider: name,
+    registryTransportMatch,
+    location: {
+      spec: discovery.spec ? "present" as const : "absent" as const,
+      url: capturedField(discovery.spec, "url"),
+      path: capturedField(discovery.spec, "path"),
+      query: capturedField(discovery.spec, "query"),
+    },
+    finalMethod: request.method,
+    finalUrl: request.url,
+    filter: capturedField(discovery.spec, "filter"),
+    maxResponseBytes: discovery.maxResponseBytes,
+    maxModels: discovery.maxModels,
+    trustedOpenAiApi,
+  });
+  return Object.freeze({
+    name,
+    provider,
+    discovery,
+    policy,
+    request,
+    fastPolicyAuthority,
+    ...(observedAuth ? { observedAuth: Object.freeze({ ...observedAuth }) } : {}),
+    ...(retainConfiguredModelIds && retainConfiguredModelIds.size > 0
+      ? { retainConfiguredModelIds }
+      : {}),
+  });
+}
+
+/** Model ids each provider must retain for combo catalog derivation (OCX-111). */
+export function configuredComboTargetModelsByProvider(
+  config: Pick<OcxConfig, "combos">,
+): Map<string, ReadonlySet<string>> {
+  const byProvider = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+  for (const id of listComboIds(config)) {
+    const combo = getCombo(config, id);
+    if (!combo) continue;
+    for (const target of combo.targets) {
+      let models = byProvider.get(target.provider);
+      if (!models) {
+        models = new Set();
+        byProvider.set(target.provider, models);
+      }
+      models.add(target.model);
+    }
+  }
+  return byProvider;
+}
+
+function captureGatherFlight(
+  config: OcxConfig,
+  createAuthResolver: ModelsAuthResolverFactory,
+): GatherFlightCapture {
+  const providerAuthOutcomes: CatalogGatherProviderAuthOutcome[] = [];
+  const authResolver = createAuthResolver(providerAuthOutcomes);
+  const comboTargetsByProvider = configuredComboTargetModelsByProvider(config);
+  const providers = Object.entries(config.providers)
+    .filter(([, provider]) => provider.disabled !== true)
+    .map(([name, provider]) => captureProviderGather(
+      name,
+      provider,
+      authResolver,
+      comboTargetsByProvider.get(name),
+    ));
+  const discoveryPolicySnapshots = Object.freeze(providers.map(provider => provider.policy));
+  return Object.freeze({
+    discoveryPolicyIdentity: keyedGatherIdentity("catalog-discovery-policy-v1", discoveryPolicySnapshots),
+    // Credentials are hashed under the same unexported per-process key, never
+    // stored or compared in the clear: this value can reach a map key and must
+    // not disclose a token. The final headers are included because a static
+    // header can carry authority just as an `apiKey` can.
+    authIdentity: keyedGatherIdentity("catalog-gather-auth-v1", providers.map(provider => ({
+      name: provider.name,
+      authMode: provider.provider.authMode ?? null,
+      liveModels: provider.provider.liveModels ?? null,
+      credential: provider.provider.apiKey ?? null,
+      observedAuth: provider.observedAuth ?? null,
+      headers: provider.request.headersWithCredential,
+      url: provider.request.url,
+    }))),
+    // Every enriched provider row the flight will gather from, in admission order.
+    // Anything that can change a catalog row lives in here by construction.
+    providerGraphIdentity: keyedGatherIdentity("catalog-gather-provider-graph-v1",
+      providers.map(provider => ({
+        name: provider.name,
+        // `fetch` is a caller-owned transport executor, not admitted state: the
+        // outbound transport honors it so a caller can supply its own HTTP path.
+        // It is the one member of a provider row that is legitimately a function,
+        // so it is dropped here rather than allowed to break every encode.
+        provider: omitProviderTransportExecutor(provider.provider),
+        fastPolicyAuthority: provider.fastPolicyAuthority,
+        // Combo retention is capture-time state, not a provider-row field. Two
+        // gathers that share providers but differ in combo targets must not join.
+        retainConfiguredModelIds: [...(provider.retainConfiguredModelIds ?? [])].sort(),
+      }))),
+    discoveryPolicySnapshots,
+    providers: Object.freeze(providers),
+    authResolver,
+    providerAuthOutcomes: Object.freeze([...providerAuthOutcomes]),
+    openAiApiPolicy: providers.find(provider => provider.name === OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID)?.policy.trustedOpenAiApi
+      ?? Object.freeze({ state: "unused" as const }),
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Drop the caller-owned transport executor before hashing a provider row.
+ *
+ * Fails closed on anything ELSE that cannot be encoded: the point of hashing the
+ * whole row is that no field escapes the comparison, so a second function member
+ * must surface as an encode error rather than being quietly skipped here.
+ */
+function omitProviderTransportExecutor(provider: OcxProviderConfig): Record<string, unknown> {
+  const entries = Object.entries(provider).filter(([key]) => key !== "fetch");
+  return Object.fromEntries(entries);
+}
+
+function materializeCapturedHeaders(
+  request: CapturedModelsRequest,
+  apiKey: string | undefined,
+): Record<string, string> {
+  const source = apiKey ? request.headersWithCredential : request.headersWithoutCredential;
+  return Object.fromEntries(Object.entries(source).map(([name, value]) => [
+    name,
+    apiKey ? value.split(REQUEST_CREDENTIAL_SENTINEL).join(apiKey) : value,
+  ]));
+}
+
+function providerCatalogFingerprint(name: string, prov: OcxProviderConfig): Record<string, unknown> {
+  return {
+    n: name,
+    // Preserve the persisted tri-state. Registry enrichment may turn an omitted value into
+    // `false` while an explicit `true` stays live, so those callers must not share a flight.
+    live: prov.liveModels ?? null,
+    base: prov.baseUrl ?? "",
+    adapter: prov.adapter ?? "",
+    models: [...(prov.models ?? [])].sort(),
+    selected: [...(prov.selectedModels ?? [])].sort(),
+    defaultModel: prov.defaultModel ?? null,
+    ctx: prov.contextWindow ?? null,
+    ctxW: prov.modelContextWindows ?? null,
+    maxIn: prov.modelMaxInputTokens ?? null,
+    inMod: prov.modelInputModalities ?? null,
+    re: prov.modelReasoningEfforts ?? null,
+    defRe: prov.modelDefaultReasoningEfforts ?? null,
+    rsSum: prov.modelSupportsReasoningSummaries ?? null,
+    rsDel: prov.modelReasoningSummaryDelivery ?? null,
+    serviceTier: prov.modelSupportsServiceTier ?? null,
+    noVis: [...(prov.noVisionModels ?? [])].sort(),
+    ptc: prov.parallelToolCalls ?? null,
+    gMode: prov.googleMode ?? null,
+  };
+}
+
+function gatherFlightKey(config: OcxConfig): string {
+  const providers = Object.entries(config.providers)
+    .filter(([, prov]) => prov.disabled !== true)
+    .map(([name, prov]) => providerCatalogFingerprint(name, prov))
+    .sort((a, b) => String(a.n).localeCompare(String(b.n)));
+  const assembly = stableJson({
+    providers,
+    disabledModels: [...(config.disabledModels ?? [])].sort(),
+    combos: config.combos ?? {},
+    customModels: (config.customModels ?? []).map((cm) => ({
+      p: cm.provider,
+      m: cm.modelId,
+      d: cm.displayName ?? null,
+      cw: cm.contextWindow ?? null,
+      im: cm.inputModalities ?? null,
+    })),
+    caps: config.providerContextCaps ?? null,
+  });
+  const digest = createHash("sha256").update(assembly).digest("hex").slice(0, 16);
+  return `${digest}#${config.modelCacheTtlMs ?? DEFAULT_MODEL_CACHE_TTL_MS}`;
+}
+
+/** Drop in-flight gather so tests / full cache clears do not reuse a stale promise. */
+export function clearGatherRoutedModelsInflight(): void {
+  gatherInflight.clear();
+}
+
+export function configuredContextWindow(prov: OcxProviderConfig, id: string): number | undefined {
+  const configured = modelRecordValue(prov.modelContextWindows, id) ?? prov.contextWindow;
+  return typeof configured === "number" && configured > 0 ? configured : undefined;
+}
+
+export function configuredInputModalities(prov: OcxProviderConfig, id: string): string[] | undefined {
+  const modalities = modelRecordValue(prov.modelInputModalities, id);
+  return Array.isArray(modalities) && modalities.length > 0 ? [...modalities] : undefined;
+}
+
+export function configuredMaxInputTokens(prov: OcxProviderConfig, id: string): number | undefined {
+  const configured = modelRecordValue(prov.modelMaxInputTokens, id);
+  return typeof configured === "number" && configured > 0 ? configured : undefined;
+}
+
+function configuredReasoningSummarySupport(prov: OcxProviderConfig | undefined, id: string): boolean | undefined {
+  if (!prov) return undefined;
+  const explicit = modelRecordValue(prov.modelSupportsReasoningSummaries, id);
+  if (explicit !== undefined) return explicit;
+  return modelRecordValue(prov.modelReasoningSummaryDelivery, id) !== undefined ? true : undefined;
+}
+
+export function applyProviderConfigHints(name: string, prov: OcxProviderConfig, model: CatalogModel, providerCap?: number): CatalogModel {
+  void name;
+  const configuredCap = configuredContextWindow(prov, model.id);
+  const configuredMaxInput = configuredMaxInputTokens(prov, model.id);
+  let inputModalities = configuredInputModalities(prov, model.id);
+  // Vision-sidecar coverage: `noVisionModels` marks models whose images the PROXY describes
+  // (src/vision/index.ts). The catalog must still advertise image input for them — the Codex app
+  // gates attachments client-side on input_modalities, and a text-only entry would block images
+  // before the sidecar ever runs ("This model does not support image inputs").
+  if (modelInList(prov.noVisionModels, model.id)) {
+    const base = inputModalities ?? model.inputModalities ?? ["text"];
+    inputModalities = base.includes("image") ? [...base] : [...base, "image"];
+  }
+  const reasoningEfforts = configuredReasoningEfforts(prov, model.id);
+  const defaultReasoningEffort = modelRecordValue(prov.modelDefaultReasoningEfforts, model.id) ?? model.defaultReasoningEffort;
+  const supportsReasoningSummaries = configuredReasoningSummarySupport(prov, model.id);
+  const fastPolicy = fastPolicyForModel(prov, model.id, name);
+  const supportsServiceTier = serviceTierSupportFromPolicy(fastPolicy);
+  const {
+    supportsServiceTier: _staleServiceTier,
+    fastTierDescription: _staleFastTierDescription,
+    ...modelWithoutServiceTier
+  } = model;
+  // 已发现窗口只允许被配置值压低；缺窗口时，已开的 Context cap 就是实际窗口。
+  const discoveredWindow = typeof model.contextWindow === "number" && model.contextWindow > 0
+    ? model.contextWindow
+    : undefined;
+  const hintedWindow = discoveredWindow !== undefined
+    ? (configuredCap !== undefined ? Math.min(discoveredWindow, configuredCap) : discoveredWindow)
+    : (configuredCap ?? (providerCap !== undefined ? resolveUnknownRoutedContextWindow(providerCap) : undefined));
+  const hinted = {
+    ...modelWithoutServiceTier,
+    ...(hintedWindow !== undefined ? { contextWindow: hintedWindow } : {}),
+    ...(inputModalities ? { inputModalities } : {}),
+    ...(reasoningEfforts !== undefined ? { reasoningEfforts } : {}),
+    ...(configuredMaxInput !== undefined
+      ? {
+        maxInputTokens: typeof model.maxInputTokens === "number" && model.maxInputTokens > 0
+          ? Math.min(model.maxInputTokens, configuredMaxInput)
+          : configuredMaxInput,
+      }
+      : {}),
+    ...(defaultReasoningEffort ? { defaultReasoningEffort } : {}),
+    ...(typeof supportsReasoningSummaries === "boolean" ? { supportsReasoningSummaries } : {}),
+    ...(typeof supportsServiceTier === "boolean" ? { supportsServiceTier } : {}),
+    ...(supportsServiceTier === true && fastPolicy.fastTierDescription !== undefined
+      ? { fastTierDescription: fastPolicy.fastTierDescription }
+      : {}),
+    ...(prov.adapter === "kiro" ? { supportsVerbosity: false } : {}),
+    // Default-on for openai-chat providers (explicit false opts out); other adapters
+    // advertise only on explicit opt-in.
+    ...(prov.parallelToolCalls === true || (prov.adapter === "openai-chat" && prov.parallelToolCalls !== false)
+      ? { parallelToolCalls: true }
+      : {}),
+    ...(prov.codexToolMode !== undefined ? { codexToolMode: prov.codexToolMode } : {}),
+  };
+  const capped = applyProviderContextCap(hinted.contextWindow, providerCap);
+  if (providerCap !== undefined && capped !== hinted.contextWindow) {
+    return { ...hinted, contextWindow: capped, contextCap: providerCap, contextCapped: true };
+  }
+  return providerCap !== undefined ? { ...hinted, contextCap: providerCap, contextCapped: false } : hinted;
+}
+
+export function catalogHintsFromProviderConfig(name: string, prov: OcxProviderConfig, id: string, contextCap?: number): Partial<CatalogModel> {
+  const hinted = applyProviderConfigHints(name, prov, { id, provider: name }, contextCap);
+  const { provider: _provider, id: _id, ...hints } = hinted;
+  return hints;
+}
+
+export function applyConfigHintsToCachedModels(name: string, prov: OcxProviderConfig, models: CatalogModel[], contextCap?: number): CatalogModel[] {
+  return models.map(model => applyProviderConfigHints(name, prov, model, contextCap));
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Last-resort context window for combo member synthesis when discovery,
+ * provider config, and an enabled Context cap all omit one. Matches the
+ * catalog entry default in `normalizeRoutedCatalogEntry` so incomplete live
+ * rows still catalog. An enabled Context cap is the operator-facing window,
+ * not a clamp on this placeholder.
+ */
+const COMBO_MEMBER_CONTEXT_FALLBACK = 128_000;
+
+interface ComboCatalogMemberFallback {
+  readonly contextWindow?: number;
+  /** Input ceiling when it is lower than the window (native GPT-5.6: 922k under 1.05M). */
+  readonly maxInputTokens?: number;
+  readonly inputModalities?: readonly string[];
+  readonly reasoningEfforts?: readonly string[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve a combo target to a catalog member for derivation.
+ * Prefer discovery metadata; when the target is missing from the gather map or
+ * lacks a positive contextWindow, synthesize from the (registry-enriched)
+ * provider config so combos remain catalogued when targets are configured but
+ * discovery metadata is incomplete. Disabled providers stay unresolved.
+ * When hints still omit contextWindow, prefer known maxInputTokens, else the
+ * enabled Context cap, else COMBO_MEMBER_CONTEXT_FALLBACK so a live row
+ * without ctx does not drop the whole combo from the public catalog.
+ */
+export function resolveComboCatalogMember(
+  target: { provider: string; model: string },
+  memberByKey: ReadonlyMap<string, CatalogModel>,
+  providers: ReadonlyMap<string, OcxProviderConfig>,
+  contextCap?: number,
+  fallback?: ComboCatalogMemberFallback,
+): CatalogModel | undefined {
+  const existing = memberByKey.get(targetKey(target));
+  const prov = providers.get(target.provider);
+  // Disabled providers never contribute members — even a complete discovery row
+  // is unusable for catalog derivation while the provider is off.
+  if (prov?.disabled === true) return undefined;
+
+  const withFallbackMetadata = (member: CatalogModel): CatalogModel => {
+    if (!fallback) return member;
+    const contextWindow = typeof member.contextWindow === "number" && member.contextWindow > 0
+      ? member.contextWindow
+      : undefined;
+    const addMaxInput = contextWindow !== undefined
+      && !(typeof member.maxInputTokens === "number" && member.maxInputTokens > 0);
+    const addModalities = (!Array.isArray(member.inputModalities) || member.inputModalities.length === 0)
+      && fallback.inputModalities !== undefined;
+    const addReasoning = member.reasoningEfforts === undefined
+      && fallback.reasoningEfforts !== undefined;
+    if (!addMaxInput && !addModalities && !addReasoning) return member;
+    return {
+      ...member,
+      // Never claim a larger input budget than the window, and prefer the model's own
+      // measured ceiling when the fallback carries one.
+      ...(addMaxInput
+        ? { maxInputTokens: Math.min(fallback.maxInputTokens ?? contextWindow!, contextWindow!) }
+        : {}),
+      ...(addModalities ? { inputModalities: [...fallback.inputModalities!] } : {}),
+      ...(addReasoning ? { reasoningEfforts: [...fallback.reasoningEfforts!] } : {}),
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Complete live/configured rows still honour providerContextCaps so a high
+  // discovery window cannot outrun an operator-configured cap. Native-alias
+  // fallback metadata may fill only capability gaps; it never raises an explicit
+  // discovered/configured context window.
+  if (
+    existing
+    && typeof existing.contextWindow === "number"
+    && existing.contextWindow > 0
+  ) {
+    const capped = applyProviderContextCap(existing.contextWindow, contextCap);
+    if (capped === undefined || capped === existing.contextWindow) {
+      return withFallbackMetadata(existing);
+    }
+    const maxInput = typeof existing.maxInputTokens === "number" && existing.maxInputTokens > 0
+      ? Math.min(existing.maxInputTokens, capped)
+      : Math.min(fallback?.maxInputTokens ?? capped, capped);
+    return withFallbackMetadata({
+      ...existing,
+      contextWindow: capped,
+      maxInputTokens: maxInput,
+      contextCap,
+      contextCapped: true as const,
+    });
+  }
+
+  const base: CatalogModel = existing ?? {
+    id: target.model,
+    provider: target.provider,
+  };
+  const hinted = prov
+    ? applyProviderConfigHints(target.provider, prov, base, contextCap)
+    : base;
+  const hintedContext = typeof hinted.contextWindow === "number" && hinted.contextWindow > 0
+    ? hinted.contextWindow
+    : undefined;
+  const knownMaxInput = typeof hinted.maxInputTokens === "number" && hinted.maxInputTokens > 0
+    ? hinted.maxInputTokens
+    : (typeof base.maxInputTokens === "number" && base.maxInputTokens > 0
+      ? base.maxInputTokens
+      : undefined);
+  // Kept OUT of knownMaxInput on purpose: that value doubles as a context-window fallback
+  // below, and a native alias whose input ceiling (922k) is lower than its window (1.05M)
+  // would otherwise shrink the advertised window to the input limit.
+  const fallbackMaxInput = existing || prov ? fallback?.maxInputTokens : undefined;
+  // Real discovery/config values win. A native alias is the next fallback tier.
+  // The generic 128k/text synthesis from #1305 remains the final fallback.
+  const fallbackContext = existing || prov ? fallback?.contextWindow : undefined;
+  const uncappedContext = hintedContext
+    ?? knownMaxInput
+    ?? fallbackContext
+    ?? (existing || prov ? resolveUnknownRoutedContextWindow(contextCap) : undefined);
+  if (uncappedContext === undefined) return undefined;
+  // 真发现值才压低。resolveUnknownRoutedContextWindow 已经把 cap 当成窗口填进去了，不能再 min 一次。
+  const usedDiscoveredWindow = hintedContext !== undefined || knownMaxInput !== undefined || fallbackContext !== undefined;
+  const cappedContext = usedDiscoveredWindow
+    ? applyProviderContextCap(uncappedContext, contextCap)
+    : uncappedContext;
+  const contextWindow = cappedContext ?? uncappedContext;
+  const fallbackCapped = usedDiscoveredWindow
+    && contextCap !== undefined
+    && cappedContext !== undefined
+    && cappedContext !== uncappedContext;
+
+  const inputModalities = hinted.inputModalities
+    ?? base.inputModalities
+    ?? (fallback?.inputModalities ? [...fallback.inputModalities] : undefined)
+    ?? ["text"];
+  const reasoningEfforts = hinted.reasoningEfforts
+    ?? (prov ? configuredReasoningEfforts(prov, target.model) : undefined)
+    ?? base.reasoningEfforts
+    ?? (fallback?.reasoningEfforts ? [...fallback.reasoningEfforts] : undefined);
+  // The model's own measured input ceiling still applies when discovery gave us nothing:
+  // GPT-5.6 advertises a 1.05M window but refuses input past 922k.
+  const effectiveMaxInput = knownMaxInput ?? fallbackMaxInput;
+  const maxInputTokens = effectiveMaxInput !== undefined
+    ? Math.min(effectiveMaxInput, contextWindow)
+    : contextWindow;
+
+  return {
+    ...hinted,
+    inputModalities,
+    ...(reasoningEfforts !== undefined ? { reasoningEfforts } : {}),
+    contextWindow,
+    maxInputTokens,
+    ...(fallbackCapped ? { contextCap, contextCapped: true as const } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+export function isDatedVariantId(liveId: string, configuredId: string): boolean {
+  if (!liveId.startsWith(`${configuredId}-`)) return false;
+  return /^\d{8}$/.test(liveId.slice(configuredId.length + 1));
+}
+
+export const lastDropWarnSignature = new Map<string, string>();
+let lastWarningReconciledGeneration = 0;
+
+export function reconcileProviderFetchWarnings(generation: number): number {
+  if (generation <= lastWarningReconciledGeneration) return 0;
+  const removed = lastDropWarnSignature.size;
+  lastDropWarnSignature.clear();
+  lastWarningReconciledGeneration = generation;
+  return removed;
+}
+
+export const QUIET_AUTHORITATIVE_CATALOG_PROVIDERS = new Set(["kimi", "xai"]);
+
+export const CALLABLE_CONFIGURED_COMPATIBILITY_MODELS: Readonly<Record<string, ReadonlySet<string>>> = {
+  kimi: new Set([
+    "k3[1m]",
+    "kimi-k2.7-code",
+    "kimi-k2.7-code-highspeed",
+    "kimi-k2.6",
+    "kimi-k2.5",
+  ]),
+  xai: new Set([
+    "grok-4.3",
+    "grok-4.20-0309-reasoning",
+    "grok-4.20-0309-non-reasoning",
+    "grok-build-0.1",
+    "grok-composer-2.5-fast",
+  ]),
+};
+
+export function warnDroppedConfiguredIdsOnce(name: string, droppedConfiguredIds: string[]): void {
+  const signature = [...droppedConfiguredIds].sort().join(",");
+  if (lastDropWarnSignature.get(name) === signature) return;
+  lastDropWarnSignature.set(name, signature);
+  console.warn(
+    `[opencodex] Provider model discovery for "${name}" omitted configured model ids; dropping them from the authoritative live catalog: ${droppedConfiguredIds.join(", ")}.`,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Z.AI and Neuralwatt advertise GLM reasoning as a bare boolean, which would otherwise
+ * collapse to the four-tier default ladder that omits `max`. These two helpers name the
+ * ladder each GLM generation actually honours on the wire.
+ */
+/** GLM-5.2 and its 1M alias: the full five-tier ladder including `max`. */
+export function isGlm52ModelId(id: string): boolean {
+  const normalized = id.trim().toLowerCase();
+  return normalized === "glm-5.2" || normalized === "glm-5.2[1m]";
+}
+/**
+ * GLM-5.3 and its 1M alias. 260814: docs.z.ai/devpack/latest-model folds every incoming
+ * effort into three effective tiers (low/minimal/light -> low, medium/high -> high,
+ * xhigh/max/ultra -> max), so a boolean capability must not be expanded to five rows.
+ */
+export function isGlm53ModelId(id: string): boolean {
+  const normalized = id.trim().toLowerCase();
+  return normalized === "glm-5.3" || normalized === "glm-5.3[1m]";
+}
+
+function plainRecord(value: unknown): Record<string, unknown> | undefined {
+  return value !== null && typeof value === "object" && !Array.isArray(value)
+    ? value as Record<string, unknown>
+    : undefined;
+}
+
+const MODEL_DISCOVERY_METADATA_CONTROL_CHARS = /[\u0000-\u001f\u007f-\u009f\u2028\u2029]/;
+
+function positiveSafeInteger(...values: unknown[]): number | undefined {
+  return values.find(value => typeof value === "number" && Number.isSafeInteger(value) && value > 0) as number | undefined;
+}
+
+function normalizedMetadataString(raw: string, maxLength: number): string | undefined {
+  if (raw.length > maxLength * 4 || MODEL_DISCOVERY_METADATA_CONTROL_CHARS.test(raw)) return undefined;
+  const normalized = raw.trim().toLowerCase().replace(/\s+/g, "-").slice(0, maxLength);
+  return normalized || undefined;
+}
+
+function normalizedStringList(value: unknown, maxItems = 32, maxLength = 64): string[] | undefined {
+  if (!Array.isArray(value)) return undefined;
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  const maxInspectedItems = Math.max(maxItems * 8, maxItems);
+  for (let i = 0; i < value.length && i < maxInspectedItems; i += 1) {
+    const raw = value[i];
+    if (typeof raw !== "string") continue;
+    const normalized = normalizedMetadataString(raw, maxLength);
+    if (normalized && !out.includes(normalized)) out.push(normalized);
+    if (out.length >= maxItems) break;
+  }
+  return out.length > 0 ? out : undefined;
+}
+
+function modelCapabilities(item: ProviderModelsApiItem): string[] | undefined {
+  const metadata = plainRecord(item.metadata);
+  const metadataCapabilities = metadata?.capabilities;
+  const capabilityRecord = plainRecord(metadataCapabilities)
+    ?? plainRecord(item.capabilities)
+    ?? plainRecord(item.features);
+  const out = new Set<string>();
+  for (const list of [item.capabilities, item.features, item.supported_features, metadataCapabilities]) {
+    for (const capability of normalizedStringList(list) ?? []) out.add(capability);
+  }
+  const capabilityFields = capabilityRecord ?? {};
+  let inspectedCapabilityFields = 0;
+  for (const key in capabilityFields) {
+    if (!Object.hasOwn(capabilityFields, key)) continue;
+    inspectedCapabilityFields += 1;
+    if (inspectedCapabilityFields > 256 || out.size >= 32) break;
+    if (capabilityFields[key] === true) {
+      const normalized = normalizedMetadataString(key, 64);
+      if (normalized) out.add(normalized);
+    }
+  }
+  for (const field of ["supports_tools", "supports_tool_calling", "supports_function_calling"] as const) {
+    if (item[field] === true) out.add("tools");
+  }
+  for (const field of ["supports_reasoning", "reasoning"] as const) {
+    if (item[field] === true) out.add("reasoning");
+  }
+  return out.size > 0 ? [...out].filter(Boolean).slice(0, 32) : undefined;
+}
+
+function modelInputModalities(
+  item: ProviderModelsApiItem,
+  capabilities: readonly string[] | undefined,
+): string[] | undefined {
+  const metadata = plainRecord(item.metadata);
+  const capabilityRecord = plainRecord(metadata?.capabilities)
+    ?? plainRecord(item.capabilities)
+    ?? plainRecord(item.features);
+  const explicit = normalizedStringList(
+    item.input_modalities
+      ?? item.modalities
+      ?? metadata?.input_modalities
+      ?? capabilityRecord?.input_modalities,
+    8,
+    24,
+  )?.filter(value => (
+    // Codex parses `input_modalities` as a closed enum of text | image | audio. A provider that
+    // advertises anything else (zenmux reports "video") must not reach the catalog: Codex rejects
+    // the whole file, so plugins, apps and MCP servers all stop loading over one model's metadata.
+    value === "text" || value === "image" || value === "audio"
+  ));
+  if (explicit && explicit.length > 0) return explicit;
+  const architecture = plainRecord(item.architecture);
+  const architectureModality = typeof architecture?.modality === "string"
+    ? normalizedMetadataString(architecture.modality, 64)
+    : undefined;
+  if (architectureModality?.includes("->")) {
+    const [rawInput = ""] = architectureModality.split("->");
+    const inferred = rawInput
+      .split("+")
+      .filter(value => value === "text" || value === "image" || value === "audio");
+    if (inferred.length > 0) return [...new Set(inferred)];
+  }
+  if (capabilityRecord?.vision === false) return ["text"];
+  if (capabilityRecord?.vision === true || capabilities?.some(value => (
+    value === "vision" || value === "image-input" || value === "image_input"
+    // llama.cpp and Ollama-compatible servers report vision as "multimodal" —
+    // it is the only image signal those servers emit (#1797). Mapped to the
+    // closed `text|image` enum rather than passed through: an out-of-enum
+    // modality makes Codex reject the entire catalog file.
+    || value === "multimodal"
+  ))) {
+    return ["text", "image"];
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+export function catalogHintsFromModelsApiItem(providerName: string, item: ProviderModelsApiItem): Partial<CatalogModel> {
+  const metadata = plainRecord(item.metadata);
+  const capabilityRecord = plainRecord(metadata?.capabilities) ?? plainRecord(item.capabilities);
+  const limits = plainRecord(metadata?.limits);
+  const contextWindow =
+    positiveSafeInteger(
+      limits?.max_context_length,
+      metadata?.context_length,
+      item.context_length,
+      item.context_size,
+      item.max_model_len,
+      item.max_context_length,
+      // llama.cpp reports the served context under `meta`: `n_ctx` is what the
+      // server was actually started with, `n_ctx_train` the model's trained
+      // maximum. Prefer the served value — routing must not promise a window the
+      // running server will refuse. Both come LAST so no provider already
+      // supplying a recognized field changes behavior (#1797).
+      plainRecord(item.meta)?.n_ctx,
+      plainRecord(item.meta)?.n_ctx_train,
+    );
+  const maxInputTokens = positiveSafeInteger(limits?.max_input_tokens, item.max_input_tokens);
+  // Some OpenAI-compatible catalogs expose the selectable ladder under
+  // `reasoning_parameters.efforts` instead of the older `reasoning_efforts` key.
+  // Treat both as model metadata: otherwise a valid upstream capability disappears
+  // before client exporters (including omp) can advertise it.
+  const reasoningParameters = plainRecord(item.reasoning_parameters)
+    ?? plainRecord(metadata?.reasoning_parameters)
+    ?? plainRecord(capabilityRecord?.reasoning_parameters);
+  const rawReasoningEfforts = capabilityRecord?.reasoning_effort
+    ?? item.reasoning_efforts
+    ?? reasoningParameters?.efforts;
+  const listedReasoningEfforts = normalizedStringList(rawReasoningEfforts, 8, 24);
+  const reasoningEfforts = listedReasoningEfforts
+    ? sanitizeCodexReasoningEfforts(listedReasoningEfforts)
+    : typeof rawReasoningEfforts === "boolean"
+      ? (rawReasoningEfforts
+        ? ((providerName === "neuralwatt" || providerName === "zai") && isGlm53ModelId(item.id)
+          ? ["low", "high", "max"]
+          : (providerName === "neuralwatt" || providerName === "zai") && isGlm52ModelId(item.id)
+            ? ["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh", "max"]
+            : ["low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"])
+        : [])
+      : undefined;
+  const capabilities = modelCapabilities(item);
+  const inputModalities = modelInputModalities(item, capabilities);
+  return {
+    ...(contextWindow && contextWindow > 0 ? { contextWindow } : {}),
+    ...(maxInputTokens && maxInputTokens > 0 ? { maxInputTokens } : {}),
+    ...(reasoningEfforts !== undefined ? { reasoningEfforts } : {}),
+    ...(inputModalities ? { inputModalities } : {}),
+    ...(capabilities ? { capabilities } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+function boundedOwnedBy(value: unknown): string | undefined {
+  if (typeof value !== "string" || value.length === 0 || value.length > 256) return undefined;
+  if (MODEL_DISCOVERY_METADATA_CONTROL_CHARS.test(value)) return undefined;
+  return value;
+}
+
+const refreshingModelsAuthResolver: ModelsAuthResolver = { kind: "refreshing" };
+
+function observedModelsAuthResolver(
+  authStoreBuffer: Uint8Array | null,
+  outcomes: CatalogGatherProviderAuthOutcome[],
+): ModelsAuthResolver {
+  return {
+    kind: "observed",
+    resolve(name, provider) {
+      if (provider.authMode === "forward") return { apiKey: undefined, observed: true };
+      if (provider.authMode !== "oauth") {
+        return { apiKey: resolveEnvValue(provider.apiKey), observed: true };
+      }
+
+      const observation = observeActiveOAuthAccessToken(name, authStoreBuffer);
+      outcomes.push({ provider: name, state: observation.kind });
+      if (observation.kind !== "available") return { apiKey: undefined, observed: true };
+      return {
+        apiKey: observation.snapshot.accessToken,
+        observed: true,
+        ...(observation.snapshot.apiBaseUrl ? { oauthApiBaseUrl: observation.snapshot.apiBaseUrl } : {}),
+        ...(observation.snapshot.projectId ? { oauthProjectId: observation.snapshot.projectId } : {}),
+      };
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+async function fetchProviderModelsWithAuth(
+  captured: CapturedProviderGather,
+  ttlMs: number,
+  contextCap: number | undefined,
+  resolveAuth: ModelsAuthResolver,
+): Promise<ProviderModelsResult> {
+  const { name, provider: prov, discovery, request } = captured;
+  const observed = (
+    models: CatalogModel[],
+    state: CatalogGatherProviderModelOutcome["state"],
+  ): ProviderModelsResult => ({ models, outcome: { provider: name, state } });
+  // Capture before any credential refresh or outbound await. OAuth account changes clear this
+  // generation, so a request started with the former account cannot later publish its result.
+  const cacheGeneration = captureModelCacheGeneration(name);
+  const isCurrentCacheGeneration = () => isModelCacheGenerationCurrent(name, cacheGeneration);
+  if (prov.authMode === "forward") return observed([], "authoritative"); // ChatGPT backend has no /models
+  const seedVertexDefault = prov.adapter === "google"
+    && prov.googleMode === "vertex"
+    && (prov.models?.length ?? 0) === 0
+    && Boolean(prov.defaultModel);
+  const configuredIds = seedVertexDefault && prov.defaultModel ? [prov.defaultModel] : (prov.models ?? []);
+  const configured: CatalogModel[] = configuredIds.map(id => ({
+    id,
+    provider: name,
+    ...catalogHintsFromProviderConfig(name, prov, id, contextCap),
+  }));
+  const withConfiguredRetention = (
+    models: CatalogModel[],
+    options?: { retainComboTargets?: boolean; warnDrops?: boolean },
+  ): CatalogModel[] => {
+    const { models: merged, droppedConfiguredIds } = mergeConfiguredModelsIntoLiveCatalog({
+      name,
+      provider: prov,
+      models,
+      configured,
+      retainConfiguredModelIds: captured.retainConfiguredModelIds,
+      contextCap,
+      seedVertexDefault,
+      retainComboTargets: options?.retainComboTargets,
+    });
+    if (
+      options?.warnDrops === true
+      && droppedConfiguredIds.length > 0
+      && name !== OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID
+      && !QUIET_AUTHORITATIVE_CATALOG_PROVIDERS.has(name)
+    ) {
+      warnDroppedConfiguredIdsOnce(name, droppedConfiguredIds);
+    }
+    return merged;
+  };
+  // Static catalogs never need an OAuth refresh or an upstream model request. Clear any
+  // discovery failure left by an older live configuration even when the account is logged out.
+  if (prov.liveModels === false) {
+    clearProviderDiscoveryStatus(name);
+    return observed(configured, "authoritative");
+  }
+  const auth: ModelsAuthResolution = captured.observedAuth ?? (resolveAuth.kind === "refreshing"
+    ? prov.authMode === "oauth" && effectiveGoogleMode(name, prov) === "cloud-code-assist"
+      ? await getValidAccessTokenSnapshot(name)
+        .then(snapshot => ({
+          apiKey: snapshot.accessToken,
+          observed: false,
+          ...(snapshot.projectId ? { oauthProjectId: snapshot.projectId } : {}),
+        }))
+        .catch(() => ({ apiKey: undefined, observed: false }))
+      : { apiKey: await resolveModelsAuthToken(name, prov), observed: false }
+    : resolveAuth.resolve(name, prov));
+  const apiKey = auth.apiKey;
+  // A configured default is a real callable selector and must remain discoverable when a
+  // compatible provider's live /models request fails (issue #308). Keep this separate from the
+  // explicit static list: `liveModels: false` + empty `models[]` intentionally publishes zero
+  // rows, while a failed live discovery may degrade to the default selector.
+  const failedDiscoveryConfigured = configured.length > 0 || !prov.defaultModel || prov.adapter !== "anthropic"
+    ? configured
+    : [{
+      id: prov.defaultModel,
+      provider: name,
+      ...catalogHintsFromProviderConfig(name, prov, prov.defaultModel, contextCap),
+    }];
+  const vertexDefaultSeed = seedVertexDefault ? configured[0] : undefined;
+  const withVertexDefaultSeed = (models: CatalogModel[]): CatalogModel[] => (
+    vertexDefaultSeed && !models.some(model => model.id === vertexDefaultSeed.id)
+      ? [...models, vertexDefaultSeed]
+      : models
+  );
+  if (prov.adapter === "cursor") {
+    if (!apiKey) return observed(configured, "degraded");
+    // Cursor uses a bespoke GetUsableModels RPC (not /models), returning the full effort-suffixed
+    // variants this PLAN can use. Keep the base-model UX (the request builder appends the effort
+    // suffix) but filter the static seed to the bases the account actually has — so models not on the
+    // plan (e.g. claude-fable-5) drop out instead of failing ERROR_BAD_MODEL_NAME. Fall back to the seed.
+    const cachedCursor = getFreshCached(name, ttlMs);
+    if (cachedCursor) {
+      return observed(
+        withConfiguredRetention(applyConfigHintsToCachedModels(name, prov, cachedCursor)),
+        "authoritative",
+      );
+    }
+    if (isModelsFetchCoolingDown(name)) {
+      const cooling = getStaleCached(name);
+      return observed(
+        withConfiguredRetention(
+          cooling ? applyConfigHintsToCachedModels(name, prov, cooling) : configured,
+        ),
+        "degraded",
+      );
+    }
+    const cursorFetch = (prov as OcxProviderConfig & { fetch?: typeof globalThis.fetch }).fetch;
+    const liveResult = await fetchCursorUsableModels({
+      apiKey,
+      baseUrl: prov.baseUrl,
+      upstreamHttpVersion: prov.upstreamHttpVersion,
+      ...(cursorFetch ? { fetch: cursorFetch } : {}),
+    });
+    if (liveResult.ok) {
+      const available = filterCursorConfiguredModelsByLiveDiscovery(configured, liveResult.models);
+      const result = available.length > 0 ? available : configured;
+      // Cache the discovery-filtered roster without combo retention so a later
+      // gather can re-apply the current capture's retain set on read.
+      const forCache = withConfiguredRetention(result, { retainComboTargets: false });
+      if (!setCached(name, forCache, Date.now(), cacheGeneration)) {
+        return observed(withConfiguredRetention(configured), "degraded");
+      }
+      markProviderDiscoveryOk(name, liveResult.models.length);
+      return observed(withConfiguredRetention(forCache, { warnDrops: true }), "authoritative");
+    }
+    if (isCurrentCacheGeneration()) {
+      markModelsFetchFailure(name);
+      markProviderDiscoveryFailed(name, { reason: "provider" });
+      console.warn(
+        `[opencodex] Cursor model discovery for "${name}" failed [${liveResult.error}]${liveResult.detail ? `: ${liveResult.detail}` : ""}; using stale/static catalog degradation.`,
+      );
+    }
+    const staleCursor = getStaleCached(name);
+    return observed(
+      withConfiguredRetention(
+        staleCursor ? applyConfigHintsToCachedModels(name, prov, staleCursor) : configured,
+      ),
+      "degraded",
+    );
+  }
+  if (prov.authMode === "oauth" && !apiKey) {
+    // No usable token (logged out, or account marked needsReauth). Still surface the
+    // configured static catalog so the GUI Models tab / rail counts are not empty —
+    // matching Cursor's !apiKey → configured degradation and fetch-failure fallback.
+    return observed(configured, "degraded");
+  }
+  const cloudCodeAssist = effectiveGoogleMode(name, prov) === "cloud-code-assist";
+  const project = prov.project ?? auth.oauthProjectId;
+  if (cloudCodeAssist && !project) return observed(configured, "degraded");
+  const fresh = getFreshCached(name, ttlMs);
+  if (fresh) {
+    return observed(
+      withConfiguredRetention(
+        withVertexDefaultSeed(applyConfigHintsToCachedModels(name, prov, fresh, contextCap)),
+      ),
+      "authoritative",
+    ); // dedups Codex's frequent /v1/models polling within the TTL
+  }
+  if (isModelsFetchCoolingDown(name)) {
+    // A recently-failed provider (unreachable API, missing proxy, bad key) must not re-pay the
+    // fetch timeout on every catalog poll — the dashboard polls this path per page load.
+    const stale = getStaleCached(name);
+    return observed(
+      withConfiguredRetention(
+        stale
+          ? withVertexDefaultSeed(applyConfigHintsToCachedModels(name, prov, stale, contextCap))
+          : failedDiscoveryConfigured,
+      ),
+      "degraded",
+    );
+  }
+  const url = request.url;
+  const headers = materializeCapturedHeaders(request, apiKey);
+  const urlClass = new URL(url).hostname.endsWith("aiplatform.googleapis.com")
+    ? "vertex-aiplatform"
+    : "provider-models";
+  const failedDiscoveryFallback = (
+    failure: ProviderModelDiscoveryFailure,
+  ): { models: CatalogModel[]; fallback: "stale" | "configured"; shouldLog: boolean } => {
+    if (!isCurrentCacheGeneration()) {
+      return {
+        models: withConfiguredRetention(failedDiscoveryConfigured),
+        fallback: "configured",
+        shouldLog: false,
+      };
+    }
+    // Decide logging BEFORE recording the new status, so we can compare against the prior one and
+    // suppress an identical repeated failure (#395 log flood). The failure stays observable via the
+    // discovery-status API regardless.
+    const shouldLog = shouldLogDiscoveryFailure(name, failure);
+    markModelsFetchFailure(name);
+    markProviderDiscoveryFailed(name, failure);
+    const stale = getStaleCached(name);
+    return {
+      models: withConfiguredRetention(
+        stale
+          ? withVertexDefaultSeed(applyConfigHintsToCachedModels(name, prov, stale, contextCap))
+          : failedDiscoveryConfigured,
+      ),
+      fallback: stale ? "stale" : "configured",
+      shouldLog,
+    };
+  };
+  try {
+    const res = request.method === "POST"
+      ? await providerOutboundPost(name, prov, url, {
+        headers,
+        body: JSON.stringify({ project }),
+        signal: AbortSignal.timeout(8000),
+      })
+      : await providerOutboundGet(name, prov, url, {
+        headers,
+        signal: AbortSignal.timeout(8000),
+      });
+    const redirectError = await providerRedirectError(res, url);
+    if (redirectError) {
+      const { models, fallback, shouldLog } = failedDiscoveryFallback({ reason: "http", httpStatus: res.status });
+      if (shouldLog) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[opencodex] Provider model discovery for "${name}" ${redirectError} [urlClass=${urlClass}, fallback=${fallback}].`,
+        );
+      }
+      return observed(models, "degraded");
+    }
+    if (!res.ok) {
+      const { models, fallback, shouldLog } = failedDiscoveryFallback({ reason: "http", httpStatus: res.status });
+      if (shouldLog) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[opencodex] Provider model discovery for "${name}" failed with HTTP ${res.status} [urlClass=${urlClass}, fallback=${fallback}].`,
+        );
+      }
+      return observed(models, "degraded");
+    }
+
+    const contentType = (
+      res.headers.get("content-type")?.split(";", 1)[0]?.trim().toLowerCase() || "missing"
+    ).slice(0, 80);
+    const bounded = await readBoundedDiscoveryJson(res, discovery.maxResponseBytes);
+    if (!bounded.ok) {
+      const { models, fallback, shouldLog } = failedDiscoveryFallback({ reason: "invalid_response" });
+      const diagnostic = bounded.reason === "response_too_large"
+        ? `exceeded the ${discovery.maxResponseBytes}-byte response limit`
+        : contentType === "application/json" || contentType.endsWith("+json")
+          ? "returned invalid JSON in a 2xx response"
+          : "returned a non-JSON 2xx response";
+      if (shouldLog) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[opencodex] Provider model discovery for "${name}" ${diagnostic} [status=${res.status}, contentType=${contentType}, urlClass=${urlClass}, fallback=${fallback}].`,
+        );
+      }
+      return observed(models, "degraded");
+    }
+    const antigravity = cloudCodeAssist
+      ? parseAntigravityAvailableModels(bounded.value, discovery.maxModels)
+      : undefined;
+    if (cloudCodeAssist && !antigravity) {
+      const { models, fallback, shouldLog } = failedDiscoveryFallback({ reason: "invalid_response" });
+      if (shouldLog) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[opencodex] Provider model discovery for "${name}" returned malformed CCA model data [status=${res.status}, contentType=${contentType}, urlClass=${urlClass}, fallback=${fallback}].`,
+        );
+      }
+      return observed(models, "degraded");
+    }
+    if (antigravity) {
+      const live = antigravity.map(model => applyProviderConfigHints(name, prov, {
+        id: model.id,
+        provider: name,
+        // CCA only exposes a numeric thinking budget. Until the adapter owns an exact Codex
+        // effort-to-wire mapping for a newly discovered model, do not advertise a false ladder.
+        reasoningEfforts: [],
+        ...(model.contextWindow ? { contextWindow: model.contextWindow } : {}),
+        ...(model.inputModalities ? { inputModalities: model.inputModalities } : {}),
+      }, contextCap));
+      const forCache = withConfiguredRetention(live, { retainComboTargets: false });
+      if (!setCached(name, forCache, Date.now(), cacheGeneration)) {
+        return observed(withConfiguredRetention(configured), "degraded");
+      }
+      registerAntigravityDiscoveredWireModels(prov.baseUrl, antigravity, {
+        provider: name,
+        cacheGeneration,
+      });
+      markProviderDiscoveryOk(name, live.length);
+      return observed(withConfiguredRetention(forCache, { warnDrops: true }), "authoritative");
+    }
+    const extracted = extractProviderModelItems(bounded.value, discovery);
+    if (!extracted.ok) {
+      const { models, fallback, shouldLog } = failedDiscoveryFallback({ reason: "invalid_response" });
+      const diagnostic: Record<ModelDiscoveryResponseFailure, string> = {
+        response_too_large: "returned an oversized 2xx response",
+        invalid_json: "returned invalid JSON in a 2xx response",
+        invalid_shape: "returned malformed 2xx data",
+        too_many_models: `exceeded the ${discovery.maxModels}-row model limit`,
+      };
+      if (shouldLog) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[opencodex] Provider model discovery for "${name}" ${diagnostic[extracted.reason]} [status=${res.status}, contentType=${contentType}, urlClass=${urlClass}, fallback=${fallback}].`,
+        );
+      }
+      return observed(models, "degraded");
+    }
+    const items = extracted.items;
+    const live = items.map(m => {
+      const ownedBy = boundedOwnedBy(m.owned_by);
+      return applyProviderConfigHints(name, prov, {
+        id: m.id,
+        provider: name,
+        ...(ownedBy ? { owned_by: ownedBy } : {}),
+        ...catalogHintsFromModelsApiItem(name, m),
+      }, contextCap);
+    })
+      .filter(m => shouldExposeProviderModel(name, m.id));
+    // Capture the count BEFORE the alias/configured augmentation below pushes extra rows into
+    // `live`; otherwise configured entries would be reported as discovered ones.
+    const liveModelCount = live.length;
+    // Dated-release aliases + configured retention (compat allow-list, combo targets,
+    // Vertex default). Cache without combo retention so a later gather re-applies the
+    // current capture's retain set on read (warm-cache OCX-111 / #1308).
+    const forCache = withConfiguredRetention(live, { retainComboTargets: false });
+    const returned = withConfiguredRetention(forCache, { warnDrops: true });
+    const droppedConfiguredIds = configured
+      .map(model => model.id)
+      .filter(id => !returned.some(model => model.id === id));
+    if (returned.length === 0 && name !== OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[opencodex] Provider model discovery for "${name}" returned an authoritative empty catalog; ${droppedConfiguredIds.length > 0 ? `dropping configured model ids: ${droppedConfiguredIds.join(", ")}` : "no models will be exposed"}.`,
+      );
+    }
+    if (!setCached(name, forCache, Date.now(), cacheGeneration)) {
+      return observed(withConfiguredRetention(configured), "degraded");
+    }
+    markProviderDiscoveryOk(name, liveModelCount);
+    return observed(returned, "authoritative");
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof ProviderOutboundPolicyError) {
+      const { models, fallback, shouldLog } = failedDiscoveryFallback({ reason: "blocked" });
+      if (shouldLog) {
+        console.warn(
+          `[opencodex] Provider model discovery for "${name}" was blocked by destination policy: ${error.message} [urlClass=${urlClass}, fallback=${fallback}].`,
+        );
+      }
+      return observed(models, "degraded");
+    }
+    const { models, fallback, shouldLog } = failedDiscoveryFallback({ reason: "network" });
+    if (shouldLog) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[opencodex] Provider model discovery for "${name}" threw ${error instanceof Error ? error.name : "unknown"} [urlClass=${urlClass}, fallback=${fallback}].`,
+      );
+    }
+    return observed(models, "degraded");
+  }
+}
+
+export async function fetchProviderModels(
+  name: string,
+  prov: OcxProviderConfig,
+  ttlMs: number,
+  contextCap?: number,
+): Promise<CatalogModel[]> {
+  const captured = captureProviderGather(name, prov, refreshingModelsAuthResolver);
+  return (await fetchProviderModelsWithAuth(
+    captured,
+    ttlMs,
+    contextCap,
+    refreshingModelsAuthResolver,
+  )).models;
+}
+
+export function shouldExposeProviderModel(providerName: string, modelId: string): boolean {
+  if (providerName === "opencode-free") return modelId === "big-pickle" || modelId.endsWith("-free");
+  return true;
+}
+
+export function shouldRetainConfiguredProviderModel(providerName: string, modelId: string): boolean {
+  if (CALLABLE_CONFIGURED_COMPATIBILITY_MODELS[providerName]?.has(modelId)) return true;
+  if (providerName === "opencode-free") return modelId === "big-pickle" || modelId.endsWith("-free");
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fold dated-release aliases and retain configured rows that must survive an
+ * authoritative live roster (compatibility allow-list, combo targets, Vertex
+ * default). Used on every discovery return — live, fresh cache, stale, and
+ * failure fallback — so a warm cache captured before a combo existed still
+ * surfaces the configured target (OCX-111 / #1308).
+ *
+ * Cache writes should pass `retainComboTargets: false` so combo retention is
+ * re-applied on read against the current capture, not frozen into the TTL entry.
+ */
+export function mergeConfiguredModelsIntoLiveCatalog(opts: {
+  name: string;
+  provider: OcxProviderConfig;
+  models: readonly CatalogModel[];
+  configured: readonly CatalogModel[];
+  retainConfiguredModelIds?: ReadonlySet<string>;
+  contextCap?: number;
+  seedVertexDefault?: boolean;
+  retainComboTargets?: boolean;
+}): { models: CatalogModel[]; droppedConfiguredIds: string[] } {
+  const {
+    name,
+    provider: prov,
+    configured,
+    retainConfiguredModelIds,
+    contextCap,
+    seedVertexDefault,
+    retainComboTargets = true,
+  } = opts;
+  const out = [...opts.models];
+  const present = new Set(out.map(model => model.id));
+  const droppedConfiguredIds: string[] = [];
+  for (const candidate of configured) {
+    if (present.has(candidate.id)) continue;
+    const dated = out.find(live => isDatedVariantId(live.id, candidate.id));
+    if (dated) {
+      out.push(applyProviderConfigHints(name, prov, { ...dated, id: candidate.id }, contextCap));
+      present.add(candidate.id);
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (
+      seedVertexDefault === true
+      || shouldRetainConfiguredProviderModel(name, candidate.id)
+      || (retainComboTargets && retainConfiguredModelIds?.has(candidate.id) === true)
+    ) {
+      out.push(candidate);
+      present.add(candidate.id);
+      continue;
+    }
+    droppedConfiguredIds.push(candidate.id);
+  }
+  return { models: out, droppedConfiguredIds };
+}
+
+export function filterCatalogVisibleModels(
+  models: CatalogModel[],
+  config: Pick<OcxConfig, "disabledModels" | "providers">,
+): CatalogModel[] {
+  const disabled = new Set(config.disabledModels ?? []);
+  const allowByProvider = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
+  for (const [name, prov] of Object.entries(config.providers)) {
+    const sel = prov.selectedModels;
+    if (Array.isArray(sel) && sel.length > 0) allowByProvider.set(name, new Set(sel));
+  }
+  return models.filter(m => {
+    const nativeAlias = m.provider === COMBO_NAMESPACE && m.nativeAlias === true;
+    // disabledModels may be stored raw (canonical) or encoded (legacy UI writes).
+    for (const stored of disabled) {
+      // Combo management stores the public alias, while canonical `combo/<id>` references
+      // remain valid for backward compatibility through slugEquals below.
+      if (m.alias !== undefined && stored === catalogModelSlug(m) && !nativeAlias) return false;
+      if (slugEquals(stored, m.provider, m.id)) return false;
+    }
+    const allow = allowByProvider.get(m.provider);
+    return !allow || allow.has(m.id);
+  });
+}
+
+export async function gatherRoutedModels(
+  config: OcxConfig,
+  options?: GatherRoutedModelsOptions,
+): Promise<CatalogModel[]> {
+  return gatherRoutedModelsWithAuth(
+    config,
+    `refreshing:${gatherFlightKey(config)}`,
+    () => refreshingModelsAuthResolver,
+    options,
+  );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Catalog-gather model discovery using only auth-store bytes already captured by the
+ * filesystem-evidence owner. This entry point never reaches the refreshing resolver.
+ */
+export async function gatherRoutedModelsForCatalogGather(
+  config: OcxConfig,
+  evidence: CatalogGatherProviderAuthEvidence,
+  options?: GatherRoutedModelsOptions,
+): Promise<CatalogModel[]> {
+  const authStoreBuffer = evidence.authStoreBuffer === null
+    ? null
+    : Uint8Array.from(evidence.authStoreBuffer);
+  const authIdentity = authStoreBuffer === null
+    ? "absent"
+    : keyedGatherBytesIdentity("catalog-observed-auth-v1", authStoreBuffer);
+  return gatherRoutedModelsWithAuth(
+    config,
+    `observed:${authIdentity}:${gatherFlightKey(config)}`,
+    outcomes => observedModelsAuthResolver(authStoreBuffer, outcomes),
+    options,
+  );
+}
+
+async function gatherRoutedModelsWithAuth(
+  config: OcxConfig,
+  key: string,
+  createAuthResolver: ModelsAuthResolverFactory,
+  options?: GatherRoutedModelsOptions,
+): Promise<CatalogModel[]> {
+  const capture = captureGatherFlight(config, createAuthResolver);
+  const bucket = gatherInflight.get(key) ?? [];
+  let entry = bucket.find(candidate => (
+    candidate.discoveryPolicyIdentity === capture.discoveryPolicyIdentity
+    && candidate.authIdentity === capture.authIdentity
+    && candidate.providerGraphIdentity === capture.providerGraphIdentity
+  ));
+  if (!entry) {
+    const lease = gatherGate.tryAcquire();
+    if (!lease) throw new CatalogGatherBusyError();
+    // Claim the slot synchronously before any await so same-key callers join this flight.
+    // Distinct authorities retain separate entries even when their legacy bucket matches.
+    let ownedEntry!: GatherInflightEntry;
+    const flight = gatherRoutedModelsUncached(config, capture).finally(() => {
+      const current = gatherInflight.get(key);
+      const index = current?.indexOf(ownedEntry) ?? -1;
+      if (current && index >= 0) current.splice(index, 1);
+      if (current?.length === 0) gatherInflight.delete(key);
+      lease.release();
+    });
+    ownedEntry = Object.freeze({
+      discoveryPolicyIdentity: capture.discoveryPolicyIdentity,
+      authIdentity: capture.authIdentity,
+      providerGraphIdentity: capture.providerGraphIdentity,
+      promise: flight,
+    });
+    bucket.push(ownedEntry);
+    gatherInflight.set(key, bucket);
+    entry = ownedEntry;
+  }
+  const {
+    models,
+    comboOmissions,
+    providerAuthOutcomes,
+    providerModelOutcomes,
+    discoveryPolicySnapshots,
+  } = await entry.promise;
+  if (options?.comboOmissions) {
+    options.comboOmissions.length = 0;
+    options.comboOmissions.push(...comboOmissions);
+  }
+  if (options?.providerAuthOutcomes) {
+    options.providerAuthOutcomes.length = 0;
+    options.providerAuthOutcomes.push(...providerAuthOutcomes);
+  }
+  if (options?.providerModelOutcomes) {
+    options.providerModelOutcomes.length = 0;
+    options.providerModelOutcomes.push(...providerModelOutcomes);
+  }
+  if (options?.discoveryPolicySnapshots) {
+    options.discoveryPolicySnapshots.length = 0;
+    options.discoveryPolicySnapshots.push(...discoveryPolicySnapshots);
+  }
+  return models;
+}
+
+async function gatherRoutedModelsUncached(
+  config: OcxConfig,
+  capture: GatherFlightCapture,
+): Promise<GatherFlightResult> {
+  // Flight-local list: joiners copy from the resolved promise, not a process-global last write.
+  const localOmissions: ComboCatalogOmission[] = [];
+  const localProviderAuthOutcomes = capture.providerAuthOutcomes;
+  const resolveAuth = capture.authResolver;
+  const ttlMs = config.modelCacheTtlMs ?? DEFAULT_MODEL_CACHE_TTL_MS;
+  // Persisted provider entries can predate newer registry fields (noVisionModels,
+  // modelInputModalities, ...). The ROUTER merges registry seeds at request time
+  // (routedProviderConfig), so the proxy behaves correctly — the catalog listing must see the
+  // same merged view or its advertisements drift from actual proxy behavior (e.g. a
+  // vision-sidecar model advertised text-only, blocking image attachments app-side).
+  // Enrich a CLONE: hydrated defaults must never leak into the persisted config.
+  const activeProviders = capture.providers;
+  const providerResults = await Promise.all(
+    activeProviders.map(provider => fetchProviderModelsWithAuth(
+      provider,
+      ttlMs,
+      providerContextCap(config, provider.name),
+      resolveAuth,
+    )),
+  );
+  const lists = providerResults.map(result => result.models);
+  const apiAugmented = augmentRoutedModelsWithCapturedOpenAiApiRows(
+    lists.flat(),
+    config,
+    capture.openAiApiPolicy,
+  );
+  const all = augmentRoutedModelsWithMetadata(apiAugmented, activeProviders.map(provider => provider.name), config.providers, config)
+    // Drop image/video generation models (e.g. Grok image/video) by default. Cursor's static catalog
+    // intentionally mirrors Cursor's public model table, including Gemini image preview, so the
+    // exposure decision goes through shouldExposeRoutedModel (single choke point).
+    .filter(shouldExposeRoutedModel);
+  const memberByKey = new Map(all.map(model => [`${model.provider}/${model.id}`, model]));
+  // [Decision Log]
+  // - 목적과 의도: 콤보 타겟에 native OpenAI(Codex login) 모델이 포함될 때 카탈로그에서
+  //   누락되는 버그(issue #268)를 수정. "openai" provider는 forward-auth(Codex login
+  //   passthrough)이므로 fetchProviderModels가 항상 []를 반환하고, native slugs는
+  //   별도 정적 경로(nativeOpenAiSlugs)로만 노출됨. 따라서 memberByKey에
+  //   openai/<slug> 키가 존재하지 않아 콤보가 조용히 drop됨.
+  // - 기존 구현 및 제약 조건: memberByKey는 routed provider /models fetch 결과로만 구성.
+  // - 검토한 주요 대안: (A) native slugs를 all 배열에 직접 push — /v1/models와 온디스크
+  //   카탈로그에서 native 모델이 중복 노출되는 부작용 발생. (B) memberByKey에만 synthetic
+  //   CatalogModel을 주입 — 콤보 멤버 해석에만 사용하고 all에는 추가하지 않으므로 기존
+  //   노출 경로에 영향 없음.
+  // - 선택한 방식: (B) — synthetic entries를 memberByKey에만 주입.
+  // - 다른 대안 대신 이 방식을 선택한 이유: 기존 native 모델 노출 경로(/v1/models, 온디스크
+  //   카탈로그 sync, management API)를 전혀 변경하지 않고 콤보 resolution만 수선하기 때문.
+  // - 장점, 단점 및 영향: 장점 — 최소 수정, 기존 경로 무변경. 단점 — synthetic entries의
+  //   capability 데이터가 static/upstream snapshot 기반이므로, 사용자가 커스텀 config
+  //   힌트(modelContextWindows 등)로 native 모델의 context window를 오버라이드한 경우
+  //   반영되지 않음. 하지만 nativeOpenAiContextWindow가 이미 config 오버라이드를
+  //   우선시하므로 실제 충돌 가능성은 낮음.
+  if (!hasComboTargets(config)) {
+    // Skip the native slug injection entirely when no combos are configured — avoids
+    // calling nativeOpenAiSlugs() (which reads the live Codex catalog from disk) for
+    // configs that will never need it.
+  } else {
+    const disabled = disabledNativeSlugs(config);
+    const openaiContextCap = nativeContextLimits(config);
+    const requiredNativeComboTargets = new Set(listComboIds(config).flatMap(id => {
+      const combo = getCombo(config, id);
+      return combo?.targets.flatMap(target => (
+        target.provider === "openai" ? [target.model] : []
+      )) ?? [];
+    }));
+    for (const slug of nativeOpenAiSlugs()) {
+      // A bare native disable key hides the native row, not a combo that targets it.
+      // Keep synthetic native metadata available to those combos.
+      if (disabled.has(slug) && !requiredNativeComboTargets.has(slug)) continue;
+      const contextWindow = nativeOpenAiContextWindow(slug, openaiContextCap);
+      if (contextWindow === undefined) continue;
+      const synthetic: CatalogModel = {
+        provider: "openai",
+        id: slug,
+        owned_by: "openai",
+        contextWindow,
+        // Input limit, not the total window. These coincide for native GPT-5.6 today (the
+        // advertised 922,000 window is already capped at its measured ceiling), but the two
+        // stay separate fields because routed/API rows of the same family run a wider window.
+        // Falls back to the window for slugs with no separate ceiling.
+        maxInputTokens: Math.min(nativeOpenAiMaxInputTokens(slug, openaiContextCap) ?? contextWindow, contextWindow),
+        inputModalities: nativeInputModalities(slug),
+        reasoningEfforts: nativeReasoningEfforts(slug),
+        ...(nativeParallelToolCalls(slug) ? { parallelToolCalls: true } : {}),
+      };
+      const key = `openai/${slug}`;
+      // Only inject when not already present from a routed provider (an API-key
+      // "openai" provider could shadow the native one).
+      if (!memberByKey.has(key)) memberByKey.set(key, synthetic);
+    }
+  }
+  // Enriched (registry-hydrated) provider clones — shared by combo member synthesis and
+  // custom-model vision-sidecar inheritance so both see the same merged registry view.
+  const enrichedByName = new Map(activeProviders.map(provider => [provider.name, provider.provider]));
+  for (const id of listComboIds(config)) {
+    const combo = getCombo(config, id);
+    if (!combo) continue;
+    const nativeContextWindow = combo.nativeAlias && combo.alias
+      ? nativeOpenAiContextWindow(combo.alias, nativeContextLimits(config))
+      : undefined;
+    const nativeAliasMaxInput = combo.nativeAlias && combo.alias
+      ? (combo.alias.startsWith("gpt-5.6-") || combo.alias.includes("daybreak")
+        ? NATIVE_GPT56_MAX_INPUT_TOKENS
+        : nativeOpenAiMaxInputTokens(combo.alias) ?? nativeOpenAiContextWindow(combo.alias))
+      : undefined;
+    const nativeAliasFallback = combo.nativeAlias && combo.alias && nativeContextWindow !== undefined
+      ? {
+        contextWindow: nativeContextWindow,
+        ...(nativeAliasMaxInput !== undefined ? { maxInputTokens: nativeAliasMaxInput } : {}),
+        inputModalities: nativeInputModalities(combo.alias),
+        reasoningEfforts: nativeReasoningEfforts(combo.alias),
+      }
+      : undefined;
+    const members = combo.targets
+      .map(target => resolveComboCatalogMember(
+        target,
+        memberByKey,
+        enrichedByName,
+        providerContextCap(config, target.provider),
+        nativeAliasFallback,
+      ))
+      .filter((member): member is CatalogModel => member !== undefined);
+    const derived = deriveComboCatalogModel(id, combo, members);
+    if (derived) {
+      const nativeDefault = combo.nativeAlias && combo.alias
+        ? nativeDefaultReasoningEffort(combo.alias)
+        : undefined;
+      if (combo.defaultEffort === null
+        && nativeDefault
+        && derived.reasoningEfforts?.includes(nativeDefault)) {
+        derived.defaultReasoningEffort = nativeDefault;
+      }
+      all.push(derived);
+    }
+    else warnUncataloguedComboOnce(id, combo, members, localOmissions);
+  }
+  replaceLastComboCatalogOmissions(localOmissions);
+  all.sort((a, b) => (a.provider === b.provider ? a.id.localeCompare(b.id) : a.provider.localeCompare(b.provider)));
+  // Provider-derived rows keyed by their Codex-facing slug: a custom override replaces the row
+  // with the same slug below, so that row's provider capability metadata is the inheritance source.
+  const replacedByRoutedSlug = new Map(all.map(model => [routedSlug(model.provider, model.id), model]));
+  const customModels = (config.customModels ?? []).map(cm => {
+    const rawProvider = config.providers[cm.provider];
+    const effectiveProvider = enrichedByName.get(cm.provider) ?? rawProvider;
+    // Registry routing backfills an omitted authMode on the built-in OpenAI provider to
+    // forward. Keep the catalog projection on the same contract while still failing closed
+    // for every explicit non-forward mode and every non-canonical endpoint.
+    const providerForCanonicalCheck = rawProvider
+      ? withCanonicalOpenAiForwardAuthDefault(cm.provider, rawProvider)
+      : undefined;
+    const codexForwardNativeCapabilityAlias = cm.provider === OPENAI_CODEX_PROVIDER_ID
+      && providerForCanonicalCheck !== undefined
+      && isCanonicalOpenAiForwardProvider(providerForCanonicalCheck)
+      && isNativeOpenAiCapabilityAliasModel(cm.modelId);
+    const customNativeLimits = {
+      ...nativeContextLimits(config),
+      ...(typeof cm.contextWindow === "number" && cm.contextWindow > 0
+        ? { modelWindows: { ...(nativeContextLimits(config).modelWindows ?? {}), [cm.modelId]: cm.contextWindow } }
+        : {}),
+    };
+    const nativeAliasContextWindow = codexForwardNativeCapabilityAlias
+      ? nativeOpenAiContextWindow(cm.modelId, customNativeLimits)
+      : undefined;
+    const customContextWindow = cm.contextWindow
+      ? nativeAliasContextWindow !== undefined
+        ? nativeAliasContextWindow
+        : cm.contextWindow
+      : nativeAliasContextWindow;
+    const nativeAliasMaxInputTokens = codexForwardNativeCapabilityAlias
+      ? nativeOpenAiMaxInputTokens(cm.modelId, customNativeLimits)
+      : undefined;
+    const customMaxInputTokens = nativeAliasMaxInputTokens !== undefined && customContextWindow !== undefined
+      ? Math.min(nativeAliasMaxInputTokens, customContextWindow)
+      : nativeAliasMaxInputTokens;
+    const nativeAliasDefaultEffort = codexForwardNativeCapabilityAlias
+      ? nativeDefaultReasoningEffort(cm.modelId)
+      : undefined;
+    const supportsReasoningSummaries = configuredReasoningSummarySupport(rawProvider, cm.modelId);
+    const fastPolicy = effectiveProvider
+      ? fastPolicyForModel(effectiveProvider, cm.modelId, cm.provider)
+      : undefined;
+    const supportsServiceTier = fastPolicy
+      ? serviceTierSupportFromPolicy(fastPolicy)
+      : undefined;
+    const base: CatalogModel = {
+      id: cm.modelId,
+      provider: cm.provider,
+      catalogKind: CODEX_CUSTOM_MODEL_CATALOG_KIND,
+      // Display-only label: never feeds routing (customModels are keyed by routedSlug below).
+      ...(cm.displayName
+        ? { displayName: cm.displayName }
+        : codexForwardNativeCapabilityAlias ? { displayName: "Daybreak Blue" } : {}),
+      ...(customContextWindow !== undefined ? { contextWindow: customContextWindow } : {}),
+      ...(customMaxInputTokens !== undefined ? { maxInputTokens: customMaxInputTokens } : {}),
+      ...(cm.inputModalities
+        ? { inputModalities: cm.inputModalities }
+        : codexForwardNativeCapabilityAlias ? { inputModalities: nativeInputModalities(cm.modelId) } : {}),
+      ...(typeof supportsReasoningSummaries === "boolean" ? { supportsReasoningSummaries } : {}),
+      // Native-alias defaults apply only where the custom row declares nothing: the explicit
+      // spreads below must win (later in object order), so a stored `[]` stays empty and a
+      // declared ladder is never replaced by the alias's native ladder.
+      ...(codexForwardNativeCapabilityAlias
+        ? {
+          codexForwardNativeCapabilityAlias: true,
+          parallelToolCalls: nativeParallelToolCalls(cm.modelId),
+          ...(Array.isArray(cm.reasoningEfforts)
+            ? {}
+            : {
+              reasoningEfforts: nativeReasoningEfforts(cm.modelId),
+              ...(nativeAliasDefaultEffort ? { defaultReasoningEffort: nativeAliasDefaultEffort } : {}),
+            }),
+        }
+        : {}),
+      // Explicit custom-row ladder wins over the inherited provider row below: the merge only
+      // gap-fills, so a stored `[]` (explicit "no reasoning") or a declared ladder is kept
+      // verbatim instead of being replaced by the replaced row's metadata.
+      ...(Array.isArray(cm.reasoningEfforts) ? { reasoningEfforts: [...cm.reasoningEfforts] } : {}),
+      ...(cm.defaultReasoningEffort ? { defaultReasoningEffort: cm.defaultReasoningEffort } : {}),
+      ...(typeof supportsServiceTier === "boolean" ? { supportsServiceTier } : {}),
+      ...(supportsServiceTier === true && fastPolicy?.fastTierDescription !== undefined
+        ? { fastTierDescription: fastPolicy.fastTierDescription }
+        : {}),
+      ...(cm.codexToolMode !== undefined
+        ? { codexToolMode: cm.codexToolMode }
+        : effectiveProvider?.codexToolMode !== undefined
+          ? { codexToolMode: effectiveProvider.codexToolMode }
+          : {}),
+    };
+    // #962: the dedupe below drops the provider-derived row this custom row replaces. Inherit that
+    // row's provider capability metadata (reasoning ladder, default effort, parallel tool calls,
+    // context, ...) so the generated catalog keeps advertising what the router actually provides.
+    // Explicit custom fields win by construction; this only fills gaps. Without it a
+    // noReasoningModels model loses its empty ladder and the catalog synthesizes the generic one,
+    // which Codex then rejects for spawn_agent with effort "none".
+    const replaced = replacedByRoutedSlug.get(routedSlug(cm.provider, cm.modelId));
+    // The final ladder is what the catalog will advertise; the inherited default only rides
+    // along when it is actually a member — otherwise a provider default like "xhigh" would
+    // re-apply onto a narrower custom ladder and override the fallback in applyReasoningLevels.
+    const effectiveLadder = base.reasoningEfforts ?? replaced?.reasoningEfforts;
+    const merged: CatalogModel = replaced ? {
+      ...base,
+      ...(base.contextWindow === undefined && replaced.contextWindow !== undefined ? { contextWindow: replaced.contextWindow } : {}),
+      ...(base.maxInputTokens === undefined && replaced.maxInputTokens !== undefined ? { maxInputTokens: replaced.maxInputTokens } : {}),
+      ...(base.inputModalities === undefined && replaced.inputModalities !== undefined ? { inputModalities: replaced.inputModalities } : {}),
+      ...(base.reasoningEfforts === undefined && replaced.reasoningEfforts !== undefined ? { reasoningEfforts: replaced.reasoningEfforts } : {}),
+      ...(base.defaultReasoningEffort === undefined && replaced.defaultReasoningEffort !== undefined
+        && Array.isArray(effectiveLadder) && effectiveLadder.includes(replaced.defaultReasoningEffort)
+        ? { defaultReasoningEffort: replaced.defaultReasoningEffort } : {}),
+      ...(base.parallelToolCalls === undefined && replaced.parallelToolCalls !== undefined ? { parallelToolCalls: replaced.parallelToolCalls } : {}),
+      ...(base.supportsVerbosity === undefined && replaced.supportsVerbosity !== undefined ? { supportsVerbosity: replaced.supportsVerbosity } : {}),
+      ...(base.supportsReasoningSummaries === undefined && replaced.supportsReasoningSummaries !== undefined ? { supportsReasoningSummaries: replaced.supportsReasoningSummaries } : {}),
+      ...(base.codexToolMode === undefined && replaced.codexToolMode !== undefined ? { codexToolMode: replaced.codexToolMode } : {}),
+      ...(base.capabilities === undefined && replaced.capabilities !== undefined ? { capabilities: replaced.capabilities } : {}),
+    } : base;
+    // Vision-sidecar coverage ONLY: if the custom model is in the enriched provider's
+    // noVisionModels, advertise image input so the Codex app lets images reach the sidecar
+    // (#349/#344). Deliberately NOT the full applyProviderConfigHints pass — custom rows are a
+    // user override, so their explicit contextWindow / inputModalities / reasoning fields must be
+    // preserved verbatim (the hint pass would cap context and overwrite modalities from registry).
+    const enrichedProvider = enrichedByName.get(cm.provider) ?? rawProvider;
+    if (enrichedProvider && modelInList(enrichedProvider.noVisionModels, merged.id)) {
+      const current = merged.inputModalities ?? ["text"];
+      if (!current.includes("image")) {
+        return { ...merged, inputModalities: [...current, "image"] };
+      }
+    }
+    return merged;
+  });
+  // Custom rows override discovered rows that encode to the same Codex-facing slug.
+  const customKeys = new Set(customModels.map(c => routedSlug(c.provider, c.id)));
+  const deduped = all.filter(m => !customKeys.has(routedSlug(m.provider, m.id)));
+  const providerModelOutcomes = providerResults.map(result => (
+    result.outcome.provider === OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID
+      && capture.openAiApiPolicy.state === "captured"
+      && capture.openAiApiPolicy.models !== undefined
+      ? { provider: result.outcome.provider, state: "authoritative" as const }
+      : result.outcome
+  ));
+  return {
+    models: [...deduped, ...customModels],
+    comboOmissions: localOmissions,
+    providerAuthOutcomes: localProviderAuthOutcomes,
+    providerModelOutcomes,
+    discoveryPolicySnapshots: capture.discoveryPolicySnapshots,
+  };
+}
+
+export function augmentRoutedModelsWithRegistryOpenAiApiRows(
+  models: CatalogModel[],
+  config: OcxConfig,
+): CatalogModel[] {
+  const configured = config.providers[OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID];
+  if (!configured || configured.disabled === true || !providerMatchesRegistryTransport(OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID, configured)) return models;
+  return augmentRoutedModelsWithCapturedOpenAiApiRows(
+    models,
+    config,
+    captureTrustedOpenAiApiPolicy(OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID, true),
+  );
+}
+
+function augmentRoutedModelsWithCapturedOpenAiApiRows(
+  models: CatalogModel[],
+  config: OcxConfig,
+  policy: CatalogTrustedOpenAiApiPolicySnapshot,
+): CatalogModel[] {
+  if (policy.state !== "captured" || !policy.models) return models;
+  const configured = config.providers[OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID];
+  if (!configured || configured.disabled === true) return models;
+
+  const existingById = new Map(
+    models.filter(model => model.provider === OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID).map(model => [model.id, model]),
+  );
+  const trustedRows = policy.models.map((id): CatalogModel => {
+    const officialContext = policy.modelContextWindows?.[id];
+    const officialMaxInput = policy.modelMaxInputTokens?.[id];
+    const userContext = configured.modelContextWindows?.[id] ?? configured.contextWindow;
+    const userMaxInput = configured.modelMaxInputTokens?.[id];
+    const providerCap = providerContextCap(config, OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID);
+    const contextWindow = typeof officialContext === "number"
+      ? Math.min(officialContext, userContext ?? officialContext, providerCap ?? officialContext)
+      : undefined;
+    const maxInputTokens = typeof officialMaxInput === "number"
+      ? Math.min(officialMaxInput, userMaxInput ?? officialMaxInput)
+      : undefined;
+    return {
+      provider: OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID,
+      id,
+      owned_by: OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID,
+      ...(contextWindow ? { contextWindow } : {}),
+      ...(maxInputTokens ? { maxInputTokens } : {}),
+      ...(policy.modelInputModalities?.[id] ? { inputModalities: [...policy.modelInputModalities[id]!] } : {}),
+      ...(policy.modelReasoningEfforts?.[id] ? { reasoningEfforts: [...policy.modelReasoningEfforts[id]!] } : {}),
+    };
+  });
+
+  for (const trusted of trustedRows) {
+    const live = existingById.get(trusted.id);
+    if (!live) continue;
+    const liveSignature = normalizedOpenAiApiSignature(live);
+    const trustedSignature = normalizedOpenAiApiSignature(trusted);
+    if (liveSignature === trustedSignature) continue;
+    const warningKey = `${trusted.provider}/${trusted.id}\n${liveSignature}\n${trustedSignature}`;
+    if (openAiApiCollisionWarnings.has(warningKey)) continue;
+    openAiApiCollisionWarnings.add(warningKey);
+    console.warn(`[opencodex] replacing conflicting live OpenAI API metadata for ${trusted.provider}/${trusted.id} with trusted registry metadata`);
+  }
+
+  return [
+    ...models.filter(model => model.provider !== OPENAI_API_PROVIDER_ID),
+    ...trustedRows,
+  ];
+}
+
+export function augmentRoutedModelsWithMetadata(
+  models: CatalogModel[],
+  providerNames: string[],
+  providers?: Record<string, OcxProviderConfig>,
+  caps?: Pick<OcxConfig, "providerContextCaps">,
+): CatalogModel[] {
+  const out = [...models];
+  const seen = new Set(out.map(m => `${m.provider}/${m.id}`));
+  for (const provider of providerNames) {
+    if (!JAWCODE_CATALOG_AUGMENT_PROVIDERS.has(provider)) continue;
+    if (providers?.[provider]?.liveModels === false) continue;
+    const jawcodeProvider = resolveMetadataProvider(provider);
+    if (!jawcodeProvider) continue;
+    for (const meta of listModelMetadata(jawcodeProvider)) {
+      const key = `${provider}/${meta.id}`;
+      if (seen.has(key)) continue;
+      seen.add(key);
+      const contextCap = caps ? providerContextCap(caps, provider) : undefined;
+      const model: CatalogModel = {
+        provider,
+        id: meta.id,
+        owned_by: provider,
+        ...(typeof meta.contextWindow === "number" && meta.contextWindow > 0 ? { contextWindow: meta.contextWindow } : {}),
+        ...(Array.isArray(meta.input) && meta.input.length > 0 ? { inputModalities: [...meta.input] } : {}),
+      };
+      out.push({
+        ...model,
+        ...(providers?.[provider] ? applyProviderConfigHints(provider, providers[provider], model, contextCap) : {}),
+      });
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}