@woosh/meep-engine 3.67.0 → 3.68.0

package/src/shade/renderer/volumetrics/graph_build_volumetrics.js

@@ -1,739 +1,743 @@
-import { assert } from "../../../core/assert.js";
-import { SamplerDescriptor } from "../../descriptor/texture/SamplerDescriptor.js";
-import { BufferResourceDescriptor } from "../../device/graph/BufferResourceDescriptor.js";
-import { TextureResourceDescriptor } from "../../device/graph/TextureResourceDescriptor.js";
-import { ShaderSwitchSet } from "../shader/compiler/ShaderSwitchSet.js";
-import { graph_compute_pass } from "../shader/graph/compute/graph_compute_pass.js";
-import { graph_import_buffer } from "../shader/graph/graph_import_buffer.js";
-import { graph_import_texture } from "../shader/graph/graph_import_texture.js";
-import { SHADOWMAP_COMPARE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR } from "../shadow/map/SHADOWMAP_COMPARE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR.js";
-import { STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS } from "../STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS.js";
-import { DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR } from "../texture/DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR.js";
-import { SAMPLER_LINEAR_UPSCALE } from "../texture/SAMPLER_LINEAR_UPSCALE.js";
-import { WIND_FIELD_UNIFORM } from "../wind/WIND_FIELD_UNIFORM.js";
-import { VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION } from "./chunk_volumetrics_media_group_list.js";
-import { VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_BRICK_Z } from "./chunk_volumetrics_sun_shadow_group_list.js";
-import { volumetrics_sun_shadow_texture_name } from "./chunk_volumetrics_sun_optical_depth.js";
-import { PARTICIPATING_MEDIA_NOISE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR } from "./noise/PARTICIPATING_MEDIA_NOISE.js";
-import { shader_volumetrics_bin_participating_media } from "./shader_volumetrics_bin_participating_media.js";
-import { shader_volumetrics_bin_sun_shadow_media } from "./shader_volumetrics_bin_sun_shadow_media.js";
-import { shader_volumetrics_build_lighting } from "./shader_volumetrics_build_lighting.js";
-import { shader_volumetrics_build_participating_media } from "./shader_volumetrics_build_participating_media.js";
-import { shader_volumetrics_build_scattering_lut } from "./shader_volumetrics_build_scattering_lut.js";
-import {
-    shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume_outermost,
-    shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume_seeded
-} from "./shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume.js";
-import {
-    shader_volumetrics_cull_sun_shadow_media,
-    VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CULL_LANES
-} from "./shader_volumetrics_cull_sun_shadow_media.js";
-import {
-    shader_volumetrics_split_participating_media,
-    VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_SPLIT_LANES
-} from "./shader_volumetrics_split_participating_media.js";
-import { shader_volumetrics_taa } from "./taa/shader_volumetrics_taa.js";
-import {
-    VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CASCADE_COUNT,
-    VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION,
-    volumetrics_sun_shadow_sub_steps
-} from "./VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_RESOLUTION.js";
-
-/**
- *
- * @param {Object} options
- * @param {FrameGraph} options.graph
- * @param {GPUCameraContext} options.camera
- * @param {GPUSceneContext} options.scene
- * @param {GPUViewContext} options.view
- * @param {number} options.volumetrics_metadata
- * @param {number[]} options.resolution output resolution
- * @param {ShaderSwitchSet} options.shader_switches the renderer's; the build adds the wind field's shape
- */
-function graph_integrate_participating_media({
-                                                 graph,
-                                                 camera,
-                                                 scene,
-                                                 view,
-                                                 volumetrics_metadata,
-                                                 resolution,
-                                                 shader_switches,
-                                             }) {
-
-    const data = {};
-
-    // the media build's workgroups, each of which the bin gives a list of the volumes it may see
-    const groups = [
-        Math.ceil(resolution[0] / VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION[0]),
-        Math.ceil(resolution[1] / VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION[1]),
-        resolution[2],
-    ];
-
-    // A bit a volume. Sized from the scene's volumes, which the table's rows never outnumber; the
-    // shaders take the volume count off the table and the words a list gets off this buffer.
-    const volume_count = scene.volumetrics.source.volumes.length;
-    const list_words = Math.ceil(volume_count / 32);
-    const group_lists_bytes = 4 * Math.max(4, groups[0] * groups[1] * groups[2] * list_words);
-
-    // the near and the far field: a count, then a row for every volume either may hold
-    const field_bytes = 4 * Math.max(4, 1 + volume_count);
-
-    const pass = graph.add(
-        "aerial lut",
-        data,
-        /**
-         *
-         * @param {} data
-         * @param {FramePassResources} resources
-         * @param {GraphicsExecutionContext} context
-         */
-        (data, resources, context) => {
-
-            /**
-             * @type {GPUTextureContext}
-             */
-            const output0 = resources.get(data.output0);
-            /**
-             * @type {GPUTextureContext}
-             */
-            const output1 = resources.get(data.output1);
-
-            const group_lists = resources.get(data.group_lists);
-            const near_field = resources.get(data.near_field);
-            const far_field = resources.get(data.far_field);
-
-            const encoder = context.encoder;
-
-            const volumetrics_metadata = resources.get(data.volumetrics_metadata);
-
-            shader_volumetrics_split_participating_media.dispatch({
-                encoder,
-                bindings: {
-                    camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
-                    volumetrics_metadata,
-                    scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
-                    near_field,
-                    far_field,
-                },
-                group_count_x: Math.max(1, Math.ceil(volume_count / VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_SPLIT_LANES)),
-            });
-
-            shader_volumetrics_bin_participating_media.dispatch({
-                encoder,
-                bindings: {
-                    camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
-                    volumetrics_metadata,
-                    scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
-                    near_field,
-                    group_lists,
-                },
-                group_count_x: groups[0],
-                group_count_y: groups[1],
-                group_count_z: groups[2],
-            });
-
-            /**
-             * The scene's noise atlas, imported this frame so a grow between frames is seen.
-             * @type {GPUTextureContext}
-             */
-            const noise_atlas = resources.get(data.noise_atlas);
-
-            // the per-froxel point the noise is read at moves by this volume every frame
-            const tSTBN_vec3 = context.graphics.textures.obtain(STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS.stbn_vec3);
-
-            const bindings = {
-                camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
-                view: view.uniform_buffer.buffer,
-                volumetrics_metadata,
-                scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
-                tSTBN_vec3: tSTBN_vec3.obtainView(),
-                tParticipatingMediaNoise: noise_atlas.obtainView(),
-                sParticipatingMediaNoise: context.graphics.samplers.obtain(PARTICIPATING_MEDIA_NOISE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR),
-                tOutput0: output0.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
-                tOutput1: output1.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
-                group_lists,
-            };
-
-            // taken this frame rather than held: a producer that grows the field replaces its atlas
-            scene.wind.bind(bindings);
-
-            // and read in the shape it has this frame: with no cascades the wind is the far field
-            // everywhere, and that variant links neither the cascades' read nor the noise's flow map
-            const switches = shader_switches.with(WIND_FIELD_UNIFORM, scene.wind.cascade_count === 0);
-
-            shader_volumetrics_build_participating_media.variant(switches).dispatchThreads({
-                encoder,
-                thread_count_x: output0.width,
-                thread_count_y: output0.height,
-                thread_count_z: output0.depth,
-                bindings,
-            });
-
-
-        });
-
-    data.volumetrics_metadata = pass.read(volumetrics_metadata);
-    // the split appends to lists counted from zero
-    data.near_field = pass.create("participating media near field", BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
-        field_bytes,
-        GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
-        0, 4,
-    ));
-    data.far_field = pass.create("participating media far field", BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
-        field_bytes,
-        GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
-        0, 4,
-    ));
-    // the bin ORs bits into zeroed lists
-    data.group_lists = pass.create("participating media group lists", BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
-        group_lists_bytes,
-        GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
-        0, group_lists_bytes,
-    ));
-    data.noise_atlas = pass.read(graph_import_texture(graph, scene.volumetrics.noise_atlas.texture, "volumetrics noise atlas"));
-
-    data.output0 = pass.create("Participating Media 0", TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
-        resolution,
-        dimension: "3d",
-        format: "rgba16float",
-        usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-    }));
-    data.output1 = pass.create("Participating Media 1", TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
-        resolution,
-        dimension: "3d",
-        format: "rgba16float",
-        usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-    }));
-
-    return {
-        participating_media0: data.output0,
-        participating_media1: data.output1,
-        volumetrics_metadata: data.volumetrics_metadata,
-        far_field: data.far_field,
-    };
-}
-
-/**
- * Q-04 / Q-05. The sun's optical depth, integrated once per frame into cascaded light-aligned
- * volumes directly from the scene's world-space participating-media volumes so the lighting pass
- * can read it in a single fetch without clipping shadow rays to the camera frustum.
- *
- * The cascades are ordered among themselves because each inner cascade is seeded from the value the
- * cascade outside it already computed at its entry face: the outermost is built first (including
- * its upwind half-space `w <= 0`) and the handle it returns is what makes the next pass wait for it.
- *
- * A texture per cascade rather than one texture with the cascades stacked along w. Stacking would
- * put a pass's own output and its input in the same texture, which WebGPU rejects — a subresource
- * cannot be bound as writable storage and as a sampled texture at once — and there is no
- * subresource finer than the whole 3D texture to split it on.
- *
- * Always present, even with the mode off — the volumes are then dispatched at 1x1x1 (see
- * `GPUViewVolumetrics`), which keeps the graph's topology identical on both sides of the A/B.
- *
- * @param {Object} options
- * @param {FrameGraph} options.graph
- * @param {GPUSceneContext} options.scene
- * @param {number} options.volumetrics_metadata
- * @param {number[]} options.resolution voxel counts of one cascade
- * @param {ShaderSwitchSet} options.shader_switches the renderer's; the build adds the wind field's shape
- * @returns {number[]} handles of the cascades, innermost first
- */
-function graph_build_sun_shadow_volume({
-                                           graph,
-                                           scene,
-                                           volumetrics_metadata,
-                                           resolution,
-                                           shader_switches,
-                                       }) {
-
-    const group_count = [
-        // one invocation per COLUMN along the sun axis, so only x and y are dispatched
-        Math.ceil(resolution[0] / VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION[0]),
-        Math.ceil(resolution[1] / VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION[1]),
-        1,
-    ];
-
-    const interior_bricks_z = Math.ceil(resolution[2] / VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_BRICK_Z);
-    const groups = [
-        group_count[0],
-        group_count[1],
-        interior_bricks_z + 1,
-    ];
-
-    const volume_count = scene.volumetrics.source.volumes.length;
-    const list_words = Math.ceil(volume_count / 32);
-    const group_lists_bytes = 4 * Math.max(4, groups[0] * groups[1] * groups[2] * list_words);
-    const field_bytes = 4 * Math.max(4, 1 + volume_count);
-
-    const noise_atlas = graph_import_texture(graph, scene.volumetrics.noise_atlas.texture, "volumetrics sun shadow noise atlas");
-
-    const cascades = [];
-
-    for (let cascade = VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CASCADE_COUNT - 1; cascade >= 0; cascade--) {
-
-        // Every cascade but the outermost starts its scan from the one outside it — which the
-        // descending loop has already added, and which is the one difference the two build shaders
-        // exist for.
-        const seeded = cascade < VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CASCADE_COUNT - 1;
-        const base_shader = seeded
-            ? shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume_seeded
-            : shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume_outermost;
-
-        const data = {};
-
-        const pass = graph.add(
-            base_shader.descriptor.label,
-            data,
-            /**
-             * @param {} data
-             * @param {FramePassResources} resources
-             * @param {GraphicsExecutionContext} context
-             */
-            (data, resources, context) => {
-                /**
-                 * @type {GPUTextureContext}
-                 */
-                const output = resources.get(data.output);
-                const volumetrics_metadata = resources.get(data.volumetrics_metadata);
-                const cascade_field = resources.get(data.cascade_field);
-                const group_lists = resources.get(data.group_lists);
-                /**
-                 * @type {GPUTextureContext}
-                 */
-                const noise_atlas = resources.get(data.noise_atlas);
-
-                const encoder = context.encoder;
-
-                const bin_settings = {
-                    resolution,
-                    cascade,
-                };
-
-                shader_volumetrics_cull_sun_shadow_media.dispatch({
-                    encoder,
-                    bindings: {
-                        settings: bin_settings,
-                        volumetrics_metadata,
-                        scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
-                        cascade_field,
-                    },
-                    group_count_x: Math.max(1, Math.ceil(volume_count / VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CULL_LANES)),
-                });
-
-                shader_volumetrics_bin_sun_shadow_media.dispatch({
-                    encoder,
-                    bindings: {
-                        settings: bin_settings,
-                        volumetrics_metadata,
-                        scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
-                        cascade_field,
-                        group_lists,
-                    },
-                    group_count_x: groups[0],
-                    group_count_y: groups[1],
-                    group_count_z: seeded ? interior_bricks_z : groups[2],
-                });
-
-                const bindings = {
-                    settings: {
-                        cascade,
-                        sub_steps: volumetrics_sun_shadow_sub_steps(cascade),
-                    },
-                    volumetrics_metadata,
-                    scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
-                    group_lists,
-                    tParticipatingMediaNoise: noise_atlas.obtainView(),
-                    sParticipatingMediaNoise: context.graphics.samplers.obtain(PARTICIPATING_MEDIA_NOISE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR),
-                    tSunShadowVolume: output.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
-                };
-
-                if (seeded) {
-                    const outer = resources.get(data.outer);
-                    bindings.sLinear = context.graphics.samplers.obtain(SAMPLER_LINEAR_UPSCALE);
-                    bindings.tSunShadowOuter = outer.obtainView();
-                }
-
-                scene.wind.bind(bindings);
-
-                const switches = shader_switches.with(WIND_FIELD_UNIFORM, scene.wind.cascade_count === 0);
-
-                base_shader.variant(switches).dispatch({
-                    encoder,
-                    bindings,
-                    group_count_x: group_count[0],
-                    group_count_y: group_count[1],
-                    group_count_z: group_count[2],
-                });
-            }
-        );
-
-        data.volumetrics_metadata = pass.read(volumetrics_metadata);
-        data.noise_atlas = pass.read(noise_atlas);
-
-        if (seeded) {
-            data.outer = pass.read(cascades[cascade + 1]);
-        }
-
-        data.cascade_field = pass.create(`sun shadow cascade ${cascade} field`, BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
-            field_bytes,
-            GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
-            0, 4,
-        ));
-        data.group_lists = pass.create(`sun shadow cascade ${cascade} group lists`, BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
-            group_lists_bytes,
-            GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
-            0, group_lists_bytes,
-        ));
-        data.output = pass.create(`Sun Shadow Cascade ${cascade}`, TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
-            resolution,
-            dimension: "3d",
-            format: "rgba16float",
-            usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING
-        }));
-
-        cascades[cascade] = data.output;
-    }
-
-    return cascades;
-}
-
-/**
- *
- * @param {FrameGraph} graph
- * @param participating_media0
- * @param participating_media1
- * @param volumetrics_metadata
- * @param light_cluster_data
- * @param light_cluster_lookup
- * @param light_cluster_parameters
- * @param shadowmap_atlas
- * @param sun_transmittance_lut
- * @param sun_multiple_scattering_lut
- * @param {number[]} sun_shadow_cascades handles of the Q-04 optical-depth cascades, innermost first
- * @param lights
- * @param view
- * @param camera
- * @param resolution
- * @param {ShaderSwitchSet} shader_switches the renderer's; the lighting pass is built for them
- * @returns {number} the lit scattering volume
- */
-function graph_integrate_light_scattering({
-                                              graph,
-                                              participating_media0,
-                                              participating_media1,
-                                              volumetrics_metadata,
-                                              light_cluster_data,
-                                              light_cluster_lookup,
-                                              light_cluster_parameters,
-                                              shadowmap_atlas,
-                                              sun_transmittance_lut,
-                                              sun_multiple_scattering_lut,
-                                              sun_shadow_cascades,
-                                              lights,
-                                              view,
-                                              camera,
-                                              resolution,
-                                              shader_switches,
-                                          }) {
-
-    const data = {};
-
-    const pass = graph.add("scattering lut", data, (data, resources, context) => {
-        const output = resources.get(data.output);
-
-        const volumetrics_metadata = resources.get(data.volumetrics_metadata);
-
-        const participating_media0 = resources.get(data.participating_media0);
-        const participating_media1 = resources.get(data.participating_media1);
-
-        const light_cluster_data = resources.get(data.light_cluster_data);
-        const light_cluster_lookup = resources.get(data.light_cluster_lookup);
-        const light_cluster_parameters = resources.get(data.light_cluster_parameters);
-        const shadowmap_atlas = resources.get(data.shadowmap_atlas);
-
-        const sun_transmittance_lut = resources.get(data.sun_transmittance_lut);
-        const sun_multiple_scattering_lut = resources.get(data.sun_multiple_scattering_lut);
-        const sun_shadow_cascades = data.sun_shadow_cascades.map(handle => resources.get(handle));
-
-        const sampler_shadowmap = context.graphics.samplers.obtain(SHADOWMAP_COMPARE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR);
-        const sLinear = context.graphics.samplers.obtain(SamplerDescriptor.from({
-            magFilter: "linear",
-        }));
-
-        // Spatiotemporal blue noise for the per-froxel sample offset. The pass takes one sample and
-        // leans on the volumetric TAA to integrate, which only works if each froxel's sequence over
-        // frames is well distributed — the property a per-froxel hash does not have.
-        const tSTBN_vec3 = context.graphics.textures.obtain(STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS.stbn_vec3);
-
-        const encoder = context.encoder;
-
-        const bindings = {
-            camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
-            view: view.uniform_buffer.buffer,
-            volumetrics_metadata,
-            sLinear,
-            tSunTransmittance: sun_transmittance_lut.obtainView(),
-            tMultiScattering: sun_multiple_scattering_lut.obtainView(),
-            tSTBN_vec3: tSTBN_vec3.obtainView(),
-            tParticipatingMedia0: participating_media0.obtainView(),
-            tParticipatingMedia1: participating_media1.obtainView(),
-            tLighting: output.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
-            //
-            light_data: lights.buffer_data,
-
-            cluster_data: light_cluster_data,
-            cluster_lookup: light_cluster_lookup,
-            cluster_parameters: light_cluster_parameters,
-
-            shadowmapAtlas: shadowmap_atlas.obtainView(),
-            sCompareLinear: sampler_shadowmap,
-        };
-
-        // One texture per cascade, under the names the read side declares. Bound here rather than
-        // above because the count is a constant of the structure, not of this pass.
-        for (let cascade = 0; cascade < sun_shadow_cascades.length; cascade++) {
-            bindings[volumetrics_sun_shadow_texture_name(cascade)] = sun_shadow_cascades[cascade].obtainView();
-        }
-
-        shader_volumetrics_build_lighting.variant(shader_switches).dispatchThreads({
-            encoder,
-            thread_count_x: output.width,
-            thread_count_y: output.height,
-            thread_count_z: output.depth,
-            bindings
-        })
-    });
-
-    data.participating_media0 = pass.read(participating_media0);
-    data.participating_media1 = pass.read(participating_media1);
-    data.volumetrics_metadata = pass.read(volumetrics_metadata);
-
-    data.shadowmap_atlas = pass.read(shadowmap_atlas);
-    data.light_cluster_data = pass.read(light_cluster_data);
-    data.light_cluster_lookup = pass.read(light_cluster_lookup);
-    data.light_cluster_parameters = pass.read(light_cluster_parameters);
-
-    data.sun_transmittance_lut = pass.read(sun_transmittance_lut);
-    data.sun_multiple_scattering_lut = pass.read(sun_multiple_scattering_lut);
-    data.sun_shadow_cascades = sun_shadow_cascades.map(handle => pass.read(handle));
-
-    data.output = pass.create("Light Scattering LUT", TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
-        resolution,
-        dimension: "3d",
-        format: "rgba16float",
-        usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT
-    }));
-
-    return data.output;
-
-}
-
-/**
- * The fog: participating media -> per-froxel lighting -> ray-marched integration into the aerial LUT
- * every surface behind it is seen through. Particle lighting is not here — it needs no medium, and
- * `GPUIrradianceClipmap` builds it on its own.
- *
- * @param {Object} options
- * @param {FrameGraph} options.graph
- * @param {GPUCameraContext} options.camera
- * @param {GPULightCollection} options.lights
- * @param {GPUViewContext} options.view
- * @param {GPUSky} options.sky the scene's sky, already {@link GPUSky#update updated}: its two
- *   persistent LUTs are imported and read, not rebuilt. The sun's transmittance and the multiple
- *   scattering depend on nothing but the atmosphere's constants, so building them again per frame
- *   bought the same texels at a cost that was paid whether or not the scene had any fog.
- * @param {number} options.light_cluster_data
- * @param {number} options.light_cluster_lookup
- * @param {number} options.light_cluster_parameters
- * @param {number} options.shadowmap_atlas
- * @param {number[]} options.volumetric_resolution
- * @param {number[]} options.sun_shadow_resolution voxel counts of one Q-04 sun optical-depth cascade;
- * `[1, 1, 1]` when the froxels are marching instead, which keeps the passes in the graph without
- * doing any work
- * @param {number} options.volumetrics_metadata
- * @param {number} [options.taa_history] imported previous-frame accumulated scattering volume
- * @param {number} [options.taa_output] imported destination for this frame's accumulated scattering volume
- * @param {GPUCameraContext} [options.camera_previous] previous-frame camera, for temporal reprojection
- * @param {ShaderSwitchSet} [options.shader_switches] the renderer's; the lighting pass is built for them
- */
-export function graph_build_volumetrics({
-                                            graph,
-                                            camera,
-                                            lights,
-                                            view,
-                                            sky,
-                                            light_cluster_data,
-                                            light_cluster_lookup,
-                                            light_cluster_parameters,
-                                            shadowmap_atlas,
-                                            volumetric_resolution,
-                                            sun_shadow_resolution,
-                                            volumetrics_metadata,
-                                            taa_history,
-                                            taa_output,
-                                            camera_previous,
-                                            shader_switches = ShaderSwitchSet.EMPTY,
-                                        }) {
-
-    assert.defined(view, 'view');
-    assert.defined(sky, 'sky');
-    assert.equal(sky.needs_update, false, 'sky has not been updated, its LUTs hold nothing yet');
-    assert.defined(volumetric_resolution, 'volumetric_resolution');
-    assert.defined(sun_shadow_resolution, 'sun_shadow_resolution');
-
-    graph.push_scope("build volumetrics");
-
-    // Read-only here, so nothing in this graph orders against a write to either; the sky wrote
-    // them in commands of its own, submitted before this frame's.
-    const transmittance_lut = graph_import_texture(graph, sky.lut_transmittance);
-    const multiscatted_lut = graph_import_texture(graph, sky.lut_multiple_scattering);
-
-    const {
-        participating_media0,
-        participating_media1,
-        far_field,
-    } = graph_integrate_participating_media({
-        graph,
-        scene: view.scene,
-        view,
-        resolution: volumetric_resolution,
-        volumetrics_metadata,
-        camera,
-        shader_switches,
-    });
-
-    const sun_shadow_cascades = graph_build_sun_shadow_volume({
-        graph,
-        scene: view.scene,
-        volumetrics_metadata,
-        resolution: sun_shadow_resolution,
-        shader_switches,
-    });
-
-    const light_scattering_lut = graph_integrate_light_scattering({
-        graph,
-        resolution: volumetric_resolution,
-        camera,
-        view,
-        sun_transmittance_lut: transmittance_lut,
-        sun_multiple_scattering_lut: multiscatted_lut,
-        sun_shadow_cascades,
-        participating_media0,
-        participating_media1,
-        volumetrics_metadata,
-        light_cluster_data,
-        light_cluster_lookup,
-        light_cluster_parameters,
-        shadowmap_atlas,
-        lights,
-        shader_switches,
-    });
-
-    // Temporal reprojection of the per-froxel lit scattering volume, applied BEFORE aerial
-    // integration — reprojecting the already-integrated aerial LUT would double-integrate along the
-    // view ray. Optional: skipped when no history ping-pong is supplied (TAA disabled), in which
-    // case the aerial pass consumes the raw (noisier) scattering LUT directly.
-    let volume_lighting_resolved = light_scattering_lut;
-
-    if (taa_history !== undefined && taa_output !== undefined) {
-        const taa_outputs = graph_compute_pass({
-            graph,
-            shader: shader_volumetrics_taa,
-            group_count: [
-                Math.ceil(volumetric_resolution[0] / 8),
-                Math.ceil(volumetric_resolution[1] / 8),
-                Math.ceil(volumetric_resolution[2] / 4),
-            ],
-            bindings: {
-                t_current: light_scattering_lut,
-                t_history: taa_history,
-                t_output: taa_output,
-                volumetrics_metadata,
-                camera_current: graph_import_buffer(graph, camera.buffer.buffer, "volumetrics taa camera"),
-                camera_previous: graph_import_buffer(graph, camera_previous.buffer.buffer, "volumetrics taa camera previous"),
-            },
-        });
-
-        volume_lighting_resolved = taa_outputs.t_output;
-    }
-
-    const a_data = {};
-
-    const a_pass = graph.add("aerial lut", a_data, (data, resources, context) => {
-        const output = resources.get(data.output);
-
-        const participating_media0 = resources.get(data.participating_media0);
-        const participating_media1 = resources.get(data.participating_media1);
-        const volumetrics_metadata = resources.get(data.volumetrics_metadata);
-
-        const light_scattering_lut = resources.get(data.light_scattering_lut);
-        const sun_transmittance_lut = resources.get(data.sun_transmittance_lut);
-        const far_field = resources.get(data.far_field);
-
-        const encoder = context.encoder;
-
-
-        const graphics = context.graphics;
-
-        const sLinear = graphics.samplers.obtain(SamplerDescriptor.from({
-            magFilter: "linear",
-        }));
-
-        const tSTBN_vec3 = graphics.textures.obtain(STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS.stbn_vec3);
-
-        shader_volumetrics_build_scattering_lut.dispatchThreads({
-            encoder,
-            thread_count_x: output.width,
-            thread_count_y: output.height,
-            bindings: {
-                camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
-                view: view.uniform_buffer.buffer,
-                volumetrics_metadata,
-                tSTBN_vec3: tSTBN_vec3.obtainView(),
-                sLinear,
-
-                tVolumeLighting: light_scattering_lut.obtainView(),
-                tParticipatingMedia0: participating_media0.obtainView(),
-                tParticipatingMedia1: participating_media1.obtainView(),
-
-                // RDR2-style far-field march inputs (used beyond froxel_far)
-                scene_database: view.scene.scene_database_buffer,
-                far_field,
-                light_data: lights.buffer_data,
-                tSunTransmittance: sun_transmittance_lut.obtainView(),
-
-                tOutput: output.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
-            }
-        });
-
-
-    });
-
-    a_data.participating_media0 = a_pass.read(participating_media0);
-    a_data.participating_media1 = a_pass.read(participating_media1);
-    a_data.volumetrics_metadata = a_pass.read(volumetrics_metadata);
-    a_data.sun_transmittance_lut = a_pass.read(transmittance_lut);
-    a_data.far_field = a_pass.read(far_field);
-
-    a_data.output = a_pass.create("Integrated Volumetrics", TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
-        resolution: volumetric_resolution,
-        dimension: "3d",
-        format: "rgba16float",
-        usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING
-    }))
-
-
-    a_data.light_scattering_lut = a_pass.read(volume_lighting_resolved);
-
-
-    // TODO add temporal reprojection
-
-    graph.pop_scope();
-
-    return {
-        lut_transmittance: transmittance_lut,
-        lut_multiple_scattering: multiscatted_lut,
-        lut_aerial: a_data.output,
-        volumetrics_metadata,
-    };
-}
+import { assert } from "../../../core/assert.js";
+import { SamplerDescriptor } from "../../descriptor/texture/SamplerDescriptor.js";
+import { BufferResourceDescriptor } from "../../device/graph/BufferResourceDescriptor.js";
+import { TextureResourceDescriptor } from "../../device/graph/TextureResourceDescriptor.js";
+import { ShaderSwitchSet } from "../shader/compiler/ShaderSwitchSet.js";
+import { graph_compute_pass } from "../shader/graph/compute/graph_compute_pass.js";
+import { graph_import_buffer } from "../shader/graph/graph_import_buffer.js";
+import { graph_import_texture } from "../shader/graph/graph_import_texture.js";
+import { SHADOWMAP_COMPARE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR } from "../shadow/map/SHADOWMAP_COMPARE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR.js";
+import { STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS } from "../STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS.js";
+import { DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR } from "../texture/DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR.js";
+import { SAMPLER_LINEAR_UPSCALE } from "../texture/SAMPLER_LINEAR_UPSCALE.js";
+import { WIND_FIELD_UNIFORM } from "../wind/WIND_FIELD_UNIFORM.js";
+import { VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION } from "./chunk_volumetrics_media_group_list.js";
+import { VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_BRICK_Z } from "./chunk_volumetrics_sun_shadow_group_list.js";
+import { volumetrics_sun_shadow_texture_name } from "./chunk_volumetrics_sun_optical_depth.js";
+import { PARTICIPATING_MEDIA_NOISE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR } from "./noise/PARTICIPATING_MEDIA_NOISE.js";
+import { shader_volumetrics_bin_participating_media } from "./shader_volumetrics_bin_participating_media.js";
+import { shader_volumetrics_bin_sun_shadow_media } from "./shader_volumetrics_bin_sun_shadow_media.js";
+import { shader_volumetrics_build_lighting } from "./shader_volumetrics_build_lighting.js";
+import { shader_volumetrics_build_participating_media } from "./shader_volumetrics_build_participating_media.js";
+import { shader_volumetrics_build_scattering_lut } from "./shader_volumetrics_build_scattering_lut.js";
+import {
+    shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume_outermost,
+    shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume_seeded
+} from "./shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume.js";
+import {
+    shader_volumetrics_cull_sun_shadow_media,
+    VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CULL_LANES
+} from "./shader_volumetrics_cull_sun_shadow_media.js";
+import {
+    shader_volumetrics_split_participating_media,
+    VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_SPLIT_LANES
+} from "./shader_volumetrics_split_participating_media.js";
+import { shader_volumetrics_taa } from "./taa/shader_volumetrics_taa.js";
+import {
+    VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CASCADE_COUNT,
+    VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION,
+    volumetrics_sun_shadow_sub_steps
+} from "./VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_RESOLUTION.js";
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {FrameGraph} options.graph
+ * @param {GPUCameraContext} options.camera
+ * @param {GPUSceneContext} options.scene
+ * @param {GPUViewContext} options.view
+ * @param {number} options.volumetrics_metadata
+ * @param {number[]} options.resolution output resolution
+ * @param {ShaderSwitchSet} options.shader_switches the renderer's; the build adds the wind field's shape
+ */
+function graph_integrate_participating_media({
+                                                 graph,
+                                                 camera,
+                                                 scene,
+                                                 view,
+                                                 volumetrics_metadata,
+                                                 resolution,
+                                                 shader_switches,
+                                             }) {
+
+    const data = {};
+
+    // the media build's workgroups, each of which the bin gives a list of the volumes it may see
+    const groups = [
+        Math.ceil(resolution[0] / VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION[0]),
+        Math.ceil(resolution[1] / VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION[1]),
+        resolution[2],
+    ];
+
+    // A bit a volume. Sized from the scene's volumes, which the table's rows never outnumber; the
+    // shaders take the volume count off the table and the words a list gets off this buffer.
+    const volume_count = scene.volumetrics.source.volumes.length;
+    const list_words = Math.ceil(volume_count / 32);
+    const group_lists_bytes = 4 * Math.max(4, groups[0] * groups[1] * groups[2] * list_words);
+
+    // the near and the far field: a count, then a row for every volume either may hold
+    const field_bytes = 4 * Math.max(4, 1 + volume_count);
+
+    const pass = graph.add(
+        "aerial lut",
+        data,
+        /**
+         *
+         * @param {} data
+         * @param {FramePassResources} resources
+         * @param {GraphicsExecutionContext} context
+         */
+        (data, resources, context) => {
+
+            /**
+             * @type {GPUTextureContext}
+             */
+            const output0 = resources.get(data.output0);
+            /**
+             * @type {GPUTextureContext}
+             */
+            const output1 = resources.get(data.output1);
+
+            const group_lists = resources.get(data.group_lists);
+            const near_field = resources.get(data.near_field);
+            const far_field = resources.get(data.far_field);
+
+            const encoder = context.encoder;
+
+            const volumetrics_metadata = resources.get(data.volumetrics_metadata);
+
+            shader_volumetrics_split_participating_media.dispatch({
+                encoder,
+                bindings: {
+                    camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
+                    volumetrics_metadata,
+                    scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
+                    near_field,
+                    far_field,
+                },
+                group_count_x: Math.max(1, Math.ceil(volume_count / VOLUMETRICS_MEDIA_SPLIT_LANES)),
+            });
+
+            shader_volumetrics_bin_participating_media.dispatch({
+                encoder,
+                bindings: {
+                    camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
+                    volumetrics_metadata,
+                    scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
+                    near_field,
+                    group_lists,
+                },
+                group_count_x: groups[0],
+                group_count_y: groups[1],
+                group_count_z: groups[2],
+            });
+
+            /**
+             * The scene's noise atlas, imported this frame so a grow between frames is seen.
+             * @type {GPUTextureContext}
+             */
+            const noise_atlas = resources.get(data.noise_atlas);
+
+            // the per-froxel point the noise is read at moves by this volume every frame
+            const tSTBN_vec3 = context.graphics.textures.obtain(STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS.stbn_vec3);
+
+            const bindings = {
+                camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
+                view: view.uniform_buffer.buffer,
+                volumetrics_metadata,
+                scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
+                tSTBN_vec3: tSTBN_vec3.obtainView(),
+                tParticipatingMediaNoise: noise_atlas.obtainView(),
+                sParticipatingMediaNoise: context.graphics.samplers.obtain(PARTICIPATING_MEDIA_NOISE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR),
+                tOutput0: output0.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
+                tOutput1: output1.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
+                group_lists,
+            };
+
+            // taken this frame rather than held: a producer that grows the field replaces its atlas
+            scene.wind.bind(bindings);
+
+            // and read in the shape it has this frame: with no cascades the wind is the far field
+            // everywhere, and that variant links neither the cascades' read nor the noise's flow map
+            const switches = shader_switches.with(WIND_FIELD_UNIFORM, scene.wind.cascade_count === 0);
+
+            shader_volumetrics_build_participating_media.variant(switches).dispatchThreads({
+                encoder,
+                thread_count_x: output0.width,
+                thread_count_y: output0.height,
+                thread_count_z: output0.depth,
+                bindings,
+            });
+
+
+        });
+
+    data.volumetrics_metadata = pass.read(volumetrics_metadata);
+    // the split appends to lists counted from zero
+    data.near_field = pass.create("participating media near field", BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
+        field_bytes,
+        GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
+        0, 4,
+    ));
+    data.far_field = pass.create("participating media far field", BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
+        field_bytes,
+        GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
+        0, 4,
+    ));
+    // the bin ORs bits into zeroed lists
+    data.group_lists = pass.create("participating media group lists", BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
+        group_lists_bytes,
+        GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
+        0, group_lists_bytes,
+    ));
+    data.noise_atlas = pass.read(graph_import_texture(graph, scene.volumetrics.noise_atlas.texture, "volumetrics noise atlas"));
+
+    data.output0 = pass.create("Participating Media 0", TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
+        resolution,
+        dimension: "3d",
+        format: "rgba16float",
+        usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT
+    }));
+    data.output1 = pass.create("Participating Media 1", TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
+        resolution,
+        dimension: "3d",
+        format: "rgba16float",
+        usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT
+    }));
+
+    return {
+        participating_media0: data.output0,
+        participating_media1: data.output1,
+        volumetrics_metadata: data.volumetrics_metadata,
+        far_field: data.far_field,
+    };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Q-04 / Q-05. The sun's optical depth, integrated once per frame into cascaded light-aligned
+ * volumes directly from the scene's world-space participating-media volumes so the lighting pass
+ * can read it in a single fetch without clipping shadow rays to the camera frustum.
+ *
+ * The cascades are ordered among themselves because each inner cascade is seeded from the value the
+ * cascade outside it already computed at its entry face: the outermost is built first (including
+ * its upwind half-space `w <= 0`) and the handle it returns is what makes the next pass wait for it.
+ *
+ * A texture per cascade rather than one texture with the cascades stacked along w. Stacking would
+ * put a pass's own output and its input in the same texture, which WebGPU rejects — a subresource
+ * cannot be bound as writable storage and as a sampled texture at once — and there is no
+ * subresource finer than the whole 3D texture to split it on.
+ *
+ * Always present, even with the mode off — the volumes are then dispatched at 1x1x1 (see
+ * `GPUViewVolumetrics`), which keeps the graph's topology identical on both sides of the A/B.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {FrameGraph} options.graph
+ * @param {GPUSceneContext} options.scene
+ * @param {number} options.volumetrics_metadata
+ * @param {number[]} options.resolution voxel counts of one cascade
+ * @param {ShaderSwitchSet} options.shader_switches the renderer's; the build adds the wind field's shape
+ * @returns {number[]} handles of the cascades, innermost first
+ */
+function graph_build_sun_shadow_volume({
+                                           graph,
+                                           scene,
+                                           volumetrics_metadata,
+                                           resolution,
+                                           shader_switches,
+                                       }) {
+
+    const group_count = [
+        // one invocation per COLUMN along the sun axis, so only x and y are dispatched
+        Math.ceil(resolution[0] / VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION[0]),
+        Math.ceil(resolution[1] / VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_WORKGROUP_RESOLUTION[1]),
+        1,
+    ];
+
+    const interior_bricks_z = Math.ceil(resolution[2] / VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_BRICK_Z);
+    const groups = [
+        group_count[0],
+        group_count[1],
+        interior_bricks_z + 1,
+    ];
+
+    const volume_count = scene.volumetrics.source.volumes.length;
+    const list_words = Math.ceil(volume_count / 32);
+    const group_lists_bytes = 4 * Math.max(4, groups[0] * groups[1] * groups[2] * list_words);
+    const field_bytes = 4 * Math.max(4, 1 + volume_count);
+
+    const noise_atlas = graph_import_texture(graph, scene.volumetrics.noise_atlas.texture, "volumetrics sun shadow noise atlas");
+
+    const cascades = [];
+
+    for (let cascade = VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CASCADE_COUNT - 1; cascade >= 0; cascade--) {
+
+        // Every cascade but the outermost starts its scan from the one outside it — which the
+        // descending loop has already added, and which is the one difference the two build shaders
+        // exist for.
+        const seeded = cascade < VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CASCADE_COUNT - 1;
+        const base_shader = seeded
+            ? shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume_seeded
+            : shader_volumetrics_build_sun_shadow_volume_outermost;
+
+        const data = {};
+
+        const pass = graph.add(
+            base_shader.descriptor.label,
+            data,
+            /**
+             * @param {} data
+             * @param {FramePassResources} resources
+             * @param {GraphicsExecutionContext} context
+             */
+            (data, resources, context) => {
+                /**
+                 * @type {GPUTextureContext}
+                 */
+                const output = resources.get(data.output);
+                const volumetrics_metadata = resources.get(data.volumetrics_metadata);
+                const cascade_field = resources.get(data.cascade_field);
+                const group_lists = resources.get(data.group_lists);
+                /**
+                 * @type {GPUTextureContext}
+                 */
+                const noise_atlas = resources.get(data.noise_atlas);
+
+                const encoder = context.encoder;
+
+                const bin_settings = {
+                    resolution,
+                    cascade,
+                };
+
+                shader_volumetrics_cull_sun_shadow_media.dispatch({
+                    encoder,
+                    bindings: {
+                        settings: bin_settings,
+                        volumetrics_metadata,
+                        scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
+                        cascade_field,
+                    },
+                    group_count_x: Math.max(1, Math.ceil(volume_count / VOLUMETRICS_SUN_SHADOW_CULL_LANES)),
+                });
+
+                shader_volumetrics_bin_sun_shadow_media.dispatch({
+                    encoder,
+                    bindings: {
+                        settings: bin_settings,
+                        volumetrics_metadata,
+                        scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
+                        cascade_field,
+                        group_lists,
+                    },
+                    group_count_x: groups[0],
+                    group_count_y: groups[1],
+                    group_count_z: seeded ? interior_bricks_z : groups[2],
+                });
+
+                const bindings = {
+                    settings: {
+                        cascade,
+                        sub_steps: volumetrics_sun_shadow_sub_steps(cascade),
+                    },
+                    volumetrics_metadata,
+                    scene_database: scene.scene_database_buffer,
+                    group_lists,
+                    tParticipatingMediaNoise: noise_atlas.obtainView(),
+                    sParticipatingMediaNoise: context.graphics.samplers.obtain(PARTICIPATING_MEDIA_NOISE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR),
+                    tSunShadowVolume: output.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
+                };
+
+                if (seeded) {
+                    const outer = resources.get(data.outer);
+                    bindings.sLinear = context.graphics.samplers.obtain(SAMPLER_LINEAR_UPSCALE);
+                    bindings.tSunShadowOuter = outer.obtainView();
+                }
+
+                scene.wind.bind(bindings);
+
+                const switches = shader_switches.with(WIND_FIELD_UNIFORM, scene.wind.cascade_count === 0);
+
+                base_shader.variant(switches).dispatch({
+                    encoder,
+                    bindings,
+                    group_count_x: group_count[0],
+                    group_count_y: group_count[1],
+                    group_count_z: group_count[2],
+                });
+            }
+        );
+
+        data.volumetrics_metadata = pass.read(volumetrics_metadata);
+        data.noise_atlas = pass.read(noise_atlas);
+
+        if (seeded) {
+            data.outer = pass.read(cascades[cascade + 1]);
+        }
+
+        data.cascade_field = pass.create(`sun shadow cascade ${cascade} field`, BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
+            field_bytes,
+            GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
+            0, 4,
+        ));
+        data.group_lists = pass.create(`sun shadow cascade ${cascade} group lists`, BufferResourceDescriptor.from(
+            group_lists_bytes,
+            GPUBufferUsage.STORAGE,
+            0, group_lists_bytes,
+        ));
+        data.output = pass.create(`Sun Shadow Cascade ${cascade}`, TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
+            resolution,
+            dimension: "3d",
+            format: "rgba16float",
+            usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING
+        }));
+
+        cascades[cascade] = data.output;
+    }
+
+    return cascades;
+}
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @param {FrameGraph} graph
+ * @param participating_media0
+ * @param participating_media1
+ * @param volumetrics_metadata
+ * @param light_cluster_data
+ * @param light_cluster_lookup
+ * @param light_cluster_parameters
+ * @param shadowmap_atlas
+ * @param sun_transmittance_lut
+ * @param sun_multiple_scattering_lut
+ * @param {number[]} sun_shadow_cascades handles of the Q-04 optical-depth cascades, innermost first
+ * @param lights
+ * @param view
+ * @param camera
+ * @param resolution
+ * @param {ShaderSwitchSet} shader_switches the renderer's; the lighting pass is built for them
+ * @returns {number} the lit scattering volume
+ */
+function graph_integrate_light_scattering({
+                                              graph,
+                                              participating_media0,
+                                              participating_media1,
+                                              volumetrics_metadata,
+                                              light_cluster_data,
+                                              light_cluster_lookup,
+                                              light_cluster_parameters,
+                                              shadowmap_atlas,
+                                              sun_transmittance_lut,
+                                              sun_multiple_scattering_lut,
+                                              sun_shadow_cascades,
+                                              sky,
+                                              lights,
+                                              view,
+                                              camera,
+                                              resolution,
+                                              shader_switches,
+                                          }) {
+
+    const data = {};
+
+    const pass = graph.add("scattering lut", data, (data, resources, context) => {
+        const output = resources.get(data.output);
+
+        const volumetrics_metadata = resources.get(data.volumetrics_metadata);
+
+        const participating_media0 = resources.get(data.participating_media0);
+        const participating_media1 = resources.get(data.participating_media1);
+
+        const light_cluster_data = resources.get(data.light_cluster_data);
+        const light_cluster_lookup = resources.get(data.light_cluster_lookup);
+        const light_cluster_parameters = resources.get(data.light_cluster_parameters);
+        const shadowmap_atlas = resources.get(data.shadowmap_atlas);
+
+        const sun_transmittance_lut = resources.get(data.sun_transmittance_lut);
+        const sun_multiple_scattering_lut = resources.get(data.sun_multiple_scattering_lut);
+        const sun_shadow_cascades = data.sun_shadow_cascades.map(handle => resources.get(handle));
+
+        const sampler_shadowmap = context.graphics.samplers.obtain(SHADOWMAP_COMPARE_SAMPLER_DESCRIPTOR);
+        const sLinear = context.graphics.samplers.obtain(SamplerDescriptor.from({
+            magFilter: "linear",
+        }));
+
+        // Spatiotemporal blue noise for the per-froxel sample offset. The pass takes one sample and
+        // leans on the volumetric TAA to integrate, which only works if each froxel's sequence over
+        // frames is well distributed — the property a per-froxel hash does not have.
+        const tSTBN_vec3 = context.graphics.textures.obtain(STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS.stbn_vec3);
+
+        const encoder = context.encoder;
+
+        const bindings = {
+            camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
+            view: view.uniform_buffer.buffer,
+            volumetrics_metadata,
+            atmosphere: sky.parameters_buffer.buffer,
+            sLinear,
+            tSunTransmittance: sun_transmittance_lut.obtainView(),
+            tMultiScattering: sun_multiple_scattering_lut.obtainView(),
+            tSTBN_vec3: tSTBN_vec3.obtainView(),
+            tParticipatingMedia0: participating_media0.obtainView(),
+            tParticipatingMedia1: participating_media1.obtainView(),
+            tLighting: output.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
+            //
+            light_data: lights.buffer_data,
+
+            cluster_data: light_cluster_data,
+            cluster_lookup: light_cluster_lookup,
+            cluster_parameters: light_cluster_parameters,
+
+            shadowmapAtlas: shadowmap_atlas.obtainView(),
+            sCompareLinear: sampler_shadowmap,
+        };
+
+        // One texture per cascade, under the names the read side declares. Bound here rather than
+        // above because the count is a constant of the structure, not of this pass.
+        for (let cascade = 0; cascade < sun_shadow_cascades.length; cascade++) {
+            bindings[volumetrics_sun_shadow_texture_name(cascade)] = sun_shadow_cascades[cascade].obtainView();
+        }
+
+        shader_volumetrics_build_lighting.variant(shader_switches).dispatchThreads({
+            encoder,
+            thread_count_x: output.width,
+            thread_count_y: output.height,
+            thread_count_z: output.depth,
+            bindings
+        })
+    });
+
+    data.participating_media0 = pass.read(participating_media0);
+    data.participating_media1 = pass.read(participating_media1);
+    data.volumetrics_metadata = pass.read(volumetrics_metadata);
+
+    data.shadowmap_atlas = pass.read(shadowmap_atlas);
+    data.light_cluster_data = pass.read(light_cluster_data);
+    data.light_cluster_lookup = pass.read(light_cluster_lookup);
+    data.light_cluster_parameters = pass.read(light_cluster_parameters);
+
+    data.sun_transmittance_lut = pass.read(sun_transmittance_lut);
+    data.sun_multiple_scattering_lut = pass.read(sun_multiple_scattering_lut);
+    data.sun_shadow_cascades = sun_shadow_cascades.map(handle => pass.read(handle));
+
+    data.output = pass.create("Light Scattering LUT", TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
+        resolution,
+        dimension: "3d",
+        format: "rgba16float",
+        usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.RENDER_ATTACHMENT
+    }));
+
+    return data.output;
+
+}
+
+/**
+ * The fog: participating media -> per-froxel lighting -> ray-marched integration into the aerial LUT
+ * every surface behind it is seen through. Particle lighting is not here — it needs no medium, and
+ * `GPUIrradianceClipmap` builds it on its own.
+ *
+ * @param {Object} options
+ * @param {FrameGraph} options.graph
+ * @param {GPUCameraContext} options.camera
+ * @param {GPULightCollection} options.lights
+ * @param {GPUViewContext} options.view
+ * @param {GPUSky} options.sky the scene's sky, already {@link GPUSky#update updated}: its two
+ *   persistent LUTs are imported and read, not rebuilt. The sun's transmittance and the multiple
+ *   scattering depend on nothing but the atmosphere's constants, so building them again per frame
+ *   bought the same texels at a cost that was paid whether or not the scene had any fog.
+ * @param {number} options.light_cluster_data
+ * @param {number} options.light_cluster_lookup
+ * @param {number} options.light_cluster_parameters
+ * @param {number} options.shadowmap_atlas
+ * @param {number[]} options.volumetric_resolution
+ * @param {number[]} options.sun_shadow_resolution voxel counts of one Q-04 sun optical-depth cascade;
+ * `[1, 1, 1]` when the froxels are marching instead, which keeps the passes in the graph without
+ * doing any work
+ * @param {number} options.volumetrics_metadata
+ * @param {number} [options.taa_history] imported previous-frame accumulated scattering volume
+ * @param {number} [options.taa_output] imported destination for this frame's accumulated scattering volume
+ * @param {GPUCameraContext} [options.camera_previous] previous-frame camera, for temporal reprojection
+ * @param {ShaderSwitchSet} [options.shader_switches] the renderer's; the lighting pass is built for them
+ */
+export function graph_build_volumetrics({
+                                            graph,
+                                            camera,
+                                            lights,
+                                            view,
+                                            sky,
+                                            light_cluster_data,
+                                            light_cluster_lookup,
+                                            light_cluster_parameters,
+                                            shadowmap_atlas,
+                                            volumetric_resolution,
+                                            sun_shadow_resolution,
+                                            volumetrics_metadata,
+                                            taa_history,
+                                            taa_output,
+                                            camera_previous,
+                                            shader_switches = ShaderSwitchSet.EMPTY,
+                                        }) {
+
+    assert.defined(view, 'view');
+    assert.defined(sky, 'sky');
+    assert.equal(sky.needs_update, false, 'sky has not been updated, its LUTs hold nothing yet');
+    assert.defined(volumetric_resolution, 'volumetric_resolution');
+    assert.defined(sun_shadow_resolution, 'sun_shadow_resolution');
+
+    graph.push_scope("build volumetrics");
+
+    // Read-only here, so nothing in this graph orders against a write to either; the sky wrote
+    // them in commands of its own, submitted before this frame's.
+    const transmittance_lut = graph_import_texture(graph, sky.lut_transmittance);
+    const multiscatted_lut = graph_import_texture(graph, sky.lut_multiple_scattering);
+
+    const {
+        participating_media0,
+        participating_media1,
+        far_field,
+    } = graph_integrate_participating_media({
+        graph,
+        scene: view.scene,
+        view,
+        resolution: volumetric_resolution,
+        volumetrics_metadata,
+        camera,
+        shader_switches,
+    });
+
+    const sun_shadow_cascades = graph_build_sun_shadow_volume({
+        graph,
+        scene: view.scene,
+        volumetrics_metadata,
+        resolution: sun_shadow_resolution,
+        shader_switches,
+    });
+
+    const light_scattering_lut = graph_integrate_light_scattering({
+        graph,
+        resolution: volumetric_resolution,
+        camera,
+        view,
+        sun_transmittance_lut: transmittance_lut,
+        sun_multiple_scattering_lut: multiscatted_lut,
+        sun_shadow_cascades,
+        sky,
+        participating_media0,
+        participating_media1,
+        volumetrics_metadata,
+        light_cluster_data,
+        light_cluster_lookup,
+        light_cluster_parameters,
+        shadowmap_atlas,
+        lights,
+        shader_switches,
+    });
+
+    // Temporal reprojection of the per-froxel lit scattering volume, applied BEFORE aerial
+    // integration — reprojecting the already-integrated aerial LUT would double-integrate along the
+    // view ray. Optional: skipped when no history ping-pong is supplied (TAA disabled), in which
+    // case the aerial pass consumes the raw (noisier) scattering LUT directly.
+    let volume_lighting_resolved = light_scattering_lut;
+
+    if (taa_history !== undefined && taa_output !== undefined) {
+        const taa_outputs = graph_compute_pass({
+            graph,
+            shader: shader_volumetrics_taa,
+            group_count: [
+                Math.ceil(volumetric_resolution[0] / 8),
+                Math.ceil(volumetric_resolution[1] / 8),
+                Math.ceil(volumetric_resolution[2] / 4),
+            ],
+            bindings: {
+                t_current: light_scattering_lut,
+                t_history: taa_history,
+                t_output: taa_output,
+                volumetrics_metadata,
+                camera_current: graph_import_buffer(graph, camera.buffer.buffer, "volumetrics taa camera"),
+                camera_previous: graph_import_buffer(graph, camera_previous.buffer.buffer, "volumetrics taa camera previous"),
+            },
+        });
+
+        volume_lighting_resolved = taa_outputs.t_output;
+    }
+
+    const a_data = {};
+
+    const a_pass = graph.add("aerial lut", a_data, (data, resources, context) => {
+        const output = resources.get(data.output);
+
+        const participating_media0 = resources.get(data.participating_media0);
+        const participating_media1 = resources.get(data.participating_media1);
+        const volumetrics_metadata = resources.get(data.volumetrics_metadata);
+
+        const light_scattering_lut = resources.get(data.light_scattering_lut);
+        const sun_transmittance_lut = resources.get(data.sun_transmittance_lut);
+        const far_field = resources.get(data.far_field);
+
+        const encoder = context.encoder;
+
+
+        const graphics = context.graphics;
+
+        const sLinear = graphics.samplers.obtain(SamplerDescriptor.from({
+            magFilter: "linear",
+        }));
+
+        const tSTBN_vec3 = graphics.textures.obtain(STATIC_GRAPHICS_ENGINE_ASSETS.stbn_vec3);
+
+        shader_volumetrics_build_scattering_lut.dispatchThreads({
+            encoder,
+            thread_count_x: output.width,
+            thread_count_y: output.height,
+            bindings: {
+                camera: camera.buffer.buffer,
+                view: view.uniform_buffer.buffer,
+                volumetrics_metadata,
+                tSTBN_vec3: tSTBN_vec3.obtainView(),
+                sLinear,
+
+                tVolumeLighting: light_scattering_lut.obtainView(),
+                tParticipatingMedia0: participating_media0.obtainView(),
+                tParticipatingMedia1: participating_media1.obtainView(),
+
+                // RDR2-style far-field march inputs (used beyond froxel_far)
+                scene_database: view.scene.scene_database_buffer,
+                far_field,
+                light_data: lights.buffer_data,
+                atmosphere: sky.parameters_buffer.buffer,
+                tSunTransmittance: sun_transmittance_lut.obtainView(),
+
+                tOutput: output.obtainView(DEFAULT_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR),
+            }
+        });
+
+
+    });
+
+    a_data.participating_media0 = a_pass.read(participating_media0);
+    a_data.participating_media1 = a_pass.read(participating_media1);
+    a_data.volumetrics_metadata = a_pass.read(volumetrics_metadata);
+    a_data.sun_transmittance_lut = a_pass.read(transmittance_lut);
+    a_data.far_field = a_pass.read(far_field);
+
+    a_data.output = a_pass.create("Integrated Volumetrics", TextureResourceDescriptor.from({
+        resolution: volumetric_resolution,
+        dimension: "3d",
+        format: "rgba16float",
+        usage: GPUTextureUsage.STORAGE_BINDING | GPUTextureUsage.TEXTURE_BINDING
+    }))
+
+
+    a_data.light_scattering_lut = a_pass.read(volume_lighting_resolved);
+
+
+    // TODO add temporal reprojection
+
+    graph.pop_scope();
+
+    return {
+        lut_transmittance: transmittance_lut,
+        lut_multiple_scattering: multiscatted_lut,
+        lut_aerial: a_data.output,
+        volumetrics_metadata,
+    };
+}